NASCAR

Information credited to hansdevice.com and auto.howstuffworks.com. The article on the supernatural in monotheistic religions thus concerns itself with the junction between monotheistic religions, such as Christianity and Judaism and the supernatural. Tire changers must also wear safety glasses to prevent eye injures from lug nuts thrown off the car. Some feel these events never took place at all; that miracles are a story-teller's "wonders" and they have symbolic meanings, understood by the past generations that heard and recorded them. In addition to the helmets, all members are required to wear full fire suits and gloves while the refueller must wear a fire apron as well as the suit. Many modern skeptical readers of the Bible hold that its authors gradually reinterpreted historical and natural events as miraculous or supernatural. Over the wall pit members are now required to wear helmets after a string of members were hit and in the open wheel series many members were ran over. The mixed archaeological record has led to a variety of opinions regarding the accuracy or historicity of Biblical accounts. Today there are two loosely defined schools of thought with regard to the historicity of the Bible (Biblical minimalism and Biblical maximalism) with many in between, in addition to the traditional religious reading of the Bible.

The tachometer then "guides" the speed of the car down pit road. Main article: The Bible and history. As none of the cars are equipped with speedometers, the cars in prerace warm up laps are driven around the track at the pit road speed following the pace car so the drivers can mark on the tachometer the telemetry (term referring to the Revolutions Per Minute it takes to travel at the "speed limit") for the day. It is not taken seriously by most experts. NASCAR has placed a new electronic scoring system in use as of 2005 to monitor the speeds of cars on pit road by measuring the time it takes to get from checkpoint to checkpoint. The pesher method of interpretation, which views Biblical passages as coded representations of events current to the writing of the passage, was recently (1992) put forward by Barbara Thiering, Ph.D. At each track there are different speeds the cars are required to travel at (the speed depends on the size of the track and the size of pit road). This often includes allegorical interpretations.

Pit road safety has become the latest focus of NASCAR officials in recent years. Since it was members of the Church who wrote the New Testament and a series of Church councils that decided the biblical canon, the Orthodox believe that the Church should also be the final authority in its interpretation. Compression barriers - this idea is to place cushioning materials, such as tires, against the concrete wall, and then cover those cushions with a smooth surface that would give when impacted, and then pop back out to its previous shape once the impact is over. This means that the passages that are publicly read on certain days of the liturgical year are significant, especially on feast days, and are intended to guide people in their interpretation as they are praying together. Holes are drilled in the concrete wall and cables are used to tie the segments to it. It also interprets Scripture liturgically. Impact Protection System (IPS) - This inner piece of the wall is then wrapped in a rubber casing. The Eastern Orthodox Church generally follows a patristic method of interpretation, attempting to interpret Scripture in the same way that the early Church Fathers did.

Designers of PEDS believe the system increases the wall's ability to withstand crashes of heavy race cars. Allegorical interpretation was adopted by Christians, and continued in popularity until a reaction against it during the Reformation, and it has not since found much favour in Western Christianity. There are four types of softer walls and barriers: Cellofoam - This is an encapsulated polystyrene barrier -- a block of plastic foam encased in polyethylene. Polyethylene Energy Dissipation System (PEDS) - which uses small polyethylene cylinders inserted inside larger ones. The earliest use of these was probably Philo, who attempted to make Jewish halakha palatable to the Greek mind by interpreting it as symbolising philosophical doctrines. Soft walls are typically built of some kind of crushable material that can absorb the impact of a car at high speeds. Throughout antiquity and the medieval periods, allegorical methods of interpretation were popular. Over the last couple years, NASCAR has installed safer walls and barriers along the track. A wealth of additional stories and legends amplifying the accounts in the Tanakh can be found in the Jewish genre of rabbinical exegesis known as Midrash.

