Laptop

Laptop with touchpad. An older (1997) Micron laptop. A modern mid-range HP Laptop. Being large and powerful, with average battery life, it is best used as a desktop replacement

A laptop computer (also known as notebook computer) is a small mobile personal computer, usually weighing from 1 to 3 kilograms (2 to 7 pounds). Terms for subtypes of notebooks (and related computer types) include:

  • Notebooks smaller than a A4 sheet of paper and weighing around 1 kg are sometimes called sub-notebooks or subnotebooks.
  • Notebooks weighing around 5 kg are sometimes termed desknotes (desktop/notebook).
  • Powerful laptops (often heavy) designed to compete with the computing power offered by a typical desktop are sometimes known as desktop replacements.
  • Computers larger than PDAs but smaller than notebooks are also sometimes a called palmtops.

Laptops usually run on batteries, but also from adapters which also charge the battery using mains electricity.

Laptops are capable of many of the same tasks that desktop computers perform, although they are typically less powerful for the same price. Laptops contain components that are similar to those in their desktop counterparts and perform the same functions but are miniaturized and optimized for mobile use and efficient power consumption. Laptops usually have liquid crystal displays and use SO-DIMM (Small Outline DIMM) modules (rather than the larger DIMMs used in desktop computers) for their RAM. In addition to a built-in keyboard, they may utilize a touchpad (also known as a trackpad) or a pointing stick for input, though an external mouse or keyboard can usually be attached.

History

The Macintosh Portable, Apple's first attempt at a laptop.

Before laptop computers were technically feasible, similar ideas had been proposed, most notably Alan Kay's Dynabook concept, developed at Xerox PARC in the early 1970s.

The first commercially available portable computer was the Osborne 1 in 1981, which used the CP/M operating system. Although it was large and heavy compared to today's laptops, with a tiny CRT monitor, it had a near-revolutionary impact on business, as professionals were able to take their computer and data with them for the first time. This and other "luggables" were inspired by what was probably the first portable computer, the Xerox NoteTaker, developed at Xerox PARC in 1976; however, only ten prototypes were built. The Osborne was about the size of a portable sewing machine, and importantly could be carried on a commercial aircraft. However, it was not possible to run the Osborne on batteries; it had to be plugged in.

A more enduring success was the Compaq Portable, the first product from Compaq, introduced in 1983, by which time the IBM Personal Computer had become the standard platform. Although scarcely more portable than the Osborne machines, and also requiring AC power to run, it ran MS-DOS and was the first true IBM clone. (IBM's own later Portable Computer, which arrived in 1984, was notably less IBM-compatible than the Compaq.)

Another claim to be the "first laptop" was made by a novice programmer Thomas Kelly in 1982. While it was made to be used upon one's lap, it weighed 150 pounds, and therefore could not be deemed truly portable.

However, arguably the first true laptop was the GRiD Compass 1101, designed by Bill Moggridge in 1979, and released in 1982. Enclosed in a magnesium case, it introduced the now familiar clamshell design, in which the flat display folded shut against the keyboard. The computer could be run from batteries, and was equipped with a 320×200-pixel plasma display and 384-kilobyte bubble memory. It was not IBM-compatible, and its high price (US$ 10,000) meant that it was limited to specialized applications. However, it was used heavily by the U.S. military, and was used on the Space Shuttle during the 1980s. The GRiD company subsequently earned significant returns on its patent rights as its innovations became commonplace. GRiD Systems Corp was later bought by Tandy (RadioShack).

Two other noteworthy early laptops were the Sharp PC-5000 (1983) and the Gavilan SC, announced in 1983 but first sold in 1984. The Gavilan was notably the first computer to be marketed as a "laptop." It was also equipped with a pioneering touchpad-like pointing device, installed on a panel above the keyboard. Like the GriD Compass, the Gavilan and the Sharp were housed in clamshell cases, but they were partly IBM-compatible, although primarily running their own system software. Both had LCD displays, and had optional printers that attached to their cases.

1983 also saw the launch of what was probably the biggest-selling early laptop, the Kyocera Kyotronic 85. Although it was at first a slow seller in Japan, it was quickly licensed by Tandy Corporation, Olivetti, and NEC, who saw its potential and marketed it as the Olivetti M-10, NEC PC-8201, and [1] Radio Shack TRS-80_Model_100_line or Tandy 100. The machines ran on standard AA batteries. The Tandy's internal programs, including a BASIC interpreter, a text editor, and a terminal program, were supplied by Microsoft, and are thought to have been written in part by Bill Gates himself. The computer was not a clamshell, but provided a tiltable 8×40-character LCD screen above a full-travel keyboard. With its internal modem, it was a highly portable communications terminal. Due to its portability, good battery life (and ease of replacement), reliability (it had no moving parts), and low price (as little as US $300), the model was highly regarded, becoming a favorite among journalists. It weighed less than 2 kg (4 lb) with dimensions of 30 x 21.5 x 4.5 cm (12 x 8.5 x 1.75 inches). Initial specs included 8 kb of RAM (expandable to 24 kb) and a 3 MHz processor.

Among the first commercial IBM-compatible laptops were the IBM PC Convertible, introduced 1986, and the Toshiba T1000 and T1200, introduced 1987. Although limited floppy-based DOS machines (the operating system was stored in ROM), the Toshiba machines were small and light enough to be carried in a backpack, and could be run off lead-acid batteries. These also introduced the now-standard "resume" feature to DOS-based machines; the computer could be paused between sessions, without having to be restarted each time.

Another notable computer was the Cambridge Z88, designed by Clive Sinclair, introduced in 1988. About the size of an A4 sheet of paper, it ran on standard batteries, and contained basic spreadsheet, word processing, and communications programs. Although it anticipated the future miniaturization of the portable computer, as a ROM-based machine with a small display it can — like the TRS-80 Model 100 — also be seen as a foreruner of the PDA.

By the end of the 1980s, laptop computers were becoming popular among business people. The NEC Ultralite, released in mid-1989, was perhaps the first notebook computer, weighing just over 2 kg; in lieu of a floppy or hard drive, it contained a 2-megabyte RAM drive, but this reduced its utility as well as its size. The first notebook computers with standard drives were the Compaq LTE series, introduced toward the end of that year. Truly the size of a notebook, they had hard drives and standard-resolution screens.

