Lion

For other uses, see Lion (disambiguation).
Binomial name
Panthera leo
(Linnaeus, 1758)

The Lion (Panthera leo) is a mammal of the family Felidae. It is the largest and most powerful living felid with the exception of the tiger, and the liger. The male lion, easily recognized by his mane, may weigh up to 250 kg (550 lb) Females are much smaller, weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb). In the wild lions live for around 10–14 years, while in captivity they can live over 20. Lions are predatory carnivores who live in family groups, called prides. The family consists of related females, their cubs of both sexes, and one or more unrelated males who mate with the adult females. Although it was once thought that females did most of the hunting in the pride, it is now known that males contribute much more to hunting than the amount for which they had been previously given credit. Both males and females will defend the pride against outside intruders. Typically, males will not tolerate outside males, and females will not tolerate outside females. Males are expelled from the pride or leave on their own when they reach maturity. When or if a male coalition takes over a pride and ousts the previous coalition, the conquerors often kill any cubs even if they did father them.

The last remnant of the Asiatic Lion (subspecies Panthera leo persica), which in historical times ranged from Turkey to India through Iran (Persia), lives in the Gir Forest of northwestern India. About 300 lions live in a 1412 km² (558 square miles) sanctuary in the state of Gujarat.

Lions had become extinct in Greece, their last European outpost, by 100 AD. Other extinct subspecies are the Cape Lion, the European Cave Lion (subspecies Panthera leo spelaea) which coexisted with humans throughout the last Ice Age, and the American lion (subspecies Panthera leo atrox), a close relative of the European cave lion (not to be confused with the mountain lion or puma).

Lions are recurring symbols in the coat of arms of royalty and chivalry, particularly in the UK, where the lion is also a national symbol of the British people. Lions appear in the art of China, even though lions have never lived in China. No animal has been given more attention in art and literature. C.A.W. Guggisberg, in his book Simba, says the lion is referred to 130 times in the Bible. The lion can be found in stone age cave paintings.

Although they are not often heard of due to their rarity, white lions do exist, in Timbavati, South Africa. There is a recessive gene in white lions that gives them their unusual color (also causing white tigers, many white tigers with this gene are bred for zoos and animal shows). A white lion has a disadvantage when it comes to hunting; their white color can give away their hiding place.


Lion Subspecies

The main differences between lion subspecies are location, size and mane appearance, however some of the forms listed below are debatable. Genetic evidence suggests that all modern lions derived from one common ancestor only ca. 55,000 years ago, therefore most sub-saharan lions could be considered a single subspecies. Notable exceptions would be the cape lion (P. l. melanochaita) and the kalahari lion (P. l. Verneyi).

Asiatic Lioness Panthera leo persica, name MOTI, born in Helsinki Zoo (Finland) October 1994, arrived Bristol Zoo (England) January 1996

Attacks on humans

While a hungry lion will probably attack a human that passes near, some (usually male) lions seem to seek out human prey. Some of the more publicized cases include the Tsavo man-eaters and the Mfuwe man-eater. In both cases the hunters who slew the lions wrote books detailing the lions' "careers" as man-eaters. In folklore, man-eating lions are sometimes considered demons.

The Mfuwe and Tsavo incidents did bear some similarities. The lions in both the incidents were all larger than normal, lacked manes and seemed to suffer from tooth decay. Some have speculated that they might belong to an unclassified species of lion, or that they may have been sick and couldn't have easily caught prey.

There have also been recorded attacks on humans by lions in captivity.

Cross-breeding with tigers

Lions have also been known to breed with their close counterparts, tigers (most often Amur), while in captivity to create interesting mixes. These two new breeds are called ligers and tigons.

The liger originates from mating a male lion and a tigress. Because the lion passes on a growth-promoting gene, but the corresponding growth-inhibiting gene from the female lion is not present, ligers are larger than either parent. It is said that ligers do not stop growing and will grow constantly through their lifespan, until their bodies cannot sustain their huge size any longer, reaching up to half a tonne. Ligers share some qualities of both their parents (spots and stripes) however they enjoy swimming, a purely tiger activity, and they are always a sandy colour like the lion. Male ligers are sterile, but female ligers are often fertile.

