Jefferson Airplane

Jefferson Airplane was an American rock band from San Francisco, a pioneer of the LSD-influenced psychedelic rock movement. Various successor incarnations of the band have performed under different names, reflecting changing times and performer lineups, known as Jefferson Starship, and later simply Starship.

Jefferson Airplane was inducted in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996.

The term Jefferson airplane is also slang for a used match bent to hold a marijuana cigarette that has been smoked too short to hold without burning the hands. An urban legend claims this was the origin for the band's name, though according to band member Jorma Kaukonen the name was invented by his friend Steve Talbot as a satire of blues names such as "Blind Lemon" Jefferson [1] (http://www.jormakaukonen.com/bio.htm).

Jefferson Airplane

This rock group formed on the west coast of the USA during the summer of 1965 in what was called the San Francisco Bay folk boom. Singer Marty Balin recruited another folk musician, Paul Kantner, blues guitarist Jorma Kaukonen, jazz and folk vocalist Signe Toly Anderson, drummer Jerry Peloquin, and acoustic bassist Bob Harvey. They drew inspiration from groups such as the Beatles, the Byrds, and the Lovin' Spoonful, and built a local following at the Matrix Club.

The group made its first public appearance August 13, 1965 at The Matrix club in San Francisco. Peloquin was a seasoned musician whose disdain for the others' drug use was a factor in his departure just a few weeks after the group began its career. Skip Spence then took the drum chair. The band gradually developed a more electric sound which led to Harvey's replacement by Kaukonen's childhood friend, Jack Casady in October 1965. Later in 1965, they signed to Record Corporation of America and recorded an album for release the following year called Jefferson Airplane Takes Off. In 1966, Spence was replaced by jazz drummer Spencer Dryden and Anderson by singer Grace Slick, formerly of another San Francisco group, The Great Society. Amongst their fans, the group's name was further shortened to "the Airplane".

Membership remained stable until 1970, by when they had recorded five more albums. The first of these, Surrealistic Pillow (1967), included two classic tracks, "White Rabbit" (inspired by the hallucinogenic drug LSD, then extremely popular in San Francisco, and Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland), and the rousing anthem "Somebody to Love", as well as a reminder of their earlier folk incarnation, Kaukonen's acoustic "Embryonic Journey". The album reached number 6 in the US album charts.

After Bathing at Baxter's (1967) further showed their proficiency in psychedelic rock. Crown Of Creation (1968) was a transitionary record, more structured than ...Baxters, whereas Bless Its Little Pointed Head (1969) captured their live sound, recorded at concerts at the Fillmore and the Fillmore East. In the aftermath of the demise of the San Francisco scene, the band released Volunteers (1969), their most political venture; the title track, "We Can Be Together", "Good Shepherd", and the post-apocalyptic "Wooden Ships" were all highlights. The band performed in an early "morning maniac music" slot at the Woodstock festival during this period.

Balin and Dryden left shortly thereafter. Bark and Long John Silver were released on the band's own label, Grunt, with Joey Covington on drums and "Papa" John Creach on fiddle, after which the group effectively disbanded as Casady and Kaukonen converted their side-project Hot Tuna to a full time band. The live album 30 Seconds Over Winterland (1973) is now best remembered for its cover art, featuring a squadron of flying toasters.

Jefferson Starship

During the transitional period of the early 1970s, Paul Kantner recorded the album Blows Against The Empire with an ad-hoc group of musicians whom he dubbed the Jefferson Starship, marking the first-ever use of that name. The Starship (such as it was) included David Crosby (of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young), Jerry Garcia (of The Grateful Dead), and even former members of Jefferson Airplane. It was while that album was made that Kantner sealed his love affair with Grace Slick, and their daughter China Kantner was born shortly after.

In 1974, the Airplane was formally reborn as Jefferson Starship, with Kantner and Slick as charter members; Balin came on board in time to record the hit single "Caroline" for the first Jefferson Starship album, Dragon Fly. This line-up, which also included late-Airplane holdovers drummer John Barbata, fiddler Papa John Creach, and bassist-keyboarder-vocalist David Freiberg, along with Pete Sears, also playing bass and keyboards, and guitarist Craig Chaquico, proved to be the band's most commercially successful so far, although some Airplane fans were less than happy with its more mainstream direction. Balin's sophisticated ballad "Miracles" helped 1975's Red Octopus achieve multiple-platinum status. The follow-ups, Spitfire (1976), and Earth (1978), were both big sellers. However, Slick's alcoholism became a problem, which led to two nights of disastrous concerts in Germany in 1978. The first night, fans ransacked the stage after Slick failed to appear. The following night, Slick, in a drunken stupor, shocked the audience by using profanity and sexual references throughout most of her songs. After the debacle, she left the band.

