Toyota MR2

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The Toyota MR2 was a two-seat, mid-engined, rear wheel drive sports car produced by Toyota from 1984 to 2005. The latest version was called the Toyota MR-S in Japan, the Toyota MR2 Spyder in the United States, and the Toyota MR2 Roadster in Europe.

When said in French, the name MR2 [ɛm ɛʀ ˈdø] sounds like merde [ˈmɛʀd] (fr: shit). Thus, the car was sold there only as the MR.

It is a common misconception that the MR2 was Lotus designed, but assembled and distributed by Toyota. Actually the Lotus M90 (a.k.a. the X100) project was scrapped and Lotus was later bought out by GM. The MR2 was eventually designed by Toyota with Lotus engineer Roger Becker involved on its suspension and handling

Origins

The MR2's life began in 1976 when Toyota launched a design project with the goal of producing a car which would be both enjoyable to drive, yet still provide decent fuel economy. Initially, the purpose of the project was not a sports car. The actual designwork began in 1979 when Akio Yoshida from Toyota's testing department started to evaluate different alternatives for engine placement and drive method. It was finally decided to place the engine transversely in the middle of the car. The result was the first prototype in 1981, dubbed the SA-X. From its base design, the car began evolving into an actual sports car, and further prototypes were tested intensely both in Japan and in California. A significant amount of testing was performed on actual race circuits such as Willow Springs, where former Formula One driver Dan Gurney tested the car.

Toyota made its SV-3 concept car public in the autumn of 1983 at the Tokyo Motor Show, gathering a huge amount of publicity both from the press and the audience. The car, scheduled to be launched in spring 1984 in the Japanese market under the name MR2 (initially standing for "Midship Runabout, 2-seater" but later claimed to be "Mid-engine, Rear-wheel drive, 2-seater") was to become the first mass-produced mid-engined car to come from a Japanese manufacturer.

First generation (AW10/AW11), 1984-1989

1987 MK1b T-Bar

The small and light MR2, designated AW11, was perhaps something no one had expected from any of the Japanese car manufacturers, known for their economical and practical cars. The two-seat MR2 was definitely not practical as a family car, but the design criteria were different from that of most previous cars. The most important features of the AW11 were its light body, superior handling and relatively powerful, small-displacement engine. Thanks to these features, the AW11 is considered by many to be very enjoyable to drive. Its behavior mimics that of highly expensive supercars and is easy to control and nimble in its movements. Toyota's cooperation with Lotus during the prototype phase can be seen in the AW11, and it owes much to Lotus's legendary sports cars of the 1960s and 1970s.

As a powerplant, Toyota chose to use the 4A-GE 1600 cc I4 engine with two overhead camshafts which allowed the use of 16 valves for a better gas flow through the combustion chamber. The engine was also equipped with a Bosch L-Jetronic type multi-point fuel injection and a variable intake geometry (T-VIS), giving the engine a maximum power output of 128 hp (95 kW). US-spec engines were rated at 112 hp (84 kW), Euro-spec at 124 hp (93 kW). The engine had already been introduced earlier on the sportier Toyota AE86 Sprinter Trueno, gathering a lot of positive publicity. There was also a JDM model AW10 which used the more economical 1500 cc 3A-U engine, but it didn't gain too much popularity.

For the 1986 model year, the AW11 went through several changes which affected both its looks and performance. The most important addition was probably having the option of a removable targa top, not available in the US. The exterior was modified by color-coding the bumpers and side stripes, adding small side skirts and a translucent spoiler to the rear of the roof. Other new options included a leather interior and a four-speed automatic transmission. Some further changes were made to the exterior the following year, but more notable were the addition of larger brakes and a heavier C52 transmission which replaced the older C50.

In 1988, Toyota brought a new choice for an engine for people longing for more power. Based on the same block and head, the 4A-GZE was equipped with a roots-type supercharger and therefore the compression ratio, valve timing and ports were modified. The engine produced a maximum power of 145 hp (108 kW) and accelerated the small car from 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 60 mph) in 6.7 to 7.0s. In addition to the new engine, the MR2 SC was also equipped with stiffer stabilizer bars and reinforcements in the bodyshell to improve rigidity. Unfortunately, this model was never sold in European markets, although some cars were privately imported.

The press received the AW11 with open arms and praised its innovation, great feeling, and responsive engine. American car magazines Road & Track and Car and Driver both chose the AW11 on their lists of ten best cars which included some tough competition, such as the Ferrari Testarossa. The Australian Wheels magazine chose the 1988 AW11 as its favourite sports car. The MR2 was Motor Trend's Import Car of the Year for 1985. In 2004, Sports Car International named the MR2 number eight on the list of Top Sports Cars of the 1980s. The MR2 was on Car and Driver magazine's Ten Best list for 1986 and 1987.

For more information about the Mark I visit these websites:

http://www.mr2oc.com

http://www.benreedjohnson.com

http://shell.deru.com/~sgn1/AW11/4age.htm

http://shell.deru.com/~sgn1/AW11/Mkifaq.htm

http://www.padandwheels.com/mr2/index.html

Second generation (SW20), 1990-1999

1991 Toyota MR2 Turbo

The MR2 went through a complete redesigned in 1989, when the new Mk II body was produced. The new MR2, designated SW20 (in America the chassis codes were SW20 for the turbocharged model and SW21 for the naturally-aspirated model), was longer, wider and heavier than its predecessor and had smoother bodylines. While the AW11 was a pure sports car, made in the spirit of Lotuses, the SW20, being quite larger, could be classed as a GT-car. Since the resemblance between the Ferrari 348tb and the Ferrari F355 and the new MR2 was quite striking, the SW20 is sometimes referred to as a "poor man's Ferrari".