The tigon is a cross between the lioness and the male tiger. Because the male tiger does not pass on a growth-promoting gene and the lioness passes on a growth inhibiting gene, tigons are often relatively small, only weighing up to 150 kilograms (350 lb), which is about 20% smaller than lions. They can best be described as "housecat-like" in appearance, although with round ears. Like male ligers, male tigons are sterile, and they all have both spots and stripes, with yellow eyes. Tigons are not as common as ligers because they are not as visually impressive, thus they do not draw as much attention from audiences. Tigons are also more difficult to produce as male tigers are less attracted to lionesses because of their smaller size and are thought to have difficulty with recognizing lioness breeding cues.

Female ligers and female tigons are fertile and can produce offspring if mated to either a pure-bred lion or a pure-bred tiger.

Monumental Lion guarding Britannia Bridge, Wales


Morphology of the lion skull

View 3D animations of juvenile and adult lion skulls -- both inside and out -- at Digimorph.org


This page about Lion includes information from a Wikipedia article.
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View 3D animations of juvenile and adult lion skulls -- both inside and out -- at Digimorph.org. They are in a relatively mild state of racing tune, so that they are extremely reliable and can go years between motor rebuilds.[2].
. The engines are all built by one engine builder, certified to produce the prescribed power, and sealed to discourage tampering. Female ligers and female tigons are fertile and can produce offspring if mated to either a pure-bred lion or a pure-bred tiger. Since 1991, the professionally organized Star Mazda Series has been the most popular format for sponsors, spectators, and upward bound drivers. Tigons are also more difficult to produce as male tigers are less attracted to lionesses because of their smaller size and are thought to have difficulty with recognizing lioness breeding cues. Formula Mazda Racing features open wheel race cars with Mazda engines, adaptable to both oval tracks and road courses, on several levels of competition.

Tigons are not as common as ligers because they are not as visually impressive, thus they do not draw as much attention from audiences. Wankel engines are barred from international Formula One racing, as well as from United states midget racing, after Gene Angelillo won the North East Midget Racing Association championship in 1985 with a car powered by a 13B engine, and again in 1986 in a car powered by a 12A engine. Like male ligers, male tigons are sterile, and they all have both spots and stripes, with yellow eyes. Mazdas have also enjoyed substantial success in World Land Speed competition, SCCA competition, drag racing, pro rally competition (the Familia appeared in the WRC several times during the late '80s and early '90s), the One Lap of America race, and other venues. They can best be described as "housecat-like" in appearance, although with round ears. This prototype racer uses the Renesis Wankel from the RX-8. Because the male tiger does not pass on a growth-promoting gene and the lioness passes on a growth inhibiting gene, tigons are often relatively small, only weighing up to 150 kilograms (350 lb), which is about 20% smaller than lions. Mazda will return to prototype racing in 2005 with the introduction of the Courage C65 LMP2 car at the American Le Mans race at Road Atlanta.

The tigon is a cross between the lioness and the male tiger. Mazda is also the most reliable finisher at LeMans (with the exception of Honda, who have entered only three cars in only one year), with 67% of entries finishing. Male ligers are sterile, but female ligers are often fertile. The Sigma MC74 powered by a Mazda 12A engine was the first engine and team from outside Western Europe or the United States to finish the entire 24 hours of the Le Mans race, in 1974. Ligers share some qualities of both their parents (spots and stripes) however they enjoy swimming, a purely tiger activity, and they are always a sandy colour like the lion. This followed a decade of class wins from other Mazda prototypes, including the 757 and 767. It is said that ligers do not stop growing and will grow constantly through their lifespan, until their bodies cannot sustain their huge size any longer, reaching up to half a tonne. After the race, the winning engine was publicly dismantled for internal examination, which demonstrated that despite 24 hours of extremely hard use it had accumulated very little wear.

Because the lion passes on a growth-promoting gene, but the corresponding growth-inhibiting gene from the female lion is not present, ligers are larger than either parent. This led to a ban on rotary engines in the Le Mans race starting in 1992, which was eventually rescinded. The liger originates from mating a male lion and a tigress. In 1991, a four-rotor Mazda 787B (2622 cc actual, rated by FIA formula at 4708 cc) won the 24 Hours of Le Mans auto race outright, the only non-piston engine ever to win at Le Mans, as well as the only team from outside Western Europe or the United States. These two new breeds are called ligers and tigons. The RX7 won the IMSA Grand Touring Under Two Liter (GTU) championship each year from 1980 through 1987, inclusive. Lions have also been known to breed with their close counterparts, tigers (most often Amur), while in captivity to create interesting mixes. Following that, the RX-7 won its class in the IMSA 24 hours of Daytona race ten years in a row, starting in 1982.

