Horoscope

In astrology, a horoscope is a chart or diagram representing the positions of the planets, other celestial bodies, and sensitive angles at the time of any event, such as a person's birth. The term horoscope is derived from Greek words meaning, "a look at the hours" [horoskopos, pl. horoskopoi,or "marker(s) of the hour."] Other commonly used names for the horoscope in English include natal chart, natus, birth chart, astrological chart, astro-chart, celestial map, sky-map, nativity, star-chart, cosmogram, Vitasphere, soulprint, radical chart, radix, or simply chart, among others.

A horoscope (or astrological chart) - Y2K Chart -- This particular chart is calculated for January 1, 2000 at 12:01:00 A.M. Eastern Standard Time in New York City, New York, USA. (Longitude: 074W00'23" - Latitude: 40N42'51")

Introduction

Using an ephemeris and a table of houses an astrologer calculates the geocentric positions of the Sun, Moon, and planets for a specific time and place in order to erect a formatted horoscope. This diagram, called a chart, is a stylized map of the heavens. The Sun or the Earth is placed in the centre (depending on whether the ephemeris was heliocentric or geocentric) with the remaining elements around the outside: the planets, the lunar nodes, the ascendant and midheaven, and the houses. Then the angles between the planets are determined. These angles are the astrological aspects. Different systems of tri-secting arcs produce houses of different size.

In common usage, the word horoscope also refers to the astrologer's interpretation of the astrological chart.

In particular, many newspapers and magazines carry horoscope columns, describing planetary positions and influences for the various astrological signs. Most astrologers regard those as nearly worthless, since a horoscope is actually highly personalized, and cannot be generalized to thousands of readers just through the position of the Sun at the time of birth.

A definition of a horoscope is: the illustration of the position of the sun, moon, planets and stars from a given location on earth, usually at birth. Which simply means, where everything in the universe was in relation to everything else when a person was born.

The earliest known horoscope was from 409 B.C. where it started to spread in the East with the conquerors of the Roman Empire. From there, it started spreading all the way across to Western Europe, where it was almost considered a science itself by all learned people.

How to cast a horoscope

In order to understand and visualize the spherical geometry of the construction of a horoscope, we need to begin with some basic terms.

The techniques described here belong to western astrology.

  1. The native refers to the time and place of the event being charted, and considered to be at the centre of the celestial sphere. This term is a general one that includes not only birth times as they are commonly understood, but any event for which a horoscope may be drawn.
  2. The celestial sphere is a sphere of arbitrary radius upon which the items appearing on the horoscope are projected without regard to their distance from the native.
  3. The plane of the equator is the plane of the earth's equator projected into space.
  4. The plane of the ecliptic is defined by the orbits of the earth and the sun. For practical purposes the plane of the equator and the plane of the ecliptic maintain a constant inclination to each other of approximately 23.5°.
  5. The plane of the horizon is centred on the native, and is tangential to the earth at that point. In a sphere whose radius is infinitely large this plane may be treated as nearly equivalent to the parallel plane with its centre at the earth's center. This greatly simplifies understanding the geometry of the horoscope. Some writers on astrology have considered the effects of parallax, but most would agree that (apart from that of the Moon) they are relatively minor, and are beyond the scope of this article.
  6. The axis of the plane of the horizon has end points above, the zenith, and below, the nadir.
  7. The zodiac refers to a band on the celestial sphere containing the signs. It is centered on the ecliptic, and its width is sufficient to allow for the fact that the orbits of the moon and all other planets are not parallel to the plane of the ecliptic. It is approximately 18º wide.
  8. The medium coeli or mid-heaven is the point on the ecliptic that is furthest above the plane of the horizon; its opposite point is known as the imum coeli. For events occurring where the planes of the eccliptic and the horizon coincide the limiting position for these points is at 90º from the ascendant.
  9. The ascendant is the eastern point where the ecliptic and horizon intersect. Its opposite point in the west is the descendant. In draughting a horoscope the ascendant is traditionally placed as the left-hand side point of the chart. During the course of a day, because of the earth's rotation, the entire circle of the ecliptic will pass through the ascendant and will be advanced by about 1º. This provides us with the term rising sign, which is the sign of the zodiac on the native's ascendant.
  10. The sun sign is the sign of the zodiac in which the sun is located for the native. This is the single astrological fact most familiar to people. If an event occurs at sunrise the ascendant and sun sign will be the same; other rising signs can then be estimated at approximately two hour intervals from there.
  11. The houses are a series of twelve divisions of the plane of the ecliptic. Astrologers have devised at least nine different ways of calculating these house divisions. Just as this article does not seek to discuss the validity of astrology, it is also beyond its scope to attempt to resolve questions which may be disputed among astrologers. The use of a particular system of house division is often more a result of what calculations are available than of any conscious consideration of one system's merits over that of another. Similarly, explanations in this article based on the Equal House System are not meant to give any theoretical preference to that system; it is simply the system whose geometry is easiest to understand. In the case of the Equal House System the ecliptic is divided into twelve equal houses of 30º each. The first house begins at the ascendant and the others are numbered counterclockwise from that point. The first six are therefore below the horizon, and the other six are above. The positions of these houses remains fixed relative to the native. The signs and planets all move through the twelve houses during the course of a day, and the planets move through the signs over the course of months or years.
  12. Most Western Astrologers use the Tropical Zodiac in which the astrological year begins with the vernal equinox, when the sun crosses the celestial equator and enters the zodiac sign of Aries. Many students confuse the difference between Sidereal Constellations and Zodiac Signs. Because of a "wobble" in the earth's axis of rotation over a period of about 26,000 years the point at which the vernal equinox advances in the sky rate is 0 deg, 0 min, 50.23 secs a year. Precession of the equinox is roughly 5 minutes of a degree every 6 years. Sidereal Astrologers use constellations, though there's no validating research for this preference. Tropical Astrologers use Zodiac Signs rather than arbitrary constellations.
  13. A cusp is the boundary between two signs or houses. For some the cusp includes a small portion of the two signs or houses under consideration.