1993 Toyota MR2

When the SW20 went on sale in spring 1990, it was offered with four different engine choices depending on the market area. All engines were 2000 cc I4 engines with DOHC and 16 valves, excluding the naturally-aspirated US model which used the 2200 cc 5S-FE engine. The most powerful engine was the turbocharged 3S-GTE, which was again only available in Japan at 220 hp (164 kW) (as the MR2 GT) and the USA at 200 hp (149 kW) (as the MR2 Turbo) so Europeans had to settle with the naturally-aspirated 156 hp (116 kW) 3S-GE engine. The Japanese MR2 GT model was able to accelerate from 0-100 km/h in a stunning 5.9 to 6.2 s.

The SW20's entry to the market was not quite as smooth as the AW11's. Toyota's goal was to make the car's suspension geometry work the same way that true supercars do. This made the SW20's cornering abilities quite excellent, but it was much too easy for an inexperienced driver to make a mistake, leading to sudden oversteer (also called "snap oversteer") which can result in a spin unless the driver reacts both quickly and correctly. This trait was not considered very desirable among the press, because the MR2, unlike expensive supercars, was priced so that even "average people" were able to buy one. Some magazines made overstatements where they claimed that the SW20 was downright dangerous to drive.

A heavily modified Toyota MR2 (SW20)

To respond to the feedback they had received, Toyota changed the 1993 model to include wider rear tires and changed the rear suspension, mainly the vehicle's height, shock absorbing properties and a larger rear crossmember, so that the car would be more prone to understeer, thus making it more difficult to push the car into "snap oversteer". Along with the suspension changes, the SW20 also got new 15" wheels to fit the larger brakes that were also introduced. Some shifting problems which plagued the first revisions were remedied with stronger synchronization rings.

The next big change occurred in 1994, when SW20 received all-new engines for each model and some considerable changes to its exterior. For 3S-GTE the use a MAP-sensor, the removal T-VIS in favor of smaller intake ports and the new CT20B turbocharger increased the maximum power to 240 hp (179 kW). The normally aspirated 3S-GE received fewer changes but still improved its maximum power to 172 hp (128.3 kW). Having been an option earlier, a limited-slip differential was introduced as standard on all turbocharged models. New round taillights and a color-coded center panel replaced the old square-shaped lights and the rear grille. The original three-piece rear spoiler was replaced with the lighter one-piece spoiler which attached only to the trunklid. The side stripes and skirts were also color coded. In 1996, the front and side signals were changed to use a clear lens but no other modifications were made.

On the SW20's last production year in 1999, the car was updated with a few significant changes. While the turbocharged engine remained the same, in JDM models the normally aspirated 3S-GE engine was equipped with Toyota's VVT-i system which allowed the timing of the intake camshafts to be modified according to the engine's rotation speed and load. This, and some other changes improved the engine's power output to a respectable 198 hp (148 kW). All models also received new wheels, optional Recaro seats, and a three-way adjustable rear spoiler.

The SW20 has become a major collector's car since the 2003 Ultimate Street Car Challenge win of Brad Bedell and his yellow V6-powered MR2. The 1MZFE motor that comes from the V6 powered Solara and Camry, has quickly become a popular modification as it is relatively cheap and easy to modify to. Some of these V6 MR2 owners have claimed to have been able complete the swap within the price range of $2,500 USD without the labor.

SW20 TRD2000GT

In 1998, Toyota Racing Development [1] offered an official kit body conversion and tuning programme for Japanese Domestic Market (JDM) owners to transform their existing SW20 MR2 into a widebody TRD2000GT kit replica car. This was to pay homage to the wins by their TRD2000GTs in the GT-C Japanese racing series, the TRD2000GT racing series cars where based on the SW20 floorpan. Toyota also did the same with their Supra Twin Turbo model, offering a conversion service to transform these cars into a TRD3000GT[2].

In order to ensure exclusivity, a high price tag was charged and total of just 35 factory car conversions where completed by Toyota Technocraft Ltd. Each official car converted was made using lightweight fibreglass components (in place of heavy steel original parts, front wings/fenders, boot lid, rear quarter panels, front and rear bumpers, etc.) and re-classified as completely new cars (with their own specially numbered TRD vin plate rivited to the body to indicate their authenticity and rarity).

All official TRD2000GT's had a 60 mm (2.4 in) wider front and rear track which improved handling considerably over the original suspension design. Virtually every car converted also had other TRD parts fitted too including extensive changes to both the suspension and engine. Some cars left the factory boasting up to 500 PS (493 hp/368 kW) and less than 1100 kg (2425 lb) for a very impressive power to weight ratio. TRD Japan never sold body parts for third-party conversion separately (except rear wing), they transformed complete cars.

Only 3 complete cars are known to have been shipped into Europe with only 10 complete kit conversions allocated to TRD USA for the entire American market. This makes these officially built TRD2000GTs the rarest of all MR2s and ultimately the most sought after and difficult to find. It is unknown how many original (non factory replica) cars still exist today. In many respects the extended body can be compared to that of a Porsche Turbo widebody. The car track width is extended and body dimensions dramatically changing the cars overall visuals, giving the car a "supercar" look, and also better handling and weight reduction. Very little is known about these cars outside of Japan.[3]

Third generation (ZZW30), 1999-2005

ZZW30 Toyota MR2 ZZW30 MR2 modified for racing. Note the rare hardtop fitted.

After having been in the market for almost ten years, the SW20 had to move aside as Toyota released the new MR2, designated ZZW30. The new MR2 was, in a way, return to the design concept of the AW11 since the weight of the car was once again dropped below a metric ton and it was significantly smaller than the SW20. The biggest change was, however, the replacement of either the solid or targa top with a convertible soft top, giving the car the 'Spyder' designation. In Japan, the car is called the MR-S, which purportedly is derived from the forementioned designation. Toyota changed the American name to "MR2 Spyder" reportedly because the idea of a car with the nickname of "Mrs." would sound funny.