There have also been recorded attacks on humans by lions in captivity. After substantial success by the Mazda RX-2 and Mazda RX-3, the Mazda RX-7 has won more IMSA races in its class than any other model of automobile, with its one hundredth victory on September 2, 1990. Some have speculated that they might belong to an unclassified species of lion, or that they may have been sick and couldn't have easily caught prey. [1]. The lions in both the incidents were all larger than normal, lacked manes and seemed to suffer from tooth decay. The only modifications were racing brake pads, exhaust, and safety equipment. The Mfuwe and Tsavo incidents did bear some similarities. The Cosmo placed 18th overall in a field of 72.

In folklore, man-eating lions are sometimes considered demons. In 1976, Ray Walle, owner of Z&W Mazda, drove a Cosmo (Mazda RX-5) from the dealership in Princeton, New Jersey, to Daytona, won the Touring Class Under 2.5 Liters at the 24 Hours of Daytona, and drove the car back to New Jersey. In both cases the hunters who slew the lions wrote books detailing the lions' "careers" as man-eaters. After winning the Singapore Grand Prix in April 1969 and coming in fifth and sixth in the Spa 24 Hours (beaten only by Porsche 911s), on October 19, 1969, Mazda again entered the 84 hour Nurburgring race with four Familias; only one of which finished, winning fifth place. Some of the more publicized cases include the Tsavo man-eaters and the Mfuwe man-eater. The next year, Mazda raced Mazda Familia R100 M10A coupes. While a hungry lion will probably attack a human that passes near, some (usually male) lions seem to seek out human prey. Mazda's competition debut was on October 20, 1968 when two Mazda Cosmo Sport 110S coupes entered the 84 hour Marathon de la Route ultraendurance race at Nurburgring, one finishing in fourth place and the other breaking an axle after 81 hours.

Verneyi). In the racing world, Mazda has had substantial success with two-rotor, three-rotor, and four-rotor cars, and private racers have also had considerable success with stock and modified Mazda Wankel-engined cars. l. This never happened, leaving the near-luxury Millenia to the Mazda brand. melanochaita) and the kalahari lion (P. The initial Amati products would have been the Amati 500 (which became the Mazda Millenia), and the Amati 1000 (a new rear wheel drive V12 successor to the Mazda 929). l. In Europe, the equivalent Xedos marque was launched, lasting just a few years.

Notable exceptions would be the cape lion (P. In the early 1990s Mazda almost created a luxury marque, Amati, to challenge Acura, Infiniti, and Lexus in North America. 55,000 years ago, therefore most sub-saharan lions could be considered a single subspecies. In other words, the Autozam Carol is sold at the Autozam store (which specializes in small cars), but it is sold with the Mazda marque, not as the Autozam Carol as it once was. Genetic evidence suggests that all modern lions derived from one common ancestor only ca. Today, the former marques exist in Japan as sales channels (specialized dealerships) but no longer have specialized branded vehicles. The main differences between lion subspecies are location, size and mane appearance, however some of the forms listed below are debatable. And consumers were confused as well by the explosion of similar new models.

. Instead of having a half-dozen variations on any given platform, they were asked to work on dozens of different models.
. This diversification stressed the product development groups at Mazda past their limits. A white lion has a disadvantage when it comes to hunting; their white color can give away their hiding place. Mazda has used a number of different marques in the Japan market, including Autozam, Eunos cars, and Anfini, although they have been phased out. There is a recessive gene in white lions that gives them their unusual color (also causing white tigers, many white tigers with this gene are bred for zoos and animal shows). The third-generation RX-7, introduced in 1993, was much liked, but few were sold, causing an end of the model's importation just three years later.

Although they are not often heard of due to their rarity, white lions do exist, in Timbavati, South Africa. The Miata was another tremendous halo car for the company, kicking off an industry boom in the sports car segment. The lion can be found in stone age cave paintings. Mazda finished the 1980s the same way as the 1970s, with an image-building sports car. Guggisberg, in his book Simba, says the lion is referred to 130 times in the Bible. The two joined together on the 626's 2-door offshoots, the MX-6 and Ford Probe. C.A.W. Mazda built an American plant (now AutoAlliance International) to build the 626, bringing the company to Ford's attention.