The roof flaps keep the cars on the ground as they spin. Robert Estienne (Robert Stephanus) was the first to number the verses within each chapter, his verse numbers entering printed editions in 1565 (New Testament) and 1571 (Hebrew Bible).[1] (http://www.fuller.edu/ministry/berean/chs_vss.htm)[2] (http://www.theexaminer.org/history/chap6.htm). When a car is turned around, and is going fast enough, the flaps come up and it disrupts the airflow over the roof, eliminating all of the lift. They were then inserted into Greek manuscripts of the New Testament in the 1400s. To prevent this, NASCAR officials developed a set of flaps that are recessed into pockets on the roof of the car. Stephen Langton is reputed to have been the first to put the chapter divisions into a Vulgate edition of the Bible, in 1205. If the speed of the car is high enough, it will generate enough lift to pick up the car. Nevertheless, even the critics admit that the chapter divisions and verse numbers have become indispensable as technical references for Bible study.

In 1994, NASCAR introduced roof flaps to the car, which designed to keep cars from getting airborne and rolling down track. Critics charge that the text is often divided into chapters in an incoherent way, or at inappropriate points within the narrative, and that it encourages citing passages out of context, in effect turning the Bible into a kind of textual quarry for clerical citations. Two flexible tethers on the collar are attached to the helmet to prevent the head from snapping forward or to the side during a wreck. The division of the Bible into chapters and verses has often elicited severe criticism from traditionalists and modern scholars alike. It is a semi-hard collar made of carbon fiber and Kevlar, and it is held onto the upper body by a harness worn by the driver. However, for the past generation most Jewish editions of the complete Hebrew Bible have made a systematic effort to relegate chapter and verse numbers to the margins of the text. The HANS device is designed to reduce the chance of injury caused by unrestrained movement of the head during crashes. Chapter divisions were first used by Jews in a 1330 manuscript, and for a printed edition in 1516.

Since a string of accidents in 2000 and 2001 that killed Adam Petty, Kenny Irwin and Dale Earnhardt under similar circumstances, NASCAR has made it mandatory for the drivers to wear the HANS Device (Head And Neck Support) as the only device for use as of 2005. Such technical references became crucial to medieval rabbis in the historical context of forced debates with Christian clergy (who used the chapter and verse numbers), especially in late medieval Spain. The seat belts used are the five-point harness, which is two straps coming down over the driver's shoulders, two straps wrap around the waist and one comes up between the legs. They were later adopted by many Jews as well, as technical references within the Hebrew text. They are built to be stronger than a normal seat belt. Rather, they are medieval Christian inventions. The seat belt in a stock car is very important. The current division of the Bible into chapters and the verse numbers within the chapters have no basis in any ancient textual tradition.

However, even though the seats are safer for the driver, some don’t like them due to the fact that it takes away some of the feel for the track. It is not identical to the present chapters. Some of the newer seats wrap around the driver's shoulders as well, which provides better support because the shoulders are more durable than the rib cage. The Byzantines also introduced a chapter division of sorts, called Kephalaia. Most of the seats found in the race cars wrap around the driver's rib cage which provides some support during a crash, spreading the load out over the entire rib cage instead of letting it concentrate in a smaller area. This division is not thematic, but is almost entirely based upon the quantity of text. The seats that the drivers sit in have evolved over the past few years. Another related feature of the Masoretic text is the division of the sedarim.

Using new technology, they have tried to make racing as safe, and still as thrilling as ever to protect the drivers, fans, and keep racing exciting. In this system, the one rule differentiating "open" and "closed" sections is that "open" sections must always begin at the beginning of a new line, while "closed" sections never start at the beginning of a new line. Safety in racing has come a long way since the first green flag dropped. These latter conventions are no longer used in Torah scrolls and printed Hebrew Bibles. The winners of the Dodge Weekly Series National Championship, the four AutoZone Elite Divisions, the two Whelen Modified and Grand National Divisions, and the three national series are invited to New York City in December to participate in Champions Week ceremonies which conclude with the annual awards banquet at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. In early manuscripts (most importantly in Tiberian Masoretic manuscripts, such as the Aleppo codex) an "open" section may also be represented by a blank line, and a "closed" section by a new line that is slightly indented (the preceding line may also not be full). In 2002, 9,000 drivers had licenses from NASCAR to race at all levels. The parashiyot are not numbered.