The engine of the ZZW30 was the brand-new all-aluminium 1ZZ-FE, a 1794 cc I4. Like its predecessors, the engine used dual overhead camshafts and 16 valves. The intake camshaft's timing was adjustable via the VVT-i system, which was introduced earlier on the 1998 SW20. Unlike its predecessors, however, the engine was placed onto the car the other way round, making the exhaust manifold point towards the rear of the car. The 140 hp (104 kW) maximum power was quite a drop from the SW20 GT, but thanks to the lightness of the car it could move quite quickly, accelerating from 0 to 100 km/h in 7.5 to 7.9 s. In addition to the 5-speed manual transmission, a sequential transmission controllable from the steering wheel was also available.

The feedback for the new model was somewhat mixed - others liked its return to the AW11's design concept, while the fans of the SW20 would've liked it to continue along the path of the previous model. All agreed, however, that the ZZW30 had nearly perfect handling, allowing one to brake into corners and throw the car through the corner in slight drift. The ZZW30 is considered to be the best-handling MR2. For example, Tiff Needell, a very experienced race driver and the former host of the BBC TV show Top Gear, praised the handling of the ZZW30. Although some complained of the relative lack of power the vehicle had, many owners have recently discovered a way to switch out the 1ZZ-FE engine in exchange for the 2ZZ-GE, bringing up the power to 190 hp, drastically bringing up the accelerating properties of the ZZW30. During a comparison test during a Japanese motorsports show, "NA vs. Turbo", the Techno Spirits ZZW30, outdrove several more powerful cars. However, the driver of the ZZW30, Manabu Orido, allowed the other vehicles (a much higher powered S15 Silvia, S14 Silvia, and Amuse S2000) to catch up and ended in the ZZW30 losing to the much quicker S15 Silvia. Although it lost, the ZZW30 proved the top-class handling abilities of the ZZW30.

The MR-S was originally introduced in October of 1999 and received a sequential transmission in August 2000. For 2003, the ZZW30 received some exterior changes, including a new front bumper, front and rear lights, a new rear grille, and the computer also received an upgrade allowing the gears to change and engage much quicker than the pre-2003 models which were equipped with the sequential transmission. The air intakes on the sides of the car were now color coded and the interior was modified with new seats and a gauge cluster. The rear wheels were increased to 16" while the front ones remained 15", and both transmissions received an additional gear. The suspension was uprated with new springs and shock absorbers and a brace was added to the bottom of the car to improve rigidity. For 2004, the body was strengthened, adding 10 kg to the vehicle's weight.

In July 2004, Toyota announced that the MR2 would be discontinued in the US at the end of the 2005 model year because of increasing competition and lack of sales. [4] The ZZW30 sold just 7,233 units in its debut year, falling to 6,254 in 2001 and 4,705 in 2002.

Future

For two decades, the MR2 has been a delight to car enthusiasts around the world, offering an affordable way to experience the marvellous handling of a mid-engine sports car. Toyota is cutting down its selection of sports cars and replacing them with less aggressive "sports packages" offered on their more sedate cars. Many had hoped that Toyota would continue MR2 production because the leap along the price-axis to the next alternatives (Porsche Boxster, Lotus Elise and Exige, Honda NSX) is so large that many enthusiasts would have to settle for a front-engined car, should the MR2 be discontinued. There was speculation that the 2005 model could be a hybrid car. However, the MR2 was discontinued after the 2005 model year. Recent signtings of the mk 4 suggest that it will be more in line with the mk 2 as the size of the car has once again increased. This version is rumoured to be released in 2006.


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This version is rumoured to be released in 2006. List Format:. Recent signtings of the mk 4 suggest that it will be more in line with the mk 2 as the size of the car has once again increased. [20]. However, the MR2 was discontinued after the 2005 model year. Out of these two groups, several notable individuals have immerged. There was speculation that the 2005 model could be a hybrid car. In addition, the university employees 1825 part and full time faculty members.

Many had hoped that Toyota would continue MR2 production because the leap along the price-axis to the next alternatives (Porsche Boxster, Lotus Elise and Exige, Honda NSX) is so large that many enthusiasts would have to settle for a front-engined car, should the MR2 be discontinued. NC State has conferred 185,663 degrees (as of 2005) since opening its doors and has an estimated 145,000 living alumni. Toyota is cutting down its selection of sports cars and replacing them with less aggressive "sports packages" offered on their more sedate cars. A great number of people have made their way through NC State University. For two decades, the MR2 has been a delight to car enthusiasts around the world, offering an affordable way to experience the marvellous handling of a mid-engine sports car. The property borders the North Carolina State Fair to the North and hosts tailgating parties before NC State football games. [4] The ZZW30 sold just 7,233 units in its debut year, falling to 6,254 in 2001 and 4,705 in 2002. Aside from the two stadiums, the property is mainly open space used for event parking.

In July 2004, Toyota announced that the MR2 would be discontinued in the US at the end of the 2005 model year because of increasing competition and lack of sales. Both Carter-Finley Stadium and the RBC Center are located there. For 2004, the body was strengthened, adding 10 kg to the vehicle's weight. The Stadium property is 3.4 miles (5.5 km) northwest of the Memorial Bell Tower. The suspension was uprated with new springs and shock absorbers and a brace was added to the bottom of the car to improve rigidity. Since most of the campus is rolling pastoral land, part of it is converted to parking space during the North Carolina State Fair and NC State football games. The rear wheels were increased to 16" while the front ones remained 15", and both transmissions received an additional gear. Situated on this campus is the University Club and North Carolina’s only Veterinary School.