The chart thus begins with a framework of 12 houses. Upon this the signs of the zodiac are superimposed. In an equal house system the cusp between any two houses will fall at the same degree for each of the signs. Thus for a native whose ascendant is at 12º of Leo, the second house will begin at 12º of Virgo, the third at 12º Libra, and so on. In house systems that take into consideration the effects of the angle of intersection between the planes of the horizon and the ecliptic, the calculations are more complicated. For these calculations it is essential to know the latitude of the event. Tables are available for these calculations, but they are now normally calculated by computer. Most computer programs allow the user to choose from a variety of house systems. The most commonly used is the Placidus house system, though most research Astrologers find that the Koch domification system gets best results.

Longitude is also necessary in order to determine the position of the ascendant. This is because charts use Local Time. Time zones were developed in the 19th century as a by-product of the development of railways. This permitted train schedules to be written based on the certainty that any two places in a time zone used the same time. In reality there is an hour's difference between points at the beginning and end of a 15º average time zone. For political reasons the time zones cannot all be the same size. It would not be practical for a time zone boundary to cut through the middle of a town or small country. Time zone boundaries were also the subject of political manipulation in the Pacific islands when they sought to be the first places on earth to see the new millennium. Adjustments are therefore made for the difference in one's actual longitude and the longitude of the nominal meridian associated with clock time.

These are the astrological glyphs as most commonly used in Western Astrology

Having established the relative positions of the signs in the houses, the horoscopist positions the sun, moon and planets at their rightful celestial longitudes. Some astrologers also take note of minor planetary bodies, fixed stars, asteroids (for example, Chiron) and other mathematically calculated points and angles such as the Ascendant (ASC), the MC, the DC, and the IC, the Vertex, Equatorial Ascendant, etc. Many astrologers also use what are commonly referred to as Arabic Parts (or Greek Lots), the most famous of which is the Part of Fortune (Pars Fortuna).

To complete the horoscope the astrologer will consider the aspects or relative angles between pairs of planets. Certain aspects are considered more important than others. Those generally recognized by the astrological community are Conjunction (0º), Opposition (180º), Square (90º), Trine (120º), Sextile (60º), Semi-Square (45º), Sesqisquare (135º), and Quincunx (150º). Understandably these aspects are more significant when they are exact, but they are considered to function within an orb of influence, the size of which varies according to the importance of each aspect. Thus conjunctions are believed to operate with a larger orb than sextiles. Most modern astrologers use an orb of 8º or less for aspects involving the Sun, Moon, and Jupiter; and smaller orbs for the other points. Some Astrologers (Cosmobiology, Uranian) use minor aspects (15º, 22.5º, 67.5º, 72º, 75º, 105º, 112.5º, 157.5º, 165º) with much narrower orbs.

Reference: Dona Marie Lorenz, Tools of Astrology: houses, Topanga, Eomega Grove Press, 1973.

Andrew Homer (StarHeart): See "The Only Way to Learn Astrology" series by Marion March & Joan McEvers.


