Minnesota

Paul metropolitan area). See also:Philadelphia in film and television. In recent years, new immigrants have added new religions to Minnesota, and there are now Islamic mosques, Buddhist temples, and Hindu mandirs in the state (many in the Minneapolis-St. cities with teams from four major sports. Nearly 35% of Minnesotans identify themselves as Lutherans. See also: U.S. The largest Protestant denomination in the state is Lutheranism and the largest religious body in the state is the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. The Wachovia Spectrum is now home to the Flyers' top farm team, the Phantoms and the Major League Indoor soccer team, the Kixx.

64% of Minnesotans are Protestant (mostly mainline Protestant), although there are also a large number of Roman Catholics (about 25% of the population). The Sixers and Flyers share the Wachovia Center with the Soul and Wings. The population distribution by age is (Northeast Midwest Institute):. "The Park," "The Zit," "The Vault" or in a Freudian error, "The Vet", from the Eagles' and Phillies' last home, Veterans Stadium). More recent immigrant communities include the third-largest Hmong population in the United States (from the Laos/Cambodia/Vietnam region) and the largest urban center of Hmong population in the world, and a large presence of people from Somalia. The Phillies now play in Citizens Bank Park (a.k.a. More than 8 out of 10 whites in Minnesota are of German or Scandinavian descent. The Eagles now play at Lincoln Financial Field (informally known as "The Linc").

Minnesotans traditionally count themselves as of Nordic descent (approximately 1.5 million people, 30% of the population, claim Danish, Finnish, Norwegian or Swedish ancestry), though more families originated in Germany (approximately 2 million people, 40% of the population). The Eagles, Phillies, Flyers and 76ers have each recently had a new stadium built for them. The racial makeup of the state is:. The city's original NFL team was the Frankford Yellow Jackets (Frankford being a section of the city located in the northeastern part of town); the club disbanded during the 1931 football season, then re-emerged under the same ownership two years later as the Philadelphia Eagles. Most of the state's population is centered in the Twin Cities metropolitan area. In the past Philadelphia has also been home to the Philadelphia Athletics (MLB, now the Oakland Athletics), and the Philadelphia Warriors (NBA, now the Golden State Warriors). 5.3% of the people who live in Minnesota are foreign-born (compared to 11.1% for the nation). The Philadelphia Barrage (Major League Lacrosse, lacrosse) plays at the stadium of Villanova University, which is located in Villanova.

The state population, as of 2003, was 5,059,375 (1.75% of the total national population), with a growth rate of 12.4% in the last 10 years (compared to 13.1% for the nation). Some locals half-jokingly attribute this to the Curse of Billy Penn. Paul, Bloomington, and Edina). Of late Philadelphia teams have been performing well, but frequently missing championships by failing during the crucial stages. The "retail capital" of the state is probably the Twin Cities suburb of Roseville, which recorded $14,870 per capita (though it is easily outstripped in total revenue by Minneapolis, St. Philadelphia sports fans have a reputation of being devoted to their teams in good times and bad. Census Bureau). Philadelphia has a long and proud history of professional sports teams.

average of $9,190 (U.S. The Free Library of Philadelphia. Retail sales per capita were $10,260 in 1997, higher than the U.S. Colleges and universities near Philadelphia include. The Gross State Product was just under $173 billion in 1999 (Northeast Midwest Institute), with approximately $17.5 billion in exports in 2000. All schools in the district are required to have a school uniform or a similar dress code. Minnesota businesses and individuals paid an average of 11.8% of their income in state and local taxes in 1998, down from 12.7% in 1996 (Minnesota Department of Revenue). All of Philadelphia is served by the School District of Philadelphia.

The state does not charge sales tax on clothing, services (massages, haircuts, auto work, etc), or non-prepared food items. WPLY 100.3FM had formerly been a purely Philadelphia-based alternative rock station, but its format was changed to hip hop in early 2005. It has an income and sales tax, as well as levying taxes on a common range of goods such as tobacco, gasoline, and alcohol. In 2005, Philadelphia became the largest city in the United States without a modern rock-format radio station, in part because of the difficulty such a station has in gaining market share from WMMR and WYSP. Minnesota is regarded as a high-tax state by some. Philadelphia is home to some of the country's most prominent radio stations, including two of the nation's leading rock stations, WMMR at 93.3FM and WYSP at 94.1FM. Both stations have been breakthrough stations for many contemporary rock bands, and both are widely known in the rock music community for their influence in impacting the country's rock music trends. However, water- and rail-borne traffic has been declining steadily over the years. Famed comedian Bill Cosby was born and raised in Philadelphia.

