Laozi

(Redirected from Lao Tzu)

Laozi (Chinese 老子, also spelled Lao Zi, Lao Tzu, or Lao Tse) is a major figure in Chinese philosophy whose historical existence is debated. Chinese tradition states that he lived in the 6th century BC but many modern scholars claim that he may have lived in approximately the 4th century BC, during the Hundred Schools of Thought and Warring States Periods. He is credited with writing the seminal Taoist work, the Tao Te Ching (道德經), and became a popular deity in the Taoist religion's pantheon.

His life

Little is known about Laozi's life. His historical existence is strongly debated, as is his authorship of the Tao Te Ching. Nevertheless, he has become an important culture hero to subsequent generations of Chinese people. Tradition says he was born in Ku Prefecture (苦縣 Kǔ Xiàn) of the state of Chǔ (楚), which today is Lùyì County (鹿邑) of Henan province, in the later years of Spring and Autumn Period. Some legends say he was born with white hair, having spent eight or eighty years in his mother's womb, which is given as an explanation for his title, which can be both read as "the old master" and "the old child".

According to the tradition, and a biography included in Sima Qian's work, Laozi was an older contemporary of Confucius and worked as an archivist in the Imperial Library of the Zhou Dynasty court. Confucius intentionally or accidentally met him in Zhou, near the location of modern Luoyang, where Confucius was going to browse the library scrolls. According to these stories, Confucius, over the following months, discussed ritual and propriety, cornerstones of Confucianism, with Laozi. The latter strongly opposed what he felt to be hollow practices. Taoist legend claims that these discussions proved more educational for Confucius than the contents of the libraries.

Afterwards, Laozi resigned from his post, perhaps because the authority of Zhou's court was diminishing. Some accounts claim he travelled west on his water buffalo through the state of Qin and from there disappeared into the vast desert. These accounts have a guard at the western-most gate convincing Laozi to write down his wisdom before heading out into the desert. Until this time, Laozi had shared his philosophy in spoken words only, as was also the case with Socrates, Jesus, the Buddha and Confucius (whose Analects were most likely compiled by disciples). Laozi's response to the soldier's request was the Tao Te Ching.

Some of the modern controversies concerning Laozi's life include:

  • The discussion with Confucius might have been fabricated by Taoists to make their school of philosophy sound superior to Confucianism.
  • The actual author(s) of the Tao Te Ching might have created a fictitious character so the origin of the text would look more mysterious, thus making it easier to popularize.
  • Arguments have been put forth that Laozi was a pseudonym of Dan, Prefect of the Grand Scribes (Tài Shǐ Dàn, 太史儋); or of an old man from Lai, a prefecture in the state of Qí (齊); or of some other historical person.
Laozi, from Myths and Legends of China, 1922 by E. T. C. Werner

His work

Laozi's famous work, the Tao Te Ching, has been widely influential in China. The book is a mystical treatise covering many areas of philosophy, from individual spirituality to techniques for governing societies.

If we refer to this book, we can draw in a few lines what and how Laozi was thinking. He emphasized a specific "Tao", which often translates as "the Way," and widened its meaning to an unnameable inherent order or property of the universe: "The way Nature is." He highlighted the concept of wei-wu-wei, or "action through inaction." This does not mean that one should sit around and do nothing, but that one should avoid explicit intentions, strong will, and proactive action; one can reach real efficiency by following the way things spontaneously increase or decrease. Actions taken in accordance with Tao (Nature) are easier and more productive than actively attempting to counter it. Laozi believed that violence should be avoided when possible, and that military victory was an occasion to mourn the necessity of using force against another living thing, rather than an occasion for triumphant celebrations. Laozi also indicated that codified laws and rules result in society becoming more difficult to manage.

As with most other ancient Chinese thinkers, his way of explaining his ideas often uses paradox, analogy, appropriation of ancient sayings, repetition, symmetry, rhyme, and rhythm. The writings attributed to him are poetical, dense and often obscure. They served as a starting point for cosmological or introspective meditations. Many of the aesthetic theories of Chinese art are widely grounded in his ideas and those of his most famous follower : Zhuang Zi.

Although Laozi does not have as deep an influence as Confucius does in China, he is still widely respected by the Chinese and his thoughts are studied in many places all around the world.