Towards the end of 1978, the Starship (now without Grace Slick) recorded Light The Sky On Fire for The Star Wars Holiday Special, after which Balin too left the group, leaving Kantner and company to find a new lead singer in Mickey Thomas (who had sung lead on Elvin Bishop's "Fooled Around And Fell In Love"). Thomas's soaring falsetto steered the band toward a harder rock sound, although critics somewhat unfairly compared the new Jefferson Starship to Journey. It didn't help that former Journey drummer Aynsley Dunbar had replaced Barbata, who had been injured in a car accident.

After the 1979 release of Freedom At Point Zero (which spawned the hit single "Jane"), Grace Slick suddenly returned to the band for one song, "Stranger" on their next album, Modern Times in 1981. Winds Of Change followed in 1982 and Nuclear Furniture appeared in May of 1984.

Starship

In 1984, Kantner (the last founding member of Jefferson Airplane remaining) left the group, but not before taking legal action against his former bandmates over the Jefferson name (the rest of the band wanted to continue as Jefferson Starship). Kantner won his suit, and the group name was reduced to simply Starship, marking the third incarnation of the band. Freiberg, who had been increasingly marginalized in the band, left as well.

In 1985, Starship released Knee Deep In The Hoopla and immediately scored two # 1 hits with "We Built This City" and "Sara"; the first time any incarnation of the Airplane had had a # 1 hit. The album went platinum.

Starship also had a Hollywood connection. In 1987 "Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now" was featured in the film Mannequin and hit # 1.

By the time No Protection was released, bassist Pete Sears had left. The album went gold and featured the hits "Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now" and "It's Not Over ('Til It's Over)". Grace Slick also left in 1988. Like Pete Sears and David Freiberg before her, her career was downsized by the commercial entity Starship was embracing.

The revamped lineup released Love Among The Cannibals in 1989. The lineup, however, had disbanded by 1990.

Reunion and remnants

Solo careers and the attractions of other bands beckoned throughout. But in 1989, during a solo San Francisco gig, Paul Kantner found himself joined by former bandmate (and lover) Grace Slick and two other ex-Airplane members for a cameo appearance. This led to a formal reunion of the original Jefferson Airplane (featuring nearly all the main members, including co-founder Marty Balin, but without Spencer Dryden, who had been kicked out of the band years earlier). A self-titled album was released by Columbia Records, but the accompanying tour was everything the album wasn't, a success, but their revival too was short-lived, and thus Jefferson Airplane was officially disbanded for good.

Today, there are two versions of Jefferson Starship — one officially billed as Mickey Thomas' Starship (with Thomas at the forefront), and the revived Jefferson Starship (often called Jefferson Starship: The Next Generation), with Kantner and Balin as leaders, and Diana Mangano replacing Grace Slick as female singer (although Slick did do guest vocals on Jefferson Starship's 1999 album Windows Of Heaven). This latter band plays frequent concerts, and on occasion Jack Casady joins them as well. Mangano is an expressive and effective singer, and this revived Jefferson Starship can often capture a good deal of the feeling of the original Airplane.

Influence

The original Jefferson Airplane, along with the Byrds, the Doors, the Grateful Dead, the Lovin' Spoonful, the Mamas and the Papas, Tommy James and the Shondells and to some degree Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young will always be associated with the more melodic end of the north American rock spectrum and in due course other groups, such as Steely Dan and the Eagles, continued to blend elements of folk, jazz and rock and bring the results to a global audience. Of all these bands, Jefferson Airplane excelled in the psychedelic domain and in their penchant for pretentious track titles, which came to characterise the 1965-75 era.

British bands apparently influenced by the mellow lyricism of the west coast sound included Barclay James Harvest, David Bowie, Curved Air, Family, Fairport Convention, Jethro Tull, King Crimson, the Moody Blues, the Small Faces, Pentangle and Yes. The Beatles have always stressed the influence that the Beach Boys had on their musical development (especially Pet Sounds) but it seems likely that other music from the west coast also spread eastwards and played a key part in making pop music more symphonic and less predictable than it had been before 1965. The era of trans-Atlantic jet travel ushered in a decade earlier and the ability to send TV broadcasts by satellite also facilitated a faster interplay of musical influences across the Atlantic.

The role of the American Forces Network (AFN) with powerful medium wave radio transmitters situated in West Germany and "pirate radio" ships in the North Sea bringing US hits to the ears of European youth should also be recognised as a force that extended the global reach of West Coast music in the 1964-1972 period.

Record producers who worked with the original band included Greg Edward, Rick Jarrard, Matthew Katz, Ron Nevison, Tommy Oliver and Al Schmitt.