The state has been a major influence in the area of transportation, moving products along the Mississippi River, in and out of the inland seaport of Duluth, along railroads that criss-cross the state, via highways with trucking and busing companies, and through the air with a major airline hub. Its cultural diversity is reflected in the music and musicians that have come from or through Philadelphia: the R&B styles of Jill Scott and Patti LaBelle, the jazz of Grover Washington Jr., Stan Getz, and Sun Ra, the rock of Pink, the rap of Will Smith, and the opera of Marian Anderson. As of January 2005, the state is the country's fourth-largest wind energy producer after California, Texas, and Iowa, with 615 megawatts installed and 213 MW planned [1] (http://www.awea.org/projects/). Philadelphia has been home to many people of note, the most famous of whom is probably Ben Franklin, who along with the others in the Continental Congresses helped shape the city along with the country and the world. Many farmers also now operate wind turbines to produce electricity, particularly in the windy southwest region. For a list of famous past and present resident of Philadelphia, see: List of people from Philadelphia. If production capacity meets the need, 2% biodiesel will be required in diesel fuel in 2005. The "Italian Market" section of South Philadelphia is home to an increasing number of Vietnamese residents.

state with such a mandate). Philadelphia has a large Italian American population along with Irish-Americans, Asian-Americans, African Americans, and growing numbers of Hispanic residents and émigrés from Russia and Asian countries. A fair amount of ethanol alcohol fuel is produced in the state, and a 10% mix of ethanol into consumer gasoline has been mandated since 1997 (as of 2004, Minnesota is the only U.S. Distinctive Philadelphian dishes include:. Additionally, northern Minnesota is a source for iron ore and wood products, though these are both declining industries. The following railroads, almost all radiating from downtown, were built in the mid-19th century:. A large proportion of the state's economy is still agricultural, even though only a small percentage of the population (around 2%) consider themselves to be farmers. Philadelphia was an early railroad hub.

The largest shopping mall in the United States, the Mall of America, is located in Bloomington. Other planned freeways have been cancelled, such as an Interstate 695 running southwest from downtown and a freeway upgrade of Roosevelt Boulevard. The city of Rochester is the headquarters of the Mayo Clinic, and has a significant manufacturing presence in International Business Machines. Shortly after it was completed, though, it became one of the busiest corridors in the region. and Honeywell. The construction of 476 between 76 and 95 took much longer than expected due to community opposition and stubborn landowners. Bancorp, Thrivent Financial for Lutherans (formerly Lutheran Brotherhood), Medtronic, Cray Computers, Imation, and a regional headquarters of Wells Fargo & Co., Caterpillar_Inc. The stretch of 476 between 95 and the toll portion of 476 (running North from the Mid-County Interchange at Plymouth Meeting) is referred to locally as "The Blue Route," because regional planners drew a blue line right through Montgomery and Delaware Counties to suggest where a road ought to be built.

(formerly Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co.), Northwest Airlines, Target Corporation, U.S. Opened in the early 1990s, the Northeast Extension (276 & 476) connects highways south of Philly International Airport to ones north of the city. The Twin Cities are home to a diverse range of major businesses, including 3M Co. The Tacony-Palmyra Bridge connects PA 73 with NJ 73, and is maintained by the Burlington County Bridge Commission. In general, salaries are lowest in more rural areas, particularly in the northwest portion of the state. The Delaware River Port Authority operates three bridges in Philadelphia over the Delaware River to New Jersey: the Walt Whitman Bridge (I-76), the Benjamin Franklin Bridge (I-676 and US 30), and the Betsy Ross Bridge (NJ 90). The county averages range from $17,369 (Todd County) to $42,313 (Hennepin County, a portion of the Metro area). Plans to extend the highway west into the suburbs were killed by community opposition.

Census Bureau). The Woodhaven Expressway (PA 63), serving the neighborhood of Northeast Philadelphia, runs between Interstate 95 and Roosevelt Boulevard (US 1). The average household income in 1999 was approximately $48,000, ranking eighth in the nation (U.S. In recent years, it has become a traffic bottleneck and includes the #2 and #3 worst intersections in the country about a mile from each other, according to a study by State Farm Insurance. Per capita personal income in 2003 was $34,031, 10^th in the nation. The boulevard was built for the Lincoln Highway as part of the City Beautiful movement. The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that Minnesota's total state product in 2003 was $211 billion. Roosevelt Boulevard and the Roosevelt Expressway (US 1) connects Northeast Philadelphia with Center City.