The air intakes on the sides of the car were now color coded and the interior was modified with new seats and a gauge cluster. The campus’s 182 acres (0.73 km²) is bordered by the stadiums and the North Carolina State Fairgrounds to the west and Meredith College to the east. For 2003, the ZZW30 received some exterior changes, including a new front bumper, front and rear lights, a new rear grille, and the computer also received an upgrade allowing the gears to change and engage much quicker than the pre-2003 models which were equipped with the sequential transmission. West Campus is located 2.5 miles (4 km) west of the Memorial Bell Tower. The MR-S was originally introduced in October of 1999 and received a sequential transmission in August 2000. The offices of Red Hat and the Raleigh branch of the National Weather Service are also on the Centennial Campus, as well as Centennial Campus Middle School. Although it lost, the ZZW30 proved the top-class handling abilities of the ZZW30. The College of Textiles is based on this campus and long-term plans have the majority of the College of Engineering relocating to the new campus.

However, the driver of the ZZW30, Manabu Orido, allowed the other vehicles (a much higher powered S15 Silvia, S14 Silvia, and Amuse S2000) to catch up and ended in the ZZW30 losing to the much quicker S15 Silvia. Located 1 mile (1.6 Km) south of the Memorial Bell Tower, this campus houses university, corporate, and government research, in addition to classrooms and non-student residences. Turbo", the Techno Spirits ZZW30, outdrove several more powerful cars. NC State's main campus is augmented by the 1,334 acre (5.4 km²) mixed-use Centennial Campus. During a comparison test during a Japanese motorsports show, "NA vs. NC State plans to reopen the Tunnel around March 2006. Although some complained of the relative lack of power the vehicle had, many owners have recently discovered a way to switch out the 1ZZ-FE engine in exchange for the 2ZZ-GE, bringing up the power to 190 hp, drastically bringing up the accelerating properties of the ZZW30. The tunnel was closed in June 2005 and has been partially demolished, to be rebuilt with wheelchair accessibility.

For example, Tiff Needell, a very experienced race driver and the former host of the BBC TV show Top Gear, praised the handling of the ZZW30. This particular tunnel is the site of sanctioned graffiti; anyone may paint there, and it is often the place for political statements, personal messages, and unique art. The ZZW30 is considered to be the best-handling MR2. The Free Expression Tunnel functions as one of three pedestrian tunnels underneath the railroad tracks separating North Main Campus and Central Main Campus. All agreed, however, that the ZZW30 had nearly perfect handling, allowing one to brake into corners and throw the car through the corner in slight drift. Southwest of the Court of North Carolina is another landmark, the Free Expression Tunnel. The feedback for the new model was somewhat mixed - others liked its return to the AW11's design concept, while the fans of the SW20 would've liked it to continue along the path of the previous model. Some replanting has occurred, but the Court's former appearance is far from being restored.

In addition to the 5-speed manual transmission, a sequential transmission controllable from the steering wheel was also available. It was once home to 100 trees (one for every county in North Carolina), but damage caused by Hurricane Fran in 1996 reduced the number significantly, including the destruction of a particularly old and large tree which was some 12 feet in diameter. The 140 hp (104 kW) maximum power was quite a drop from the SW20 GT, but thanks to the lightness of the car it could move quite quickly, accelerating from 0 to 100 km/h in 7.5 to 7.9 s. The Court of North Carolina, just West of the Memorial Bell Tower, is surrounded by the 1911 Building; the College of Humanities and Social Sciences in Tompkins, Caldwell, Winston Halls and Poe Hall; Page Hall, home to College of Engineering offices; and Leazar Hall, location of the Computer Science Teaching Labs. Unlike its predecessors, however, the engine was placed onto the car the other way round, making the exhaust manifold point towards the rear of the car. As a tradition, the Bell Tower is lighted in red at night immediately following athletic victories and certain academic achievements.[19]. The intake camshaft's timing was adjustable via the VVT-i system, which was introduced earlier on the 1998 SW20. The granite tower, completed in 1937, is 115 feet (35 meters) tall.

Like its predecessors, the engine used dual overhead camshafts and 16 valves. It was constructed as a monument to alumni killed in World War I. The engine of the ZZW30 was the brand-new all-aluminium 1ZZ-FE, a 1794 cc I4. The Memorial Bell Tower, located in the Northeast corner of North Main Campus, serves as the signature of NC State and appears in the NC State Official Seal. Toyota changed the American name to "MR2 Spyder" reportedly because the idea of a car with the nickname of "Mrs." would sound funny. These sidewalks are also dotted with white brick mosaics. In Japan, the car is called the MR-S, which purportedly is derived from the forementioned designation. "the brickyard"), and most sidewalks are also made with brick.

The biggest change was, however, the replacement of either the solid or targa top with a convertible soft top, giving the car the 'Spyder' designation. Due to oversupply, odd brick statues dot the landscape, a large section of main campus is paved over with brick (University Plaza, a.k.a. The new MR2 was, in a way, return to the design concept of the AW11 since the weight of the car was once again dropped below a metric ton and it was significantly smaller than the SW20. Architecturally, Main Campus is known for its distinctive red brick buildings. After having been in the market for almost ten years, the SW20 had to move aside as Toyota released the new MR2, designated ZZW30. Greek Court and a large conference center are found on South Main Campus. Very little is known about these cars outside of Japan.[3]. Western Boulevard separates Central and South Main Campuses.

The car track width is extended and body dimensions dramatically changing the cars overall visuals, giving the car a "supercar" look, and also better handling and weight reduction. Pedestrian and road tunnels are used to cross the tracks. In many respects the extended body can be compared to that of a Porsche Turbo widebody. North and Central Main Campus are separated by a rail road track. It is unknown how many original (non factory replica) cars still exist today. Central Main Campus is mainly dormitories, cafeterias, gymnasiums and student support departments. This makes these officially built TRD2000GTs the rarest of all MR2s and ultimately the most sought after and difficult to find. North Main Campus is the oldest part of NC State and is home to most academic departments and a few dorms.