Many drivers move up through the series before reaching the Nextel Cup series. The division of the text reflected in the parashiyot is usually thematic. The top 15 (Grand National) or 10 (AutoZone Elite) in each series will race in a one-race playoff at Irwindale Speedway in California to determine the annual AutoZone Elite and Grand National champions. The Masoretic textual tradition also contains section endings called parashiyot, which are indicated by a space within a line (a "closed" section") or a new line beginning (an "open" section). In 2003, NASCAR standardised rules for its AutoZone Elite and Grand National divisions regional touring series as to permit cars in one series to race against cars in another series in the same division. According to the Talmudic tradition, the verse endings are of ancient origin. Grand National cars are similar to Busch Series cars, although they are less powerful. The Hebrew Masoretic text contains verse endings as an important feature.

NASCAR sanctions three regional racing divisions, the Whelen Modified Tour, which races open wheel "modified" cars in Northern and Southern divisions, the AutoZone Elite Division, which races late-model cars which are lighter than Nextel Cup cars, and less powerful cars, split into four divisions, Northwest, Southwest, Southeast, and Midwest, and the Grand National Division, which races in the Busch North and the West Series. Main article: Chapters and verses of the Bible. Many local racetracks across the United States and Canada run under the Dodge Weekly Series banner, where local drivers are compared against each other in a formula where the best local track champion of the nation, as based on a formula, wins the Dodge Weekly Series National Championship. For a more detailed account of the New Testament's development, see the relevant section of Biblical canon. In addition to the Nextel Cup, Busch Series and Craftsman Truck Series, NASCAR operates several other racing circuits. It is on the basis of these that nearly all modern translations or revisions of older translations have, for more than a century, been made, though some people, partly out of loyalty to the translations of the time of the Protestant Reformation, still prefer the Textus Receptus or the similar "Byzantine Majority Text". Which you can interact with your teammates.Instead of being by yourself. Later critical texts are based on further scholarly research and the finding of papyrus fragments dating in some cases from within a few decades of the composition of the New Testament writings.

In 2006 they came out with Total team contral. Karl Lachmann’s critical edition of 1831, based on manuscripts dating from the fourth century and earlier, was intended primarily to demonstrate that the Textus Receptus must finally be rejected. When the circut changed its name to Nextel Cup, the name of the game changed to NASCAR: Chase for the Cup. The discovery of older manuscripts, such as the Codex Sinaiticus and the Codex Vaticanus, led scholars to revise their opinion of this text. While the circuit was still called the Winston Cup, the game was called NASCAR Thunder. On it the Churches of the Protestant Reformation based their translations into vernacular languages, such as the King James Version. Every year, NASCAR and EA Sports team up to create a video game based on the Nextel Cup Series. The type of text printed in this edition and in those of Erasmus became known as the Textus Receptus (Latin for "received text"), a name given to it in the Elzevier edition of 1633, which termed it the text "nunc ab omnibus receptum" ("now received by all").

In the United Kingdom, television coverage is available on NASN (North American Sports Network), a subscription channel on satellite. The first edition with critical apparatus (variant readings in manuscripts) was produced by the printer Robert Estienne of Paris in 1550. MRN Radio broadcasts are also available (for a fee) via the web at NASCAR.com [4] (http://www.NASCAR.com). He produced four later editions of the text. Performance Racing Network, a subsidiary of Bruton Smith's Speedway Motorsports, airs ten Cup races and nine Busch races, and the Indianapolis Motor Speedway's network carries the Brickyard 400. It was compiled by Desiderius Erasmus on the basis of the few recent Greek manuscripts, all of Byzantine tradition, at his disposal, which he completed by translating from the Vulgate parts for which he did not have a Greek text. can be found here:[3] (http://www.racingone.com/mrn/stationaffiliates.asp). The earliest printed edition of the New Testament in Greek appeared in 1516 from the Froben press.