The average annual precipitation is 28.32 inches (719 mm), with a snowfall figure of 49.6 inches (126 cm). A link between I-95 and I-76, it runs beneath street level through Center City, and connects to the Ben Franklin Bridge at its east end. The average temperature in January (the coldest month) is 11.2 °F (−11.5 °C), and the average in the warmest month of July is 73.1 °F (22.8 °C); averages are cooler in the north and warmer in the south. Interstate 676, the Vine Street Expressway, was completed in 1991 after years of planning. A record high of 114 °F (45.5 °C) was reached in both 1917 and 1936. It meets the Pennsylvania Turnpike at King of Prussia and provides access to Harrisburg and points west. Additionally, as part of the Great Plains region, the state also experiences warm summers. The city is also served by Interstate 76 (the Schuylkill Expressway), which runs along the Schuylkill River.

Surprisingly, due to the flows of the jet stream, parts of Alaska often see relatively warm temperatures when Minnesota is experiencing extreme cold. Interstate 95 runs through the city along the Delaware River, providing transportation from Florida to Maine. The state is famously cold in the winters, with a record low of −60 °F (−51 °C) measured at Tower, MN on February 2, 1996. Philadelphia International Airport provides domestic and international scheduled air service, while Northeast Philadelphia Airport serves general and corporate aviation. Temperatures can reach extremes in Minnesota. Two airports, Philadelphia International Airport and Northeast Philadelphia Airport, reside within the city limits (Philadelphia International also lies in the city limits of Tinicum Township, Delaware County). The biggest event in the last century occurred near Morris in 1975 and rated between 4.6 and 4.8 in magnitude. PATCO provides subway service to Camden, Collingswood, Haddonfield, Cherry Hill, Ashland, and Lindenwold, New Jersey, from stations on Locust Street between 16th and 15th, 13th and 12th, and 10th and 9th Streets, and on Market Street at 8th Street.

Aside from a few very minor earthquakes, Minnesota is one of the most geologically-stable regions in the country. Amtrak's 30th Street Station is a major railroad facility which offers access to Amtrak, SEPTA, and NJ Transit rail lines. The state's average elevation is 1,200 feet (366 m), with a high point at Eagle Mountain (2,301 ft or 701 m) and a low at the surface of Lake Superior (602 ft or 183 m). Philadelphia lies directly on Amtrak's Northeast Corridor. Cloud, Mankato, Rochester (home of the world-famous Mayo Clinic), and Bloomington (home to the Mall of America). Philadelphia is served by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, or SEPTA. SEPTA runs buses, trains, subways, trolleys, and trackless trolleys around Philadelphia and into the suburbs. Other prominent cities include Duluth, St. Out of the total population, 31.3% of those under the age of 18 and 16.9% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Together (and with surrounding suburbs), they are known as the Twin Cities. 22.9% of the population and 18.4% of families are below the poverty line. Paul, which sits on the Mississippi River next to Minnesota's largest city, Minneapolis. The per capita income for the city is $16,509. The capital is St. Males have a median income of $34,199 versus $28,477 for females. Traversing the state from southwest to northeast goes through the three different ecological regions. The median income for a household in the city is $30,746, and the median income for a family is $37,036.

Minnesota sits at a convergence point between three of the great biomes of North America: the Great Plains of the west, the Eastern Deciduous Forest, and the Northern Boreal Forest of Canada. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 81.8 males. Minnesota is the northernmost of the 48 contiguous states (Alaska reaches significantly farther north), reaching to 49° 23' 04" north latitude, due to a small piece of the state known as the Northwest Angle. For every 100 females there are 86.8 males. In addition, Minnesota shares a water boundary with Michigan. The median age is 34 years. The state is bordered on the north by Canada (Manitoba and Ontario), on the east by Wisconsin and Lake Superior, on the south by Iowa, and on the west by North Dakota and South Dakota. In the city the population is spread out with 25.3% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who are 65 years of age or older.

Although the high-grade iron ore was mostly mined out during World War II, taconite is still mined across the Iron Range. The average household size is 2.48 and the average family size is 3.22. It is called the Iron Range because when discovered, it had some of the largest deposits of iron ore in the country. 33.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. This is a range of low mountains that run across the northern part of the state. Of the 590,071 households, 27.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.1% are married couples living together, 22.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 40.3% are non-families. After its rivers and lakes, Minnesota's most prominent physical feature is the Iron Range. The ethnic makeup of the city is 43.2% Black, 13.6% Irish, 9.2% Italian, 8.1% German, 6.4% Puerto Rican, and 4.3% Polish.

Minnesota is home to many areas of park land, to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCA), as well as a number of state and county parks, most notably Itasca State Park, the official source of the Mississippi River. 8.50% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. The Minnesota portion of Lake Superior is the largest body of water in the state. The racial makeup of the city is 45.02% White, 43.22% African American, 0.27% Native American, 4.46% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 4.77% from other races, and 2.21% from two or more races. In addition, the Iron Range and other low mountains are found in the northeastern part of the state. There are 661,958 housing units at an average density of 1,891.9/km² (4,900.1/mi²). However, the extreme southeastern portion of the state is part of the Driftless Area, which was not glaciated, and it is here that Lake Pepin and the rugged high bluffs of the Mississippi River are found. The population density is 4,337.3/km² (11,233.6/mi²).