The first Apple Computer machine designed to be used on the go was the 1989 Macintosh Portable (although an LCD screen had been an option for the transportable Apple IIc in 1984). Another "luggable," rather than laptop, the Mac Portable was praised for its clear active matrix display and long battery life, but was a poor seller due to its bulk. In the absence of a true Apple laptop, several compatible machines such as the Outbound Laptop were available for Mac users; however, for copyright reasons, the user had to supply a set of Mac ROMs, which usually meant having to buy a new or used Macintosh as well.

The Apple PowerBook series, introduced in 1991, heralded many changes that are now standard on laptops, including ergonomic improvements such as the placement of the keyboard at the back of the machine, thus creating a palm rest, and the inclusion of a built-in pointing device (a trackball). The following year, IBM released its Thinkpad series, offering similar miniaturization.

Later PowerBooks introduced the first 256-color displays, first true touchpad, and first built-in Ethernet networking.

As technology improved during the 1990s, the usefulness and popularity of laptops increased while prices went down. Several developments specific to laptops were quickly implemented in their design, improving their usability and performance compared to desktop computers. Among them were:

  • Improved battery technology. The heavy lead-acid batteries were replaced with lighter and more efficient technologies, first nickel metal hydride (NiMH) and then lithium ion and lithium polymer.
  • Power-saving processors. While laptops in 1991 were limited to the slower 80286 processor because of the energy demands of the more powerful 80386, the introduction of the Intel 386SX processor, designed for the specific power needs of laptops, marked the point at which laptop needs were included in processor design.
  • Improved liquid crystal display design, in particular active-matrix display technology, and increasingly, color screens. Early laptop screens were black and white or grayscale passive-matrix LCD displays prone to heavy shadows and blurry movement (some portable computer screens were sharper monochrome plasma displays, but these drew too much current to be powered by batteries). Improvements in production technology meant displays became larger, sharper, had higher display resolution, and could display color with great accuracy, making them an acceptable substitute for a traditional CRT monitor.
  • Improved hard disk technology. Early laptops had only floppy disk drives. As thin, high-capacity hard disk drives with higher reliability and shock resistance and lower power consumption became available, users could store their work on laptop computers and take it with them.
  • Improved interconnectivity. Internal modems and standard serial, parallel, and PS/2 ports on IBM PC-compatible laptops made it easier to work away from home; the addition of Ethernet networking ports and, from 1997, USB, and from 1999, Wi-Fi, made laptops as easy to use with peripherals as a desktop computer.
A concept render of the $100 laptop

In 2005, faculty members from the MIT Media Lab including Nicholas Negroponte introduced the $100 laptop as part of the One Laptop Per Child project. The aim is to design, manufacture, and distribute laptops that are sufficiently inexpensive to provide every child in the world access to knowledge and modern forms of education. The laptops will be sold to governments and issued to children by schools on a basis of one laptop per child. These machines will be rugged, Linux-based, and so energy efficient that hand-cranking alone will generate sufficient power for operation. Ad-hoc wireless mesh networking may be used to allow many machines Internet access from one connection. The pricing goal is to start at $100 and then steadily decrease.

Parts

Many parts for a laptop computer are smaller, lighter, or otherwise adapted from the corresponding part in a desktop computer:

  • Most modern laptops use an active matrix display with resolutions of 1024 by 768 pixels (XGA) and above, screen sizes 10 inch (250 mm) or larger, and have a PC-Card expansion bay for expansion cards, formerly called PCMCIA. Internal hard disks are smaller—2.5 inch (64 mm) compared to the standard desktop 3.5 inch (90 mm) drive—and usually have lower performance and power consumption. Display adapters and sound cards are integrated. Modern laptops can often handle sophisticated games, but tend to be limited by their fixed screen resolution and display adapter type.
  • Notebook processor: There are a wide range of notebook processors available from Intel (Pentium M (with Centrino technology), Celeron, Intel Core Duo and Centrino Duo) and from AMD (Athlon, Turion 64, and Sempron). Motorola and IBM develop and manufacture the PowerPC chips for Apple notebooks. Generally, notebook processors are less powerful than their desktop counterparts, owing to the need to conserve electricity and reduce heat output. However, the PowerPC G3 and G4 processor generations have been able to offer almost the same performance as their desktop versions, limited mostly by lower performance in other parts of the system bus bandwidth and peripheral units) in Apple's notebooks; recently, though, with the introduction of the G5s, they have been far outstripped. At one point, the Pismo G3, at up to 500 MHz, was faster than the fastest desktop G3 (then the B&W G3), which ran at 450 MHz.

Some parts for a modern laptop have no corresponding part in a desktop computer:

  • Current models use lithium ion batteries, which have largely replaced the older nickel metal-hydride technology. Typical battery life for most laptops is two to five hours with light-duty use, but may drop to as little as one hour with intensive use. Batteries gradually degrade over time and eventually need to be replaced, depending on the charging and discharging pattern, from one to five years.
  • Docking stations may be used for expanding connectors and quickly connecting many components to the laptop, although they are falling out of favour as laptops' integral capabilities increase and USB allows several peripherals to be connected through one plug.
  • Most laptops are powered or recharged from an external AC converter that usually takes the form of a plain black rectangular box. These devices weigh about 500 g (about 1 lb) and often take the name "power brick."

Upgradability

Laptops generally cost more than a desktop computer of similar specification. Performance is usually lower than that of a comparable desktop because of the compromises necessary to keep weight and power consumption low.

Upgradability is severely limited: typically only the RAM and hard drive can be upgraded. Often the CPU can also be replaced, and sometimes video card modules are upgradable too. Many laptops also include a MiniPCI slot inside, however it is usually not intended to be utilized by the end user. Because nearly all functions are integrated into the proprietary-design mainboard theoretically to save space and power, laptops are difficult to repair and upgrade. Outright replacement of faulty parts can include the display screen, drives, daughterboards, modem, storage devices and other components, but repair costs can be high, even when feasible (low upgradability). There is not a standard for A4-size laptops.

Performance

Laptop performance has been inferior to desktops for the same price. Desktops have outperformed mobile computers because new technologies expend more heat. These new technologies take time to tranfer over to the laptop market because of its smaller package. While desktops continue to outperform notebooks at the high end, both types of systems generally offer sufficient performance for the mainstream. This still existent difference in performance continues to be minimized.

