HomerBust of Homer in the British Museum
Homer (Greek Ὅμηρος Hómēros) was a legendary early Greek poet and rhapsode traditionally credited with authorship of the major Greek epics Iliad and Odyssey, the comic mini-epic Batrachomyomachia ("The Frog-Mouse War"), the corpus of Homeric Hymns, and various other lost or fragmentary works such as Margites. A few ancient authors credited him with the entire Epic Cycle, which included further poems on the Trojan War as well as the Theban poems about Oedipus and his sons. Tradition held that Homer was blind, and various Ionian cities are claimed to be his birthplace, but otherwise his biography is a blank slate. There is considerable scholarly debate about whether or not Homer was actually a real person, or the name given to one or more oral poets who sang traditional epic material. It has repeatedly been questioned whether the same poet was responsible for both the Iliad and the Odyssey; the Batrachomyomachia, Homeric hymns and cyclic poems are generally agreed to be later than these two epic poems. The Homeric QuestionIt is generally agreed among scholars that the Iliad and Odyssey underwent a process of standardization and refinement out of older material beginning in the 8th century BC. An important role in this standardization appears to have been played by the Athenian tyrant Hipparchus, who reformed the recitation of Homeric poetry at the Panathenaic festival. Many classicists hold that this reform must have involved the production of a canonical written text. Other scholars, however, maintain their belief in the reality of an actual Homer. So little is known or even guessed of his actual life, that a common joke has it that the poems "were not written by Homer, but by another man of the same name," and the classical scholar Richmond Lattimore, author of well regarded poetic translations to English of both epics, once wrote a paper entitled "Homer: Who Was She?" Samuel Butler was more specific, theorizing a young Sicilian woman as author of the Odyssey (but not the Iliad), an idea further speculated on by Robert Graves in his novel Homer's Daughter. In Greek his name is Homēros, which is Greek for "hostage". There is a theory that his name was back-extracted from the name of a society of poets called the Homeridae, which literally means "sons of hostages", i.e., descendants of prisoners of war. As these men were not sent to war because their loyalty on the battlefield was suspect, they would not get killed in battles. Thus they were entrusted with remembering the area's stock of epic poetry, to remember past events, in the times before literacy came to the area. Most Classicists would agree that, whether there was ever such a composer as "Homer" or not, the Homeric poems are the product of an oral tradition, a generations-old technique that was the collective inheritance of many singer-poets, aoidoi. An analysis of the structure and vocabulary of the Iliad and Odyssey shows that the poems consist of regular, repeating phrases; even entire verses repeat. Could the Iliad and Odyssey have been oral-formulaic poems, composed on the spot by the poet using a collection of memorized traditional verses and phases? Milman Parry and Albert Lord pointed out that such elaborate oral tradition, foreign to today's literate cultures, is typical of epic poetry in an exclusively oral culture. The crucial words are "oral" and "traditional." Parry started with "traditional." The repetitive chunks of language, he said, were inherited by the singer-poet from his predecessors, and they were useful to the poet in composition. He called these chunks of repetitive language "formulas." Exactly when these poems would have taken on a fixed written form is subject to debate. The traditional solution is the "transcription hypothesis", wherein a non-literate "Homer" dictates his poem to a literate scribe in the 6th century BC or earlier. More radical Homerists, such as Gregory Nagy, contend that a canonical text of the Homeric poems as "scripture" did not exist until the Hellenistic period. Historical Aspects of the PoemsThis marble bust of Homer, a Roman copy of a Greek original, is now in the Capitoline Museum in Rome, Italy.See main article Troy. Another significant question regards the tales' possible historical basis. The commentaries on the Iliad and the Odyssey written in the Hellenistic period (3rd to 1st century BC) began exploring the textual inconsistencies of the poems. Modern classicists continue the tradition. The excavations of Heinrich Schliemann in the late 19th century began to convince scholars there was a historical basis for the Trojan War. Research (pioneered by the aforementioned Parry and Lord) into oral epics in Serbo-Croatian and Turkic languages began to convince scholars that long poems could be preserved with consistency by oral cultures until someone bothered to write them down. The decipherment of Linear B in the 1950s by Michael Ventris and others, convinced scholars of a linguistic continuity between 13th century BC Mycenaean writings and the poems attributed to Homer. This page about Homer includes information from a Wikipedia article. Additional articles about Homer News stories about Homer External links for Homer Videos for Homer Wikis about Homer Discussion Groups about Homer Blogs about Homer Images of Homer |
