LimeWire

Researchers at Cornell University developed a reputation management add-in called Credence that allows users to distinguish between "genuine" and "suspect" files before downloading them. The continually increasing value of Olympic broadcast partnership has enabled the IOC to deliver substantially increased financial support to the IFs with each successive Games. Being open source, LimeWire has spawned several forks, including LionShare, an experimental software development project at Penn State University, FrostWire, and Acquisition, a popular Macintosh-based Gnutella client with a proprietary interface. The IOC provides financial support from Olympic broadcast revenue to the 28 IFs of Olympic summer sports and the seven IFs of Olympic winter sports after the completion of the Olympic Games and the Olympic Winter Games, respectively. With the removal of all bundled software in LimeWire 4.0 (released May 14, 2004[2]), these objections were addressed. The IOC is now the largest single revenue source for the majority of IFs, with its contributions of Olympic broadcast revenue that assist the IFs in the development of their respective sports worldwide. Uninstallation of LimeWire would not remove LimeShop. The IOC provided approximately US$318.5 million to NOCs for the 2001 - 2004 quadrennium.

Among other things, LimeShop monitored online purchases in order to redirect sales commissions to LimeWire LLC. The continued success of the TOP programme and Olympic broadcast agreements has enabled the IOC to provide increased support for the NOCs with each Olympic quadrennium. Prior to April 2004, the free version of LimeWire was distributed with a bundled program called "LimeShop" (a variant of TopMoxie), which was considered by computer security experts to be spyware. The IOC also contributes Olympic broadcast revenue to Olympic Solidarity, an IOC organisation that provides financial support to NOCs with the greatest need. Lime Wire LLC, the developer of LimeWire, distributes two versions of the program; a basic, free version, and an enhanced version sold for a small fee, which the developers claim [1] offers faster downloads. The IOC distributes TOP programme revenue to each of the NOCs throughout the world. The Windows version of LimeWire installer includes a stripped-down version of Sun's Java installer which will download and install version 1.5 of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) if it detects the machine doesn't have Java, or has a version of Java below version 1.4.1. The NOCs receive financial support for the training and development of Olympic teams, Olympic athletes and Olympic hopefuls.

Although researchers have identified possible vulnerabilities in the SHA1 algorithm, because LimeWire does not rely on SHA1 alone these vulnerabilities do not have many adverse implications for LimeWire's verification of downloaded files. The IOC provides TOP programme contributions and Olympic broadcast revenue to the OCOGs to support the staging of the Olympic Games and Olympic Winter Games:. LimeWire uses the SHA-1 and Tiger tree hash cryptographically secure hash functions to ensure that downloaded data is uncompromised. The IOC retains approximately 8% of Olympic marketing revenue for the operational and administrative costs of governing the Olympic Movement. Classic Mac OS (Mac OS 9 and before) support has been dropped with LimeWire 4.0.10. The IOC distributes approximately 92% of Olympic marketing revenue to organisations throughout the Olympic Movement to support the staging of the Olympic Games and to promote the worldwide development of sport. To facilitate installation for casual users, the developers release installation packages for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and for Linux, in RPM format. The following chart provides details of the revenue generated from each major programme managed by the IOC and the OCOGs during this period.

LimeWire is written in Java and hence runs on any computer with the Java virtual machine installed. The Olympic Movement generated a total of more than US$4 billion in revenue during the most recent Olympic quadrennium (2001 – 2004). It was the first file sharing program to support firewall-to-firewall file transfers, a feature introduced in version 4.2, which was released in November 2004. The Organising Committees for the Olympic Games (OCOGs) manage domestic sponsorship, ticketing and licensing programmes within the host country under the direction of the IOC. The program allows users to share files using the Gnutella peer-to-peer protocol. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) manages broadcast partnerships and the TOP worldwide sponsorship programme. LimeWire is a free and open source Gnutella peer-to-peer network client released under the GNU General Public License. The Olympic Movement generates revenue through five major programmes.

