Jaws (film)

Jaws was also then re-released on DVD, this time including the full two-hour documentary produced by Laurent Bouzereau for the LaserDisc, and which had appeared as a one-hour version on the original 2000 DVD release. Currently, there are world championships for lacrosse at senior men, senior women, under 19 men and under 19 women level. In June 2005, on the 30th anniversary of the film's release, a festival, JawsFest, was held in Martha's Vineyard. With lacrosse not having been an official Olympic sport since 1908, the pinnacle of international lacrosse competition consists of the four-yearly World Championships. These myths included:. Since then however, lacrosse has flourished at an international level with the sport establishing itself in many new and far-reaching countries, particularly in Europe and east Asia. On July 17, 2005, a two-hour episode of MythBusters was aired, where the Mythbusters tested myths based on the Jaws film. While modern lacrosse has been around for well over a century, until 20 years ago it had only been played for the most part in the United States and Canada, with small but dedicated lacrosse communities in Great Britain and Australia.

The film has even been turned into a musical, titled "Giant Killer Shark: The Musical", which will premier in the summer of 2006 at the Toronto Fringe Festival. Women's intercollegiate lacrosse stars have included University of Maryland, College Park standouts Kelly Amonte-Hiller (coach of the 2005 national championship team from Northwestern University), and all-time scoring leader Jen Adams. In Back to the Future Part II (executively produced by Steven Spielberg), a movie theater sports an animated holographic shark over a marquee that reads "Jaws 19" and "This time it's really really personal" and "Directed by Max Spielberg.". The game is also commonly played in British girls' independent schools, and while only a minor sport in Australia, at the elite level it is played to a very high standard. Other references are to be found in Airplane! (1980), Clerks. (1994), Mallrats (1995), Chasing Amy (1997), and Caddyshack (1980). The Lady Terps NCAA championship dynasty especially dominated the college game from the late 1980s through 2001. Jaws has been spoofed and referred to in other movies, most notably in the opening sequence of "1941", directed by Spielberg himself. national team players.

The twist is that the player controls the shark, and must defend their underwater habitat from polluting humans. The University of Maryland, College Park has historically dominated the American collegiate women's game, producing innumerable head coaches across the country and many U.S. A video game based around the premise of a great white shark attacking human beings, called Jaws: Unleashed, is due to be released on May 1, 2006. Women play with three attackers (or "homes"), five midfielders, three defenders, and one goalie. The original movie has a presitigiously rare 100% rating (no bad reviews found) at Rotten Tomatoes, a website that accumulates numerous reviews for movies, while Jaws: The Revenge has a decidedly unprestigious 0% rating (no good reviews found). The pockets of a woman's stick are shallower than those of the men, making the ball harder to catch and more difficult to shoot at high speed. Jaws was followed by three sequels, generally regarded as increasingly poor in quality as compared to the original: Jaws 2 (1978), Jaws 3-D (1983) and Jaws: The Revenge (1987). As a result of the lack of contact, only goggles and a mouthguard are required.

Conservation groups have bemoaned the fact that the movie has made it considerably harder to convince the public that sharks (who, as macro-predators, constitute an important part of the ocean's ecosystem) should be protected. The rules of women's lacrosse differ significantly from men's lacrosse and are specifically designed to allow less physical contact between players. Benchley has said that he never would have written the original novel had he known what sharks are really like in the wild.[1] He has since written Shark Trouble, a non-fiction book about shark behavior. There are currently eleven teams in the NLL, streching from Portland to San Jose. Though a horror classic (voted to have the scariest scenes ever by a Bravo Halloween TV special), the film is widely recognized to be responsible for many fearsome and inaccurate stereotypes about sharks and their behavior. Its creases are 9 feet 3 inches in diameter. The runaway success of these films led to increased genre-film production by studios. It is a modified indoor game, with nets that are 4 feet high and 4 feet 9 inches wide.

