John CassavetesJohn Cassavetes (December 9, 1929 - February 3, 1989) was an American actor, screenwriter, and director. Cassavetes created an American form of cinema verite with his innovative camera use, bleak outlook, and emphasis on improvisation. Film critic Ray Carney called him "the father of American independent film". Cassavetes was born in New York City to Greek immigrants. He grew up in Long Island and attended Colgate University before moving to the New York Academy of Dramatic Arts. On graduation in 1950, he continued acting in the theater. By 1953, he was doing small parts in films; he continued to play a James Dean-like "juvenile delinquent" throughout the 1950s. Cassavetes also acted on television, which was still finding its feet as a medium. His experience working within television's budgetary and schedule limits influenced his later film production style. During this time he met and married actress Gena Rowlands, a fellow television actor. By 1956 Cassavetes had begun teaching method acting in workshops in New York City. An improvisation exercise in one workshop inspired the idea for his writing and directorial debut, Shadows (1960). Cassavetes raised the funds for production from friends and family, as well as listeners to a late-night radio talk show. Cassavetes was unable to get American distributors to carry Shadows, so he took it to Europe, where it won the Critics Award at the Venice Film Festival. European distributors later released the movie in the United States as an import. Although the viewership of Shadows in the United States was slight, it did gain attention from the Hollywood studios. Cassavetes directed two movies for Hollywood in the early 1960s — Too Late Blues and A Child is Waiting — but the experience was exasperating. The intervention of the studios, the lack of creative control, and the over-all dumbing down of his work was unbearable. Cassavetes refused to go through the process again. His strategy, brought on by necessity, was to work as an actor in mainstream movies, and channel the funds he made there into his work as a director. He didn't just clockwatch as an actor, though; he did masterly work in blockbuster hits of the late 1960s, including World War II epic The Dirty Dozen (1967) — for which he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor — and Roman Polanski's Rosemary's Baby (1968). His next independent film was Faces, which lay down new themes for later work. Starring Cassavetes's wife Rowlands, Faces depicted a contemporary suburban marriage in the process of slow disintegration, with the accompanying desperate and degrading sexual improprieties. Cassavetes held an unflinching camera on the pettiness and emotional greed of the distancing husband and wife and their lovers, but in the end the pathos of their story gives them an unexpected dignity. Faces was a critical and financial success, nominated for two Academy Awards (Best Supporting Actor and Actress). After Faces Cassavetes could concentrate more fully on his directorial work. He had enough leverage at this point that he could make movies in the studio system, yet retain full creative control. Husbands (1970) starred Cassavetes himself, with Peter Falk and Ben Gazzara. They play a trio of men escaping their marriages for minor peccadillos. Another in the 1970s include Minnie and Moskovitz, about a misdirected young woman seeking love, and starring Rowlands again with a small part for Cassavetes's mother, Katherine. His two masterpieces of the 1970s, however, were made independently. A Woman Under the Influence (1974) stars Rowlands as an increasingly eccentric housewife trying to keep her hold on reality. Peter Falk played her husband, who tries to keep up a facade of normality, but ultimately makes the difficult decision of committing her to a mental institution. The characters were nuanced, and the ethical situations were measured in shades of gray. The wife's behavior, while disturbing and disconcerting for those around her, is not obviously dangerous or unstable. Rowlands is an expert collaborator in the story, playing Mabel with subtlety and energy; she received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress, while Cassavetes was nominated for Best Director. The Killing of a Chinese Bookie (1976) was a movie about the experience of men as much as Influence was about women. Ben Gazzara plays Cosmo Vitelli, a small-time strip-club owner with an out-of-control gambling habit, who is convinced by mobsters to commit a murder to pay off his debt. Driven by fear and uncertainty, Vitelli deceives friend and foe alike. Author Christos Tsiolkas said of Bookie that it showed "being a man means knowing gutlessness better than knowing courage, that failure stays with you long after success." Cassavetes continued to work through the 1980s, although personal troubles with alcohol were beginning to take their toll. Gloria (1980) is a more conventional thriller starring Rowlands as a mob moll who runs off with a young boy orphaned by the mob and soon to be next. Love Streams (1984) starred Cassavetes as an aging lothario who suffers the overbearing affection of his recently divorced sister. Sadly, Cassavetes's last movie, Big Trouble (1986), was a last-minute project picked up as a favor when a younger director friend peremptorily quit the project. The movie, racked by incompatible studio and director edits, was, in Cassavetes's words, "a disaster". Already ill, he was heartbroken that it would be the last film he would do. Cassavetes's personality was overpowering and driven. He lived to make film, and sacrificed his colleagues and himself to the process. The intense effort took its toll; an alcoholic, Cassavetes died from cirrhosis of the liver in 1989 at the age of only 59. He was survived by Rowlands, who continued to act, and three children. His son, Nick Cassavetes, followed in his father's footsteps, and made 1997's She's So Lovely from the elder Cassavetes's screenplay, and directed 2004's The Notebook. A Note On ImprovisationRowlands has stated that the role of improvisation in Cassavetes films has frequently been misunderstood. Though Cassavetes allowed and even encouraged his actors to ad lib while filming, only very rarely, she says, were entire scenes filmed as they were being improvised. Rather, Rowlands reports, the actors would improvise from Cassavetes' scripts during rehersals, then Cassavetes would rewrite scenes based on the improvisations. TributesFugazi, a rock music group who shared Cassavetes' independently-minded aesthetic, titled a song after the filmaker on their 1993 In On The Killtaker album. Lyrics include: "complete control for Cassavetes/if it's not for sale you can't buy it" Selected Filmography