Influences

Laozi's most famous follower, Zhuang Zi, wrote a book that had a great deal of influence on Chinese Literati, through the ideas of individualism, freedom, carefreeness, and, even if the author never speaks about it, art, which may well be the cornerstone of Chinese aesthetic.

Names

The name Laozi is an honorific title. Lao (老) means "venerable" or "old." Zi (子) translates literally as "boy," but it was also a term for a rank of nobleman equivalent to viscount, as well as a term of respect attached to the names of revered masters. Thus, "Laozi" can be translated roughly as "the old master."

Laozi's personal name may have been Li Er (李耳, Lǐ Ěr or Li Ehr), his courtesy name may have been Boyang (伯陽), and his posthumous name was Dān, (聃) which means "Mysterious."

Laozi is also known as:

  • Elder Dan (老聃)
  • Senior Lord (老君)
    • Senior Lord Li (李老君)
    • Senior Lord Taishang (太上老君 Tàishàng Lǎojūn)
  • Taoist Lord Laozi (老子道君)

In the Li Tang Dynasty, in order to create a connection to Laozi as the ancestor of the imperial family, he was given a posthumous name of Emperor Xuanyuan (玄元皇帝), meaning "Profoundly Elementary;" and a temple name of Shengzu (聖祖), meaning "Saintly/Sagely Progenitor."



This page about Lao Tzu includes information from a Wikipedia article.
Additional articles about Lao Tzu
News stories about Lao Tzu
External links for Lao Tzu
Videos for Lao Tzu
Wikis about Lao Tzu
Discussion Groups about Lao Tzu
Blogs about Lao Tzu
Images of Lao Tzu


. The Rocket works out sometimes for five hours a day when he doesn't pitches. In the Li Tang Dynasty, in order to create a connection to Laozi as the ancestor of the imperial family, he was given a posthumous name of Emperor Xuanyuan (玄元皇帝), meaning "Profoundly Elementary;" and a temple name of Shengzu (聖祖), meaning "Saintly/Sagely Progenitor.". Roger Clemens is famous for his extraordinary dedication to keeping himself in the best physical condition he possibly can. Laozi is also known as:. During the 2005 season, Roger Clemens is the 6th highest paid player in Major League Baseball at $18,000,022.00. Laozi's personal name may have been Li Er (李耳, Lǐ Ěr or Li Ehr), his courtesy name may have been Boyang (伯陽), and his posthumous name was Dān, (聃) which means "Mysterious.". His son Koby, 18, was drafted by the Astros as a catcher on July 14, 2005.

Thus, "Laozi" can be translated roughly as "the old master.". They have 4 sons: Koby Clemens, Kory, Kacy, and Kody ("K" is a baseball scorer's notation for "strikeout"). Lao (老) means "venerable" or "old." Zi (子) translates literally as "boy," but it was also a term for a rank of nobleman equivalent to viscount, as well as a term of respect attached to the names of revered masters. Clemens married Debra Godfrey on November 24, 1984. The name Laozi is an honorific title. Clemens was fined $50,000. Laozi's most famous follower, Zhuang Zi, wrote a book that had a great deal of influence on Chinese Literati, through the ideas of individualism, freedom, carefreeness, and, even if the author never speaks about it, art, which may well be the cornerstone of Chinese aesthetic. (Ironically, he was only one of two major leaguers who refused to cross the picket line when the umpires later went on strike.) In the 1st inning of Game 2 of the 2000 World Series, Clemens threw a piece of a shattered bat out of his way and, as New York Mets' Mike Piazza claimed, directly at Piazza, clearing both benches.

Although Laozi does not have as deep an influence as Confucius does in China, he is still widely respected by the Chinese and his thoughts are studied in many places all around the world. Clemens was suspended for the first 5 games of the 1991 season and fined $10,000. Many of the aesthetic theories of Chinese art are widely grounded in his ideas and those of his most famous follower : Zhuang Zi. On October 10, 1990 he was ejected in the 2nd inning of an ALCS game for cursing at home plate umpire Terry Cooney. They served as a starting point for cosmological or introspective meditations. His storied temper has gotten him into hot water more than once. The writings attributed to him are poetical, dense and often obscure. He has 169 SOs, and a MLB-best 1.57 ERA.