Misconceptions about laptops

Despite their name, using a laptop on one's lap can be both unpleasant (due to heat from the computer, particularly from its CPU) and possibly even dangerous to the laptop, as it may overheat. It is sometimes preferable to use a laptop on a desk.

The word laptop is often spelled incorrectly as "labtop," "lab top," or "lap top."

Some computer novices assume that laptops are constantly connected to the Internet, even (for example) while located on moving vehicles. This is a myth perpetuated by many commercials, where a person is shown using the company's website from a laptop with no wires plugged into it. This is possible via Wi-Fi or related technologies, but most laptops do not maintain a constant connection to the Internet. The growth of Metropolitan area networks may render a constant connection possible in the future. However, most modern mid-range laptops have integrated WiFi, so only require a wireless router to connect to the internet; or a wireless hotspot.

Laptops & laptop brands

  • Acer - TravelMate and Aspire
  • Alienware - Area 51m, Sentia and Aurora m series
  • Apple Computer - iBook, PowerBook and MacBook Pro
  • ASUS
  • Averatec
  • Bacoc
  • Clevo
  • Compaq - EVO, Armada, LTE, and Presario
  • Dell - Inspiron and Latitude
  • ECS
  • Fujitsu Siemens - Lifebook
  • Gateway
  • Gericom
  • Hewlett Packard - HP Pavilion and HP Omnibook
  • Hypersonic
  • iQon - Qompanion
  • Lenovo - IBM ThinkPad
  • LG - XNOTE
  • Linuxcertified - Linux laptop
  • Medion
  • NEC - VERSA
  • Packard Bell - EasyNote
  • Panasonic - Toughbook
  • Samsung - Sens
  • Sony - VAIO
  • Sager - NP series
  • Tadpole - SPARCbook
  • Toshiba - Dynabook, Portege, Tecra, Satellite, Qosmio, Libretto
  • Relion
  • Rock Direct
  • Voodoo PC - Envy
  • Winbook
  • Zyrex

This page about Laptops includes information from a Wikipedia article.
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However, most modern mid-range laptops have integrated WiFi, so only require a wireless router to connect to the internet; or a wireless hotspot. 2005 - Care Bears Nighty-Night. The growth of Metropolitan area networks may render a constant connection possible in the future. 2004 -. This is possible via Wi-Fi or related technologies, but most laptops do not maintain a constant connection to the Internet. 1986 - Friends Make Everything Better. This is a myth perpetuated by many commercials, where a person is shown using the company's website from a laptop with no wires plugged into it. 1983 -.

Some computer novices assume that laptops are constantly connected to the Internet, even (for example) while located on moving vehicles. Over the years, the Care Bear characters have been seen in, or influenced, several other films and TV shows:. The word laptop is often spelled incorrectly as "labtop," "lab top," or "lap top.". The villains' profiles will be dealt with in the individual articles for the animated franchise. It is sometimes preferable to use a laptop on a desk. Throughout movies and series, there were bad guys who often tried to stop the Bears and Cousins on their missions:. Despite their name, using a laptop on one's lap can be both unpleasant (due to heat from the computer, particularly from its CPU) and possibly even dangerous to the laptop, as it may overheat. (NOTE: Noble Heart Horse was a later addition to the franchise, appearing on five of the TV episodes.).

This still existent difference in performance continues to be minimized. Below are the descriptions for all of the Cousins, old and new. While desktops continue to outperform notebooks at the high end, both types of systems generally offer sufficient performance for the mainstream. . These new technologies take time to tranfer over to the laptop market because of its smaller package. In 2004, the Bears appeared in their first PC game, Let's Have a Ball! The following year, they appeared in Catch a Star (also for the PC) [4] [5] and Care Quest (for the GameBoy). Desktops have outperformed mobile computers because new technologies expend more heat. As with the 1980s movies and television series, both films are produced by Nelvana Limited.

Laptop performance has been inferior to desktops for the same price. Another such film, The Care Bears' Big Wish Movie, was released on October 18, 2005 [1] [2] [3]. There is not a standard for A4-size laptops. As part of this comeback, the Bears' straight-to-DVD CGI debut, Care Bears: Journey to Joke-a-lot, was released on October 5, 2004 to less than critical acclaim. Outright replacement of faulty parts can include the display screen, drives, daughterboards, modem, storage devices and other components, but repair costs can be high, even when feasible (low upgradability). The new toys offer features such as light-up bellies when pressed. Because nearly all functions are integrated into the proprietary-design mainboard theoretically to save space and power, laptops are difficult to repair and upgrade. As of 2005, Care Bears are being marketed once more.

Many laptops also include a MiniPCI slot inside, however it is usually not intended to be utilized by the end user. The Care Bears television series ran from 1985 to 1988; three animated feature film spinoffs, The Care Bears Movie (1985), The Care Bears Movie II: A New Generation (1986), and The Care Bears Adventure in Wonderland (1987) followed. Often the CPU can also be replaced, and sometimes video card modules are upgradable too. A spin-off collection of toys, the Care Bear Cousins, feature stuffed monkeys, lions, and other such animals in the same style as the teddy bears. Upgradability is severely limited: typically only the RAM and hard drive can be upgraded. Each Care Bear comes in a different colour and with a specialized insignia on its belly: for example, "Bedtime Bear" is pastel blue and sports a sleepy-looking anthropomorphised crescent moon, and "Cheer Bear" is pink with a rainbow insignia. Performance is usually lower than that of a comparable desktop because of the compromises necessary to keep weight and power consumption low. Over 40 million units were sold between 1983 and 1987.

Laptops generally cost more than a desktop computer of similar specification. In 1983, Kenner took the characters and made the first in a line of very successful teddy bears based on the Care Bears. Some parts for a modern laptop have no corresponding part in a desktop computer:. The original artwork for the cards was painted by artist Elena Kucharik. Many parts for a laptop computer are smaller, lighter, or otherwise adapted from the corresponding part in a desktop computer:. The Care Bears are a set of characters created by American Greetings in 1981 for use on greeting cards. The pricing goal is to start at $100 and then steadily decrease. The name "Care Bears" is only a Trademark(™); the actual copyright is from an entity titled "Those Characters from Cleveland".