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The decipherment of Linear B in the 1950s by Michael Ventris and others, convinced scholars of a linguistic continuity between 13th century BC Mycenaean writings and the poems attributed to Homer. In a six-year career, Mora is a .280 hitter with 76 home runs and 312 RBI in 711 games. Research (pioneered by the aforementioned Parry and Lord) into oral epics in Serbo-Croatian and Turkic languages began to convince scholars that long poems could be preserved with consistency by oral cultures until someone bothered to write them down. At third base, he improved and became more consistent as the season wore on. The excavations of Heinrich Schliemann in the late 19th century began to convince scholars there was a historical basis for the Trojan War. His 27 home runs and 104 RBI were also career-highs, while leading his team in batting average, runs, on base percentage, slugging average and OPS. Modern classicists continue the tradition. Mora hit a career-high .340, finishing second in the AL batting race to Ichiro Suzuki's .372 mark; led the league hitters in on base percentage (.419); ranked 5th in slugging average (.562) and OPS (.981); 6th in runs (111), doubles (41) and times on base (264); 8th in hits (187), and 9th in total bases (264). The commentaries on the Iliad and the Odyssey written in the Hellenistic period (3rd to 1st century BC) began exploring the textual inconsistencies of the poems. He started as the regular Orioles' third baseman and enjoyed his most productive season in the majors. Another significant question regards the tales' possible historical basis. Upon arriving at 2004 spring training, Mora learned he no longer had to concern himself with changing three gloves on a daily basis. See main article Troy.. Still, he finished with a .317 average, 15 home runs, 48 RBI, and a .418 on-base percentage in 96 games. More radical Homerists, such as Gregory Nagy, contend that a canonical text of the Homeric poems as "scripture" did not exist until the Hellenistic period. Unfortunately, Mora missed all of August with a bruised wrist and sat out the final two weeks of the season with a partially torn ligament in his left knee. The traditional solution is the "transcription hypothesis", wherein a non-literate "Homer" dictates his poem to a literate scribe in the 6th century BC or earlier. That earned him his first All-Star selection; he appeared as a pinch runner and played the outfield for an inning. Exactly when these poems would have taken on a fixed written form is subject to debate. Mora maintained the lead from June 9 to the final day before the All-Star break. He called these chunks of repetitive language "formulas.". He reached base in 32 straight games while using a 23-game hitting streak to become the American League batting leader. The crucial words are "oral" and "traditional." Parry started with "traditional." The repetitive chunks of language, he said, were inherited by the singer-poet from his predecessors, and they were useful to the poet in composition. Mora responded with the best stretch of his career. Could the Iliad and Odyssey have been oral-formulaic poems, composed on the spot by the poet using a collection of memorized traditional verses and phases? Milman Parry and Albert Lord pointed out that such elaborate oral tradition, foreign to today's literate cultures, is typical of epic poetry in an exclusively oral culture. Then, injuries to four outfielders left him an opportunity to play at leftfield. An analysis of the structure and vocabulary of the Iliad and Odyssey shows that the poems consist of regular, repeating phrases; even entire verses repeat. In 2003, Mora played five different positions for the Orioles over 11 games during the first month of the season. Most Classicists would agree that, whether there was ever such a composer as "Homer" or not, the Homeric poems are the product of an oral tradition, a generations-old technique that was the collective inheritance of many singer-poets, aoidoi. In the same period, he hit .249 with 36 home runs and 176 RBI. Thus they were entrusted with remembering the area's stock of epic poetry, to remember past events, in the times before literacy came