Samples

  • Download sample of "White Rabbit" from Surrealistic Pillow

Discography

Jefferson Airplane:

  1. Jefferson Airplane Takes Off (1966) - US position: # 128
  2. Surrealistic Pillow (1967) - US position: # 5
  • breakthrough album featuring "Somebody To Love" and "White Rabbit"
  1. After Bathing At Baxter's (1967) - US position: # 17
  2. Crown Of Creation (1968) - US position: # 6
  3. Volunteers (1969) - US position: # 13
  4. The Worst Of Jefferson Airplane (1970) - US position: # 12
  • first greatest hits collection
  1. Bark (1971) - US position: # 11
  2. Long John Silver (1972) - US position: # 20

Jefferson Starship:

  1. Dragon Fly (1974)
  2. Red Octopus (1975)
  • best-selling album for any incarnation of the Airplane/Starship
  1. Spitfire (1976)
  2. Earth (1978)
  • last album w/ Marty Balin
  1. Freedom At Point Zero (1979)
  2. Modern Times (1981)
  3. Winds Of Change (1982)
  4. Nuclear Furniture (1984)

Starship:

  1. Knee Deep In The Hoopla (1985)
  2. No Protection (1987)
  3. Love Among The Cannibals (1989)

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Starship:. For details of recordings by the King Crimson sub-groups known as the ProjeKcts, see the following:. Jefferson Starship:. (Mostly studio recordings, some incorporating live recordings). Jefferson Airplane:. (Limited release live recordings of concert performances, studio sessions and radio sessions). Record producers who worked with the original band included Greg Edward, Rick Jarrard, Matthew Katz, Ron Nevison, Tommy Oliver and Al Schmitt. (Including compilations and box sets of live material).

The role of the American Forces Network (AFN) with powerful medium wave radio transmitters situated in West Germany and "pirate radio" ships in the North Sea bringing US hits to the ears of European youth should also be recognised as a force that extended the global reach of West Coast music in the 1964-1972 period. (Mostly studio recordings, some incorporating live recordings). The Beatles have always stressed the influence that the Beach Boys had on their musical development (especially Pet Sounds) but it seems likely that other music from the west coast also spread eastwards and played a key part in making pop music more symphonic and less predictable than it had been before 1965. The era of trans-Atlantic jet travel ushered in a decade earlier and the ability to send TV broadcasts by satellite also facilitated a faster interplay of musical influences across the Atlantic. (Mostly studio recordings, some incorporating live recordings). British bands apparently influenced by the mellow lyricism of the west coast sound included Barclay James Harvest, David Bowie, Curved Air, Family, Fairport Convention, Jethro Tull, King Crimson, the Moody Blues, the Small Faces, Pentangle and Yes. They vary so much in sound that King Crimson has been able to release several albums consisting entirely of improvised music. Of all these bands, Jefferson Airplane excelled in the psychedelic domain and in their penchant for pretentious track titles, which came to characterise the 1965-75 era. Unlike most jazz and rock improvisation or jamming, these sessions are rarely in any sense blues-based.

The original Jefferson Airplane, along with the Byrds, the Doors, the Grateful Dead, the Lovin' Spoonful, the Mamas and the Papas, Tommy James and the Shondells and to some degree Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young will always be associated with the more melodic end of the north American rock spectrum and in due course other groups, such as Steely Dan and the Eagles, continued to blend elements of folk, jazz and rock and bring the results to a global audience. These can be imbedded in composed pieces, like "21st Century Schizoid Man" or "Thrak," but most Crimson performances over the years have included at least one stand-alone improvisation, where the band simply started playing and took the music wherever it went, sometimes including passages of improvised silence (as Bill Bruford's contribution to the improvised "Trio"). Mangano is an expressive and effective singer, and this revived Jefferson Starship can often capture a good deal of the feeling of the original Airplane. From the very first, King Crimson performances featured unplanned improvisations, in which the music can, and frequently does, go anywhere. This latter band plays frequent concerts, and on occasion Jack Casady joins them as well. The final continuing factor that requires mention, not really a theme, is the "Crimson Improv.". Today, there are two versions of Jefferson Starship — one officially billed as Mickey Thomas' Starship (with Thomas at the forefront), and the revived Jefferson Starship (often called Jefferson Starship: The Next Generation), with Kantner and Balin as leaders, and Diana Mangano replacing Grace Slick as female singer (although Slick did do guest vocals on Jefferson Starship's 1999 album Windows Of Heaven). Other themes harder to document clearly include the composition of insanely difficult passages for individual instruments (especially Fripp's guitar); pieces with a loud, aggressive sound not unlike heavy metal music; and the jarring juxtaposition of pretty tunes and ballads with weird, often dissonant, noises.

A self-titled album was released by Columbia Records, but the accompanying tour was everything the album wasn't, a success, but their revival too was short-lived, and thus Jefferson Airplane was officially disbanded for good. (Occasionally these pieces fail onstage; Fripp refers to these failures as "train wrecks."). But in 1989, during a solo San Francisco gig, Paul Kantner found himself joined by former bandmate (and lover) Grace Slick and two other ex-Airplane members for a cameo appearance. This led to a formal reunion of the original Jefferson Airplane (featuring nearly all the main members, including co-founder Marty Balin, but without Spencer Dryden, who had been kicked out of the band years earlier). Their series of pieces collectively titled "Larks' Tongues in Aspic" (including the misleadingly titled "Thrak" and "Level Five") go deeper into rhythmic complexity, delving into rhythms that wander into and out of synchronization with each other, to the point where the listener is frequently unable to even count beats, yet somehow all finishing together. Solo careers and the attractions of other bands beckoned throughout. King Crimson's single best-known song, "21st Century Schizoid Man," is an early example of this. The lineup, however, had disbanded by 1990. A second theme that has remained constant throughout the career of King Crimson is an instrumental piece, often embedded as a break in a song, in which the band plays a passage of a rhythmic complexity that would challenge a group of classically-trained musicians working with a conductor.