Ad-hoc wireless mesh networking may be used to allow many machines Internet access from one connection. In 2005, "Care Bears" placed 7th among AOL's top ten searches for toys [7]. These machines will be rugged, Linux-based, and so energy efficient that hand-cranking alone will generate sufficient power for operation. It is generally a derogatory term in this instance. The laptops will be sold to governments and issued to children by schools on a basis of one laptop per child. In MMORPG games the term carebear normally refers to a player that does not like Player vs Player (PvP) conflict in the game. The aim is to design, manufacture, and distribute laptops that are sufficiently inexpensive to provide every child in the world access to knowledge and modern forms of education. However, during the cartoon series, both the Care Bears and the Care Bear Cousins both use the "Care Bear Stare.".

In 2005, faculty members from the MIT Media Lab including Nicholas Negroponte introduced the $100 laptop as part of the One Laptop Per Child project. During the movies, especially the sequel, the Care Bear Cousins call their weapon "Care Bear Cousins Call." In the second movie, the Call looks like a musical score, and the cousins, excluding Swift Heart Rabbit, use whatever animal noises is common to that animal. Among them were:. The Care Bears' ultimate "weapon" is the Care Bear Stare, in which the collected bears stand together and radiate light from their respective chest symbols, combining to form a ray of love and good cheer which could bring care and joy into the target's heart. Several developments specific to laptops were quickly implemented in their design, improving their usability and performance compared to desktop computers. In the Swedish dubs of the various series, the villains Dark Heart, Coldheart and No Heart are, for some reason, all called the same name, "Hjärtlös" (or Heartless). As technology improved during the 1990s, the usefulness and popularity of laptops increased while prices went down. The Colombian dub is considered for being the worst Latin American Spanish dub of the Care Bears' TV series.

Later PowerBooks introduced the first 256-color displays, first true touchpad, and first built-in Ethernet networking. (The movies were dubbed in Mexico, the first half of the Nelvana series was dubbed in Chile, the second half was dubbed in Venezuela and a new dubbed version, showing in the Latin American version of Cartoon Network's Boomerang channel, is now dubbed in Colombia. The following year, IBM released its Thinkpad series, offering similar miniaturization. The Latin American Spanish dub of the Care Bears is the most chaotic dub ever known, mainly because the movies and the TV series were dubbed in many countries by different cast members. The Apple PowerBook series, introduced in 1991, heralded many changes that are now standard on laptops, including ergonomic improvements such as the placement of the keyboard at the back of the machine, thus creating a palm rest, and the inclusion of a built-in pointing device (a trackball). Coincidentally, she comes from Sigma Sigma Sigma, the same group where the cartoon's founder, Linda Denham, came from. In the absence of a true Apple laptop, several compatible machines such as the Outbound Laptop were available for Mac users; however, for copyright reasons, the user had to supply a set of Mac ROMs, which usually meant having to buy a new or used Macintosh as well. The term Care Bears was used as a fan base name for Carrie Underwood (the winner of 2005's American Idol).

Another "luggable," rather than laptop, the Mac Portable was praised for its clear active matrix display and long battery life, but was a poor seller due to its bulk. As soon as the mistake was discovered, the two bears returned into their appropriate hues, and later on a children's story was written explaining why. The first Apple Computer machine designed to be used on the go was the 1989 Macintosh Portable (although an LCD screen had been an option for the transportable Apple IIc in 1984). When the franchise was introduced in the 1980s, a mistake was made causing Bedtime Bear (blue) and Wish Bear (aqua) to swap colours. Truly the size of a notebook, they had hard drives and standard-resolution screens. little bears) and cariño (a type of love that is not romantic). The first notebook computers with standard drives were the Compaq LTE series, introduced toward the end of that year. In Latin America, the Care Bears are referred to as "Los Ositos Cariñositos" from Ositos (lit.

The NEC Ultralite, released in mid-1989, was perhaps the first notebook computer, weighing just over 2 kg; in lieu of a floppy or hard drive, it contained a 2-megabyte RAM drive, but this reduced its utility as well as its size. However, French-speaking Quebec knows them as Les Calinours, or "Hug bears". By the end of the 1980s, laptop computers were becoming popular among business people. In French-speaking countries, the Care Bears are referred to as Bisounours, roughly translating as kiss bears, from bisou (kiss) and nounours (teddy bear). Although it anticipated the future miniaturization of the portable computer, as a ROM-based machine with a small display it can — like the TRS-80 Model 100 — also be seen as a foreruner of the PDA. Thai: ?????????????. About the size of an A4 sheet of paper, it ran on standard batteries, and contained basic spreadsheet, word processing, and communications programs. Swedish: Krambjörnarna.

Another notable computer was the Cambridge Z88, designed by Clive Sinclair, introduced in 1988. Spanish: Osos Amorosos (Spain), Los Ositos Cariñositos (Latin America). These also introduced the now-standard "resume" feature to DOS-based machines; the computer could be paused between sessions, without having to be restarted each time. Serbo-Croatian: Mede medenjaci, Mece Dobrici. Although limited floppy-based DOS machines (the operating system was stored in ROM), the Toshiba machines were small and light enough to be carried in a backpack, and could be run off lead-acid batteries. Portuguese: Ursinhos Carinhosos. Among the first commercial IBM-compatible laptops were the IBM PC Convertible, introduced 1986, and the Toshiba T1000 and T1200, introduced 1987. Polish: Troskliwe Misie.

Initial specs included 8 kb of RAM (expandable to 24 kb) and a 3 MHz processor. Japanese: ?????. It weighed less than 2 kg (4 lb) with dimensions of 30 x 21.5 x 4.5 cm (12 x 8.5 x 1.75 inches). Italian: Gli Orsetti del Cuore. Due to its portability, good battery life (and ease of replacement), reliability (it had no moving parts), and low price (as little as US $300), the model was highly regarded, becoming a favorite among journalists. Icelandic: Kærleiksbirnirnir. With its internal modem, it was a highly portable communications terminal. Hebrew: דובוני אכפת לי (Doobonei eechpattli).

The computer was not a clamshell, but provided a tiltable 8×40-character LCD screen above a full-travel keyboard. Greek: ΤΑ ΑΡΚΟΥΔΑΚΙA. The Tandy's internal programs, including a BASIC interpreter, a text editor, and a terminal program, were supplied by Microsoft, and are thought to have been written in part by Bill Gates himself. German: Die Glücksbärchis. The machines ran on standard AA batteries. French: Les Bisounours. Although it was at first a slow seller in Japan, it was quickly licensed by Tandy Corporation, Olivetti, and NEC, who saw its potential and marketed it as the Olivetti M-10, NEC PC-8201, and [1] Radio Shack TRS-80_Model_100_line or Tandy 100. Finnish: Halinallet.