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Lyrics include: "complete control for Cassavetes/if it's not for sale you can't buy it". Rowlands has stated that the role of improvisation in Cassavetes films has frequently been misunderstood. "Our children are angry. His son, Nick Cassavetes, followed in his father's footsteps, and made 1997's She's So Lovely from the elder Cassavetes's screenplay, and directed 2004's The Notebook. "I don't know the key to success, but the key to failure is trying to please everybody.". He was survived by Rowlands, who continued to act, and three children. "Human beings are the only creatures that allow their children to come back home.". The intense effort took its toll; an alcoholic, Cassavetes died from cirrhosis of the liver in 1989 at the age of only 59. Anger over his remarks continued, but often the validity of what Cosby said wasn't in question (Senator Barack Obama had made similar remarks regarding the decline of the African-American family), it was the forum that was the issue. He lived to make film, and sacrificed his colleagues and himself to the process. He expanded upon his remarks in San Jose, CA during an event to promote the Read-2-Lead Classic. Cassavetes's personality was overpowering and driven. He further stated that it was up to the black community to fix its own problems. Already ill, he was heartbroken that it would be the last film he would do. Starting in 2004, Cosby publicly denounced black communities for having low standards in allowing fatherless single parent households, high crime rates, and high illiteracy rates. The movie, racked by incompatible studio and director edits, was, in Cassavetes's words, "a disaster". [1] (http://www.cnn.com/2004/US/07/01/cosby.comments.ap/index.html). Sadly, Cassavetes's last movie, Big Trouble (1986), was a last-minute project picked up as a favor when a younger director friend peremptorily quit the project. The talk was interrupted several times by applause and received praise from leaders such as Jesse Jackson. Love Streams (1984) starred Cassavetes as an aging lothario who suffers the overbearing affection of his recently divorced sister. Cosby admonished struggling young men to "stop beating up your wife because you can't find a job" and stated that African-Americans had forgotten the sacrifices of those in the Civil Rights Movement. Cassavetes continued to work through the 1980s, although personal troubles with alcohol were beginning to take their toll. Gloria (1980) is a more conventional thriller starring Rowlands as a mob moll who runs off with a young boy orphaned by the mob and soon to be next. Board of Education. Author Christos Tsiolkas said of Bookie that it showed "being a man means knowing gutlessness better than knowing courage, that failure stays with you long after success.". While Cosby received a sharp backlash, he was largely unapologetic for the remarks and continued his criticism during a speech on July 1 at a Rainbow Coalition meeting commemorating the anniversary of Brown v. Driven by fear and uncertainty, Vitelli deceives friend and foe alike. Cosby became the center of controversy in May 2004 when he made public remarks critical of low-income African Americans whom he believed to be deprioritizing education in favor of sports and fashion. Ben Gazzara plays Cosmo Vitelli, a small-time strip-club owner with an out-of-control gambling habit, who is convinced by mobsters to commit a murder to pay off his debt. Cosby received Kennedy Center Honors in 1998 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2002. The Killing of a Chinese Bookie (1976) was a movie about the experience of men as much as Influence was about women. On March 12, 1997 Mikail Markhasev was arrested in Los Angeles and charged with the attempted robbery and shooting of Ennis. Rowlands is an expert collaborator in the story, playing Mabel with subtlety and energy; she received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress, while Cassavetes was nominated for Best Director. Their only son Ennis Cosby, aged 27, was murdered on January 16, 1997, while changing a flat tire in Los Angeles, California. The wife's behavior, while disturbing and disconcerting for those around her, is not obviously dangerous or unstable. He is married to Camille Hanks and they have four daughters. The characters were nuanced, and the ethical situations were measured in shades of gray. He is now a leading educational philanthropist. Peter Falk played her husband, who tries to keep up a facade of normality, but ultimately makes the difficult decision of committing her to a mental institution. The Cosby Show also served as a vehicle to raise issues of drugs, illiteracy, teen pregnancy, and gang violence. A Woman Under the Influence (1974) stars Rowlands as an increasingly eccentric housewife trying to keep her hold on reality. Notably, he structured the 80's Cosby family to represent children at all ages, and the addition of Sandra as a Princeton-educated lawyer is meant to show how good parenting and education of children leads to success. His two masterpieces of the 1970s, however, were made independently. He has attempted to integrate education with television in some projects, such as Picture Pages, where Cosby taught children how to draw in a series