No animal has been given more attention in art and literature. The RX-7 and 626 buoyed Mazda's American fortunes enough for it to expand. Lions appear in the art of China, even though lions have never lived in China. Also relaunched that year was the company's entrant in the midsize market, the 626. Lions are recurring symbols in the coat of arms of royalty and chivalry, particularly in the UK, where the lion is also a national symbol of the British people. The 1979 RX-7 rotary was the company's greatest image-builder yet, casting a halo over the rest of the model line. Other extinct subspecies are the Cape Lion, the European Cave Lion (subspecies Panthera leo spelaea) which coexisted with humans throughout the last Ice Age, and the American lion (subspecies Panthera leo atrox), a close relative of the European cave lion (not to be confused with the mountain lion or puma). Even though the Wankel engine had lost its allure, Mazda persevered with the technology and found a niche for it.

Lions had become extinct in Greece, their last European outpost, by 100 AD. But the writing was on the wall for Mazda's mainstream Wankel lineup - every one of the older "rotary" models was cancelled after 1978. About 300 lions live in a 1412 km² (558 square miles) sanctuary in the state of Gujarat. Also introduced in 1976 was the Wankel-powered RX-5 Cosmo. The last remnant of the Asiatic Lion (subspecies Panthera leo persica), which in historical times ranged from Turkey to India through Iran (Persia), lives in the Gir Forest of northwestern India. That car, and 1977 GLC (its next-generation brother) saved the company in the United States with terrific reviews and better sales. When or if a male coalition takes over a pride and ousts the previous coalition, the conquerors often kill any cubs even if they did father them. The company's sales were slipping due to the Wankel's reputation as a gas hog, so Mazda responded with the reintroduction of a Familia-based car powered by a tiny piston engine, the 1.3 L Mizer.

Males are expelled from the pride or leave on their own when they reach maturity. Mazda had designed the REPU and RX-4 with the American market in mind, but the energy crisis was looming. Typically, males will not tolerate outside males, and females will not tolerate outside females. 1975 had a similar lineup, minus the retired RX-2. Both males and females will defend the pride against outside intruders. In fact, the 808 and B1600 were the only piston-engined Mazdas offered in the United States that year. Although it was once thought that females did most of the hunting in the pride, it is now known that males contribute much more to hunting than the amount for which they had been previously given credit. 1974 was the year of the rotary with the introduction of both the Rotary Pickup and RX-4.

The family consists of related females, their cubs of both sexes, and one or more unrelated males who mate with the adult females. Mazda quickly rose in prominence, helped in large part to their use of Wankel engines. Lions are predatory carnivores who live in family groups, called prides. The piston-powered 618 was gone the next year, as was the R100, but the 1.2 L 1200 was back for a single year. In the wild lions live for around 10–14 years, while in captivity they can live over 20. For 1972, the line expanded again with the addition of the RX-3 and B1600; the 1200 and 616 were replaced by the similar 808 and 618, respectively; and the boring 1800 was gone. The male lion, easily recognized by his mane, may weigh up to 250 kg (550 lb) Females are much smaller, weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb). The next year there were five cars: The compact Familia-based 1200 and R100, the larger Capella-based 616 and RX-2 and the large 1800.

It is the largest and most powerful living felid with the exception of the tiger, and the liger. Toyo Kogyo entered the United States market in 1970 with a single car, the RX-2. The Lion (Panthera leo) is a mammal of the family Felidae. At the same time, the company is expected to withdraw the slow-selling MPV from the United States market. Distinct behaviour and anatomy has been observed in this subspecies. The company will introduce a new crossover SUV, the CX-7, in 2006, along with a smaller minivan, the Mazda 5, and hybrid version of the Tribute. Panthera leo verneyi - Kalahari lion. Mazda executives have acknowledged the company's absence in many market segments worldwide, notably in the area of trucks.

Panthera leo somaliensis - Somali lion. In fall 2005, three vehicles based on the 6's CD3 architecture were released — the Ford Fusion, Mercury Milan, and Lincoln Zephyr. Panthera leo senegalensis - West African lion, or Senegal lion. This is very different from the climate in 1996, when commentators expected Ford to impose its own engineering on Mazda and lead to the loss of Mazda's proprietary expertise. Panthera leo roosevelti - Abyssinian lion. It has been widely rumored for a few years that Ford will use the Mazda 6/Atenza's platform in upcoming new cars. Once widespread from Turkey, across the Middle East, to India and Bangladesh, but large prides and daylight activity made it easier to poach than tigers or leopards. The new MX-5 (the "Miata" name formerly used in North America has been dropped) debuted in autumn 2005 and is claimed to share no common parts with the previous model except for the side indicator repeaters used on European cars.