Much of the state is flat, having been eroded during repeated glacial periods (most recently the Wisconsin Glacier). As of the census² of 2000, there are 1,517,550 people, 590,071 households, and 352,272 families residing in the city. It is famous for its lakes, having in excess of 15,000, depending on the source of the count. For a more extensive list of Philadelphia neighborhoods, see List of Philadelphia neighborhoods. Minnesota covers 79,610 square miles (2.25% of the United States). These include Andorra, Roxborough, Northern Liberties, Old City, Bustleton, Oxford Circle, Somerton, Manayunk, Center City, Queen Village, Kensington, Frankford, University City, Strawberry Mansion, Chestnut Hill, Fishtown, Port Richmond, Germantown, Mount Airy, Wynnefield, Chinatown, Fox Chase, South Philly, Society Hill, the Museum District and many others. See: List of Minnesota counties. Many of these neighborhoods coincide with the borough and townships that made up Philadelphia County before their absorbtion by the city.

External links: Hyperlinked state constitution (http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/cco/rules/mncon/preamble.htm), full text of state constitution (http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/cco/rules/mncon/mncon.htm). Like every big city, Philadelphia has many neighborhoods, each of which has its own identity. See also: List of political parties in Minnesota. Bodies of water include the Schuylkill River, Cobbs Creek, Wissahickon Creek, and Pennypack Creek. Some actions in the Twin Cities metropolitan area are coordinated by the Metropolitan Council, and many lakes and rivers are overseen by watershed districts and soil and water conservation districts. The total area is 5.29% water. In addition to the standard city and county levels of government found in the United States, Minnesota also has other entities that provide governmental oversight and planning. 349.9 km² (135.1 mi²) of it is land and 19.6 km² (7.6 mi²) of it is water.

Supreme Court in Washington, D.C.. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 369.4 km² (142.6 mi²). Appeals beyond this level go to the U.S. Philadelphia is located at 39°59'53" North, 75°8'41" West (39.998012, -75.144793)¹. Louis, Missouri. The city is also a national center of law due to the University of Pennsylvania's prestigious law school. Minnesota is part of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, which is based in St. Because of the large presence of the federal government, the city has a large contingent of law firms including the head quarters of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius, LLP-- a world-wide firm and federal contractor.

Paul, or Duluth. The east-coast operations of the United States Mint are based near the historic district, and the Federal Reserve Bank's Philadelphia division is based there as well. Federal cases are heard in the federal district courts in Minneapolis, St. The Federal government plays a large role in Philadelphia as well. The state has two special courts created by state law as executive-branch agencies:. The list of major companies in Philadelphia includes Aramark, GlaxoSmithKline, Sunoco, Comcast, and Pep Boys. Minnesota's court system has three levels:. Philadelphia has its own stock exchange.

The Minnesota Senate is controlled by the DFL by five seats and there is one Independence Party state senator, former Republican Sheila Kiscaden (IP-Rochester) who seats with the DFL. Philadelphia's economy is heavily based upon manufacturing, refining, food, and financial services. In the November 2004 election, the Republican Party retained control of the Minnesota House of Representatives by a single seat, having lost a total of 13 seats. Judges for all of the above courts are elected at large. The state has 67 districts, each covering about 60,000 people. Each district has one senator and two representatives (each district being divided into A and B subsections). Senators serve for four years, and representatives serve for two years. Also, the Superior Court of Pennsylvania and the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania sit in Philadelphia several times a year. The Minnesota State Legislature is a bicameral body consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. Pennsylvania's three appellate courts also sit in Philadelphia. The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, which is the court of last resort in the state, regularly hears arguments in Philadelphia City Hall.

The full list of governors, and the dates they took office, is available at List of Governors of Minnesota. Traffic Court is a court of special jurisdiction which hears violations of traffic laws. He has a cabinet consisting of the leaders of various government agencies in the state. The Philadelphia Municipal Court handles matters of limited jurisdiction as well as landlord-tenant disputes, appeals from traffic court, conducts preliminary examinations for felony-level offenses, and the like. The governor and lieutenant governor each have four-year terms. It is funded and operated largely by City resources and employees. The executive branch is headed by the Governor of Minnesota, currently Tim Pawlenty, a Republican, who started his term on January 6, 2003. The Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas, also known as the Court of Common Pleas for the First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, is the trial court of general jurisdiction for Philadelphia.