Only 3 complete cars are known to have been shipped into Europe with only 10 complete kit conversions allocated to TRD USA for the entire American market. NC State’s Main Campus has three general areas: North Main Campus, Central Main Campus, and South Main Campus. TRD Japan never sold body parts for third-party conversion separately (except rear wing), they transformed complete cars. The campus is divided into four sections:. Some cars left the factory boasting up to 500 PS (493 hp/368 kW) and less than 1100 kg (2425 lb) for a very impressive power to weight ratio. NC State has a sprawling, urban 2,139 acre (8.65 km²) campus. Virtually every car converted also had other TRD parts fitted too including extensive changes to both the suspension and engine. Other sports supported at NC State are cheerleading, cross country, dance, golf, rifle, soccer, sailing, swimming and diving, and track and field.

All official TRD2000GT's had a 60 mm (2.4 in) wider front and rear track which improved handling considerably over the original suspension design. Both men's and women's tennis compete out of this facility. Each official car converted was made using lightweight fibreglass components (in place of heavy steel original parts, front wings/fenders, boot lid, rear quarter panels, front and rear bumpers, etc.) and re-classified as completely new cars (with their own specially numbered TRD vin plate rivited to the body to indicate their authenticity and rarity). Isenhouser Tennis Complex in early 2005. In order to ensure exclusivity, a high price tag was charged and total of just 35 factory car conversions where completed by Toyota Technocraft Ltd. The University completed the J.W. Toyota also did the same with their Supra Twin Turbo model, offering a conversion service to transform these cars into a TRD3000GT[2]. The baseball team plays its games out of Doak Field, at the western edge of Main Campus.

This was to pay homage to the wins by their TRD2000GTs in the GT-C Japanese racing series, the TRD2000GT racing series cars where based on the SW20 floorpan. Completed in the 1949, Reynolds was once the heart of NC State, hosting many University sports. In 1998, Toyota Racing Development [1] offered an official kit body conversion and tuning programme for Japanese Domestic Market (JDM) owners to transform their existing SW20 MR2 into a widebody TRD2000GT kit replica car. Volleyball, women's basketball, wrestling, and gymnastics are all still hosted in historic Reynolds Coliseum. Some of these V6 MR2 owners have claimed to have been able complete the swap within the price range of $2,500 USD without the labor. These two facilities are located roughly three miles to the west of NC State's Main Campus. The 1MZFE motor that comes from the V6 powered Solara and Camry, has quickly become a popular modification as it is relatively cheap and easy to modify to. This new arena is located next to Carter-Finley Stadium, where the football team plays its games.

The SW20 has become a major collector's car since the 2003 Ultimate Street Car Challenge win of Brad Bedell and his yellow V6-powered MR2. For the Fall of 1999 the Wolfpack men's basketball program opened play in the RBC Center. All models also received new wheels, optional Recaro seats, and a three-way adjustable rear spoiler. Coach Kay Yow, head coach of the women's basketball program and member of the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame, has led the Wolfpack Women to more than 600 wins and approaches 700 for her career. This, and some other changes improved the engine's power output to a respectable 198 hp (148 kW). They also won the championship in 1983 under coach Jim Valvano. While the turbocharged engine remained the same, in JDM models the normally aspirated 3S-GE engine was equipped with Toyota's VVT-i system which allowed the timing of the intake camshafts to be modified according to the engine's rotation speed and load. The men's team won the NCAA Championship in 1974 under coach Norm Sloan after ending UCLA's seven year reign.

On the SW20's last production year in 1999, the car was updated with a few significant changes. The men's basketball team has made four consecutive trips and a recent Sweet Sixteen appearance in the NCAA Tournament under the guidance of coach Herb Sendek. In 1996, the front and side signals were changed to use a clear lens but no other modifications were made. Chuck Amato, the head football coach, has led the Wolfpack to five bowl games while at NC State. The side stripes and skirts were also color coded. NC State participates in the NCAA's Division I-A in the Atlantic Coast Conference. The original three-piece rear spoiler was replaced with the lighter one-piece spoiler which attached only to the trunklid. Athletic teams at NC State are known as the Wolfpack.

New round taillights and a color-coded center panel replaced the old square-shaped lights and the rear grille. (Demographics last updated Dec 6, 2005). Having been an option earlier, a limited-slip differential was introduced as standard on all turbocharged models. The station host several formats run by student disc jockies. The normally aspirated 3S-GE received fewer changes but still improved its maximum power to 172 hp (128.3 kW). The radio station broadcasts at 25,000 watts and reaches around 200,000 people. For 3S-GTE the use a MAP-sensor, the removal T-VIS in favor of smaller intake ports and the new CT20B turbocharger increased the maximum power to 240 hp (179 kW). It does seek sponsors, who can be acknowledged on the air, but 90% of the station's funding is from the university.

The next big change occurred in 1994, when SW20 received all-new engines for each model and some considerable changes to its exterior. WKNC is a non-commercial station and cannot run traditional advertisements. Some shifting problems which plagued the first revisions were remedied with stronger synchronization rings. NC State has its own student-run radio station, WKNC. Along with the suspension changes, the SW20 also got new 15" wheels to fit the larger brakes that were also introduced. Each year, nearly 1,000 copies are printed and sold. To respond to the feedback they had received, Toyota changed the 1993 model to include wider rear tires and changed the rear suspension, mainly the vehicle's height, shock absorbing properties and a larger rear crossmember, so that the car would be more prone to understeer, thus making it more difficult to push the car into "snap oversteer". The Agromeck serves as a historian of campus and is a reminder of the way things used to be.