A list of MRN Radio broadcast affiliates in the U.S. See Aramaic primacy. MRN Radio (Motor Racing Network), a subsidiary of NASCAR, holds the over-the-air broadcast radio rights of 25 Nextel Cup races, all truck races and 26 Busch Series races, as well as the Budweiser Shootout and Nextel All-Star Challenge. Of these, a small number accept the Syriac Peshitta as the original, while most take a more critical approach to reconstructing the original text. On February 23, 2005, NASCAR awarded the satellite radio contract to XM Radio's primary competitor Sirius Satellite Radio for exclusive satellite radio rights to the 2007 through 2011 racing seasons in exchange for $107 million dollars.[2] (http://money.cnn.com/2005/02/23/technology/sirius_nascar/). A few scholars believe that parts of the Greek New Testament are actually a translation of an Aramaic original. XM Radio currently holds the exclusive satellite radio broadcast rights for all NASCAR coverage through the end of the 2006 season. There are also several ancient versions in other languages, most important of which are the Syriac (including the Peshitta and the Diatessaron gospel harmony) and the Latin (both the Vetus Latina and the Vulgate).

Audio coverage of all Nextel Cup, Busch Series and the Craftsman Truck Series races is available in the United States on both satellite radio and regular over-the-air broadcast radio on both the AM and FM bands. Together they comprise the majority of New Testament manuscripts. Fox-owned Speed Channel carries the entire Craftsman Truck Series schedule. The three main textual traditions are sometimes called the Western text-type, the Alexandrian text-type, and Byzantine text-type. The current television contract was signed for eight years for FOX/FX and six years for NBC/TNT and is valued at $2.4 billion (US) [1] (http://www.forbes.com/2003/10/07/cx_pp_1007nascar.html). Most scholars believe that all of the New Testament was originally composed in Greek. The networks alternate coverage of the first and most famous race of the season, the Daytona 500, with Fox getting the odd years and NBC the even ones. This includes the deuterocanonical books, also revised by Jerome, and became the official translation of the Roman Catholic Church.

In the United States, television broadcast rights are split between FOX/FX and NBC/TNT, with FOX/FX airing the first half of the season and NBC/TNT airing the second half. Though he also translated Psalms from Hebrew, the earlier Septuagint-based version, slightly revised by him, is the text that was actually used in Church and is included in editions of the Vulgate. See the picture here. (http://www.nascar.com/2003/news/headlines/wc/03/16/carolina_400/finish.jpg). This translation became the basis of the Vulgate Latin translation. Craven came in ahead by .002 seconds after the drivers raced the last stretch with their cars touching each other. Jerome later took it on himself to make a completely new translation directly from the Hebrew of the Tanakh. The closest finish in NASCAR history was at Darlington Raceway between Ricky Craven and Kurt Busch on March 16, 2003. The ever-increasing number of variants in Latin manuscripts induced Pope Damasus, in 382, to commission his secretary, Saint Jerome, to produce a reliable and consistent text.

NASCAR racing has its share of great finishes. It was based on the Septuagint, and thus included books not in the Hebrew Bible. While one that has a tendency to slide the rear end out is said to be "loose", causing the back end of the car to slide around usually resulting in a car spinning out. These characteristics are also affected by tire stagger (tires of different circumference at different positions on the car, the right rear being largest to help effect left turns) and tire pressure (softer being "grippier"). The earliest Latin translation was the Old Latin text, or Vetus Latina, which, from internal evidence, seems to have been made by several authors over a period of time. A car that is difficult to turn in a corner is said to be "tight", causing the car to want to keep going up the track with the wheel turned all the way left. The Latin translations were historically the most important for the Church in the West, while the Greek-speaking East continued to use the Septuagint translation of the Old Testament and had no need to translate the New Testament. The automobiles' suspension, brakes, and aerodynamic components are also selected to tailor the cars to different racetracks. The adjustment of front and rear aerodynamic downforce, spring rates, rear track bar geometry, and brake proportioning are critical to the cornering characteristics of the cars. Translations were made into Syriac, Coptic and Latin, among other languages.

However, significant engine development has allowed these engines to reach exceedingly high levels of power with essentially 1950s technology. Early Christians produced translations of the Hebrew Bible into several languages; their primary Biblical text was the Septuagint. The engines are limited to 355 cubic inches (5.8 L), with cast iron blocks, one camshaft and a pushrod valvetrain. They frequently expanded on the text with additional details taken from Rabbinic oral tradition. The cars are high-powered, low-tech hot rods with a roll cage chassis and thin sheet metal covering, and are powered by carbureted engines with 4 speed manual transmissions. The Jews also produced non-literal translations or paraphrases known as targums, primarily in Aramaic. In the Craftsman Truck Series, the Chevrolet Silverado, the Dodge Ram and the Ford F150, as well as the only non-American brand, the Toyota Tundra namesakes are used. While there are no complete surviving manuscripts of the Hebrew texts on which the Septuagint was based, many scholars believe that they represent a different textual tradition from the one that eventually became the basis for the Masoretic texts.

