Lech Wałęsa

. You have to make inventors, innovators, not conformists." (Bringuier, 1980, p.132).
. But for me, education means making creators.. He has been awarded honorary degrees from several US and European Universities. In Conversations with Jean Piaget, he says: "Education, for most people, means trying to lead the child to resemble the typical adult of his society.. Apart from his Nobel Prize, Wałęsa received several other international prizes. Piaget has had a substantial impact on approaches to education.

A month later, Wałęsa went to the U.S., representing Poland at the state funeral of Ronald Reagan. The philosopher Thomas Kuhn credited Piaget's work in helping him understanding the transition between modes of thought which characterised his theory of paradigm shifts. There was some controversy if the name should be spelled Lech Walesa (without diacritics, but better recognizable in the world) or Lech Wałęsa (with Polish letters, but difficult to write and pronounce for foreigners). These discussions led to the development of the Alto prototype, which explored for the first time all the elements of the graphical user interface (GUI), and influenced the creation of user interfaces in the 1980's and beyond. His signature has been incorporated into the airport's logo. Alan Kay used Piaget's theories as the basis for the Dynabook programming system concept, which was first discussed within the confines of the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, or Xerox PARC. In May 10, 2004, the Gdańsk international airport has been officially renamed to Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport to commemorate the famous Gdańsk citizen. Seymour Papert used Piaget's work while developing the Logo programming language.

From that time on he has been lecturing on the history and politics of Central Europe at various foreign universities. Piaget also had a considerable impact in the field of computer science and artificial intelligence. After that Wałęsa again claimed his political retirement. Among others, the philosopher and social theorist Jürgen Habermas has incorporated it into his work, most notably in The Theory of Communicative Action. Wałęsa again stood for the presidential election in 2000, but he received less than 1% of votes. Piaget's theory of cognitive development has proved influential, notably on the work of Lev Vygotsky and of Lawrence Kohlberg. The real leader of the party and its main organizer was a new Solidarity Trade Union leader, Marian Krzaklewski. But many children have imaginary playmates and love to play the game of let's pretend.

However, his support was of minor significance and Wałęsa held a very low position in this party. Most people miss that children are theoretical. In 1997 Wałęsa supported and helped to organize a new party called "Solidarity Electoral Action" (Akcja Wyborcza Solidarność) which won the parliamentary elections. Another surprise is if you tell them a magic bunny moved the objects they would conserve higher numbers. After that he claimed to go to "political retirement", but he was still active, trying to establish his own political party. By focusing on the fact they cannot conserve numbers for five items you would be slow to pick up that they can do it for lower numbers. Wałęsa lost the 1995 presidential election. If you reduce the number to three they could conserve numbers.

However, during his presidency Poland was completely changed, from an oppressive communist country under strict Soviet control and with a weak economy to an independent and democratic country with a fast growing free-market economy. For example children may not be able to conserve five checkers spread out and report that there are more checkers. His style of presidency was however strongly criticized by most of the political parties, and he lost most of the initial public support by the end of 1995. Piaget however used their problem areas to help understand their cognitive growth and development. During his presidency he started so called "war at the top" which practically meant changing the government annually. Some people have used his ideas to focus on what children cannot do. On December 9, 1990 Wałęsa won the presidential election to become president of Poland for the next five years. Piaget viewed children as little philosophers and scientists building their own individual theories of knowledge.

Poland, while still a communist country in theory, started to change its economy to the free market system. Advancement through these levels was explained through biology and culture along with a "third factor" called equilibration, working inter-dependently with the other two. After that agreement, to the big surprise of the Communist Party, the parliament chose Tadeusz Mazowiecki for prime minister of Poland. These four stages are labeled the Sensorimotor stage, which occurs from birth to age two, (children experience through their senses), the Preoperational stage, which occurs from ages two to seven (motor skills are acquired), the Concrete operational stage, which occurs from ages seven to eleven (children think logically about concrete events), and the Formal Operational stage, which occurs after age eleven (abstract reasoning is developed here). At the end of 1989 he persuaded leaders from formally communist ally parties to form a non-communist coalition government, which was the first non-communist government in the Soviet Bloc. Piaget became a professor of psychology at the University of Geneva from 1929 to 1975 and is best known for organizing cognitive development into a series of stages-- the levels of development corresponding to infancy, childhood, and adolescence. While technically just a Chairman of Solidarity Trade Union at the time Wałęsa played a key role in Polish politics. In 1923, he married Valentine Châtenay, and they had three children, whom he studied from infancy.