Along with The Exorcist and Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, it is an example of a high-budget movie in what had previously been considered a disreputable or low-budget genre (in this case, suspense/horror). A professional indoor league, the National Lacrosse League, was founded in 1987. Jaws is also often cited as indicating a shift in the type of movies made by Hollywood studios. The chief differences between the two forms of the indoor game now are that indoor lacrosse games consist of 4 x 15 minute quarters compared with 3 x 20 minute periods in box lacrosse, and that indoor lacrosse players may use only sticks with hollow shafts, while box lacrosse permits solid wooden sticks. The wide national release pattern would become standard practice for high-profile movies in the late 1970s and after. It was intended to be less violent than box lacrosse, although changes in box lacrosse rules have reduced some of its violent play and a change in indoor lacrosse rules to permit crosschecking (hitting another player with the stick with one's hands apart on the shaft) have made it more violent. Jaws was a key film in establishing the benefits of a wide national release backed by heavy media advertising, rather than a progressive release that let a film slowly enter new markets and build support over a period of time. Indoor lacrosse is a version of box lacrosse played professionally during the winter not only in regions where summer lacrosse is popular but also in regions where lacrosse is rarely played in summer.

This feat was not matched until Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, which debuted two years later, in 1977. It is also five on five with a goalie, intead of nine on nine as in field lacrosse. Upon its release, the film beat the then-$85 million gross of the reigning box-office champion, The Godfather, becoming the first movie to reach more than $100 million in box-office receipts, eventually the film would go on to gross over $470 Million worldwide and become the highest grossing box-office hit for many years, securing Steven Spielberg's spot in cinema history. The attacking team must take a shot on goal within 30 seconds of gaining possession of the ball, and play is rougher than in the field game (see below). Footage of real sharks was shot by Ron and Valerie Taylor in waters off South Australia, although only a handful of these shots were used in the finished film. In box lacrosse the goal is smaller (4' X 4') than in outdoor lacrosse (and the goaltender usually bigger, with considerably more padding). Many locals from Martha's Vinyard played uncredited speaking roles in the film. This version of the game was introduced in the 1930s to promote business for hockey arenas, and within a few years had almost entirely supplanted field lacrosse in Canada.

Spielberg enjoyed the audience's reaction switching from laughter to screams in a split-second. Canadians most commonly play box lacrosse, an indoor version of the game played by teams of six on ice hockey rinks from which the ice has been removed; the enclosed playing area is called the box, in contrast to the open playing field of the traditional game. One of his favorite scenes was a tight shot of Brody tossing chum over the stern, has back to the water, commenting on "shoveling this shit", immediately after which the open-mouthed shark breaks the surface. Outstanding individual men's lacrosse players have included Maryland legend Frank Urso, Canadian twins Paul Gait and Gary Gait, and the three Powell brothers. At the time of the film's release, it was reported that Spielberg liked to drop into theaters and sit in the back, watching the audience's reaction. Intercollegiate lacrosse is rapidly growing in popularity in the USA, where crowds of over 40,000 have attended the national championships. Their thought was that there was nothing wrong with the film the way it was, and that it should be left alone. Considerably more goals are scored than in soccer or hockey, with typical games totaling ten to twenty goals.

Spielberg mentions in the special features of the DVD release that after he saw everyone's reaction, he got so greedy for "one more scream" that he financed this addition with $3000 of his own money after he was denied funding from Universal Studios. For NCAA play, games consist of four fifteen minute periods, while at the youth and high school levels games are typically shorter. The scene where Hooper discovers Ben Gardner's body in the hull of the wrecked boat was added after an initial screening of the film. Players are permitted to hit one another with their bodies and sticks, although rules govern the manner in which this may be done. Another influence is Ed Plumb's score for Walt Disney's Bambi, which used a low, repeating musical motif to suggest approaching danger from the off-screen threat of Man. Play is typically quite fast, and resembles a combination of soccer, basketball and ice hockey. Spielberg was later quoted as saying that without Williams' score, the movie would have been only half as successful. Unlike women's lacrosse, players may kick the ball, as well as covering it with their sticks, provided they do not withhold it from play.