A fourth model, the Pontiac Grand Prix, was used until it was retired in 2004, when Pontiac ended its sponsorship with NASCAR. Recent discoveries have shown that more of the Septuagint additions have a Hebrew origin than was once thought. While the manufacturers and models of automobiles for Nextel Cup and Busch Series racing are named for production cars (Dodge Charger, Chevrolet Monte Carlo, and Ford Taurus, with the Fusion replacing the Taurus for 2006), the similarities between Nextel Cup cars and actual production cars are limited to some shaping of the nose and grill areas. In some cases these additions were originally composed in Greek, while in other cases they are translations of Hebrew books or variants not present in the Masoretic text. The winner of this twisty road course event was defending series champion, Martin Truex Jr.. Versions of the Septuagint contain several passages and whole books additional to what was included in the Masoretic texts of the Tanakh. On March 6, 2005 the first ever NASCAR points-paying race outside of the United States was held for the minor league NASCAR Busch Series at the Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez racetrack in Mexico City. The most important of the translations into Greek was the Septuagint version of the Torah and of other books linked with it, but other Greek translations were made as well.

This exhibition race was won by Rusty Wallace. By the year 1, most Jews no longer spoke Hebrew as a vernacular, but instead spoke Greek or Aramaic; so they made translations or paraphrases into these languages. In 1996, NASCAR went to Japan for Suzuka NASCAR Thunder 100 at Suzuka Circuitland in Suzuka City on November 24, 1996. In antiquity other variant readings existed, some of which have survived in the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea scrolls, and other ancient fragments, as well as being attested in ancient versions in other languages. He completed 55 laps before crashing, while father Lee won the 100-lap feature. This sometimes required the selection of an interpretation, since words can differ only in their vowels, and thus the meaning can vary in accordance with the choice of vowels to insert. On July 18, 1958, Richard Petty made his premiership debut in a race at Toronto at the Canadian National Exhibition Grounds. The Masoretes also added vowel points (called niqqud) to the text, since the original text only contained consonants.

The first NASCAR competition held outside of the United States was in Canada, where on July 1, 1952, Buddy Shuman won a 200-lap race on a half-mile (800 m) dirt track in Stamford Park, ON, near Niagara Falls. From the 800s to the 1400s, rabbinic Jewish scholars known as the Masoretes compared the text of all known Biblical manuscripts in an effort to create a unified standardized text; a series of highly similar texts eventually emerged, and any of these texts are known as Masoretic Texts (MT). The closest European equivalent is touring car racing, although the European circuits are on road courses. The original texts of the Tanakh were in Hebrew, with some portions (notably in Daniel and Ezra) in Aramaic. Unrestricted, NASCAR cars run at over 800 horsepower (600 kW). In addition to the Torah, the Jewish scriptures include the Nevi'im ("prophets") and the Ketuvim ("writings"), the combined tripartite collection being designated by the Hebrew acronym "Tanakh". While Atlanta Motor Speedway, is generally considered the fastest track where restrictor plates are not mandated, in 2004 and 2005 higher qualifying speeds were posted at Texas Motor Speedway, earning it the title of the circuits fastest track. Today, many believe, in line with what is called the documentary hypothesis, that the present form of the Torah is due to a redactor bringing together several earlier distinct sources.

As a safety measure to reduce speeds at the two fastest tracks (Daytona and Talladega), a restrictor plate must be placed between the carburetor and intake manifold to restrict air and fuel flow and, therefore, power. They are written in Hebrew and are also called the "Books of Moses", being traditionally attributed to the lawgiver Moses himself. Tracks between 1 and 2 miles in length are called "intermediate" tracks. The oldest books of the Bible are those of the Pentateuch, also known as the Torah. Tracks on todays standards are now considered superspeedways if they are over 2 miles (3 km) in length. Main article: Tanakh. Initially tracks of over one mile were referred to as "superspeedways", but many NASCAR venues now are 1.5 miles or 2 miles (2.4 or 3 km) in length. Information about Bible versions is given below, while Bible translations can be found on a separate page.