The revamped lineup released Love Among The Cannibals in 1989. This piece transformed into "The Devil's Triangle" on the In the Wake of Poseidon album, and was followed by many other forms, from "The Talking Drum" in 1973 all the way to "Dangerous Curves" in 2003. Like Pete Sears and David Freiberg before her, her career was downsized by the commercial entity Starship was embracing. The Holst "Mars" that the first King Crimson played is a clear example of this, a complex pulse in 5/8 time with strings and winds — or, as played by King Crimson, mellotron — playing a skirling melody above. Grace Slick also left in 1988. The most obvious of these themes is composition by the use of a gradually building rhythmic motif. The album went gold and featured the hits "Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now" and "It's Not Over ('Til It's Over)". The apparent contradiction can be resolved by understanding that, while King Crimson constantly creates new sounds and new pieces, several themes remain constant from the earliest versions of the band to the present.

By the time No Protection was released, bassist Pete Sears had left. Fans have two equal and opposite complaints about each new album or incarnation of the band: either they say that it's nothing like the King Crimson they know and love, or they say that it's exactly like what has gone before, and nothing new has been added. In 1987 "Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now" was featured in the film Mannequin and hit # 1. As a result of this influence, their first album is frequently viewed as the nominal starting point of the symphonic rock or progressive rock movements. Starship also had a Hollywood connection. The influence of Béla Bartók is subtler, but has been referred to many times by Fripp and other band members, and seems more pervasively present in the band's overall musical repertoire. The album went platinum. The first incarnation of King Crimson played the "Mars" section of Holst's suite The Planets as a regular part of their live set.

In 1985, Starship released Knee Deep In The Hoopla and immediately scored two # 1 hits with "We Built This City" and "Sara"; the first time any incarnation of the Airplane had had a # 1 hit. Gustav Holst is the more obvoius of the two on the surface. Freiberg, who had been increasingly marginalized in the band, left as well. Though they cast a wide net, two names in particular seem to have had a powerful influence on Crimson's music. Kantner won his suit, and the group name was reduced to simply Starship, marking the third incarnation of the band. To a great extent, they stripped away the blues-based foundation of rock music and replaced it with a foundation based in the modern European symphonic tradition. In 1984, Kantner (the last founding member of Jefferson Airplane remaining) left the group, but not before taking legal action against his former bandmates over the Jefferson name (the rest of the band wanted to continue as Jefferson Starship). However, where bands like the Beatles and Rolling Stones played more sophisticated forms of American rock, Crimson attempted to "Europeanize" what had previously been an essentially American form of music.

Winds Of Change followed in 1982 and Nuclear Furniture appeared in May of 1984. The first King Crimson frequently played Donovan Leitch's "Get Thy Bearings," and were known to play The Beatles's "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds.". After the 1979 release of Freedom At Point Zero (which spawned the hit single "Jane"), Grace Slick suddenly returned to the band for one song, "Stranger" on their next album, Modern Times in 1981. The music of King Crimson was obviously grounded to some extent in the rock of the 1960s, and especially the acid rock and psychedelic music movements. It didn't help that former Journey drummer Aynsley Dunbar had replaced Barbata, who had been injured in a car accident. Fripp, as noted, has described King Crimson as "a way of doing things," and also as "an experiment in organizing anarchy." Over a period of thirty-five years, and many changes in membership, configuration, and instrumentation, King Crimson has maintained a kind of constancy in its musical vision rare among long-lived bands. Thomas's soaring falsetto steered the band toward a harder rock sound, although critics somewhat unfairly compared the new Jefferson Starship to Journey. The current line-up thus is Adrian Belew, Robert Fripp, Tony Levin and Pat Mastelotto.

Towards the end of 1978, the Starship (now without Grace Slick) recorded Light The Sky On Fire for The Star Wars Holiday Special, after which Balin too left the group, leaving Kantner and company to find a new lead singer in Mickey Thomas (who had sung lead on Elvin Bishop's "Fooled Around And Fell In Love"). Both Robert Fripp and Tony Levin reported that Levin will become active bassist of King Crimson again, starting studio work in April 2004. After the debacle, she left the band. In late November 2003, Trey Gunn announced his departure from the band. The following night, Slick, in a drunken stupor, shocked the audience by using profanity and sexual references throughout most of her songs. A lengthy The ConstruKction of Light tour was followed by another tour opening for the band Tool and the Level Five tour that served to write, rehearse, and evolve new pieces for the next album. In 2003, the album The Power to Believe was released and toured. The first night, fans ransacked the stage after Slick failed to appear. After the economic reversals of 2000 and 2001, DGM ceased acting as a general label and artist's blog site and refocused its energy on King Crimson.