Harvard Business School Working Knowledge, 2004. Members from countries which have cities bidding to host the games are excluded from the voting process, up until the point where their city drops out of the contest. Silverthorne, Sean. The IOC members, representing most of the member countries, vote to decide where the Games will take place. Music Downloads: Pirates- or Customers?. Countries which wish to host the Summer Olympic Games or the Winter Olympic Games must bid for the organisation with the IOC, which has the ultimate authority of deciding where the Games will take place. MIT Sloan School of Management, 2002. See Olympic Charter, in force as from 1 September 2004.

Ghosemajumder, Shuman. Expulsion: an IOC member may be expelled by decision of the Session if such member has betrayed his oath or if the Session considers that such member has neglected or knowingly jeopardised the interests of the IOC or acted in a way which is unworthy of the IOC. Advanced Peer-Based Technology Business Models. 8. Retrieved July 8, 2005. Presidents and persons holding an executive or senior leadership position within NOCs, world or continental associations of NOCs, IFs or associations of IFs or other organisations recognised by the IOC cease to be a member upon ceasing to exercise the function he was exercising at the time of his election. 'SHA1 Break Rumored', Freedom To Tinker Discussion Forum (2004). 7.

Felten, Edward W. Members elected as active athletes cease to be a member upon ceasing to be a member of the IOC Athletes’ Commission. 6. Transfer of domicile or of main centre of interests to a country other than the country that was his at the time of his election. 5.

Failure to attend Sessions or take active part in IOC work for two consecutive years. 4. Age limit: any IOC member ceases to be a member at the end of the calendar year during which he reaches the age of 70. 3.

Non re-election: any IOC member ceases to be a member without further formality if he is not re-elected. 2. Resignation: any IOC member may cease his membership at any time by delivering his written resignation to the President. 1.

The membership of IOC members ceases in the following circumstances:. Presidents or persons holding an executive or senior leadership position within NOCs, or world or continental associations of NOCs, the total number of whom may not exceed 15; there may be no more than one such member national of any given country within the IOC. 4. Presidents or persons holding an executive or senior leadership position within IFs, associations of IFs or other organisations recognised by the IOC, the total number of whom may not exceed 15;.

3. Active athletes, the total number of whom may not exceed 15, elected for eight years by their pairs during the Olympic Games;. 2. A majority of members whose memberships are not linked to any specific function or office; their total number may not exceed 70; there may be no more than one such member national of any given country;.

1. Each member of the IOC is elected for a term of eight years and may be re-elected for one or several further terms. The total number of IOC members may not exceed 115. IOC members are natural persons.

Members seats have been allocated specifically to athletes, International Federations leaders and National Olympic Committees leaders. These last 10 years, the composition has evolved, in order to get a better representation of the sports world. For a long time, members of the royalty were popular targets of co-option, and there are still some around, like Prince Albert de Monaco, and then former athletes. When named, they became not representatives of their respective countries to the IOC, but rather to opposite, IOC members in their respective countries.

Countries that had hosted the Games were allowed two members, others one or none. For most of its existence, the IOC was controlled by members who were co-opted, which means they were selected by other members. The IOC Executive Board assumes the general overall responsibility for the administration of the IOC and the management of its affairs. All members of the IOC Executive Board are elected by the Session, in a secret ballot, by a majority of the votes cast.

The IOC Executive Board consists of the President, four Vice-Presidents and ten other members. To elect the host city of the Olympic Games. 4. To elect the President, the Vice-Presidents and all other members of the IOC Executive Board.

3. To elect the members of the IOC, the Honorary President, honorary members and honour members. 2. To adopt or amend the Olympic Charter.

1. Among others, the powers of the Session are:. Extraordinary Sessions may be convened by the President or upon the written request of at least one third of the members. An ordinary Session is held once a year.