Some magazines made overstatements where they claimed that the SW20 was downright dangerous to drive. It acts as a compendium of student life on campus including sporting events, social activities, and day-to-day living. This trait was not considered very desirable among the press, because the MR2, unlike expensive supercars, was priced so that even "average people" were able to buy one. NC State’s oldest student publication, the Agromeck yearbook, celebrated its 100th birthday with the 2002 edition. This made the SW20's cornering abilities quite excellent, but it was much too easy for an inexperienced driver to make a mistake, leading to sudden oversteer (also called "snap oversteer") which can result in a spin unless the driver reacts both quickly and correctly. The paper is funded by advertisement and the student government; it is distributed for free at numerous locations on campus and at area merchants. Toyota's goal was to make the car's suspension geometry work the same way that true supercars do. Technician is published Monday through Friday when school is in session with a circulation of about 15,000.

The SW20's entry to the market was not quite as smooth as the AW11's. It employs more than 100 students throughout the year and reports on campus news, sports, entertainment, and state and national news. The Japanese MR2 GT model was able to accelerate from 0-100 km/h in a stunning 5.9 to 6.2 s. Technician has been North Carolina State University’s student-run newspaper since 1920. The most powerful engine was the turbocharged 3S-GTE, which was again only available in Japan at 220 hp (164 kW) (as the MR2 GT) and the USA at 200 hp (149 kW) (as the MR2 Turbo) so Europeans had to settle with the naturally-aspirated 156 hp (116 kW) 3S-GE engine. Besides fraternities and sororities, there are multicultural groups, arts groups, political and social action groups, service and professional groups, religious groups, sports and recreation groups, academic and professional groups, and special interest groups such as the Clogging Team, the Film Society, the Judo Club, the Equestrian Club, and the Black Finesse Modeling Troupe. All engines were 2000 cc I4 engines with DOHC and 16 valves, excluding the naturally-aspirated US model which used the 2200 cc 5S-FE engine. Student life at North Carolina State University includes opportunities in a diverse range of activities and organizations.

When the SW20 went on sale in spring 1990, it was offered with four different engine choices depending on the market area. There is also a multicultural student affairs office. Since the resemblance between the Ferrari 348tb and the Ferrari F355 and the new MR2 was quite striking, the SW20 is sometimes referred to as a "poor man's Ferrari". The student center of the University includes an African-American Cultural Center which has an art gallery and a library. While the AW11 was a pure sports car, made in the spirit of Lotuses, the SW20, being quite larger, could be classed as a GT-car. Most students are North Carolina residents, so on the weekends the campus is empty. The new MR2, designated SW20 (in America the chassis codes were SW20 for the turbocharged model and SW21 for the naturally-aspirated model), was longer, wider and heavier than its predecessor and had smoother bodylines. By far the largest party and social events are those associated with sporting events.

The MR2 went through a complete redesigned in 1989, when the new Mk II body was produced. While Greeks do offer some social events, many dormitories host their own parties, though alcohol policies are strictly enforced. http://www.padandwheels.com/mr2/index.html. NC State has a relatively small Greek presence, and few Greeks actually live in their fraternity or sorority houses. http://shell.deru.com/~sgn1/AW11/Mkifaq.htm. Freshman dorms provide academic and social events that acclimate incoming students to the college experience. http://shell.deru.com/~sgn1/AW11/4age.htm. Thirty-three percent of all students live on campus in one of twenty different dormitories.

http://www.benreedjohnson.com. [17] NC State as a member of the Triangle Research Libraries Network (TRLN), has interlibrary loan services with Duke University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and North Carolina Central University.[18]. http://www.mr2oc.com. Hill Library, located on Main Campus is over 11 stories tall and covers over 119 thousand square feet (11 thousand square meters). For more information about the Mark I visit these websites:. The largest library, D.H. The MR2 was on Car and Driver magazine's Ten Best list for 1986 and 1987. The NC State Library, ranked 27th out of 113 North American research libraries, includes 3.4 million volumes and 54 thousand journal subscriptions (as of 2005).[15][16] The library system has an annual budget of over $20 million and consists of 5 libraries.

In 2004, Sports Car International named the MR2 number eight on the list of Top Sports Cars of the 1980s. The administration of NC State claims that this rate is a product of high participation in the cooperative education program (which adds a year to an undergraduate’s tenure) and the difficulty of the engineering degrees.[8] [9]. The MR2 was Motor Trend's Import Car of the Year for 1985. NC State’s rankings are significantly hurt by its 29.7% four year graduation rate (for freshmen entering in 1998), as compared to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s 66.7% rate for the same class. The Australian Wheels magazine chose the 1988 AW11 as its favourite sports car. NC State includes the following academic units:. American car magazines Road & Track and Car and Driver both chose the AW11 on their lists of ten best cars which included some tough competition, such as the Ferrari Testarossa. Areas of Study:.

The press received the AW11 with open arms and praised its innovation, great feeling, and responsive engine.
. Unfortunately, this model was never sold in European markets, although some cars were privately imported. Only the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences offers associate's degrees. In addition to the new engine, the MR2 SC was also equipped with stiffer stabilizer bars and reinforcements in the bodyshell to improve rigidity. NC State offers bachelor's degrees in 100 areas of study, master's degrees in 109 areas and doctorate degrees in 55 areas. The engine produced a maximum power of 145 hp (108 kW) and accelerated the small car from 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 60 mph) in 6.7 to 7.0s. NC State also provides a First Year Program for incoming freshmen to give incoming freshmen an opportunity to experience several disciplines before selecting a major.

Based on the same block and head, the 4A-GZE was equipped with a roots-type supercharger and therefore the compression ratio, valve timing and ports were modified. Students can alternate semesters in the cooperative program, which gives them college credit for time-spent working on-site. In 1988, Toyota brought a new choice for an engine for people longing for more power. The textile and paper science programs are notable, given the University’s location near active textile and paper producers. Some further changes were made to the exterior the following year, but more notable were the addition of larger brakes and a heavier C52 transmission which replaced the older C50. NC State is known for its programs in engineering and design. Other new options included a leather interior and a four-speed automatic transmission. State law limits the admission of student from outside North Carolina, so there is strong competition among non-residents for admissions.