Generally, tracks with a length of less than one mile (1.6 km) are referred to as "short tracks". In scholarly writing, ancient translations are frequently referred to as 'versions', with the term 'translation' being reserved for medieval or modern translations. The average speed is figured out based upon the winner's lap speeds throughout the entire races including laps spent under caution. Canonicity is distinct from questions of human authorship and the formation of the books of the Bible, questions discussed in the entries on higher criticism and textual criticism. The slowest tracks are Infineon Raceway, a road course, with a record race average speed of only 81 mph (130 km/h) and qualifying lap of 99 mph (159 km/h); and Martinsville Speedway, a very short, nearly flat "paper clip" oval, with a record race average speed of 82 mph (132 km/h) and a qualifying lap of only 97 mph (156 km/h). For a history of the canon, see Biblical Canon. The fastest track is Talladega Superspeedway where the record race average speed is 188 mph (303 km/h) with the record qualifying lap of 212.809 mph (342.483 km/h) set by Bill Elliott. For details, see Books of the Bible.

Race speeds vary widely based on the track. The Protestant Old Testament has a 39-book canon– the number varies from that of the books in the Tanakh because of a different way of dividing them – while the Roman Catholic Church recognizes 46 books as part of the Old Testament. Two courses (Sonoma and Watkins Glen) are complex shaped road courses. As indicated above, Christianity also mostly considers certain deuterocanonical books to be part of the Old Testament, though Protestantism in general accepts as part of the Old Testament only the books in the canon of Judaism and uses the term Apocrypha for the deuterocanonical books. Courses also differ in degree of banking on the curves, with differences in degree of banking and course length contributing to different top speeds on various courses. To the books accepted by Judaism as Scripture, Christianity subsequently added those of the New Testament, the 27-book canon of which was finally fixed in the 4th century. Other configurations are quad-oval, oval with unequal ends (Darlington), and triangular (Pocono Raceway in Pennsylvania). For Judaism, it is commonly thought that the canonical status of some books was discussed between 200 BCE and around 100 CE, though it is unclear at what point during this period the Jewish canon was decided.

While some tracks are ovals, many are tri-ovals. The New Testament is a collection of 27 books, written in Koine Greek in the early Christian period, that almost all Christians recognize as Scripture: the four Gospels, the Acts of the Apostles, Letters of Saint Paul and others, and the Book of Revelation. Oval tracks vary in length from 0.526 miles (847 m) (Martinsville Speedway) to 2.66 miles (4280 m) (Talladega Superspeedway). Protestants in general do not recognize these books as truly part of the Bible, though they may print them along with the books they do recognize. NASCAR races are not conducted on identical tracks. Various Orthodox Churches include a few others, typically 3 Maccabees, Psalm 151, 1 Esdras, Odes, Psalms of Solomon, and occasionally even 4 Maccabees. When the checkered flag dropped on the Ford 400 at Homestead-Miami Speedway(the last race of the 2004 season), Kurt Busch won the championship by a mere eight points over Jimmie Johnson. The Roman Catholic Church recognizes seven such books (Tobit, Judith, 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees, Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach (Ecclesiasticus), and Baruch), as well as some passages in Esther and Daniel, that are not included in the Jewish Scriptures.

As part of bringing attention to NASCAR during the busiest part of the sports calendar in the United States with the climax toward Major League Baseball's World Series, the start of the college and NFL seasons and later, the onset of the NBA and NHL seasons (the 2004-05 NHL schedule was never played due to a labor impasse between the league's owners and players union), it was decided that the top ten point earners would participate in a ten-race "playoff" called "The Chase for the Nextel Cup" as points earned through the first 26 races (the Chevy Rock & Roll 400 was the last "regular season" race) would decide the ten drivers who would compete for the championship, as well as anyone within 400 points of the leader. The collection of books that the great majority of Christians (including members of the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox Churches) call the Old Testament include not only the 24 books of the Jewish Tanakh, but also certain deuterocanonical books preserved in the Greek of the Septuagint. In 2004, Nextel took over sponsorship of the premiere series from RJR after the Federal Government cracked down on tobacco advertising, renaming it the Nextel Cup Series. (For more information, see the entry on Bible translations). Now, their standing in championship points became an important factor. They also sometimes adopt variants that appear in texts discovered among the Dead Sea Scrolls. Previously, drivers were mostly concerned about winning individual races. Some modern Western translations make use of the Septuagint to clarify passages in the Masoretic Text that seem to have suffered corruption in transcription.