As with most other ancient Chinese thinkers, his way of explaining his ideas often uses paradox, analogy, appropriation of ancient sayings, repetition, symmetry, rhyme, and rhythm. During that time they were shut out eight times. Laozi also indicated that codified laws and rules result in society becoming more difficult to manage. Through September 4, Clemens has an 11-6 record despite ranking 95th in run support, with the Astros scoring 3.57 runs on average in games in which was the pitcher of record. Laozi believed that violence should be avoided when possible, and that military victory was an occasion to mourn the necessity of using force against another living thing, rather than an occasion for triumphant celebrations. Currently, Clemens is in the midst of having the finest season of his career, and could post baseball's lowest single-season ERA since Bob Gibson in 1968. Actions taken in accordance with Tao (Nature) are easier and more productive than actively attempting to counter it. Only left-hander Warren Spahn is ahead of Clemens in wins among live-ball pitchers.

He emphasized a specific "Tao", which often translates as "the Way," and widened its meaning to an unnameable inherent order or property of the universe: "The way Nature is." He highlighted the concept of wei-wu-wei, or "action through inaction." This does not mean that one should sit around and do nothing, but that one should avoid explicit intentions, strong will, and proactive action; one can reach real efficiency by following the way things spontaneously increase or decrease. On May 9, he finally got his second win of the season against the Florida Marlins, giving him 330 for his career. If we refer to this book, we can draw in a few lines what and how Laozi was thinking. However, it took him a month to surpass Carlton, as he was victimized by horrendous run support in a string of five starts that produced one loss and four no-decisions. The book is a mystical treatise covering many areas of philosophy, from individual spirituality to techniques for governing societies. On April 8, 2005, Clemens won his first start of the season against the Cincinnati Reds, which tied him with Steve Carlton for second in wins for live-ball pitchers. Laozi's famous work, the Tao Te Ching, has been widely influential in China. He has more career wins than any other right-handed pitcher of the live-ball era.

Some of the modern controversies concerning Laozi's life include:. The deal gave Clemens the highest yearly salary earned by a pitcher in MLB history. Laozi's response to the soldier's request was the Tao Te Ching. However, on January 21, 2005 both sides agreed on a one-year, $18m contract, thus avoiding arbitration. Until this time, Laozi had shared his philosophy in spoken words only, as was also the case with Socrates, Jesus, the Buddha and Confucius (whose Analects were most likely compiled by disciples). The Astros submitted an offer of $13.5m and Clemens countered with a record $22m demand. These accounts have a guard at the western-most gate convincing Laozi to write down his wisdom before heading out into the desert. Clemens again decided to put off retirement before the 2005 season after the Houston Astros offered salary arbitration.

Some accounts claim he travelled west on his water buffalo through the state of Qin and from there disappeared into the vast desert. This also made him the fourth pitcher to win the award in both leagues, after Gaylord Perry, Pedro Martínez, and Randy Johnson. Afterwards, Laozi resigned from his post, perhaps because the authority of Zhou's court was diminishing. He became the oldest player ever to win this award, at age 42. Taoist legend claims that these discussions proved more educational for Confucius than the contents of the libraries. After the season, he won his seventh Cy Young Award, extending his record number of awards. The latter strongly opposed what he felt to be hollow practices. Clemens had an 18-4 record in 2004, giving him a career record of 328-164.

According to these stories, Confucius, over the following months, discussed ritual and propriety, cornerstones of Confucianism, with Laozi. On May 5, 2004, Clemens recorded his 4,137th career strikeout to place him second on the all-time list behind Nolan Ryan, and finished the season with 4,317 strikeouts. Confucius intentionally or accidentally met him in Zhou, near the location of modern Luoyang, where Confucius was going to browse the library scrolls. He chose to put off his retirement, signing a one-year deal with his hometown Houston Astros on January 12, 2004, joining close friend and former Yankees teammate Andy Pettitte. According to the tradition, and a biography included in Sima Qian's work, Laozi was an older contemporary of Confucius and worked as an archivist in the Imperial Library of the Zhou Dynasty court. His career record upon reaching the milestones was an impressive 300-155; his record at the end of the season was 310-160 with 4,099 strikeouts. Some legends say he was born with white hair, having spent eight or eighty years in his mother's womb, which is given as an explanation for his title, which can be both read as "the old master" and "the old child". He became the 21st pitcher ever to record 300 wins and just the third ever to record 4,000 strikeouts, joining Nolan Ryan (5,714) and Steve Carlton (4,136).