The exterior was modified by color-coding the bumpers and side stripes, adding small side skirts and a translucent spoiler to the rear of the roof. Twenty-five percent were in both categories. The most important addition was probably having the option of a removable targa top, not available in the US. Out of the 3,175 students in the 2004 freshmen class, 43% were ranked in the top 10% of their high school class and 48% scored greater than 1200 on the SAT. For the 1986 model year, the AW11 went through several changes which affected both its looks and performance. Considered a more selective university, NC State accepts fewer than 60% of those who apply. There was also a JDM model AW10 which used the more economical 1500 cc 3A-U engine, but it didn't gain too much popularity. It is also widely recognized as one of the three anchors of North Carolina's Research Triangle, together with Duke University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.[7].

The engine had already been introduced earlier on the sportier Toyota AE86 Sprinter Trueno, gathering a lot of positive publicity. Currently, NC State has over 7,000 employees, over 30,000 students, an $820 million annual budget, and a $300 million endowment. US-spec engines were rated at 112 hp (84 kW), Euro-spec at 124 hp (93 kW). [5] [6]. The engine was also equipped with a Bosch L-Jetronic type multi-point fuel injection and a variable intake geometry (T-VIS), giving the engine a maximum power output of 128 hp (95 kW). There are 61 private and government agency partners located here as well. As a powerplant, Toyota chose to use the 4A-GE 1600 cc I4 engine with two overhead camshafts which allowed the use of 16 valves for a better gas flow through the combustion chamber. Over $620 million has been invested in facilities and infrastructure at the new campus with 2.7 million square feet of space being constructed.

Toyota's cooperation with Lotus during the prototype phase can be seen in the AW11, and it owes much to Lotus's legendary sports cars of the 1960s and 1970s. Over the next decade and a half, NC State has focused on developing is new Centennial Campus. Its behavior mimics that of highly expensive supercars and is easy to control and nimble in its movements. Also in this year, it gained 700 acres of land that would later become the Centennial Campus. Thanks to these features, the AW11 is considered by many to be very enjoyable to drive. School of Engineering to the College of Engineering). The most important features of the AW11 were its light body, superior handling and relatively powerful, small-displacement engine. NC State celebrated its centennial in 1987 and reorganized its internal structure renaming all is schools to colleges (e.g.

The two-seat MR2 was definitely not practical as a family car, but the design criteria were different from that of most previous cars. The 1970s saw enrollment surpass 19,000 and the addition of the School of Humanities and Social Sciences. The small and light MR2, designated AW11, was perhaps something no one had expected from any of the Japanese car manufacturers, known for their economical and practical cars. In 1966 single year enrollment reached 10,000. The car, scheduled to be launched in spring 1984 in the Japanese market under the name MR2 (initially standing for "Midship Runabout, 2-seater" but later claimed to be "Mid-engine, Rear-wheel drive, 2-seater") was to become the first mass-produced mid-engined car to come from a Japanese manufacturer. Convention ignores the "at Raleigh" part of the name, but it is still in the official name. Toyota made its SV-3 concept car public in the autumn of 1983 at the Tokyo Motor Show, gathering a huge amount of publicity both from the press and the audience. Still not satisfied, protest and letter writing campaigns continued until 1965 when the university received the present name North Carolina State University at Raleigh.

A significant amount of testing was performed on actual race circuits such as Willow Springs, where former Formula One driver Dan Gurney tested the car. Instead the General Assembly changed the name to North Carolina State of the University of North Carolina at Raleigh in 1963. From its base design, the car began evolving into an actual sports car, and further prototypes were tested intensely both in Japan and in California. The name was never adopted. The result was the first prototype in 1981, dubbed the SA-X. Faculty, students and alumni immediately launched a bitter opposition campaign, arguing that the name would cause the university to lose its identity and to appear to be a branch of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. It was finally decided to place the engine transversely in the middle of the car. In 1962, administrators tried to change State College to North Carolina State University, but Governor Terry Sanford and other UNC system officials proposed The University of North Carolina at Raleigh for consistency.

The actual designwork began in 1979 when Akio Yoshida from Toyota's testing department started to evaluate different alternatives for engine placement and drive method. The period also saw the first admission of African-Americans. Initially, the purpose of the project was not a sports car. The 1950s saw many building projects and national recognition of its academic programs. The MR2's life began in 1976 when Toyota launched a design project with the goal of producing a car which would be both enjoyable to drive, yet still provide decent fuel economy. By 1947 enrollment was over 5,000 and the university expanded to accommodate the new students. . Bill.

The MR2 was eventually designed by Toyota with Lotus engineer Roger Becker involved on its suspension and handling. After the end of World War II, State College experienced rapid growth due to the G.I. the X100) project was scrapped and Lotus was later bought out by GM. By 1937 enrollment rebounded to over 2,000, but World War II caused enrollment to drop below 1,000. Actually the Lotus M90 (a.k.a. The Consolidated University of North Carolina lasted until 1972 when it was remade into the University of North Carolina system. It is a common misconception that the MR2 was Lotus designed, but assembled and distributed by Toyota. This move also brought another name – North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering of the University of North Carolina.

Thus, the car was sold there only as the MR. This administratively combined the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the Women’s College at Greensboro, and State College. When said in French, the name MR2 [ɛm ɛʀ ˈdø] sounds like merde [ˈmɛʀd] (fr: shit). To address issues institutional inefficiencies, the State of North Carolina established the Consolidated University of North Carolina in 1931. The latest version was called the Toyota MR-S in Japan, the Toyota MR2 Spyder in the United States, and the Toyota MR2 Roadster in Europe. The Great Depression brought many challenges to State College when economic hardships caused enrollment to suffer. The Toyota MR2 was a two-seat, mid-engined, rear wheel drive sports car produced by Toyota from 1984 to 2005. In 1927, the first women graduated from the university.