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Andrew Homer (StarHeart): See "The Only Way to Learn Astrology" series by Marion March & Joan McEvers. See also Tickle Me Elmo for information about trivia and popular culture references specific to the toy. Reference: Dona Marie Lorenz, Tools of Astrology: houses, Topanga, Eomega Grove Press, 1973. On South Africa's Takalani Sesame, he is renamed Neno, and his personality stays essentially the same. Some Astrologers (Cosmobiology, Uranian) use minor aspects (15º, 22.5º, 67.5º, 72º, 75º, 105º, 112.5º, 157.5º, 165º) with much narrower orbs. Other international version actually include Elmo in Street scenes. Most modern astrologers use an orb of 8º or less for aspects involving the Sun, Moon, and Jupiter; and smaller orbs for the other points. His voice in Sesamstraat, the Dutch version of the show, is done by Hein Boele.

Thus conjunctions are believed to operate with a larger orb than sextiles. In Portuguese children's books (in Portugal, he did not appear in the TV series), he's known as Simão (Simon). Understandably these aspects are more significant when they are exact, but they are considered to function within an orb of influence, the size of which varies according to the importance of each aspect. Sesame Street is customized for some different international markets, and Elmo is often renamed. Those generally recognized by the astrological community are Conjunction (0º), Opposition (180º), Square (90º), Trine (120º), Sextile (60º), Semi-Square (45º), Sesqisquare (135º), and Quincunx (150º). Aired as part of the Food Network's second annual "Cook With Your Kids Week", the special was produced in conjunction with Sesame Workshop's Healthy Habits for Life program. Certain aspects are considered more important than others. Emeril and Elmo's Healthy Start was a special featuring Elmo and Emeril Lagasse, that aired November 4, 2005 at 8 pm.

To complete the horoscope the astrologer will consider the aspects or relative angles between pairs of planets. In the 3 March 2004 episode "Eppur Si Muove", Elmo receives a medical checkup from Abbey Bartlet, the First Lady, and cheekishly questions her about the validity of her medical license. Many astrologers also use what are commonly referred to as Arabic Parts (or Greek Lots), the most famous of which is the Part of Fortune (Pars Fortuna). Elmo also appeared in a fifth season episode of The West Wing. Some astrologers also take note of minor planetary bodies, fixed stars, asteroids (for example, Chiron) and other mathematically calculated points and angles such as the Ascendant (ASC), the MC, the DC, and the IC, the Vertex, Equatorial Ascendant, etc. Elmo was the star of the 1999 full-length, theatrically-released motion picture Elmo in Grouchland. Having established the relative positions of the signs in the houses, the horoscopist positions the sun, moon and planets at their rightful celestial longitudes. Elmo and a developmental expert gave babysitting tips on the 18 June 2005 episode of Teen Kids News.

Adjustments are therefore made for the difference in one's actual longitude and the longitude of the nominal meridian associated with clock time. He has appeared on Martha Stewart Living and Martha (13 September 2005), The Tony Danza Show (11 October 2004, 11 April 2005, 10 November 2005), Rove Live (20 March 2001, 24 September 2002, 2004). Time zone boundaries were also the subject of political manipulation in the Pacific islands when they sought to be the first places on earth to see the new millennium. After a becoming a regular guest on The Rosie O'Donnell Show (28 June 1996, 24 December 1997, 16 February 1998, 5 November 1998, 5 November 1998, 28 January 1999, 21 September 1999, 6 December 1999, 4 January 2001, 21 September 2001, 6 February 2002, 2 May 2002), Elmo began touring the talk-show circuit. It would not be practical for a time zone boundary to cut through the middle of a town or small country. Another version, Elmo Knows Your Name, comes with a CD that allows parents to program Elmo to say the child's name and other personalized phrases. For political reasons the time zones cannot all be the same size. Other Elmo toys include Hokey Pokey Elmo ("Hokey Cokey Elmo" in the United Kingdom), Limbo Elmo and Let's Pretend Elmo.

In reality there is an hour's difference between points at the beginning and end of a 15º average time zone. A popular doll called the Tickle Me Elmo was manufactured in his likeness, and became the must-have toy during Christmas in 1996. This permitted train schedules to be written based on the certainty that any two places in a time zone used the same time. [1]. Time zones were developed in the 19th century as a by-product of the development of railways. The lesson here is never think you're unimportant because you never know what is going to happen." Should Clash be unable to perform Elmo, John Tartaglia is the current backup performer. This is because charts use Local Time. Kevin's performance inspired the writers to develop Elmo's character.