Each IOC Member has one vote. Its decisions are final. It is the IOC’s supreme organ. The Session is the general meeting of the members of the IOC.

the President. 3. the IOC Executive Board,. 2.

the Session,. 1. The powers of the IOC are exercised by its organs, namely:. See Olympic Charter, in force as from 1 September 2004.

to encourage and support the activities of the International Olympic Academy (“IOA”) and other institutions which dedicate themselves to Olympic education. 16. to encourage and support initiatives blending sport with culture and education;. 15.

to promote a positive legacy from the Olympic Games to the host cities and host countries;. 14. to encourage and support a responsible concern for environmental issues, to promote sustainable development in sport and to require that the Olympic Games are held accordingly;. 13.

to encourage and support the development of sport for all;. 12. to encourage and support the efforts of sports organisations and public authorities to provide for the social and professional future of athletes;. 11.

to oppose any political or commercial abuse of sport and athletes;. 10. to encourage and support measures protecting the health of athletes;. 9.

to lead the fight against doping in sport;. 8. to encourage and support the promotion of women in sport at all levels and in all structures with a view to implementing the principle of equality of men and women;. 7.

to act against any form of discrimination affecting the Olympic Movement;. 6. to take action in order to strengthen the unity and to protect the independence of the Olympic Movement;. 5.

to cooperate with the competent public or private organisations and authorities in the endeavour to place sport at the service of humanity and thereby to promote peace;. 4. to ensure the regular celebration of the Olympic Games;. 3.

to encourage and support the organisation, development and coordination of sport and sports competitions;. 2. to encourage and support the promotion of ethics in sport as well as education of youth through sport and to dedicate its efforts to ensuring that, in sport, the spirit of fair play prevails and violence is banned;. 1.

The IOC’s role is:. The mission of the IOC is to promote Olympism throughout the world and to lead the Olympic Movement. The IOC President is responsible for representing the IOC as a whole, and there are members of the IOC which represent the IOC in their respective countries. There are other organisations which the IOC coordinates as well, which are collectively called the Olympic Movement.

For example, the Olympic logos, the design of the Olympic flag, the motto, creed, and anthem are all owned and administered by the IOC. The IOC is a parent organisation intended to localize administration and authority for the Games, as well as to provide a single legal entity which owns copyrights, trademarks, and other intangible properties associated with the Olympic games. The baron hoped to foster international communication and peace through the Olympic Games. On June 23, 1894 the Olympic games were re-created by Pierre de Coubertin after a hiatus of 1500 years.

Samaranch was formerly Minister for Sport under General Franco's Fascist government. Note: President Juan Antonio Samaranch has been elected Honorary President For Life. The President represents the IOC and presides over all its activities. The next President election will then take place in 2009.

The IOC Session (composed of the IOC Members) elects, by secret ballot, a President from among its members for a term of eight years renewable once for four years.
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Blending sport with culture and education, Olympism seeks to create a way of life based on the joy of effort, the educational value of good example and respect for universal fundamental ethical principles. Olympism is a philosophy of life, exalting and combining in a balanced whole the qualities of body, will and mind. The first Olympic Winter Games were celebrated in Chamonix, France, in 1924. The first Games of the Olympiad of modern times were celebrated in Athens, Greece, in 1896.

The IOC organises the Olympic Games: the Games of the Olympiad (Summer Olympic Games) are celebrated during the first year of an Olympiad, and the Olympic Winter Games during its third year. Its membership is 203 National Olympic Committees. The International Olympic Committee is an organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin on June 23 1894 to reinstate the Ancient Olympic Games held in Greece between 776 BC to 396 AD. Domestic Programme Revenue to OCOGs; the OCOGs generate substantial revenue from the domestic marketing programmes that they manage within the host country, including domestic sponsorship, ticketing and licensing.

During the 2001 - 2004 Olympic quadrennium, the Salt Lake 2002 Organising Committee received US$443 million in broadcast revenue from the IOC, and the Athens 2004 Organising Committee received US$732 million. Broadcast Revenue to OCOGs; the IOC contributes 49% of the Olympic broadcast revenue for each Games to the OCOG. TOP Programme Revenue to OCOGs; the two OCOGs of each Olympic quadrennium generally share approximately 50% of TOP programme revenue and value-in-kind contributions, with approximately 30% provided to the summer OCOG and 20% provided to the winter OCOG.