to the area. Between 2000 and 2002, he was used in 359 games at shortstop (137), center field (129), left field (74), second base (14) and right field (5). As these men were not sent to war because their loyalty on the battlefield was suspect, they would not get killed in battles. The things were not different for Mora in his new team. There is a theory that his name was back-extracted from the name of a society of poets called the Homeridae, which literally means "sons of hostages", i.e., descendants of prisoners of war. Then, he was traded to Baltimore at the midseason. In Greek his name is Homēros, which is Greek for "hostage". In 138 games played he committed only eight errors (7 in the shortstop) in 223 total chances. So little is known or even guessed of his actual life, that a common joke has it that the poems "were not written by Homer, but by another man of the same name," and the classical scholar Richmond Lattimore, author of well regarded poetic translations to English of both epics, once wrote a paper entitled "Homer: Who Was She?" Samuel Butler was more specific, theorizing a young Sicilian woman as author of the Odyssey (but not the Iliad), an idea further speculated on by Robert Graves in his novel Homer's Daughter. With the ability to play all three outfield positions, shortstop, second base and third, Mora was a valuable man to have around. Other scholars, however, maintain their belief in the reality of an actual Homer. In 145 games from 1999-2000, Mora hit .245 (61-for-246) with six home runs and 31 RBI. Many classicists hold that this reform must have involved the production of a canonical written text. After spending seven years in the Astros minors system, he signed as a free agent with the Mets in 1998 and made his majors debut in the 1999 season. An important role in this standardization appears to have been played by the Athenian tyrant Hipparchus, who reformed the recitation of Homeric poetry at the Panathenaic festival. Mora was signed out of Venezuela in 1991. It is generally agreed among scholars that the Iliad and Odyssey underwent a process of standardization and refinement out of older material beginning in the 8th century BC. . . He started at third base for the Baltimore Orioles on opening day in 2004, and if all goes as planned, will stay there for at least the next two seasons. It has repeatedly been questioned whether the same poet was responsible for both the Iliad and the Odyssey; the Batrachomyomachia, Homeric hymns and cyclic poems are generally agreed to be later than these two epic poems. After enduring years of uncertainty as a utility player, Mora finally had a position to call his own. There is considerable scholarly debate about whether or not Homer was actually a real person, or the name given to one or more oral poets who sang traditional epic material. He bats and throws right-handed. Tradition held that Homer was blind, and various Ionian cities are claimed to be his birthplace, but otherwise his biography is a blank slate. Melvin Mora (born February 2, 1972 in Agua Negra, Yaracuy State, Venezuela) is a Major League Baseball player. A few ancient authors credited him with the entire Epic Cycle, which included further poems on the Trojan War as well as the Theban poems about Oedipus and his sons. Tom Singer, at Around the Horn: Corner infielders [1]. Homer (Greek Ὅμηρος Hómēros) was a legendary early Greek poet and rhapsode traditionally credited with authorship of the major Greek epics Iliad and Odyssey, the comic mini-epic Batrachomyomachia ("The Frog-Mouse War"), the corpus of Homeric Hymns, and various other lost or fragmentary works such as Margites. Melvin Mora is ready to turn more heads after hitting .340 at a position rarely known for high batting averages. Melmo or Mel-Mo. The babies, three girls and two boys, were named Jada Priscilla, Rebekah Alesha, Genesis Raquel, Christian Emmanuel, and Matthew David. On July 28, 2001, Mora found his blessings multiplied by five when his wife Gisel gave birth to quintuplets at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. Meanwhile, the Mets faced the Yankees in the 2000 World Series without him. Then, he was traded to the Orioles in the middle of the following season. Mora had to toil in the minor leagues for seven years before the Mets finally made him a major leaguer in 1999. A Venezuelan baseball coach come along when Mora was a teenager and convince him to play baseball, even though Mora had never played before and was already an accomplished soccer player since age 14. When he was seven years old, his father died in his arms in their house in Venezuela, murdered by men looking for someone else. Melvin Mora's baseball career also seems governed by something greater than himself. Twice All-Star (2003, 2005). |