Longitude is also necessary in order to determine the position of the ascendant. Sans continues that "One day [in 1984], Kevin Clash, a talented puppeteer, raised him up and brought energy and life into Elmo and from that day forward we would all write for Elmo. The most commonly used is the Placidus house system, though most research Astrologers find that the Koch domification system gets best results. "There was this extra red puppet lying around and the cast would pick him up sometimes and try to create a personality, but nothing seemed to materialize." The puppet was performed by Caroll Spinney in the early-1970s, Brian Muehl from 1979-1981, and Richard Hunt from 1981-1984. Most computer programs allow the user to choose from a variety of house systems. Sesame Street-staff writer Nancy Sans once described Elmo's origins. Tables are available for these calculations, but they are now normally calculated by computer. He is often described as overly optimistic and annoying which became the butt of many jokes among the entertainment industry about him.

For these calculations it is essential to know the latitude of the event. The character is supposed to be about three and a half years old, and characteristically refers to himself in the third person. In house systems that take into consideration the effects of the angle of intersection between the planes of the horizon and the ecliptic, the calculations are more complicated. . Thus for a native whose ascendant is at 12º of Leo, the second house will begin at 12º of Virgo, the third at 12º Libra, and so on. Noodle. In an equal house system the cusp between any two houses will fall at the same degree for each of the signs. Noodle's Brother Mr.

Upon this the signs of the zodiac are superimposed. Noodle and Mr. The chart thus begins with a framework of 12 houses. He is accompanied by his goldfish, Dorothy, and silent Charlie Chaplin–like characters named Mr. The techniques described here belong to western astrology. He currently hosts the last full segment on Sesame Street, called Elmo's World, which is aimed at toddlers. In order to understand and visualize the spherical geometry of the construction of a horoscope, we need to begin with some basic terms. He is a furry red Muppet monster with googly eyes and an orange nose.

From there, it started spreading all the way across to Western Europe, where it was almost considered a science itself by all learned people. Elmo is a fictional character on the children's television show Sesame Street. where it started to spread in the East with the conquerors of the Roman Empire. [3]. The earliest known horoscope was from 409 B.C. In January 2006, controversy surrounded the book "Potty Time With Elmo" when a mother reported that pressing the buttons caused Elmo to say "Who wants to die?" The books manufacturer said that this was not an isolated claim, and that they'd had several complaints about the book. Which simply means, where everything in the universe was in relation to everything else when a person was born. (Right hand operates the mouth, left hand operates the left paw, right hand is operated by a second person.).

A definition of a horoscope is: the illustration of the position of the sun, moon, planets and stars from a given location on earth, usually at birth. This is common with muppets, due to the method of operation. Most astrologers regard those as nearly worthless, since a horoscope is actually highly personalized, and cannot be generalized to thousands of readers just through the position of the Sun at the time of birth. Elmo appears to be left-handed, because he uses that "paw" to draw with his crayon and operate his computer mouse. In particular, many newspapers and magazines carry horoscope columns, describing planetary positions and influences for the various astrological signs. The song is likely not part of the Sesame Street canon. In common usage, the word horoscope also refers to the astrologer's interpretation of the astrological chart. According to the parody song "Elmo You Can Drive My Car" (based on The Beatles's "Drive My Car"), Elmo had a "maybe I love you" romance with a girl that had celebrity aspirations.

Different systems of tri-secting arcs produce houses of different size. Despite her extremely close relationship to Elmo, the sister has never been mentioned before or again. These angles are the astrological aspects. According to one Sesame Street picture book, Elmo also has at least one set of grandparents, and a sister. Then the angles between the planets are determined. These are also the names of puppeteer Kevin Clash's parents [2]. The Sun or the Earth is placed in the centre (depending on whether the ephemeris was heliocentric or geocentric) with the remaining elements around the outside: the planets, the lunar nodes, the ascendant and midheaven, and the houses. His parents, according to the Birthday segment of Elmo's World, are named George and Gladys.

This diagram, called a chart, is a stylized map of the heavens. A parody of Tickle Me Elmo was included in the Jhonen Vasquez comic, Squee titled Tickle Me Hellmo. Using an ephemeris and a table of houses an astrologer calculates the geocentric positions of the Sun, Moon, and planets for a specific time and place in order to erect a formatted horoscope. Moe then tickles him, as Elmo slaps him and says "'No' means 'No' for Elmo!". horoskopoi,or "marker(s) of the hour."] Other commonly used names for the horoscope in English include natal chart, natus, birth chart, astrological chart, astro-chart, celestial map, sky-map, nativity, star-chart, cosmogram, Vitasphere, soulprint, radical chart, radix, or simply chart, among others. In another episode of The Simpsons, a Tickle Me Elmo doll appears in Maggie's nursery. The term horoscope is derived from Greek words meaning, "a look at the hours" [horoskopos, pl. Bush, he said, "Elmo go to wrong fundraiser.".