However, Slick's alcoholism became a problem, which led to two nights of disastrous concerts in Germany in 1978. Heaven and Earth was edited together by Mastelotto from material recorded during the rehearsal and recording period of the studio album. The follow-ups, Spitfire (1976), and Earth (1978), were both big sellers. Their first studio effort was The ConstruKction of Light (2000), accompanied by another album, Heaven and Earth, which was released under the name ProjeKct X. This line-up, which also included late-Airplane holdovers drummer John Barbata, fiddler Papa John Creach, and bassist-keyboarder-vocalist David Freiberg, along with Pete Sears, also playing bass and keyboards, and guitarist Craig Chaquico, proved to be the band's most commercially successful so far, although some Airplane fans were less than happy with its more mainstream direction. Balin's sophisticated ballad "Miracles" helped 1975's Red Octopus achieve multiple-platinum status. After the ProjeKcts' task was completed, Bruford quit the band, and Levin let his active involvement in King Crimson rest until further notice; this left Belew, Fripp, Gunn, and Mastelotto as the next line-up. In 1974, the Airplane was formally reborn as Jefferson Starship, with Kantner and Slick as charter members; Balin came on board in time to record the hit single "Caroline" for the first Jefferson Starship album, Dragon Fly. In 1998, DGM created the King Crimson Collector's Club (KCCC), a subscription-based service that released a live recording (originating from soundboard or bootleg recordings) every two months.

It was while that album was made that Kantner sealed his love affair with Grace Slick, and their daughter China Kantner was born shortly after. These artists were encouraged to engage in online diaries, now commonly known as blogs. The Starship (such as it was) included David Crosby (of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young), Jerry Garcia (of The Grateful Dead), and even former members of Jefferson Airplane. DGM also released music by the Rosenbergs and other artists artistically related to King Crimson members. During the transitional period of the early 1970s, Paul Kantner recorded the album Blows Against The Empire with an ad-hoc group of musicians whom he dubbed the Jefferson Starship, marking the first-ever use of that name. ProjeKcts One, Two, Three, and Four, each a splinter group (a fraKctalisation, according to Fripp) of King Crimson, released various recordings, demonstrating the improvisational musical high wire act that the constituent musicians are able to produce. The live album 30 Seconds Over Winterland (1973) is now best remembered for its cover art, featuring a squadron of flying toasters. In the late 1990s, Discipline Global Mobile operated as a distinctly artist-friendly label, and featured not only the works of King Crimson, but also of many Crimson side projects.

Bark and Long John Silver were released on the band's own label, Grunt, with Joey Covington on drums and "Papa" John Creach on fiddle, after which the group effectively disbanded as Casady and Kaukonen converted their side-project Hot Tuna to a full time band. Staging and rehearsing the sextet was an expensive proposition, however; this, combined with the level of experimentation within the band soon contributed to its collapse. Balin and Dryden left shortly thereafter. The new King Crimson sound was something of a mixture of Discipline-era complementary guitars with the heavy rock feel of 1974's Red. The band performed in an early "morning maniac music" slot at the Woodstock festival during this period. This "double trio" formation released a few CDs in the mid 1990s: VROOOM (1994), THRAK (1995), and THRaKaTTaK (1996). In the aftermath of the demise of the San Francisco scene, the band released Volunteers (1969), their most political venture; the title track, "We Can Be Together", "Good Shepherd", and the post-apocalyptic "Wooden Ships" were all highlights. In 1994, King Crimson re-formed as a sextet, adding two new members to its 1981 lineup. Fripp and Belew continued on guitar, and Levin played bass and Chapman stick; Trey Gunn joined, and played an instrument known as the Warr guitar (similar to the Chapman stick), and drummer Bruford was joined by another percussionist, Pat Mastelotto.

Crown Of Creation (1968) was a transitionary record, more structured than ...Baxters, whereas Bless Its Little Pointed Head (1969) captured their live sound, recorded at concerts at the Fillmore and the Fillmore East. Fripp entered into a series of legal wranglings with his management, and this occupied much of his time, but resulted in the development of "Discipline Global Mobile", through which King Crimson and various side projects and archives have emerged. After Bathing at Baxter's (1967) further showed their proficiency in psychedelic rock. After Three of a Perfect Pair, King Crimson disbanded for several years. The album reached number 6 in the US album charts. Fripp intended to create the sound of a "rock gamelan," with an interlocking rhythmic quality to the paired guitars that he found similar to Indonesian gamelan ensembles.[3] (http://www.progressiveears.com/frippbook/). The first of these, Surrealistic Pillow (1967), included two classic tracks, "White Rabbit" (inspired by the hallucinogenic drug LSD, then extremely popular in San Francisco, and Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland), and the rousing anthem "Somebody to Love", as well as a reminder of their earlier folk incarnation, Kaukonen's acoustic "Embryonic Journey". This version of King Crimson bore some resemblance to new wave music, possibly as a result of Belew's tenure with Talking Heads, often considered progenitors of the genre.