of shorts aired by PBS. Another in the 1970s include Minnie and Moskovitz, about a misdirected young woman seeking love, and starring Rowlands again with a small part for Cassavetes's mother, Katherine. Cosby earned a doctorate in education from the University of Massachusetts in 1977: his thesis concerned the use of the Fat Albert series as a teaching aid. They play a trio of men escaping their marriages for minor peccadillos. A colorful work of Cosby was his portrayal as a bigot in Bill Cosby on Prejudice (1971). Husbands (1970) starred Cassavetes himself, with Peter Falk and Ben Gazzara. Despite his success in other media, Cosby's film acting career has been characterized by mediocre projects such as Leonard Part 6 (1987) and Ghost Dad (1990), although he did star in a series of successful comedy films with Sidney Poitier in the mid-1970s such as Let's Do it Again. He had enough leverage at this point that he could make movies in the studio system, yet retain full creative control. In fact, Fatherhood and Time Flies were the best selling non-fiction hardback books of 1986 and 1987, respectively. After Faces Cassavetes could concentrate more fully on his directorial work. He has also written several humorous books about different aspects of life, based on his stand-up comedy such as Fatherhood and Love and Marriage. Faces was a critical and financial success, nominated for two Academy Awards (Best Supporting Actor and Actress). He won several Grammy awards for comedy albums, had a top forty song ("Little Old Man") in 1969, and sang on a number of albums. Cassavetes held an unflinching camera on the pettiness and emotional greed of the distancing husband and wife and their lovers, but in the end the pathos of their story gives them an unexpected dignity. Bill Cosby was a regular on the Captain Kangaroo show in the 1980s, presenting the "Picture Pages" segment which was later syndicated on its own. Starring Cassavetes's wife Rowlands, Faces depicted a contemporary suburban marriage in the process of slow disintegration, with the accompanying desperate and degrading sexual improprieties. He has producer, writer, director and even composer credits on many of his projects. His next independent film was Faces, which lay down new themes for later work. Cosby then appeared in a series of shows named after himself: The Bill Cosby Show, The New Bill Cosby Show, the animated Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids, Cos, The Cosby Show, The Cosby Mysteries, and Cosby (based upon the British series One Foot In The Grave). He didn't just clockwatch as an actor, though; he did masterly work in blockbuster hits of the late 1960s, including World War II epic The Dirty Dozen (1967) — for which he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor — and Roman Polanski's Rosemary's Baby (1968). Cosby won two Emmy Awards for his portrayal of an undercover CIA agent; it was also the first time an African-American actor starred in a weekly dramatic television series. His strategy, brought on by necessity, was to work as an actor in mainstream movies, and channel the funds he made there into his work as a director. After working as a bartender for several years, he began his career as a stand-up comic, and was discovered by Sheldon Leonard, who landed Cosby a break-out television role in I Spy (1965). Cassavetes refused to go through the process again. Later, he won an athletic scholarship to Temple University. The intervention of the studios, the lack of creative control, and the over-all dumbing down of his work was unbearable. He joined the United States Navy in tenth grade and completed high school through correspondence courses. Although the viewership of Shadows in the United States was slight, it did gain attention from the Hollywood studios. Cassavetes directed two movies for Hollywood in the early 1960s — Too Late Blues and A Child is Waiting — but the experience was exasperating. Cosby was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. European distributors later released the movie in the United States as an import. At one time, he was one of the most highly paid entertainers in the United States. Cassavetes was unable to get American distributors to carry Shadows, so he took it to Europe, where it won the Critics Award at the Venice Film Festival. His sitcom, The Cosby Show was very successful, and notable for being one of the first to star a well-to-do middle-class African-American family. Cassavetes raised the funds for production from friends and family, as well as listeners to a late-night radio talk show. William Henry Cosby, Jr., (born July 12, 1937) is an African American actor and comedian. An improvisation exercise in one workshop inspired the idea for his writing and directorial debut, Shadows (1960). Dr. By 1956 Cassavetes had begun teaching method acting in workshops in New York City. During this time he met and married actress Gena Rowlands, a fellow television actor. His experience working within television's budgetary and schedule limits influenced his later film production style. Cassavetes also acted on television, which was still finding its feet as a medium. By 1953, he was doing small parts in films; he continued to play a James Dean-like "juvenile delinquent" throughout the 1950s. On graduation in 1950, he continued acting in the theater. He grew up in Long Island and attended Colgate University before moving to the New York Academy of Dramatic Arts. Cassavetes was born in New York City to Greek immigrants. Film critic Ray Carney called him "the father of American independent film". John Cassavetes (December 9, 1929 - February 3, 1989) was an American actor, screenwriter, and director. Cassavetes created an American form of cinema verite with his innovative camera use, bleak outlook, and emphasis on improvisation. Love Streams (1984). Gloria (1980). The Killing of a Chinese Bookie (1976). A Woman Under the Influence (1974). Minnie and Moskowitz (1971). Husbands (1970). Faces (1968). Shadows (1959). |