1983 also saw the launch of what was probably the biggest-selling early laptop, the Kyocera Kyotronic 85. Dutch: Troetelbeertjes. Both had LCD displays, and had optional printers that attached to their cases. Czech: Starostliví medvídci. Like the GriD Compass, the Gavilan and the Sharp were housed in clamshell cases, but they were partly IBM-compatible, although primarily running their own system software. Care Bears Holiday Hugs. The Gavilan was notably the first computer to be marketed as a "laptop." It was also equipped with a pioneering touchpad-like pointing device, installed on a panel above the keyboard. Journey to Joke-a-lot Soundtrack.

Two other noteworthy early laptops were the Sharp PC-5000 (1983) and the Gavilan SC, announced in 1983 but first sold in 1984. Meet the Care Bears. GRiD Systems Corp was later bought by Tandy (RadioShack). The Care Bears Christmas. The GRiD company subsequently earned significant returns on its patent rights as its innovations became commonplace. Adventures in Care-a-lot. military, and was used on the Space Shuttle during the 1980s. The Care Bears Care For You.

However, it was used heavily by the U.S. Introducing the Care Bears. It was not IBM-compatible, and its high price (US$ 10,000) meant that it was limited to specialized applications. Love-A-Lot Bear's name is inspired by that of Sir Lancelot. The computer could be run from batteries, and was equipped with a 320×200-pixel plasma display and 384-kilobyte bubble memory. Similar to the Round Table used by Arthur and his knights, the Care Bear Family sits around a heart-shaped table. Enclosed in a magnesium case, it introduced the now familiar clamshell design, in which the flat display folded shut against the keyboard. The name Care-a-lot is a play on King Arthur's legendary Camelot castle.

However, arguably the first true laptop was the GRiD Compass 1101, designed by Bill Moggridge in 1979, and released in 1982. A carebear appears in the popular flash animation & song Ultimate Showdown by Neil Cicierega. While it was made to be used upon one's lap, it weighed 150 pounds, and therefore could not be deemed truly portable. Eventually, the Gigglepies turn out to be made of cow manure, so the Yugopotamians just eat them (manure is a delicacy on their planet). Another claim to be the "first laptop" was made by a novice programmer Thomas Kelly in 1982. Cosmo and Wanda submit to the cuteness of the Gigglepies, and Timmy is later informed of their tactic for taking over planets: by winning over vast races with their cuteness, having them submit, and then destroying the planet. (IBM's own later Portable Computer, which arrived in 1984, was notably less IBM-compatible than the Compaq.). Timmy, Cosmo and Wanda find that Yugopotamia, whose citizens are frightened to death of anything cute and nice, is being overrun by the Gigglepies.

Although scarcely more portable than the Osborne machines, and also requiring AC power to run, it ran MS-DOS and was the first true IBM clone. Timmy and his fairy godparents, Cosmo and Wanda go to Yugopotamia, when their alien friend Mark informs them of an alien race that is overcoming his own. A more enduring success was the Compaq Portable, the first product from Compaq, introduced in 1983, by which time the IBM Personal Computer had become the standard platform. The Fairly OddParents: The episode entitled, So Totally Spaced Out guest starred a spoof of the Care Bears, in the form of the alien Gigglepies. However, it was not possible to run the Osborne on batteries; it had to be plugged in. She screams "Sunshine Bear, wait!" and after looking at Meg, and looking at a speeding truck, and comparing the two, the bear throws itself in front of the oncoming truck. The Osborne was about the size of a portable sewing machine, and importantly could be carried on a commercial aircraft. Every animal gets across the street except for the Care Bear.

This and other "luggables" were inspired by what was probably the first portable computer, the Xerox NoteTaker, developed at Xerox PARC in 1976; however, only ten prototypes were built. She looks out the window and sees the stuffed animals running from the house. Although it was large and heavy compared to today's laptops, with a tiny CRT monitor, it had a near-revolutionary impact on business, as professionals were able to take their computer and data with them for the first time. She walks to her closet, and when she returns, they are gone. The first commercially available portable computer was the Osborne 1 in 1981, which used the CP/M operating system. Meg is sitting in her room talking to her stuffed animals. Before laptop computers were technically feasible, similar ideas had been proposed, most notably Alan Kay's Dynabook concept, developed at Xerox PARC in the early 1970s. Family Guy: The episode which aired on Sunday, January 8th 2006 mentions a Care Bear.

. He asks if one of them is a "Care Bear" and the bear replies (after bandishing a lead pipe) that he's an "Intensive Care Bear". In addition to a built-in keyboard, they may utilize a touchpad (also known as a trackpad) or a pointing stick for input, though an external mouse or keyboard can usually be attached. The Simpsons: In an episode where Homer becomes afraid of anything relating to bears after being attacked by one, he hallucinates that the bear logos on commercial commodies come to life to hurt him. Laptops usually have liquid crystal displays and use SO-DIMM (Small Outline DIMM) modules (rather than the larger DIMMs used in desktop computers) for their RAM. ER: In a recent episode, King Funshine is struck by lightning while being held by Jerry Markovic (Abraham Benrubi) [6]. Laptops contain components that are similar to those in their desktop counterparts and perform the same functions but are miniaturized and optimized for mobile use and efficient power consumption. The O.C.: In Season 1, Episode 24 ("The Proposal"), Merissa Cooper (Mischa Barton) has a Share Bear.

Laptops are capable of many of the same tasks that desktop computers perform, although they are typically less powerful for the same price. Phil: An obsessed Care Bear fan—the administrator of The Memories Board—appeared as a guest star on the syndicated show in April 2005. Laptops usually run on batteries, but also from adapters which also charge the battery using mains electricity. Dr. Terms for subtypes of notebooks (and related computer types) include:. SpongeBob SquarePants: In the Gary Takes a Bath episode, the beloved title sponge calls his pet snail "Gare-Bear". A laptop computer (also known as notebook computer) is a small mobile personal computer, usually weighing from 1 to 3 kilograms (2 to 7 pounds). Codename: Kids Next Door: The Rainbow Monkeys, who appear in many episodes, are yet another Care Bear spoof.