Membership remained stable until 1970, by when they had recorded five more albums. Also, with Belew, King Crimson for the first time had a lyricist who was also a performing member of the band. Amongst their fans, the group's name was further shortened to "the Airplane". The group released a trilogy of albums: Discipline, Beat, and Three of a Perfect Pair. Belew was responsible for the vocals, as well as almost all of the lyrics on the three albums, which broke the overall trend for King Crimson in that the songs with lyrics outnumbered instrumental pieces by two to one. In 1966, Spence was replaced by jazz drummer Spencer Dryden and Anderson by singer Grace Slick, formerly of another San Francisco group, The Great Society. The other members concurred, and so King Crimson was re-born. Later in 1965, they signed to Record Corporation of America and recorded an album for release the following year called Jefferson Airplane Takes Off. During rehearsals and initial recorded sessions in 1981, Fripp began suspecting that this new band really was King Crimson, despite his decision to call it Discipline.

The band gradually developed a more electric sound which led to Harvey's replacement by Kaukonen's childhood friend, Jack Casady in October 1965. He would join immediately following his tour with the Talking Heads. Peloquin was a seasoned musician whose disdain for the others' drug use was a factor in his departure just a few weeks after the group began its career. Skip Spence then took the drum chair. Belew, for his part, was flattered. The group made its first public appearance August 13, 1965 at The Matrix club in San Francisco. Fripp had never worked with another guitarist in the same band, so the decision to seek a second guitarist was highly indicative of Fripp's desire to create a sound completely unlike King Crimson. They drew inspiration from groups such as the Beatles, the Byrds, and the Lovin' Spoonful, and built a local following at the Matrix Club. During this time, Fripp called up guitarist Adrian Belew, who was on tour with Talking Heads.

Singer Marty Balin recruited another folk musician, Paul Kantner, blues guitarist Jorma Kaukonen, jazz and folk vocalist Signe Toly Anderson, drummer Jerry Peloquin, and acoustic bassist Bob Harvey. Levin was well-known for his session work with John Lennon and Yoko Ono, Peter Gabriel and others, and would have been one of Fripp's first choices had he known Levin was available. King Crimson had its bassist. This rock group formed on the west coast of the USA during the summer of 1965 in what was called the San Francisco Bay folk boom. The two spent some time searching for a bassist, but had little success in recruiting one until Tony Levin stopped by. An urban legend claims this was the origin for the band's name, though according to band member Jorma Kaukonen the name was invented by his friend Steve Talbot as a satire of blues names such as "Blind Lemon" Jefferson [1] (http://www.jormakaukonen.com/bio.htm). Early in 1981, Robert Fripp and Bill Bruford began considering the formation of a new group, to be called Discipline. The term Jefferson airplane is also slang for a used match bent to hold a marijuana cigarette that has been smoked too short to hold without burning the hands. Instead, it was the end of an era.

Jefferson Airplane was inducted in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996. Red seemed to be the end of King Crimson. Various successor incarnations of the band have performed under different names, reflecting changing times and performer lineups, known as Jefferson Starship, and later simply Starship. "King Crimson is completely over for ever and ever," he said. Jefferson Airplane was an American rock band from San Francisco, a pioneer of the LSD-influenced psychedelic rock movement. The Red line-up never toured, however; two months prior to the album's release, Robert Fripp announced that King Crimson had ceased to exist. Love Among The Cannibals (1989). Fripp, increasingly distracted from Crimson by the writings of the mystic George Gurdjieff, even spoke of being replaced by McDonald.

No Protection (1987). Ian McDonald also returned as a session musician on alto saxophone, with plans to rejoin as a full-time member. Knee Deep In The Hoopla (1985). Cross appeared on "Providence," recorded in its namesake in Rhode Island. Nuclear Furniture (1984). Red included former member Mel Collins on soprano saxophone, Robin Miller on oboe and Marc Charig on cornet. Winds Of Change (1982). His role as a violin-player had been more important in the earlier days of this version of Crimson, but as the music progressed — and got louder — he increasingly felt his contribution was unheard and sidelined: reduced, as he once said, to being just the electric piano player. He went, leaving the remaining trio to record Red.

Modern Times (1981). David Cross’s place in the group, meanwhile, was coming under pressure. Freedom At Point Zero (1979). Another recording of live gigs, USA, was recorded soon afterwards but not released for another year. last album w/ Marty Balin. Fripp never felt that recordings of any sort were adequate to capture the atmosphere and energy of a live performance. Earth (1978). Most of the album was actually recorded from gigs the band played in 1973, with only two full tracks ("The Great Deceiver" and "Lament") and part of another track ("The Night Watch") being studio productions, a fact that emphasises King Crimson's essentially live nature.