When the piece was first played for the Spielberg, he was noted to have laughed at John Williams, thinking that it was a joke. Players are allowed to run carrying the ball with their stick. 9 - a possible influence. Players scoop the ball off the ground and throw the ball in the air to other players. The main theme became a classic piece of suspense music, synonymous with approaching danger, and has echoes of the start of the fourth movement of Dvořák's Symphony No. Goalie sticks vary in length but are typically between 50 (1.27 m) and 60 (1.52 m) inches long, and significantly wider than field players' sticks. John Williams contributed the acclaimed film score. The sticks have a metal shaft and a plastic head, with either a string and leather or mesh basket called the "pocket".

The film was given the nickname "Flaws" by many of the dispassionate crew members. Attackmen's and midfielders' sticks measure between 40 inches (1 m) and 42 inches (1.07 m), while defensemen and one midfielders carry a stick up to 72 inches (1.8 m) long. This enforced restraint is widely thought to have increased the suspense of many scenes, giving it a Hitchcockian tone. Players line up with 3 offensive players called "attackmen", 3 "midfielders" or "middies", 3 "defensemen", and 1 goaltender, or "goalie." Each player carries a stick (the French settlers, on seeing the American Indians using the stick, called it la crossier (crozier); hence the name "Lacrosse"). For example, for much of the shark hunt its location is represented by floating yellow barrels that have been tied to it during the hunt. The goal sits inside a "crease", measuring 18 feet in diameter. The script was refined during production, and the unreliable mechanical sharks forced Spielberg to shoot many of the scenes with the shark only hinted at. The goals are 6 feet (1.8 m) by 6 feet and contain a mesh netting similar to an ice hockey goal.

To some degree, the delays in the production proved serendipitous. The field of play is 110 yards (100 m) long and 60 yards (54 m) wide. Spielberg referred to the mechanical shark as "the turd" on a British program about famous horror scenes and confessed that they had even less flattering names for it throughout filming. Outdoor men's lacrosse involves two teams of 10 players each competing to project a small solid rubber ball into the opposing team's goal. The three mechanical sharks were collectively nicknamed "Bruce" by the production team after Spielberg's lawyer, a piece of trivia that has been cited in a number of shark-related stories (such as the appearance of the shark in 2003's Finding Nemo). Lacrosse is most popular in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the USA. The logistical problems of shooting at sea led to many delays, and the mechanical shark frequently malfunctioned, due to the hydraulics of the innards being brutalized by salt water. Men's lacrosse is the oldest sport in America.

The film had a troubled shoot and went considerably over budget. Another sport resembling lacrosse is polocrosse, a horse sport with similarities to both polo and lacrosse. Location shooting occurred at Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. One variation of lacrosse with its own unique history is the game of Czech Lacrosse, developed in Czechoslovakia in the Cold War era, by boy scouts who read about the sport played by Native Americans but did not know about the existence of its modern version in the outside world. Nevertheless, Spielberg liked it so much, that the line appears two more times during the movie (in rendered versions). Recognised variations of lacrosse include field lacrosse (played outdoors), box lacrosse, indoor lacrosse, women's lacrosse, intercrosse and softcrosse. imdb.com). A recent variant of box lacrosse, indoor lacrosse, is played more widely, including the professional National Lacrosse League competition and the World Indoor Lacrosse Championships.

Contrary to other opinions, Roy Scheider did not ad-libb Chief Brody's famous line: "You're gonna need a bigger boat" (cf. Canada differs from other lacrosse-playing countries in preferring the box lacrosse version of the game. Gottlieb gives primary credit to Shaw, downplaying Milius' contribution. There are also currently 82 Division I Women's Lacrosse teams, 35 Division II Women's Lacrosse Teams, and 153 Division III Women's Lacrosse Teams. Spielberg tactfully describes it as a collaboration between John Milius, Howard Sackler and Robert Shaw. There are currently 57 Division I Men's Lacrosse teams, 31 Division II Men's Lacrosse teams, and 130 Division III Men's Lacrosse Teams. The authorship of Quint's monologue about the fate of the cruiser USS Indianapolis has caused substantial controversy, with dispute as to who deserves the most credit for the speech. In recent years, collegiate lacrosse at the Division I level has been dominated by a handful of universities, including The Johns Hopkins University, United States Naval Academy, University of Maryland- College Park, Princeton University, Syracuse University, and University of Virginia.