Zyrex. Rugrats: The Dummi Bears spoof heavily on the Care Bear franchise, especially with their Sing a Happy, Happy, Happy, Happy, Happy, Happy Song theme. Winbook. The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air: On one of the early episodes, a young girl tells Will Smith that her father only supports Care Bear music to prevent her from listening to inappropriate songs. Voodoo PC - Envy. Blade: Trinity (2004): Hannibal King (Ryan Reynolds)claims that his group the Night Stalkers originally wanted to use Care Bears as its name, but claims it was already taken. Rock Direct. The Hot Chick (2002): Rob Schneider's friend has a Cheer Bear on her keyring, seen during the scene at the race track early in the film.

Relion. Snow Day (2000): One of the characters (played by Emmanuelle Chriqui) is nicknamed "Claire-bear" by her boyfriend. Toshiba - Dynabook, Portege, Tecra, Satellite, Qosmio, Libretto. (Alyson Court appeared in that sequel as well as this independent gem.). Tadpole - SPARCbook. South of Wawa (1991): Footage from the Care Bears' Wonderland adventure are shown. Sager - NP series. Checking Out (1989) (unconfirmed): As Jeff Daniels steps outside in desert conditions towards the film's end, one of the onlookers whom his character encounters is holding a Swift Heart Rabbit doll in his hands.

Sony - VAIO. Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol (1987): During a party scene in the film, a Wish Bear raft can be seen inside a swimming pool. Samsung - Sens. Nelvana episodes - No Heart, Beastly and Shrieky (see TV series article). Panasonic - Toughbook. DiC-produced episodes - Professor Coldheart, Frostbite. Packard Bell - EasyNote. Fourth movie - Rat King.

NEC - VERSA. Third movie - The Wizard and Dim & Dumb. Medion. Second movie - Dark Heart. Linuxcertified - Linux laptop. First movie - Nicholas and the Evil Spirit. LG - XNOTE. The Birds are usually seen in the Forest of Feelings with the Care Bear Cousins and watch over them.

Lenovo - IBM ThinkPad. The Star and Heart Buddies look out for the Bears whenever they are on missions in caring. iQon - Qompanion. He only appeared in some of the franchise's early publications and on the DiC-produced TV episodes. Hypersonic. The Cloud Keeper is the portly gentleman who maintains Care-a-lot. Hewlett Packard - HP Pavilion and HP Omnibook. Paradise Valley is home to Perfect and Polite Panda (see above for profile).

Gericom. The Hall of Hearts, located inside Care-a-lot, is the Care Bears family's meeting place. Gateway. The Forest of Feelings is where the Care Bear Cousins live. Fujitsu Siemens - Lifebook. Thus protected, the Bears protect caring on Earth. ECS. High up in the clouds, it floats above all air traffic, and, with a nice comfy cloud floating above it, stays away from all satellite photographs too.

Dell - Inspiron and Latitude. Care-a-lot is the special place where the Care Bears live, and the softest, coziest place anyone can imagine. Compaq - EVO, Armada, LTE, and Presario. The Kingdom of Caring is made up of Care-a-lot and the Forest of Feelings (see descriptions below). Clevo. Her symbol is an ice cream cone, showing her wholehearted devotion to helping others live life to the fullest. Bacoc. A real sweetheart, she gets along well with everyone she meets, though she has a tendency to overeat but takes things in moderation.

Averatec. Treat Heart Pig- Featured on some of the later TV episodes, Treat Heart Pig knows how to turn any occasion into a holiday. ASUS. It is interesting to note that the gender of this character changed between movies and television series, examples of which can be seen in the Wonderland movie and The Great Race episode. Apple Computer - iBook, PowerBook and MacBook Pro. His tummy symbol is a red heart with white wings. Alienware - Area 51m, Sentia and Aurora m series. Sometimes his cockiness and overconfidence get him into trouble, but his quick thinking gets him out of it.

Acer - TravelMate and Aspire. Swift Heart Rabbit was the fastest of the Care Bear Cousins, reportedly running up to 90 mph to "help others". These devices weigh about 500 g (about 1 lb) and often take the name "power brick.". Her symbol is a curved pink star with a red heart inside. Most laptops are powered or recharged from an external AC converter that usually takes the form of a plain black rectangular box. Proud Heart Cat - A regular in the animated movies and series, Proud Heart Cat is the "purr-fectionist" of the Care Bears family, and reminds us to do our best in everything we do. Docking stations may be used for expanding connectors and quickly connecting many components to the laptop, although they are falling out of favour as laptops' integral capabilities increase and USB allows several peripherals to be connected through one plug. A heart with a party horn is his symbol.

Batteries gradually degrade over time and eventually need to be replaced, depending on the charging and discharging pattern, from one to five years. Playful Heart Monkey - Also appearing in the animated franchise, Playful Heart Monkey is the most mischievous Cousin anyone can meet--for him, the whole world is a playground. Typical battery life for most laptops is two to five hours with light-duty use, but may drop to as little as one hour with intensive use. He himself was a later addition to the family. Current models use lithium ion batteries, which have largely replaced the older nickel metal-hydride technology. In A New Generation, he took care of the other baby Bears and Cousins; his partner was True Heart Bear. At one point, the Pismo G3, at up to 500 MHz, was faster than the fastest desktop G3 (then the B&W G3), which ran at 450 MHz. Noble Heart Horse is the founder of the Care Bear Cousins, and was an overseer of the Forest of Feelings and the Kingdom of Caring in the second movie, but on the TV series, he was not much of a regular.

However, the PowerPC G3 and G4 processor generations have been able to offer almost the same performance as their desktop versions, limited mostly by lower performance in other parts of the system bus bandwidth and peripheral units) in Apple's notebooks; recently, though, with the introduction of the G5s, they have been far outstripped. The reason behind his tummy symbol, a heart-shaped medal, is because of his warm personality combined with his faithfulness and his namesake. Generally, notebook processors are less powerful than their desktop counterparts, owing to the need to conserve electricity and reduce heat output. Loyal Heart Dog is a very proper and formal-mannered pup, honest and loyal and true beyond compare. Motorola and IBM develop and manufacture the PowerPC chips for Apple notebooks. His symbol is a pink heart-stamped weight. Notebook processor: There are a wide range of notebook processors available from Intel (Pentium M (with Centrino technology), Celeron, Intel Core Duo and Centrino Duo) and from AMD (Athlon, Turion 64, and Sempron). Lotsa Heart Elephant - Featured in the movies and TV series, Lotsa Heart Elephant is the strongest of the Cousins in physical ability and perseverance, despite having a very weak mind.