Like the national government of the United States, power is divided into three main branches: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. Verna. Political conservatism is less strongly linked to church attendance in Minnesota than in other parts of the country, perhaps a reflection of the strong mainline Protestant and Roman Catholic following. The current council president is Anna C. state. Philadelphia has seven council members at large, and ten council members from districts. presidential election, the highest of any U.S. The legislative branch of Philadelphia is the Philadelphia City Council.

77.3% of Minnesotans voted in the 2004 U.S. See also: List of mayors of Philadelphia. Minnesota politics include such oddities as Professional wrestler turned Governors and protestors turned crowd-surfing mayors. He was re-elected by a larger majority in 2003. Minnesota is known for active yet quirky politics, with populism being a long-standing force among all of the political parties that call the state home. The incumbent is former Philadelphia City Council President John Street (D), who was first elected in 1999. Environmentalism is shared by most state residents in one form or another, vegans and hunters alike. The city is headed by an elected mayor who is limited to two consecutive four-year terms, but can run for the position again after an intervening term.

Families frequently own or share cabins on central and northern tracts of land in forests and adjoining lakes, and weekend trips out to these properties are common. From a governmental perspective, Philadelphia County is a legal nullity, as all county functions were assumed by the city in 1952, which has been coterminous with the county since 1854. Unique activities include ice fishing, which was popular with the early Scandinavian immigrants. Prior to that, the city of Philadelphia consisted only of those areas between South Street, Vine Street, the Delaware River, and the Schuylkill River. Outdoor activities are major parts of the lives of many Minnesotans, including hunting and fishing. The city limits have been coterminous with Philadelphia County since 1854. Many modern immigrants are attracted by the state's historically strong commitments toward education and social services. The term "Downtown" refers to South Philadelphia.

Mexicans are a growing force, as they are across the U.S. The Central Business District is known as Center City, and is the third largest of its kind in America. Some Chinese and Japanese have had long presences in the state as well. David Rittenhouse was a clockmaker and friend of the American Revolution. Modern immigrants have come from all over the world in recent decades, with Hmong, Somali, Vietnamese, Indians, Middle Easterners, and the former Soviet bloc all being well-represented. William Rittenhouse's original paper mill site is known as Rittenhousetown, and is a delightful rural setting in Fairmount Park. The Métis people, a mixed French and Native American culture, were a presence in the early state and territorial days, but largely moved north into Canada. Rittenhouse Square is named after David Rittenhouse, a descendent of the first paper-maker in Philadelphia, the German immigrant William Rittenhouse.

Native Americans have a moderate presence in Minnesota, and some tribes operate casinos which have been said to be among the most profitable in the country. The earliest European exploration and settlement was by the French, and settlement from Scandinavian countries along with Germany followed. Since the completion of One Liberty Place, no Philadelphia sporting team has won a world championship event in its discipline, a phenomenon locally - and increasingly nationally - known as the "Curse of Billy Penn." There is also a Masonic Temple located only across the street from the City Hall, a legacy of the Founding Fathers and signers of the Declaration of Independence, many of whom were Freemasons. However, many cultures are slowly mixing together in the state today. One Liberty Place is the tallest building not only in Philadelphia but in the entire state of Pennsylvania, however in 2005 construction began on the Comcast Center which, when completed in 2007, will be 30 feet taller than One Liberty Place. Stereotypical Minnesotans are known for various attributes, including Lutheranism, "Minnesota nice", "hot dish", and sing-songy Scandinavian accents. Since then, seven other skyscrapers have been completed exceeding the statue, including One Liberty Place's little sister, Two Liberty Place. The eastern half of the territory of Minnesota became the country's 32nd state—after California—on May 11, 1858. However in March of 1987, One Liberty Place broke the gentlemen's agreement not to exceed the height of the statue of William Penn on the top of the City Hall.

Minnesota Territory was carved out of Iowa Territory on March 3, 1849, but it was not coextensive with the present state, since the area included what later became the territory of Dakota (which later still became the states of North Dakota and South Dakota). City Hall is the tallest masonry building in the world; and through the late 1980s, City Hall used to be locally known as the tallest building in Philadelphia. Parts were also considered to be in the Northwest Territory. Both are the same distance south of City Hall. Much of the state was purchased from France as part of the Louisiana Purchase, although the exact definition of that land was not assessed for many years afterward. The eastern edge of Rittenhouse Square is on 18th St., four blocks west of City Hall, while the western edge of Washington Square is between 7th and 8th, about six and a half blocks east of City Hall. It is now a historic site. He also planned five public parks, one at the intersection of High and Broad Streets in the very center of the city (now occupied by the City Hall) and four others (now called Washington Square, Rittenhouse Square, Logan Square and Franklin Square) surrounding it.