Spielberg has claimed that he prepared his own draft, although it is unclear if any of the other screenwriters drew on his material. This innovation has completely replaced the wooden crosse. Gottlieb rewrote many scenes during principal photography, and John Milius contributed some dialogue polishes. This explosion has been made possible because of plastic crosses which were invented by Baltimore-based stick maker STX in the 1970's. Carl Gottlieb (who also appears in a supporting acting role in the film as a reporter) was brought in to add humour and more depth to the characters. In addition, its popularity has started spreading to the west coast, spurred by the sport's increasing visibility in the media as well as the growth of college and high school programs and "pee wee" leagues throughout the country. Peter Benchley wrote the first draft of the screenplay, with a subsequent draft prepared by Howard Sackler. In the USA, the sport is popular in Maryland (where it became the official team sport in 2004), New York, New England and other areas along the eastern coast.

Despite his lack of feature film experience, Spielberg had proved adept at suspense material with the 1971 telemovie Duel, among other blockbuster smashes such as Close Encounters of the Third Kind, which was released in 1977. By the 1900s, high schools, colleges, and universities began playing, and even the Olympics included lacrosse. They signed Spielberg to direct in the same year, prior to release of his first theatrical film, The Sugarland Express (also a Zanuck / Brown production). The first game was played under Beers's rules was at Upper Canada College in 1867, as Upper Canada College lost to the Toronto Cricket Club by a score of 3-1. His novel was loosely based on a real-life event in the summer of 1916 when a series of shark attacks killed four people along the New Jersey coast and triggered a media frenzy. George Beers, a Canadian dentist, codified the game, shortening the length of each game and reducing the number of players to ten per team. The film was produced by Richard Zanuck and David Brown, who had purchased the film rights to Peter Benchley's novel in 1973. In 1867, W.

The two survivors swim for the shore using floatation barrels for a raft as sea gulls begin consuming the shark’s remains. By the 1800s, lacrosse evolved to become more of a sport and less violent as French pioneers adopted the game. With the boat submerging, Hooper bobs to the surface alive. The players gradually worked their way close to the gates, when, throwing aside their crosses and seizing their tomahawks which the squaws suddenly produced from under their blankets, they rushed into the fort and massacred all the inmates except a few Frenchmen. On the shark's next attack, Brody fires repeatedly, at last managing to hit the air cylinder, blowing the shark's head to pieces, thereby destroying the monster by means of its own rapacious hunger. On the 4th of June, when the garrison of Fort Michilimackinac (now Mackinac) was celebrating the king's birthday, it was invited by the Ottawas, under their chief Pontiac, to witness a game of "baggataway" (lacrosse). Brody takes Quint's rifle and climbs the mast of the sinking boat, where he temporarily fends it off with a harpoon. In 1763, after Canada had become British, the game was used by the Indians to carry out an ingenious piece of treachery.

Brody flees to the boat's cabin, now partly submerged, and throws a pressurized air tank into the shark's mouth. The game became known to Westerners when a Jesuit Missionary, Jean de Brébeuf, saw the Iroquois Indians play it in the 1600s. As he is thrashed about from side to side, Quint grabs a machete and attempts fend it off, but nevertheless dies the horrible death he has feared for so long. The games were played to settle intertribal disputes and also used to toughen braves in preparation for future combat. Quint slides into its mouth, kicking and screaming. These lacrosse games lasted from sun up to sun down for two to three days. As Quint and Brody raise the empty cage, the shark throws itself onto the boat, crushing the stern. omedicine-men acted as umpires, and the squaws urged on the men by beating them with switches.

The monster shark destroys the cage, and Hooper flees to the seabed. They would hit the deerskin ball against the goal to earn points. He intends to stab the shark inside the mouth with a hypodermic needle filled with a powerful poison. Rather than having traditional goals where the ball has to pass through the goal posts, many of the Indian teams used a large rock or tree as their goal. In a desperate new approach, Hooper enters the water with an scuba gear inside a shark proof cage. Sometimes, the fields were even several miles long. The strange, unpredictable movement and appearances of the barrels give the shark a menacing presence. In the North American Indian version, each team consisted of about 100 to 1,000 men on a field that stretched about 500 yards to half a mile.