Spitfire (1976). Muir departed the group early in 1973, and during the lengthy tour that followed, the remaining members began assembling material for their next album, Starless and Bible Black. By early 1974, the album was finished. best-selling album for any incarnation of the Airplane/Starship. Fripp's guitar playing was loud and aggressive, and Bruford's propulsive drumming meshed with Wetton's often powerful bass guitar. Red Octopus (1975). This era of King Crimson demonstrated a kinship with the nascent heavy metal music then developing mainly in the United States and the United Kingdom. Dragon Fly (1974). Rehearsals began in late 1972, and Larks' Tongues in Aspic was released early the next year, and the group spent the remainder of 1973 touring Britain, Europe, and America.

Long John Silver (1972) - US position: # 20. Finally, violin, viola and keyboard player David Cross was selected to flesh out the sound of the new band. Bark (1971) - US position: # 11. Bruford himself was more interested in artistic pursuits, and the framework of King Crimson appealed to that sensibility in him. first greatest hits collection. Bruford was choosing to leave Yes, a band with immense commercial potential, for King Crimson, a band with a history of instability and unpredictability. The Worst Of Jefferson Airplane (1970) - US position: # 12. Yes drummer Bill Bruford was next to sign up, a move that was deemed a poor career move by some.

Volunteers (1969) - US position: # 13. Now that King Crimson was starting over from scratch again, the opportunity was ripe. Crown Of Creation (1968) - US position: # 6. Wetton had been under consideration for the previous lineup of the band, but that proposition had fallen through. After Bathing At Baxter's (1967) - US position: # 17. Next came vocalist and bassist John Wetton, one of Fripp's college acquaintances. breakthrough album featuring "Somebody To Love" and "White Rabbit". The first to join was improvising percussionist Jamie Muir, whom Fripp had been considering as a possible member for some time.

Surrealistic Pillow (1967) - US position: # 5. Shortly after the Earthbound tour, Fripp once again began looking for new members. Jefferson Airplane Takes Off (1966) - US position: # 128. Recordings from this tour were later edited by Fripp to become the Earthbound album. Download sample of "White Rabbit" from Surrealistic Pillow. The remaining members undertook a tour the following year, with the intention of disbanding afterwards. At the end of that year, King Crimson parted ways with long-time member and lyricist Peter Sinfield.

In the midst of the lengthy tour that followed, the band released Islands in 1971. Drummer Ian Wallace and vocalist Boz Burrell were selected, but after more than two dozen potential bassists had come and gone, Fripp decided simply to teach Boz to play bass. Fripp began auditioning. Haskell and McCulloch left just before the release of Lizard, leaving King Crimson as a rock band without a singer, bassist, or drummer.

Andy McCulloch played drums for the album, with Jon Anderson of Yes appearing on one song. Greg Lake departed in April to form Emerson, Lake & Palmer, leaving King Crimson without a vocalist until Gordon Haskell took over singing, in addition to playing bass, for the band's third album, Lizard. During this time, material was being developed for King Crimson's second album, In the Wake of Poseidon. Woodwind player Mel Collins came on board, and bassist Peter Giles appeared on several tracks. The remaining trio of Fripp, Sinfield, and Lake persevered for a short while, releasing the single Cat Food/Groon in March of 1970.

King Crimson's lineup fluctuated tremendously during the next few years. McDonald went on to be a founding member of Foreigner in 1976. Tensions and musical differences within the band eventually reached a limit, however; Ian McDonald and Michael Giles left the band in December 1969 to pursue solo work. King Crimson went on tour through England, and later the United States, performing alongside many contemporary popular musicians and musical groups, including Iron Butterfly, Janis Joplin, The Rolling Stones, and Fleetwood Mac.

Over the course of the year, the first King Crimson album, In the Court of the Crimson King, emerged from the chaos. Early in January 1969, the group rehearsed for the first time. Lyricist Peter Sinfield and composer Ian McDonald were soon recruited, and thus the first incarnation of King Crimson was born. Robert Fripp and Michael Giles began discussing the formation of King Crimson in November of 1968, soon before the breakup of the short-lived and unsuccessful band Giles, Giles, and Fripp. The first musician to be added to the lineup was singer-guitarist Greg Lake, who was to play bass and sing.

To him King Crimson "is a way of doing things" [2] (http://www.progressiveears.com/frippbook/contents.htm), and the musical consistency that has persisted throughout the band's history, despite continuous rotation of its members, reflects this point of view. A considerable amount of King Crimson's history consists of the various personnel changes that have occurred within the group. Throughout its history, Robert Fripp has been the only consistent member, though he has stated that he does not consider himself the band's leader, necessarily. The name King Crimson was coined by Peter Sinfield as a synonym for Beelzebub, prince of demons; according to Fripp, Beelzebub is an anglicized form of the Arabic phrase "B'il Sabab," meaning "the man with an aim".[1] (http://www.songsouponsea.com/Promenade/Metaphysical.html). Their musical style has typically been categorized as rock and roll or progressive rock.