Modern laptops can often handle sophisticated games, but tend to be limited by their fixed screen resolution and display adapter type. A red-heart pillow is her symbol. Display adapters and sound cards are integrated. Gentle Heart Lamb - Featured in the first and second movies, Gentle Heart Lamb is the most softhearted of the Cousins, gentle and shy as her name suggests. Internal hard disks are smaller—2.5 inch (64 mm) compared to the standard desktop 3.5 inch (90 mm) drive—and usually have lower performance and power consumption. His symbol is a stocking cap resting on the left side of a red heart. Most modern laptops use an active matrix display with resolutions of 1024 by 768 pixels (XGA) and above, screen sizes 10 inch (250 mm) or larger, and have a PC-Card expansion bay for expansion cards, formerly called PCMCIA. Cozy Heart Penguin - A star of the first movie, Cozy Heart Penguin is the sweetest and warmest of the Cousins, and the one most suited to winter conditions.

Internal modems and standard serial, parallel, and PS/2 ports on IBM PC-compatible laptops made it easier to work away from home; the addition of Ethernet networking ports and, from 1997, USB, and from 1999, Wi-Fi, made laptops as easy to use with peripherals as a desktop computer. His symbol is a yellow heart-shaped light bulb. Improved interconnectivity. Bright Heart Raccoon - The smart aleck of the Cousins, Bright Heart Raccoon is a walking supercomputer who can solve problems thinking logically, and helps his friends on their toughest dilemmas. As thin, high-capacity hard disk drives with higher reliability and shock resistance and lower power consumption became available, users could store their work on laptop computers and take it with them. Brave Heart's tummy symbol is a red heart with a crown hanging on the right side. Early laptops had only floppy disk drives. Brave Heart Lion is the (un)official leader of the Care Bear Cousins, and one of the original ten when these cousins were introduced in the Care Bears franchise--Swift Heart Rabbit, Lotsa Heart Elephant, Loyal Heart Dog and Proud Heart Cat to name a few.

Improved hard disk technology. Multicoloured. Improvements in production technology meant displays became larger, sharper, had higher display resolution, and could display color with great accuracy, making them an acceptable substitute for a traditional CRT monitor. Tummy symbol is a painters pallet with hearts of paint. Early laptop screens were black and white or grayscale passive-matrix LCD displays prone to heavy shadows and blurry movement (some portable computer screens were sharper monochrome plasma displays, but these drew too much current to be powered by batteries). Work of the Heart Bear Coming out new in 2006. Improved liquid crystal display design, in particular active-matrix display technology, and increasingly, color screens. Her symbol--a shooting star with a rainbow tail--reminds us to believe in our dreams.

While laptops in 1991 were limited to the slower 80286 processor because of the energy demands of the more powerful 80386, the introduction of the Intel 386SX processor, designed for the specific power needs of laptops, marked the point at which laptop needs were included in processor design. Wish Bear's job is help, simply enough, everyone's wishes come true, even though not all of them work the way they should. Power-saving processors. True Heart Bear - The mother of the Care Bears and the Cousins, True Heart Bear, who first appeared in the second movie, is everything one would expect the first Bear to be: warm and perky, fun and friendly and extra-lovable and loving! Her symbol, a multi-coloured star radiating from a central heart, shows all the beautiful ways that caring shines out from a loving heart. The heavy lead-acid batteries were replaced with lighter and more efficient technologies, first nickel metal hydride (NiMH) and then lithium ion and lithium polymer. He is bright blue and his symbol is a shooting star with a rainbow tail. Improved battery technology. Thanks-A-Lot Bear - One of the least known Care Bears, Thanks-A-Lot Bear's only known appearance is in the toy line as a plush, a glowing plush, and a small plush partnered with Funshine Bear.

Computers larger than PDAs but smaller than notebooks are also sometimes a called palmtops. He wears the perfect symbol for his job on his tummy--a red heart with a narrow pink border. Powerful laptops (often heavy) designed to compete with the computing power offered by a typical desktop are sometimes known as desktop replacements. A loving and lovable brown bear who knows a lot about helping others share their feelings, Tenderheart helps spread love and make it grow by helping people show they care. Notebooks weighing around 5 kg are sometimes termed desknotes (desktop/notebook). Tenderheart Bear - The leader of the Care Bears, and one of the original ten characters introduced in the franchise (the others were Bedtime Bear, Birthday Bear, Cheer Bear, Friend Bear, Funshine Bear, Good Luck Bear, Grumpy Bear, Love-A-Lot Bear and Wish Bear). Notebooks smaller than a A4 sheet of paper and weighing around 1 kg are sometimes called sub-notebooks or subnotebooks. Now she has a heart holding a star.

A smiling apple was her symbol back then. Her only appearance in the early franchise was in a 1987 cough medicine colouring book. Take Care Bear - The least-known of all the Bears, Take Care Bear helps her friends live in the best of health. He was featured in the British franchise as an exclusive plush.

His symbol represents his job: a jack-in-the box with a star popping out. Surprise Bear - A rare find in the 80s franchise, there is no one who loves good surprises so much like Surprise Bear. His tummy symbol is a bright red apple. Smart Heart Bear - Added to the toy line in 2004, this Bear teaches kids that school is fun and so is learning.

Purple in colour. Tummy symbol is a sun in heart. Shine Bright Bear New in 2006. In the 1980s franchise, Share Bear's symbol was a heart-sprinkled sundae with two straws; in 2004 it was changed to two lollipops (on the grounds that sharing milkshakes can spread germs, according to present-day distributors Play Along Toys).

She shows that, through her symbol (see below), sharing is a treat that comes from the heart. Share Bear, also a later addition, helps others to learn about sharing the things they have. Secret's tummy symbol is a red heart-shaped padlock. He can only tell secrets to his partner, Friend Bear (as the first movie strongly shows).