In 1920 enrollment reached 1,000 and by 1929 enrollment doubled to 2,000. School of Agriculture, Textile School…). In the 1920s, many of the university’s educational units were organized into schools (e.g. By the end of World War I, State College experienced many institutional changes and fluctuating enrollment.

[4]. By 1918 the college had an enrollment over 700 students and it had a new name—North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering. These two new programs allowed the university’s knowledge resources to directly benefit the people of North Carolina, not just those students who walked its halls. In 1914 the federal Smith-Lever Act enabled the university to establish state, county, and local extension programs.

Along with United State Department of Agriculture, State College created the Boys’ and Girls’ Clubs in 1909 (which later became 4-H in 1926). Between 1889 to the end of World War I, the college experienced growth and expansion of purpose. [1] [2] [3]. Construction began on the Main Building (now called Holladay Hall) in 1888 and the college formally opened on October 3, 1889.

Stanhope Pullen gave land towards the establishment of the new college in Raleigh. R. The state also budgeted money for the new college and transferred North Carolina's land-grant endowment to it as well. On March 7, 1887 the North Carolina General Assembly authorized the establishment of North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts.

In the mid 1880s both state farmers and business leaders claimed that the Chapel Hill’s elitist education did not meet the mandate set forth by the Morrill Land-Grant Act. For two decades that university received $7,500 annually from the endowment. During Reconstruction, North Carolina allocated its endowment to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This Act created endowments that were to be used in the establishment of colleges that would provide a “liberal and practical education” while focusing on military tactics, agriculture and the mechanical arts without excluding classical studies.

Although established in 1887, the North Carolina State University story begins in 1862 when President Lincoln signed the federal Morrill Land-Grant Act. . While NC State has historical strengths in design, agriculture, engineering, and textiles, it offers over 100 Bachelor degree areas of study including meteorology, economics, political science, forestry, and education. Today, NC State has an enrollment of over 30,000, making it the largest university in North Carolina.

The North Carolina General Assembly founded NC State in 1887 as a land-grant college. Also known as NC State, the university is the principal technological institute of the University of North Carolina. North Carolina State University at Raleigh is a public, coeducational, extensive research university located in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. JC Raulston Arboretum.

Armed Forces Joint Chiefs of Staff. Hugh Shelton (Bachelors 1963) Former chairman of the U.S. Gen. Burley Mitchell (Bachelors 1966) North Carolina Supreme Court Chief Justice.

Jones (Bachelors 1965) Member, United States Congress, 3rd District, North Carolina. Walter B. (Bachelors 1959, Masters 196?) 4-term Governor of North Carolina. Hunt Jr.

James B. Hayworth (Bachelors 1980) Member, United States Congress, 6th District, Arizona. J.D. Senator and vice-presidential candidate.

John Edwards (Bachelors 1974) U.S. John Tesh (Attended circa 1975, expelled for cheating(?)) Musician. Jerry Punch (Bachelors 1975) Sideline reporter & auto racing analyst for ESPN and ABC. Park (Bachelors 1931) Communications executive.

Roy H. Terry Gannon Bachelors 1985) ABC Sports commentator. Richard Curtis (Bachelors 1972) A founder and managing editor of graphics and photography for USA TODAY. David Thompson (Bachelors 2003 played for NCSU from 1971 to 1975)) basketball player.

Philip Rivers (Bachelors 2003) football player. Nate McMillan (Attended 1985-1986) Basketball, head coach of the Portland Trail Blazers and past Head Coach Seattle SuperSonics. Torry Holt (Attended 1995-1998) football player. Terrence Holt (Attended 1999-2001) football player.

Roman Gabriel (Bachelors 1962) football player. David Fox (Bachelor 1994) 1996 Summer Olympics Swimming gold medalist. Bill Cowher (Bachelors 1979) football, head coach of the Pittsburgh Steelers. 1972, Faculty member 1972-1976) CEO of SAS Institute.

1968, Ph.D. 1965, M.S. James Goodnight (B.S. Marshall Brain (Masters 1989, Instructor 1986-1992) Founder of HowStuffWorks.

Donald Bitzer (Professor 1989-Present) Father of Plasma Television. Young (Professor 19??-present) Renaissance English literature scholar and co-founder of the John Donne Journal. V. R.

John Kessel (Professor 1982-Present) science-fiction author. George Kennedy (Professor 1976-Present) Entomologist. Thomas Hester (Professor 19??-Present) Renaissance English literature scholar and co-founder of the John Donne Journal. M.

Tom Regan (Professor 1967-Present) Philosopher and animal rights activist. Friday (Bachelors 1941) Former President of the University of North Carolina. William C. 1966, Faculty member 1962-1969) UCLA Chancellor.

Albert Carnesale (PhD. William Brantley Aycock (Bachelors 1936) former University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chancellor. Stadiums—Located further West of Main Campus than West Campus, it is the location of the basketball and football stadiums. West Campus—Located two miles West of Main Campus, it is the home of the veterinary School.

Centennial Campus—Located South of Main Campus, it is home to some academic departments, in particular those related to science and engineering, but most activity here is concerned with public/private cooperation and research. Location of most academic studies and student dormitories. Main Campus—Oldest campus of NC State. Among America's Best Value Colleges by Princeton Reviews.[14].

3rd in the nation in the total number of engineering degrees conferred in 2004.[13]. 28th best value in education by Kiplinger in 2006.[12]. [11]. 34th in US News and World Report's Best Graduate Engineering Programs.

78th out of all national universities by US News and World Report in 2006.[10]. List of graduate degrees. List of bachelor degrees.