Though its membership has fluctuated considerably during its lifetime, the band continues to perform and record music today. King Crimson is a musical group founded by guitarist Robert Fripp and drummer Michael Giles in 1968. In the Court of King Crimson, Sid Smith, Helter Skelter Publishing, 2001 (official website (http://www.inthecourtofkingcrimson.com)). Robert Fripp: From King Crimson to Guitar Craft, Eric Tamm, Faber and Faber, 1990 (online version of book (http://www.progressiveears.com/frippbook/contents.htm)).

ProjeKct X. ProjeKct Four. ProjeKct Three. ProjeKct Two.

ProjeKct One. Neal and Jack and Me (DVD) (2004, recorded 1982 & 1984). Eyes Wide Open (DVD) (2003, recorded 2000 & 2003). déjà VROOOM (DVD) (1999, recorded 1995).

Live in Japan (VHS) (1996, recorded 1995). Three of a Perfect Pair: Live in Japan (VHS) (1984, recorded 1984). The Noise: Frejus (VHS) (1984, recorded 1982). The 21st Century Guide To King Crimson - Volume One - 1969-1974 (2004).

Sleepless: The Concise King Crimson (1993). Frame by Frame: The Essential King Crimson (4CD set) (1991). Heartbeat: The Abbreviated King Crimson (1991). The Compact King Crimson (1986).

A Young Person's Guide to King Crimson (2LP set) (1976). Live in Philadelphia, PA (2004, recorded 1982). Live at Fillmore East (2004, recorded 1969). Live in Guildford (2003, recorded 1972).

Live in Orlando, FL (2CD set) (2003, recorded 1972). The Champaign-Urbana Sessions (2003, recorded 1983). Live in Hyde Park, London (2002, recorded 1969 & 1997). Live at the Zoom Club (2CD set) (2002, recorded 1972).

Live in Nashville, TN (2002, recorded 2001). Live in Detroit, MI (2CD set) (2001, recorded 1971). Live in Berkeley, CA (2001, recorded 1982). Live in Mainz, Germany (2001, recorded 1974).

Live at Plymouth Guildhall (2CD set) (2001, recorded 1971). Nashville Rehearsals (2000, recorded 1997). Live at Moles Club, Bath (2000, recorded 1981). Live in Central Park, NYC (2000, recorded 1974).

Live at Summit Studios (2000, recorded 1972). The VROOOM Sessions (1999, recorded 1994). On Broadway (2CD set) (1999, recorded 1995). Live at Cap D'Agde (1999, recorded 1982).

The Beat Club, Bremen (1999, recorded 1972). Live at Jacksonville (1998, recorded 1972). Live at The Marquee (1998, recorded 1969). EleKtrik: Live in Japan (2003).

Ladies of the Road (2CD set) (2002, recorded 1971-1972). Level Five (2001). VROOOM VROOOM (2CD set) (2001, recorded 1995-1996). Heavy ConstruKction (3CD set) (2000).

The Beginners' Guide To The King Crimson Collectors' Club (2000, recorded 1969-1998). The Deception of the Thrush: A Beginners' Guide to ProjeKcts (1999, recorded 1997-1999). The ProjeKcts (4CD set) (1999, recorded 1997-1999). Live in Mexico City (released only as a Windows Media Audio download) (1999, recorded 1996).

Cirkus: The Young Persons' Guide to King Crimson Live (2CD set) (1999, recorded 1969-1998). Absent Lovers: Live in Montreal (2CD set) (1998, recorded 1984). The Night Watch (2CD set) (1998, recorded 1973). Epitaph (4CD set) (1997, recorded 1969).

THRaKaTTaK (1996, recorded 1995). B'Boom: Live In Argentina (1995, recorded 1994). The Great Deceiver (4CD set) (1992, recorded 1973-1974). USA (1975, recorded 1974).

Earthbound (1972). Sex Sleep Eat Drink Dream (1995). People (1995). Dinosaur (1995).

Sleepless (1984). Three of a Perfect Pair/Man With an Open Heart (1984). Heartbeat (1982). Thela Hun Ginjeet (1981).

Elephant Talk (1981). Matte Kudasai (1981). Epitaph/21st Century Schizoid Man (1976). The Night Watch/The Great Deceiver (1974).

Atlantic Sampler (1973). Cat Food/Groon (1970). The Power to Believe (2003). Happy With What You Have to Be Happy With (2002).

The ConstruKction of Light (2000). THRAK (1995). VROOOM (1994). Three of a Perfect Pair (1984).

Beat (1982). Discipline (1981). Red (1974). Starless and Bible Black (1974).

Larks' Tongues in Aspic (1973). Islands (1971). Lizard (1970). In the Wake of Poseidon (1970).

In the Court of the Crimson King (1969).