Tradition says he was born in Ku Prefecture (苦縣 Kǔ Xiàn) of the state of Chǔ (楚), which today is Lùyì County (鹿邑) of Henan province, in the later years of Spring and Autumn Period. The 300th win came on his fourth try; the Yankee bullpen blew his chance of a win in his previous two attempts. Nevertheless, he has become an important culture hero to subsequent generations of Chinese people. Louis Cardinals in Yankee Stadium, Clemens recorded his 300th career win and 4,000th career strikeout, the first player in history to record both milestones in the same game. His historical existence is strongly debated, as is his authorship of the Tao Te Ching. On June 13, 2003, pitching against the St. Little is known about Laozi's life. Early in 2003, he announced his retirement, effective at the end of that season.

. He finished the season at 20-3 and added another Cy Young Award to his resume. He is credited with writing the seminal Taoist work, the Tao Te Ching (道德經), and became a popular deity in the Taoist religion's pantheon. In 2001, he became the first pitcher in history to start a year 20–1. Chinese tradition states that he lived in the 6th century BC but many modern scholars claim that he may have lived in approximately the 4th century BC, during the Hundred Schools of Thought and Warring States Periods. In 1999 and 2000, he won World Series titles with the Yankees. Laozi (Chinese 老子, also spelled Lao Zi, Lao Tzu, or Lao Tse) is a major figure in Chinese philosophy whose historical existence is debated. Clemens was traded to the New York Yankees before the 1999 season for David Wells, Homer Bush, and Graeme Lloyd.

Taoist Lord Laozi (老子道君). In his 2 seasons there, he won the Cy Young both years. Senior Lord Taishang (太上老君 Tàishàng Lǎojūn). After Boston general manager Dan Duquette claimed Clemens was in the "twilight of his career" and opted not to re-sign him following the '96 season, Clemens signed with the Toronto Blue Jays. Senior Lord Li (李老君). Remarkably, Clemens accomplished the feat twice; on April 29, 1986 against the Seattle Mariners, and on September 18, 1996 against the Detroit Tigers, more than 10 years later. Senior Lord (老君)

    . Randy Johnson also struck out 20 batters in the first 9 innings of a game, but since the game went into extra innings, Johnson was not awarded the record).

    Elder Dan (老聃). Clemens is one of only two pitchers to have thrown 20 strikeouts in a 9-inning major league game (Kerry Wood is the other. Arguments have been put forth that Laozi was a pseudonym of Dan, Prefect of the Grand Scribes (Tài Shǐ Dàn, 太史儋); or of an old man from Lai, a prefecture in the state of Qí (齊); or of some other historical person. "I'd probably crack his head open to show him how valuable I was." Clemens remains the only starting pitcher since Vida Blue in 1971 to win a league MVP award. The actual author(s) of the Tao Te Ching might have created a fictitious character so the origin of the text would look more mysterious, thus making it easier to popularize. "I wish he were still playing," Clemens responded. The discussion with Confucius might have been fabricated by Taoists to make their school of philosophy sound superior to Confucianism. Hall of Fame slugger Hank Aaron angered the hurler by saying that pitchers should not be eligible for the MVP.

    In 1986 his 24 wins helped guide the Sox to the World Series (which they lost) and earned Clemens the American League Most Valuable Player award for the regular season and the first of his seven Cy Young Awards (he also won the AL award in 1987, 1991, 1997, 1998 and 2001 and the National League award in 2004). He was drafted 19th overall by the Boston Red Sox, making his major league debut on May 15, 1984. He attended Spring Woods High School in Houston, and was on the mound when the University of Texas won the 1983 College World Series. Clemens spent most of his childhood in Texas.

    He throws and bats right-handed. William Roger Clemens (born August 4, 1962 in Dayton, Ohio), nicknamed "The Rocket", is among the preeminent Major League baseball pitchers of the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s.