military presences in the state. The east-west streets, many of them named for trees, e.g., Chestnut, Walnut, Locust, and Spruce (These are laid out in increasing Hardness from the Soft-wood Pine in the South to the Hard-wood Chestnut in the North) parallel the main thoroughfare named High Street by Penn, but called Market Street since at least the early 18th century (six blocks south of the latter is South Street, noted in recent decades for its raucous night life and the subject of the 1963 hit single by The Orlons of the same name). Fort Snelling, located at the confluence of the Minnesota River and the Mississippi River, was one of the earliest U.S. The numbered streets then resume, continuing in the original plan to 28th at the Schuylkill River. Croix River, though many histories focus on the military settlement that took place farther west. The north-south streets are numbered sequentially from Front (instead of First), along the Delaware River, to 13th, followed by the main north-south thoroughfare, Broad Street (instead of 14th). Some say that the earliest European settlement was in the area of the current city of Stillwater, on the St. Penn's surveyor, Thomas Holme, laid out the city in a strict grid, with all streets running either north-south or east-west.

The evidence for this is largely based on the controversial Kensington Runestone, which most historians consider to be an elaborate hoax. In 1926, the city held the Sesquicentennial Exposition, but Philadelphia was not the central focus of the Bicentennial observances that took place nationwide in the United States in 1976 (New York City held this distinction, as thousands of "tall ships" gathered in New York Harbor on July 4, 1976, the 200th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence). According to local tradition, the first European visitors were Swedish and Norwegian Vikings in the 14th century. Memorial Hall and the expansive mall in front of it are remnants of this fair. In this time, the economy originally consisted of hunter-gatherer activities, which changed over time as Europeans settled in the area and further exploited the state's natural resources. In 1876 Philadelphia hosted the World's Fair known as the Centennial Exposition. The area now known as Minnesota was originally inhabited by Native Americans, in particular the Ojibwe (Chippewa, Anishinaabe) and Dakota, although the Winnebago also had a presence in the southeastern part of the state. The Pennsylvania Railroad, once America's largest railroad by revenue and traffic volume and at one time the largest public corporation in the world, was headquartered on Broad Street, as was its merger successor, the Penn Central.

Main article: History of Minnesota. An early railroad center, Philadelphia was the original home of the Baldwin Locomotive Works, the world's largest builder of steam locomotives (which relocated to nearby Eddystone, Pennsylvania). Other nicknames for the state include Land of 10,000 Lakes and the North Star State. Philadelphia served as the temporary capital for a decade, until 1800, when the Capitol building in the new Federal city of Washington, DC was opened. The USS Minnesota was named in honor of this state, as was the SS Gopher State. In exchange for locating a permanent capital on the banks of the Potomac River, the congressmen agreed to support Hamilton's financial proposals. The state is a major food producer for the country, and has a number of natural resources that have been greatly exploited in the last two centuries. In 1790, the seat of the United States Government was moved from Federal Hall in New York to Congress Hall in Philadelphia as the result of a compromise between a number of Southern congressmen and United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton.

More than half of the state's residents live there. For a time in the 18th century, Philadelphia was the largest city in the Americas north of Mexico City, and was the fourth largest city under Crown rule (after London, Bristol, and Dublin). The most significant metropolitan area is known as the Twin Cities, combining the state's most populous cities, Minneapolis and the capital of Saint Paul, along with multiple "rings" of suburbs. The Declaration of Independence and US Constitution were signed in the city's Independence Hall. Minnesota is the largest state by area in the Midwestern United States and is in the subregion known as the Upper Midwest. Philadelphia was a major center of the independence movement during the American Revolutionary War. The state's name is abbreviated MN or Minn.. Penn also required lots of alleyways and open spaces in hopes of controlling fires and disease (which were then common problems in London).

Its name is from the Dakota people's name for the Minnesota River, mini sota, variously translated "smoky-white water" or "sky-tinted water". This was intended to allow the city's population to leave the city easily. Minnesota is the 32nd state of the United States, having joined the Union on May 11, 1858. During early immigration by Quakers and others, when immigrants purchased land in the city, they also received farm land outside of the city. Steve Zahn. Penn hoped that the city, as the capital of his new colony founded on principles of freedom and religious tolerance, would be a model of this philosophy. Dave Winfield. The city's name means "city of brotherly love" in ancient Greek.

Roy Wilkins. Philadelphia is a planned city founded and developed by William Penn, a Quaker. DeWitt Wallace. In 1700, the group built the Gloria Dei Church, also known as Old Swedes. Jesse Ventura. A congregation was formed in 1646 on Tinicum Island by Swedish missionary Johannes Campanius. Cheryl Tiegs. In 1669, Swedish colonists became the first Europeans to settle the area (see New Sweden), calling it Wicoca.