The purse awarded for championship points accumulated over the course of the season began to be significant. In Eastern Christianity, translations based on the Septuagint still prevail. The beginning of the modern era, which NASCAR defines as 1971, also brought a change in the competitive structure. It differs somewhat from the Hebrew text as standardized later (Masoretic Text), and was generally abandoned, in favour of the latter, as the basis for translations into Western languages from Saint Jerome 's Vulgate to the present day. This underlined the drama and emotion of the sport and increased its broadcast marketability. This translation became known as the Septuagint and was widely used by Greek-speaking Jews and, later, by Christians. The leaders going into the last lap, Cale Yarborough and Donnie Allison, wrecked on the backstretch while dicing for the lead, and Richard Petty passed to win. Immediately, Yarborough, Allison, and Allison's brother Bobby were engaged in a fistfight—on national television. Some time in the 3rd century BCE, the Torah was translated into Koine Greek, and over the next century other books were translated as well.

Finally, in 1979, the Daytona 500 became the first stock car race that was nationally televised from flag to flag on CBS. Although the Tanakh was mainly written in Biblical Hebrew, it has some portions in Biblical Aramaic. In the mid-1970s some races began to get partial television coverage, frequently on the ABC sports variety show, Wide World of Sports. The term Tanakh is a Hebrew acronym formed from these three names. The next division down, called Late Model Sportsman, gained the "Grand National" title passed down from the top division and soon found a sponsor in Busch Beer. The Tanakh consists of the five books of Moses (known as the Torah or Pentateuch), a section called "Prophets" (Nevi'im), and a third section called "Writings" (Ketuvim or Hagiographa). The "Winston Cup" became the top competitive series, with a new points system and some significant cash benefits to competing for championship points. The Hebrew Bible (also know as the Jewish Bible, or Tanakh in Hebrew) consists of 24 books, and to a large extent overlaps with the contents of the Old Testament of Christianity, but with the books differently ordered.

Reynolds tobacco (tobacco companies had been banned from television advertising and were looking for a promotional outlet). As the original meaning of the word indicates, the Jewish and Christian Bibles are actually collections of several books, considered to be inspired by God or to record God's relationship with humanity or a particular nation. The top series found sponsorship from R.J.
. NASCAR made major changes in its structure in the early 1970s. The word "bible" (in lower case) is also used to refer to any tome which incorporates comprehensive coverage of its subject. An exception was Riverside Raceway, in Riverside, California; because of the travel distances involved, it traditionally either started the Grand National season, or ended it. In the early years after the publication of the Book of Mormon in 1830, it was sometimes known as the "Golden Bible".

Many of the venues were county fairgrounds or local tracks that hosted local racing on Saturday night when the touring stars were not in town. Although most often used of Jewish and Christian scriptures, "Bible" is sometimes used to describe scriptures of other faiths. Thus the Guru Granth Sahib is often referred to as the "Sikh Bible". Almost all the races were held in southeastern U.S., because the economics of traveling with racecars, parts and mechanics demanded it. The Age of Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution in Europe and America brought skepticism regarding the historical events in the Bible, particularly those attributed to divine intervention; however, the ontological and normative teachings of the Bible remain at the center of Western culture. Although stock racing did not have much following outside the Southeast, people like Lee Petty, Curtis Turner, Fireball Roberts, Smokey Yunick and Junior Johnson became well known within the racing world. The Bible's wide distribution and use by Jews and Christians as a "handbook" for living has extended its influence beyond religion, to language and law and, until the modern era, also informed the natural philosophy of mainstream Western Civilization. The teams became full-time jobs for the top drivers and owners. Approximately 60 million copies, or portions thereof, are distributed annually.