But the huge shark pulls the barrels under nevertheless. Lacrosse has witnessed great modifications since its origins in the 1400s, but many aspects of the sport remain the same. The shark attacks again and, in a protracted battle that further damages the boat, is harpooned twice more with lines attached to yellow flotation barrels to mark its movements and drain its strength. . In the morning, the men make repairs to the boat, and Quint destroys the radio to keep Brody from calling the Coast guard for help. Native American Lacrosse was characterized by a deeply spiritual involvement, and those who took part did so with dedicated spirit and with the goal of bringing glory and honour to themselves and their tribes. Quint fires at it in vain with his M1 Garand rifle, but it disappears again. Lacrosse played a significant role in the community and religious life of tribes across the continent for untold years.

While they sing a drinking song, the shark suddenly attacks and damages the boat. They used balls made out of deerskin, clay, and sometimes wood. Quint tells of his terrifying experience with sharks as a survivor of the sinking of the USS Indianapolis. Sometimes games lasted for days, and in the end some players were violently injured or even killed. When night falls without another sighting, the men retire below for dinner and drinking, where they compare scars. Since there was only one ball, early players concentrated on injuring their opponents with the sticks. After the men harpoon it with a line attached to a yellow floatation barrel, the shark swims away and disappears. Its name was dehuntshigwa'es in Onondaga ("men hit a rounded object"), da-nah-wah'uwsdi in Eastern Cherokee ("little war"), Tewaarathon in Mohawk language ("little brother of war"), and baaga'adowe in Ojibwe "the Creator's game".

In one of the film's most enduring lines, the stunned Brody tells Quint, "You're gonna need a bigger boat." Hooper and Quint estimate the shark to be 20-25 feet long.
The sport was invented by Native North Americans. He realizes the fish is massive, with a size that is at least half of the Orca. Women wear protective eyewear (except for the goalie, who wears a helmet goalie mask), but less overall equipment because hitting is not permitted in the women's game except minor stick-checks. This builds up to one of the film's biggest moments when Brody, while tossing chum into the sea to lure the shark is shocked and horrified when it surfaces right in front of him. Men wear helmets and other protective equipment as body-checking is an integral part of the game. Up till now, only parts of the shark have been seen, the monster being more like a presence. In its modern form, men's lacrosse is played by three attackmen, three midfielders, three defensemen, and one goaltender on a grass or artificial turf field.

Brody, Hooper, and Quint set out in Quint's boat, the Orca, to face and destroy the maneater. It is expanding westward, with burgeoning lacrosse communities in Colorado, California, Florida, Tennessee, and Texas. The stunned mayor relents, closes the beaches, and agrees to pay Quint's price. Lacrosse is especially popular in the northeastern part of the US and is Canada's national summer sport. On the Fourth of July, after a false alarm triggered by a prank shakes everyone up, the shark attacks in the "pond," an estuary where Brody told his son to stay; another victim is killed and Brody's son is nearly attacked. Lacrosse is a fast-paced team sport played by two teams of ten players for men or twelve players for women each who use netted sticks (called the crosse ) in order to pass and catch a rubber ball with the aim of scoring goals by propelling the ball into the opponent's goal. Popular mostly in North America, lacrosse is the continent's oldest sport and the fastest growing sport at all levels – youth, high school, college, and professional. Brody and Hooper venture out at night and, when Hooper puts on scuba gear to check the hull of a wrecked local boat, discover more victims.

Brody wants the beaches closed, but Mayor Vaughn still refuses. A large Tiger Shark is caught by amateur fisherman, and for a moment everyone is pleased that the terror is over, but then Hooper asks to cut open the fish "to be sure" and concludes that they are looking for a much larger fish. His angry retort to the coroner, "This is not a boat accident," is one of the movie's most memorable lines, though often misquoted as "This was no boating accident!". After scraping his fingernails on a chalkboard to get the attention of the town hall meeting, Quint says of the bounty, "I'll find 'im for three, but I'll catch 'im—and kill 'im—for ten." When Hooper examines the remains of the first victim, he becomes convinced that a Great White Shark was responsible, a voracious predator known to be dangerous to humans.