Secret Bear, a later addition to the Care Bears family, acts as a mime to the other members. Sea Friend Bear - Another British exclusive in the '80s between Tonka and the World Wildlife Fund, Sea Friend Bear makes sure that the world's oceans and seas are safe from harm. He is white, and his tummy symbol is a heart adorned with the pattern of the United States flag. Proud Heart Bear A rare bear, he appeared only as a toy in the '80s franchise.

Blue in color. Tummy symbol is a bouncing ball with heart in it and a rainbow bounce trail. Play-a-Lot Bear New in 2006. Image appears courtesy of The Care Bear Zone. .

They only appeared in one Care Bears episode, The Long Lost Care Bears. Perfect and Polite Panda from the Nelvana Care Bears cartoon episode "The Long Lost Care Bears". Perfect & Polite Panda - Looking after Paradise up above the skies of Care-a-lot, Perfect & Polite Panda always spoke in rhyme, finishing each other's sentences and complimenting one another's feelings. She can be seen dancing with her crush, Tenderheart Bear, at the beginning of the first movie. Though a true believer in the power of love, she is not afraid to help it along.

Love-A-Lot Bear - With two intertwined hearts as her tummy symbol, Love-a-Lot Bear spreads the message of her namesake and makes it grow wherever she goes. Her symbol--a laughing star at giving others the giggles--shows what she really is. Laugh-A-Lot Bear - Also a new addition in 2004, Laugh-A-Lot Bear turns her worst mistakes into the best jokes. Her tummy symbol is a heart with beams of light radiating out of it.

Hopeful Heart Bear was a new addition to the toy line in 2005. Blue in colour. Tummy symbol is 2 music notes and hearts. Heartsong Bear new toy coming in 2006.

She is also one of the mascots of the Sigma Sigma Sigma college sorority in real life. In 2004, it was changed into a multi-coloured flower. In the second movie (1986), Harmony's symbol was three joint-together hearts (the US version); in the British toys, it was three music notes. Her symbol (see below) shows that harmony can be achieved when different people come together for the good of all.

Harmony Bear, a peace-lover, helps others overcome differences and get along. Grumpy is a fan favourite. Grumpy Bear, whose symbol is a grey rain cloud with falling hearts, tells us that it is okay to be grumpy sometimes, but that we should always remember to be caring, even when we are upset and that it is silly when we take our grumpiness too far. As a later addition to the toy line, Grams Bear was featured, along with her grandchildren, in the first movie and on some of the Nelvana TV episodes.

A rose stands out as her symbol. A seasoned "veteran," an excellent storyteller, and a valued mentor for the family, she knows just about all there is about being a Bear, and is ready to lend a hand or a patient ear to help anyone in need. Grams Bear - The grandmother of all the Care Bears family, 'Grams Bear' looks after the Kingdom of Caring's two youngest members, Hugs and Tugs (see above). What can say better about his mission than (of course) a four-leaf clover on his tummy?.

Good Luck Bear helps spread his namesake to those he encounters. In the 2004 toy line and the direct-to-DVD feature, Journey to Joke-a-lot, Funshine was a male bear. Being happy is what she is all about. Funshine Bear - A regular in the toy line's animated fare for years, Funshine Bear, Care-a-lot's class clown, has a smiling sun as her tummy symbol--and even a smile on her face.

Two smiling flowers show up on her tummy symbol. Friend Bear, one of the original ten Bears, is the ideal friend for everyone she meets. Forest Friend Bear - A joint exclusive between Tonka and the World Wildlife Fund for the '80s British and Australian franchise, Forest Friend Bear's job is to help keep forested areas safe. She has been revamped in 2004 by Play Along Toys, her tummy symbol is a heart shaped planet Saturn with stars around it.

Her tummy symbol, two heart-shaped balloons, shows that, with imagination, there is a rainbow of happiness that we can create. She is constantly getting into funny little scrapes because her mind is somewhere else. Day Dream Bear - Made exclusively for the British version of the franchise in the 1980s, Day Dream Bear shows that daydreams are fun and help inspire people to do things, but also shows how to pay attention. However, he is the only one in the Kingdom of Caring who cannot fly a kite!.

His symbol--a colourful kite--reminds everyone that the sky's the limit when you do your best. Do-Your-Best Bear - A recent addition to the toy line (2004), Do-Your-Best Bear helps people be the best they can. A rainbow stands out as her symbol. Cheer Bear - One of the original ten, Cheer Bear's job (see picture below) is to make people feel their happiest.

He appeared in some of the Nelvana episodes and made a cameo appearance in the beginning of the third movie, Adventure in Wonderland. A yellow trophy with a heart is his symbol. Champ Bear - The Kingdom of Caring's sports guru, Champ Bear encourages the message of playtime--he is especially good at games he has never played before. His symbol is a cupcake with one candle on it.

Birthday Bear knows how to celebrate his namesake all the time. Her tummy symbol is a star and heart connected by a rainbow. Best Friend Bear - Added to the line in 2004, this Bear helps by showing that you can always find someone to be your friend. His tummy symbol (see above) says everything best about his job.

Bedtime Bear - The sleepiest Bear of them all, Bedtime Bear makes sure that people get a good night's sleep all over the world. Bashful Heart Bear - The shyest of the Care Bears, added to the toy line in 2004, her tummy symbol is a heart hiding behind a cloud with a rainbow. His tummy symbol, a smiling Star Buddy inside a diaper, reflects his bright and happy personality. Baby Tugs' aspiration is to become a Care Bear himself and join the other Bears on missions in caring.

The two siblings, looked after by their grandmother, Grams Bear (see below), are the youngest members of the Care Bears family. Baby Tugs Bear (often called Tugs), whose sister is Baby Hugs Bear, is a rough and tumble little boy cub who always gets into mischief. A Star Buddy inside a pink box—her tummy symbol—shows her personality. Sweet, curious and loving, she can never go anywhere without being hugged by anyone.

Baby Hugs Bear (often called Hugs), along with her brother, Baby Tugs Bear, with whom she often gets into mischief, is the youngest member of the Care Bears family. Orange in colour. Tummy symbol is a flower with heart petals. Amigo Bear New in 2006.

Her shooting-star tummy symbol reminds America to lift up their red, white and blue by caring for those around them, and making their country--and the world--a better place. America Cares Bear - A brand-new addition to the famous toy line (2004), America Cares Bear is the Kingdom of Caring's most patriotic member, a happy and energetic bear who believes that America's greatest strength is in caring.