Lea Thompson. Before Europeans arrived, the Delaware (Lenape) Indian town of Shackamaxon was located where Philadelphia now stands. Taylor. At that time, it eclipsed Boston and New York City in political and social importance, with Benjamin Franklin playing an extraordinary role in Philadelphia's rise.
. Glen A. During part of the 18th century, the city was the second capital and then-most populous city of the United States. Harold Stassen. It has played a critical role in American history and the birth of American independence and democracy.

Kevin Sorbo. Philadelphia is one of the oldest cities in the United States. Seann William Scott. Philadelphia is the central city for the Delaware Valley metropolitan area. Charles Schulz. The Philadelphia metropolitan area is the fourth largest nationally, with some 5.7 million people. Winona Ryder. However, later estimates showed that Philadelphia's population loss and Phoenix's population growth had both slowed, leaving the rankings unchanged for the present.

Marion Ross. A July 1, 2002 census estimate showed the population dropping modestly to 1,492,231, with Phoenix, Arizona surpassing the city proper as the 5th largest city in the United States. The Replacements. Philadelphia (sometimes referred to as "Philly" or "the City of Brotherly Love") is the fifth most populous city in the United States and the most populous city in the state of Pennsylvania, occupying all of Philadelphia County.⁶ As of the 2000 census, the population was 1,517,550. Prince. Indoor soccer: Philadelphia Kixx (Major Indoor Soccer League). Carl Pohlad. Indoor lacrosse: Philadelphia Wings (National Lacrosse League).

Mondale. Arena football: Philadelphia Soul (Arena Football League). Walter F. hockey: Philadelphia Flyers (National Hockey League), Philadelphia Phantoms (American Hockey League). Paul Molitor. Basketball: Philadelphia 76ers (National Basketball Association). Kevin McHale. Baseball: Philadelphia Phillies (Major League Baseball).

McCarthy. football: Philadelphia Eagles (National Football League). Eugene J. Delaware County Community College, Marple Township. Roger Maris. West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester. John Madden. University of Delaware, located just outside Pennsylvania in Newark, Delaware.

Lipps Inc. Widener University, Chester. Charles Lindbergh. Swarthmore College, Swarthmore. Sinclair Lewis. Villanova University, Villanova. Tom Lehman. Neumann College, Aston.

Jessica Lange. Haverford College, Haverford. Peter Krause. Rosemont College, Bryn Mawr. Craig Kilborn. Davids. Kellogg. Eastern University, located in St.

Frank B. Bryn Mawr College, located in Bryn Mawr. Garrison Keillor. Arcadia University, located in Glenside, Pennsylvania. Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis. Manor College, located in Jenkintown, Pennsylvania. Hüsker Dü. Bryn Athyn College of the New Church, located in Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania.

Humphrey. Temple University's Tyler School of Art, located in Elkin's Park, Pennsylvania. Hubert H. Temple University, located in Ambler, Pennsylvania. Josh Hartnett. Pennsylvania State University, located in Abington, Pennsylvania and Media, Pennsylvania. Terry Gilliam. Montgomery County Community College, located in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania.

Judy Garland. University of Pennsylvania. Al Franken. University of the Sciences in Philadelphia. Scott Fitzgerald. University of the Arts. F. Thomas Jefferson University.

Tammy Faye. Temple University. Bob Dylan. Saint Joseph's University. Morris Day. Philadelphia University. Rachel Leigh Cook. Philadelphia Community College.

Joel and Ethan Coen. Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. Warren Burger. Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Herb Brooks. La Salle University. Jessica Biel. Holy Family University.

Ann Bancroft. Drexel University. Richard Dean Anderson. Curtis Institute of Music. Louie Anderson. Chestnut Hill College. Loni Anderson. The Art Institute of Philadelphia.

Eddie Albert. The Resturant School. Father Jacques Marquette. Moore College of Art. Joseph Nicollet. Masterman high school. Henry Schoolcraft. Central High School.

Zebulon Pike. Philadelphia Auto Show. Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut. Philadelphia Flower Show. Father Louis Hennepin. The Wing Bowl, a chicken wing eating competition. Michel Aco. Patrick's Day Parade.

Nicknames – "Gopher State," "North Star State," "Land of 10,000 Lakes". Philadelphia St. State tree – Norway Pine. The Greek Picnic, a reunion and celebration of African-American college fraternities. State song – "Hail! Minnesota". The Mummers Parade, held every New Year's Day on Broad Street. State picture – Grace. For a traditional Philadelphia cheesesteak - Tony Luke's, Pat's Steaks, Geno's Steaks or Jim's Steaks (though cheesteaks can be found at most any corner pizza shop).

State mushroom – Morel (sponge mushroom; honeycomb morel). South Street. State muffin – Blueberry (adopted as part of a school project on how a bill becomes law). SEPTA Museum. State motto – L'Étoile du Nord (“Star of the North”). Rittenhouse Square. Territory Motto (actual) – Quo sursum velo videre (“I cover to see what is above” is the closest translation). Reading Terminal Market.