The bounty starts an amateur shark hunting frenzy, but also attracts marine biologist Matt Hooper (Dreyfuss) and professional shark hunter Quint (Shaw). A few days later, a boy is killed by the shark while swimming on a crowded beach, and his mother places a $3,000 bounty on the animal. He tells Brody to say the girl was killed by a boat propeller. Chief Brody orders the beaches closed, but the mayor ignores his warnings and orders the beaches kept open: Amity is dependent on summer tourism, and the Fourth of July celebration is near.

The next morning, Martin Brody (Scheider), the Amity Island Chief of Police, finds some of her remains and concludes that she was killed in a shark attack. Suddenly, she begins to get jerked around and is pulled under. The film opens with a young girl swimming just off Amity Island, a summer resort akin to Martha's Vineyard. .

The film was directed by Steven Spielberg and stars Roy Scheider, Robert Shaw, Richard Dreyfuss and Lorraine Gary. In the story, a resort town's police chief tries to protect beachgoers from the predations of a huge great white shark by closing the beach, only to be overruled by the money-grubbing town council. Jaws (1975) is an American film, based on a best-selling novel by Peter Benchley which itself was based loosely on the true story of the Jersey Shore Shark Attacks of 1916. ISBN 0600552268.

Middlesex: Hamlyn/Bison Books. (1987) The Films of Steven Spielberg. Sinyard, N. New York, NY: Dell Publishing.

(1975) The Jaws Log. Gottlieb, C. ISBN 0806519517. (Revised ed.) New York, NY: Kensington.

(2000) The Films of Steven Spielberg. Brode, D. New York, NY: Ballantine Books. (1975) On Location...On Martha's Vineyard: The Making of the Movie Jaws.

Blake, E. Doubleday. Benchley, Peter (1973) "Jaws". When the shark is blown-up, it is not after a charge attack, but popping up out of the water below the crow's nest of the sinking vessel.

'Moby Dick' could not be licensed from Gregory Peck (the rights owner). His laughter throughout makes people get up and leave the theater (this is thought to be an influence on Wesley Strick's Cape Fear). Quint is introduced to the film by watching the film version of Moby Dick. A scene where the harbormaster is killed by the shark while cleaning out his coffeepot in the ocean.

For the film, something with more visual impact was deemed necessary. In the novel, the shark dies as a result of injuries from the harpoons embedded into it and so forth. In the film, the shark is 25 feet in length, slightly above average for the Great White, in the novel, Hooper claims the shark is "boardering on Megalodon size.". Quint used a dead baby dolphin as bait.

In the novel, Quint mentions that he had been working in the business for thirty years, or since 1944; the USS Indianapolis wasn't sunk until 1945. Quint's monologue about the USS Indianapolis is absent from the novel. Quint dies from drowning after he gets his foot caught on his harpoon rope and being dragged under by the shark. The events in the final reel of the film (boating, drinking, and singing with Quint), take place in a series of boat trips in the novel.

In the novel, the mayor has Mafia ties and wants the beaches kept open for the reason. Robert Shaw's Quint was considerably shorter, and with plenty of head and facial hair. Portrays Quint as being bald, cleanshaven and 6'4" in height. They are portrayed as having been acquainted with each other during their youth.

The novel also describes a short sexual encounter between Hooper and Brody's wife. In the novel, Hooper is killed by the shark during the dive to examine it, with the intention to kill it with a shot of Strichnine Nitrate. (Busted, as the barrels will not stay under for long.). A great white shark can pull floatation barrels underwater and keep them there.

(Confirmed). A great white shark can damage/destroy a shark cage by ramming it. (Busted, but the boat's engine was starting to lose power, so the myth is possibly plausible.). A great white shark can pull a boat backwards with great enough speed that waves break over the rear end.

(Plausible). A great white shark can rip a hole in a boat. (Plausible). A shark can be fended off by punching it in various parts of its body.

(Busted, as a punctured air cylinder will rocket around as the air exits but will not explode.). Shooting a pressurized SCUBA tank will blow it up.