200 currently exist in the Gir Forest of India. By 2004, Mazda had surpassed the ailing Mitsubishi in sales. Panthera leo persica - Asiatic lion. Mazda 6/Atenza, RX-8, and Mazda 3/Axela proved popular and helped change perceptions of the brand. Panthera leo nubica - East African lion. Once the new cars arrived, however, the company quickly turned around. Panthera leo melanochaita - Cape lion; extinct in 1860. 2001 was a very difficult year for Mazda, as new models were in development and the company would have no new product until mid-2002.

Panthera leo massaicus - Massai lion. Patterned after Mazda's Hofu plant, AAT is now an important manufacturing location for the company. [1]. In 1998, Mazda and Ford opened a new plant in Thailand, AutoAlliance Thailand. Roman notables, including Sulla, Pompey, and Julius Caesar, often ordered the mass slaughter of Barbary lions - up to 400 at a time. In 1994, the Mazda B-Series line was split between an international (Mazda-designed) version and North American clone of the Ford Ranger. Barbary lions were kept by Roman emperors, who ordered the capture of literally thousands of individuals to fight in the gladiator arenas. Mazda and Ford continued joint efforts.

The last wild Barbary lion was killed in Morocco in 1922 due to excessive hunting. While technically superior, the 1998 replacement for the MX-5 (Miata) lost much of the purity of the original 1989 design, which is still preferred by many enthusiasts. This was the largest of the lion subspecies, which ranged from Morocco to Egypt. Mazda was widely criticised in Europe for the sheer blandness of its late-1990s designs, including the last 323 and 626 which compared unfavourably to the previous models. Panthera leo leo - Barbary lion; extinct in the wild. To resolve this issue, Mazda commissioned for a new logo in 1998 ("Wings" or "Owl"), which it uses till this day and features in considerably larger sizes on every model. Panthera leo krugeri - South African lion. The new version is consistently used in 1990s Mazdas, but never became as well known as the lettertype.

Panthera leo hollisteri - Congo lion. In 1991 a new logo was introduced, but was soon swapped for a rounded-off version ("Eternal Flame") because the original had an uncomfortable resemblance to Renault's logo. From France to the Balkans. The "Mazda" lettertype was introduced in 1975 as part of Japan's first CAD-assisted corporate identity redesign. Extinct around 100AD due to hunting and competition from feral dogs. In other markets, Mazda's identity crisis saw it confused over which logo to adopt. Panthera leo europaea - European lion. A common opinion is that the sheer number of models had overwhelmed the company - in 1993 Mazda sold seven models based on the 626, yet they only amounted to 1/3 the sales achieved by the comparable Toyota.

Panthera leo bleyenberghi - Katanga lion. The number of brands was also an attempt to match Toyota and Nissan, both of which had multiple chains in Japan. Panthera leo azandica - North East Congo lion. However plans for Amati was pulled at the last minute, and the rumored V12-engined flagship was shelved. Eunos was to have a counterpart overseas in the US-market Amati luxury division, and Xedos in Europe. With the aim of doubling its sales, Mazda launched three new brands in Japan, Eunos, Anfini and Autozam.

It chose to do so because market research revealed that the Mazda brand has the connotation of economic, budget cars both in Japan and abroad. In the late 1980s, Mazda embarked on a disastrous attempt to diversify its brand names. The rest of the lineup was poorly-received in the United States and Japan; their popularity in Europe didn't seem to make up for the losses. Due to the high price, the third-generation RX-7 sold poorly (although continues to be a tuner car favorite), and the Miata could not sustain the company's sales.

The 1990s were a decade of decline for Mazda. Despite complaints of plaigiarising the Lotus Elan, the Miata has been very successful till this day. This model revitalized the world sports car market, which was filled at the time with expensive, heavy GT cars. Mazda finished the decade with the revolutionary Eunos Roadster (Mazda MX-5 or Miata outside Japan) sports car (for the 1989 model year).

production was initiated via a joint venture with Ford called AutoAlliance International. U.S. Mazda also began building the new-for-1988 626/MX-6 in the United States. Mazda also contributed to Ford's lineup, most notably with the MX-6-based Ford Probe.

(This is still very significant today whenever a non-Toyota tops the sales charts). The early-80s 323 (GLC in North America) and 626 were massive hits, with the 323 taking the number one spot in Japanese car sales, overtaking the Toyota Corolla. Having said that, the 80s saw the most mainstream success for Mazda. The 1980s saw Mazda transition from a niche Japanese player to a part of the global Ford empire.