In astrology, a horoscope is a chart or diagram representing the positions of the planets, other celestial bodies, and sensitive angles at the time of any event, such as a person's birth. In another episode of The Simpsons a parody of post-9/11 America, Elmo appeared in a political prison after supporting opponents of George W. For some the cusp includes a small portion of the two signs or houses under consideration. He reminded Homer, who didn't want to pay for a pledge he made to a PBS phone-a-thon, that "Elmo knows where you live.". A cusp is the boundary between two signs or houses. Elmo briefly appeared as a vengeful cartoon character in a Simpsons episode. Tropical Astrologers use Zodiac Signs rather than arbitrary constellations.

Sidereal Astrologers use constellations, though there's no validating research for this preference. Precession of the equinox is roughly 5 minutes of a degree every 6 years. Because of a "wobble" in the earth's axis of rotation over a period of about 26,000 years the point at which the vernal equinox advances in the sky rate is 0 deg, 0 min, 50.23 secs a year. Many students confuse the difference between Sidereal Constellations and Zodiac Signs.

Most Western Astrologers use the Tropical Zodiac in which the astrological year begins with the vernal equinox, when the sun crosses the celestial equator and enters the zodiac sign of Aries. The signs and planets all move through the twelve houses during the course of a day, and the planets move through the signs over the course of months or years. The positions of these houses remains fixed relative to the native. The first six are therefore below the horizon, and the other six are above.

The first house begins at the ascendant and the others are numbered counterclockwise from that point. In the case of the Equal House System the ecliptic is divided into twelve equal houses of 30º each. Similarly, explanations in this article based on the Equal House System are not meant to give any theoretical preference to that system; it is simply the system whose geometry is easiest to understand. The use of a particular system of house division is often more a result of what calculations are available than of any conscious consideration of one system's merits over that of another.

Just as this article does not seek to discuss the validity of astrology, it is also beyond its scope to attempt to resolve questions which may be disputed among astrologers. Astrologers have devised at least nine different ways of calculating these house divisions. The houses are a series of twelve divisions of the plane of the ecliptic. If an event occurs at sunrise the ascendant and sun sign will be the same; other rising signs can then be estimated at approximately two hour intervals from there.

This is the single astrological fact most familiar to people. The sun sign is the sign of the zodiac in which the sun is located for the native. This provides us with the term rising sign, which is the sign of the zodiac on the native's ascendant. During the course of a day, because of the earth's rotation, the entire circle of the ecliptic will pass through the ascendant and will be advanced by about 1º.

In draughting a horoscope the ascendant is traditionally placed as the left-hand side point of the chart. Its opposite point in the west is the descendant. The ascendant is the eastern point where the ecliptic and horizon intersect. For events occurring where the planes of the eccliptic and the horizon coincide the limiting position for these points is at 90º from the ascendant.

The medium coeli or mid-heaven is the point on the ecliptic that is furthest above the plane of the horizon; its opposite point is known as the imum coeli. It is approximately 18º wide. It is centered on the ecliptic, and its width is sufficient to allow for the fact that the orbits of the moon and all other planets are not parallel to the plane of the ecliptic. The zodiac refers to a band on the celestial sphere containing the signs.

The axis of the plane of the horizon has end points above, the zenith, and below, the nadir. Some writers on astrology have considered the effects of parallax, but most would agree that (apart from that of the Moon) they are relatively minor, and are beyond the scope of this article. This greatly simplifies understanding the geometry of the horoscope. In a sphere whose radius is infinitely large this plane may be treated as nearly equivalent to the parallel plane with its centre at the earth's center.

The plane of the horizon is centred on the native, and is tangential to the earth at that point. For practical purposes the plane of the equator and the plane of the ecliptic maintain a constant inclination to each other of approximately 23.5°. The plane of the ecliptic is defined by the orbits of the earth and the sun. The plane of the equator is the plane of the earth's equator projected into space.

The celestial sphere is a sphere of arbitrary radius upon which the items appearing on the horoscope are projected without regard to their distance from the native. This term is a general one that includes not only birth times as they are commonly understood, but any event for which a horoscope may be drawn. The native refers to the time and place of the event being charted, and considered to be at the centre of the celestial sphere.