Territory Motto (intended) – Quae sursum volo videre (“I wish to see what is beyond”). Philadelphia Zoo. State grain – Wild rice. Penn's Landing. State gemstone – Lake Superior Agate. One Liberty Place. State flower – Pink and White Showy Lady Slipper. LOVE Park.

State fish – Walleye. Italian market. State drink – Milk. Gloria Dei National Historic Site, built in 1700, it is the oldest church in the state. State butterfly – Monarch. Fairmount Park. State bird – Loon. Elfreth's Alley.

65+ - 594,266 (12.1%). Eastern State Penitentiary. 35-64 - 1,894,747 (38.6%). Philadelphia City Hall. 19-34 - 1,068,850 (21.7%). Betsy Ross House. 0-18 - 1,361,616 (27.7%). 30th Street Station.

1.4% mixed race. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. 1.1% American Indian. Rosenbach Foundation & Rosenbach Museum. 2.9% Asian. Rodin Museum (largest collection of Auguste Rodin's works outside France). 2.9% Hispanic. Please Touch Museum.

3.5% Black. Philadelphia Museum of Art. 88.2% White. National Constitution Center. It has five judges appointed by the governor to six-year terms, following approval from the state Senate. Mütter Museum of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia (museum of medical and pathological oddities and curiosities). The Workers' Compensation Court of Appeals deals with cases involving worker injuries referred to it on appeal, or transferred from district court. Liberty Bell & Independence Hall.

It has three judges appointed by the governor to six-year terms, following approval from the state Senate. Franklin Institute. The Tax Court deals with non-criminal tax cases across the state. Fort Mifflin. The court automatically reviews first-degree murder convictions, and settles disputes over legislative elections. Fairmount Waterworks and its interpretive center. The seven justices on the Supreme Court hear appeals from the Court of Appeals, the Tax Court, and the Worker's Compensation Court. Edgar Allan Poe House.

Minnesota Supreme Court. Barnes Foundation. There are 16 judges, who divide into three-judge panels to hear appeals in courts across the state. Atwater-Kent Municipal Museum. This body hears appeals on cases tried in the trial courts. Unlike soft pretzels of other cities, which are the same shape as hard pretzels, Philadelphia soft pretzels have a long, thin block-like shape. Minnesota Court of Appeals. Soft pretzel -- thick, doughy pretzels, generally salted, often served with mustard.

Most state cases start in the trial courts. Polish ice -- A much looser, creamier form of Italian Ice, usually coming only in chocolate and vanilla. The state is split into 10 judicial districts, with 257 judges. Irish ice -- Irish ice is a creamier, thicker form of water ice. Trial courts. Italian ice (Water Ice)-- a frozen dessert, similar to a slushie except stiffer. Scrapple -- corn meal mush cooked up with every part (scrap) of the pig from the Pennsylvania Dutch country of Lancaster County.

Hoagies -- a sandwich made with cold cuts on an Italian roll, a localised variant of the submarine sandwich. Cheesesteaks, a kind of humble culinary masterpiece, made of cheese (usually either Cheez Wiz(tm), provolone or American) and slices of fried ribeye steak on a hoagie (Italian) roll, sometimes combined with onions or mushrooms - recent innovations include a chicken and a vegetarian variant. 1854: West Chester and Philadelphia Railroad[11] (http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his480/notes/rr-1.htm). 1850: relocation of Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad (later Pennsylvania Railroad main line)[10] (http://www.railsandtrails.com/PRR/BOD1948/history.html).

1839: Camden and Woodbury Railroad[9] (http://www.earlpleasants.com/search_1.asp). 1837: Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad[8] (http://broadway.pennsyrr.com/Rail/Prr/Corphist/pb_w.html). 1835?: Philadelphia and Reading Railroad[7] (http://www.ushistory.org/philadelphia/special/railroad.htm). 1835: Southwark Railroad (only in downtown)[6] (http://broadway.pennsyrr.com/Rail/Prr/Corphist/pb_w.html).

1834: Camden and Amboy Railroad[5] (http://broadway.pennsyrr.com/Rail/Prr/Corphist/urrnj.html). 1834: Philadelphia and Trenton Railroad[4] (http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~wdstock/railroad.htm). 1834: Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad (later Pennsylvania Railroad main line)[3] (http://www.columbiahistoric.com/RAILROAD.HTM). 1834: Delaware and Schuylkill Railroad (only in downtown)[2] (http://www.ushistory.org/philadelphia/special/railroad.htm).

1832: Philadelphia, Germantown and Norristown Railroad[1] (http://www.ushistory.org/philadelphia/special/railroad.htm).