Formally it was just an advisory body, but practically it was a kind of a political party, which won parliament elections in 1989 (Opposition took 48% of seats in the Sejm out of 49% that were subject of free elections and all but one seats in the newly re-established senate; the remaining 51% of seats were given automatically to Communist Party according to the Round Table agreements). In 1921, he returned to Switzerland as director of the Rousseau Institute in Geneva. In 1989 Wałęsa organized and led the Citizenship Committee of the Chairman of Solidarity Trade Union. He then moved from Switzerland to France, where he taught at the school for boys run by Alfred Binet, the developer of the Binet intelligence test, in Grange-aux-Belles. During the talks the government signed an agreement to re-establish the Solidarity Trade Union and to organize "half-free" elections to Polish parliament. His interest in psychoanalysis can also be dated to this period. Wałęsa was an informal leader of the "non-governmental" side during the talks. During this time, he published two philosophical papers which showed the direction of his thinking at the time, but which he later dismissed as adolescent work.

After eighty days the government agreed to enter into round-table talks in September. in natural science from the University of Neuchâtel and studied briefly at the University of Zürich. In 1988 Wałęsa organized an occupational strike in Gdańsk Shipyard, demanding only the re-legalisation of the Solidarity Trade Union. He received a Ph.D. From 1987 to 1990 Wałęsa organized and led the "half-illegal" Temporary Executive Committee of Solidarity Trade Union. Over the next seven decades he wrote more than sixty books and several hundred articles. Wałęsa donated the prize money to the Solidarity movement's temporary headquarters in exile (in Brussels). His long scientific career began in 1907 at the age of eleven with the publication of a short paper on the albino sparrow.

He was unable to receive the prize himself, fearing that the government would not let him back in, so his wife Danuta Wałęsowa received the prize in his place. He was a precocious child and developed an interest in biology, particularly of mollusks, to the point of publishing a number of papers before he graduated from high school. 1983 also saw Wałęsa being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. His father, Arthur, was a professor of medieval literature at the University of Neuchâtel. While formally treated as a "simple worker", he was practically under house arrest until 1987. He was born in Neuchâtel in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. In 1983 he applied to come back to Gdańsk Shipyard to his former position as a simple electrician. .

He was interned for 11 months in south-eastern Poland near the Soviet border until November 14, 1982. Jean Piaget (August 9, 1896 – September 16, 1980) was a Swiss developmental psychologist, famous for working out a sequence of stages of cognitive development, and notable for his idea that children (and indeed adults) are continually generating theories about the external world (which are kept or dismissed depending on whether we see them working or not in practice). Wałęsa kept this position until December 1981, when Prime Minister Wojciech Jaruzelski declared a state of martial law. 1971-80 Emeritus Professor, University of Geneva. The Strike Coordination Committee legalized itself into National Coordination Committee of Solidarność Free Trade Union, and Wałęsa was chosen as a chairman of this Committee. 1955-80 Director, International Centre for Genetic Epistemology, Geneva. In September of that year, the Communist government signed an agreement with the Strike Coordination Committee to allow legal organization, but not actual free trade unions. 1952-64 Professor of Genetic Psychology, Sorbonne, Paris.

Several days later he stopped workers who wanted to leave Gdańsk Shipyard, and persuaded them to organize the Strike Coordination Committee (Międzyzakładowy Komitet Strajkowy) to lead and support the naturally occurred general strike in Poland. 1940-71 Professor of Experimental Psychology, University of Geneva. The strike was spontaneously followed by similar strikes across Poland. 1939-51 Professor of Sociology, University of Geneva. In August 14, 1980, after the beginning of an occupational strike in the Gdańsk Shipyard, Wałęsa illegally scaled the wall of the Shipyard and became the leader of this strike. 1938-51 Professor of Experimental Psychology and Sociology, University of Lausanne. He was arrested several times in 1979 for organizing an "anti-state" organization, but not found guilty in court and released at the beginning of 1980, after which he re-entered the Gdańsk shipyard. 1932-71 Director, Institute of Educational Sciences, University of Geneva.

In 1978, together with Andrzej Gwiazda and Aleksander Hall, he organized the illegal underground Free Trade Union of Pomerania (Wolne Związki Zawodowe Wybrzeża). 1929-67 Director, International Bureau of Education, Geneva. Due to his being on an informal blacklist, he couldn't find another job and lived at the time thanks to his friends' personal help. 1929-39 Professor of the History of Scientific Thought, University of Geneva. In 1976 Wałęsa lost his job in Gdańsk Shipyard for collecting signatures for a petition to build a memorial for the killed workers. 1925-29 Professor of Psychology, Sociology and the Philosophy of Science, University of Neuchatel. After the bloody end of the strike, resulting in over 80 workers killed by the riot police, Wałęsa was arrested and convicted of "anti-social behaviour", spending one year in prison. 1921-25 Research Director, Institut Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Geneva.

He was a member of the illegal strike committee in Gdańsk Shipyard in 1970. Hove, UK: Psychology Press. In 1969 he married Danuta Gołoś, and the couple now have eight children. Studies in Reflecting Abstraction. Lenina, now Stocznia Gdańska) as an electrical technician in 1967. (2001). He attended primary and vocational school, before entering Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk (Stocznia Gdańska im. Piaget, J.