At various times Ford Motor Company (Ford and Mercury), General Motors (Chevrolet and Pontiac), and Chrysler (Dodge, Chrysler, and Plymouth), all supported factory teams, openly and sometimes covertly when they pretended "not to be involved in racing". It is available, in whole or in part, in the language of 90% of the world's population. The sport began to attract more attention through the 1950s as manufacturers realized the opportunity to promote sales through racing. The complete Bible, or portions of it, have been translated into more than 2,100 languages. The famous Daytona, Florida race used a two mile (3 km) stretch of the beach as one straightaway and the beachfront highway as the other, prior to the construction in 1959 of the Daytona International Speedway, a 2.5 mile (4 km) high-banked track that became the icon of the sport. It has also been translated more times, and into more languages, than any other book. This track, at 1.38 miles (2220 m), was wider, faster, and higher-banked than the racers had seen. The Bible has been the most widely distributed of books.

However, the first "superspeedway" was built in Darlington, South Carolina in 1950. It is thus applied to sacred scriptures. Most races were on half-mile to one mile (800 to 1600 m) oval tracks. The Bible (from Greek (τα) βιβλια, (ta) biblia, "(the) books", plural of βιβλιον, biblion, "book", originally a diminutive of βιβλος, biblos, which in turn is derived from βυβλος—byblos, meaning "papyrus", from the ancient Phoenician city of Byblos which exported this writing material), is the classical name for the Hebrew Bible of Judaism or the combination of the Old Testament and New Testament of Christianity. However, over a period of about a dozen years, modifications for both safety and performance were allowed, and by the mid-1960s the vehicles were purpose-built racecars with a stock-appearing body. This division was renamed "Grand National" in 1950.

Initially the cars were known as the "Strictly Stock" Division and raced with virtually no modifications from the factory models. (This is not the same speedway as Lowe's Motor Speedway that is near Charlotte). The first NASCAR race ever was held at the old Charlotte Speedway in North Carolina on June 19, 1949. This led to the formation of NASCAR in 1948.

In 1947, he decided that this racing would not grow without a formal sanctioning organization, standardized rules, a regular schedule, and an organized championship. had the notion that people would enjoy watching unmodified, "stock" cars racing and promoted a few races before WW II. William France, Sr. Most races in those days were of "modified" cars, street vehicles which were lightened and reinforced.

These races were popular entertainment in the rural South, and they are most closely associated with the Wilkes County region of North Carolina. It was a logical step for the owners of these cars to race them. The drivers would modify their cars in order to create a faster more maneuverable car. Many early racing drivers were involved in bootlegging, the illegal transportation of alcohol.

The majority of NASCAR drivers maintain their primary residences near Charlotte. Michigan, Kentucky, Alabama, Virginia and Tennessee also host teams. Specifically, 82 % of Nextel Cup teams, 72 % of Busch Series teams, and 55 % of Craftsman Truck Series teams are based in North Carolina. Cities in North Carolina that are home to NASCAR teams include: Charlotte, Wilkesboro, Mooresville, Concord, Statesville, Huntersville, Welcome, Kernersville, Randleman, Greensboro, and High Point.

The majority of NASCAR teams are located in or near the Charlotte-metro area. However, North Carolina has been deemed "NASCAR Valley" as 73 % of all American motorsports employees work in North Carolina (this includes other motorsports series such as CART and ARCA). NASCAR's headquarters are located in Daytona Beach, Florida, although it also maintains many offices in and near Charlotte, North Carolina, New York City, Los Angeles, and Arkansas. Despite its regional beginnings as Southern entertainment, NASCAR is now the second most popular professional spectator sport in the entire U.S., behind only the National Football League.

The three largest racing series sanctioned by NASCAR are the Nextel Cup, Busch Series and the Craftsman Truck Series. Officially incorporated on February 21, its purpose was to organize and promote the sport of stock car racing. and Ed Otto in 1948 in the USA. It was co-founded by William France Sr.

The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) is the largest sanctioning body of motorsports in the United States. NASCAR Realignment. Stock car racing. NASCAR Championship.

List of current NASCAR races. List of NASCAR race tracks. List of NASCAR drivers. 2005 in NASCAR.