The first RX-7 released in 1978 would be a strong image leader for Mazda, but actual sales revival would not come until the early 1980s. However, the 1970s also saw Mazda's first financial crisis, which led to Ford taking a 25% stake in the company. The only exception was the Mazda Chantez keicar, because other car makers vetoed the move. The Wankel "rotary" engines outperformed their piston-based competitors by a large margin, and Mazda made the most of the powerplant by putting it in almost every product they sold, from the Rotary Pickup to the RX-7, and even the large Luce sedan.

Internationally, the 1970s were the heyday of Mazda as a performance leader. Mazda also entered the United States market at the end of the decade. In just this decade, the marque progressed from a 16 horsepower (12 kW) keicar to a Wankel engined sports car, the Mazda Cosmo. The year 1960 was the birth of Mazda as an automaker.

Ford and Mazda have moved onto collaboration in a more fundamental sense, by way of platform sharing. The badge-engineered models came to an end in the early 00s, as Ford replaced the Laser with its own Focus, and Telstar with its own Mondeo. Ford also used the Mazda models to establish its own retail presence in Japan - the Autorama dealers sold these cars, plus the occasional Ford US and Ford Europe models. These models replaced the models from Ford Europe sold throughout the 1970s.

The 1979 deal paved way for Ford selling badge-engineered Mazdas in Asia and Australia, such as the Laser and Telstar. Ford has based many of its models on Mazdas, such as the Probe, late model (North American) Escort and Mercury Tracer, and the co-developed Escape/Mazda Tribute. The Ford Motor Company has owned 25% of Mazda since 1979, and its stake was increased to a 33.4% controlling interest in 1996 when Mazda fell into financial crisis. The first four-wheel car, the Mazda R360 was introduced in 1960, followed by the Mazda Carol in 1962.

The company formally adopted the Mazda name in 1984, though every automobile sold from the beginning bore that name. Toyo Kogyo moved from manufacturing machine tools to vehicles, with the introduction of the Mazda-Go in 1931, although they produced weapons for the Japanese military throughout the Second World War. Mazda began as the Toyo Cork Kogyo Co., Ltd, founded in Japan in 1920. .

As of 2005, the company produces roughly 800,000 automobiles per year with sales evenly divided among Japan, Europe, and North America. Mazda Motor Corporation (マツダ Matsuda) TYO: 7261 is a Japanese automobile maker based in Hiroshima, Japan. It was recorded for the movie Only The Strong which was released in 1993. The Zoom Zoom Zoom song (used in current commercials in Europe and Japan) was recorded long before it became the official song for Mazda.

In Japanese, the company is referred to either by its anglicised name (MAZDA Motors) or as マツダ (Matsuda), after its founder. It is also said that Mazda coincides with the anglicized pronunciation of the founder's name, Jujiro Matsuda. In North American catalogues Mazda sends out the name of the company is explained to be derived from Zoroastrian deity Ahura Mazda. Lewis Booth went back to Ford in 2003 and Mazda Director Hisakazu Imaki is now CEO.

He was followed by Ford President James Miller in 1997, and Mark Fields in 1999 until 2001, when he was tapped to lead Ford's Premier Automotive Group and handed the reins to Lewis Booth. Many Japanese media outlets at the time reacted in shock and horror, and wondered if Ford would cut jobs. Mazda had the distinction of having the first foreign CEO to head a Japanese car company, former Ford Motor Company CFO, Scottish-born Henry Wallace in 1996. Today, the B-Series/Courier/Ranger and Truck/Ranger are two entirely different truck lines in the two markets.

Internationally, however, the both the Ranger and Courier names were then applied to versions of Mazda's truck. For North America, Ford replaced the Courier with the in-house Ranger design in the 1980s, only to have the badge engineering reverse itself in 1994 as the B-Series became a Ranger clone in that market. The Courier was launched internationally in the 1970s as a clone of the Mazda. Mazda's B-Series and Ford's Courier and Ranger have an interesting history.

It is the only car not powered by a piston engine to win at Le Mans. Mazda is the only Asian automaker to have won the 24 Hours of Le Mans race, which the company accomplished in 1991 with their rotary-powered 787B. Mazda is the only manufacturer to ever produce a Miller cycle engine, as used in the 1993 Mazda Millenia. Mazda is the only remaining manufacturer of Wankel "rotary" engine automobiles, and is the only manufacturer to produce 2 and 3 rotor Wankel engines for production.