Ho Chi Minh

Ho Chi Minh appears on the Vietnamese currency, and his image dominates much of the public space in Vietnam. He was played by Alec Baldwin in the movie The Aviator, a biopic of his rival, Howard Hughes. He is invariably referred to as "Uncle Ho" at schools and universities. Although it is commonly believed that Trippe was Cuban in whole or part, he was actually Northern European in ancestry. In Vietnam today, he is elevated by the Communist government to an almost cult-like status. In 1985, he was posthumously given the Medal of Freedom by United States president Ronald Reagan. He wrote, "Not only is cremation good from the point of view of hygiene, but it also saves farmland.". He passed away in 1981, in Los Angeles and is buried in the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York.

He wished to be cremated and his ashes buried in urns on three Vietnamese hilltops, each in one of the three main regions of Vietnam (North, Central and South). Trippe gave up presidency of the airline in 1968. This was consistent with other Communist leaders who have been similarly displayed before and since, including Mao Zedong, Kim Il-Sung, and for a time, Josef Stalin, but the "honor" violated Hồ's last wishes. But with the oil crisis of the 1970s, the airline deregulation act and many other world-wide situations, the airline suffered. His embalmed body was put on display in a granite mausoleum modeled after Lenin's Tomb in Moscow. Pan Am was the first customer of the large jet. Hồ died on the late evening of September 2, 1969 at his home in Hanoi at age 79 from multiple health problems including diabetes. In 1965, Trippe asked his friend Bill Allen of Boeing to produce an airplane that was much bigger than the 707s and the result was the Boeing 747.

His opponents, however, feel that he was not an admirable figure, claiming that he mandated the invasion of South Vietnam that resulted in the deaths of over a million of its citizens. The new jets allowed Pan Am to introduce lower fares and increase passenger numbers. To his supporters Hồ Chí Minh is viewed positively as a committed Nationalist and Vietnamese Communist, who fought for a united Vietnamese state. In October of 1958, Pan Am's first jet flight took off, a Boeing 707 taking off from Idlewild International Airport and landing in Paris. During his presidency, Hồ was the center of a large personality cult in North Vietnam which increased in force after his death and when the former capital of South Vietnam, Saigon (Sàigòn), was captured it was renamed Hồ Chí Minh City within 24 hours. With this in mind, he ordered several of the Boeing 707 and McDonnell Douglas DC-8 airplanes. During his presidency, North Vietnam attempted disastrous agrarian reforms that resulted in tens of thousands of deaths, as landowners were publicly denounced as landlords and executed (he later repudiated these programs). But when jet aircraft began to be produced, Trippe saw an even bigger opportunity to attract a wider customer base.

Hồ led the war against the French (1946-1954) and, later, against the United States until his death. Trippe is credited as the father of the tourist class in the airline industry. He was a leading force in trying to re-unite North Vietnam with South Vietnam through infiltration and insurrection during the 1960s. Pan Am was one of the few airlines that was largely unaffected by the situation. Hồ was almost captured by a group of French Soldiers led by Jean-Etienne Valluy at Viet Bac, but he was able to slip into a camouflaged hole at the last minute. Trippe's airline kept on stretching worldwide as World War II progressed. He signed an agreement with France which recognized Vietnam as an autonomous state in the Indochinese Federation and the French Union on March 6, 1946 but that compromise did not prevent the war that begun that December between Hồ's forces and the French who tried to re-establish their colonial rule in the country; following the Chinese withdrawal from the North in exchange for French-occupied territories in China. He believed that air travel could be enjoyed by the general public, not just the rich.

Hồ Chí Minh became President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) in 1954 (he had declared himself President on March 2, 1946 but this was not recognised internationally), when he forced Emperor Bao Dai to abdicate. He always wanted Pan Am to be the standard setter in each of the airline industry's areas. After adopting the name Hồ Chí Minh (胡 志明), a Sino-Vietnamese name with a common surname (Hồ) and a given name meaning aspiring (Chí) to light (Minh), he returned to Vietnam in 1941 to lead the Viet Minh independence movement, conducting successful military actions against the Japanese occupation forces and later against the French bid to reoccupy the country (1946-1954). Trippe became known for his innovations in the airline world. He later moved to Guangzhou, China, where he founded the Vietnamese Communist Party. In the 1930s, Pan Am, with the famous Clipper planes, became the first airline to cross the Pacific. He soon helped form the French Communist Party and spent much time in Moscow. Later, Trippe established the China National Aviation Corporation to provide domestic air service in the Republic of China, and became a partner in Panagra.

President at the time Woodrow Wilson for help to overthrow the French in Vietnam and to have a free democratic government like the French, but was again denied. Pan Am's first flight took off on October 28, 1927, from Key West to Havana. He asked the U.S. Interested in operating to the Caribbean, Trippe created the Aviation Company of the Americas, based in Florida, which he used to take over and then merged into the fledgling Pan Am, then known as Pan American Airways. Following World War I, as Nguyễn Ái Quốc, he petitioned the great powers at the Versailles peace talks for equal rights in French Indochina but was ignored. Along with some of his wealthy Yale friends Trippe invested in an airline named Colonial Air Transport. Hồ embraced Communism while living abroad in England (where he trained as a pastry chef under Escoffier) as well as France from 1915 - 1923. After receiving an inheritance he started working with New York Airways, an air-taxi service which served the rich and powerful.

He often went to the public library, read newspapers and paid much attention to the current affairs and political issues. Trippe graduated from Yale in 1921 and began working on Wall Street, but soon became bored. On the other hand, he was very excited with what he learned from a totally different world each day. Juan Terry Trippe (June 27, 1899–April 3, 1981) was an airline entrepreneur and pioneer. Hồ’s first time abroad was not easy, he worked hard in any job he could find, such as being a cleaner, waiter, cook helper, film developer. In 1911, Hồ went to the South to Gia Dinh (Saigon) and joined a ship en route to Marseille, France as a cabin-boy.

However, his application was rejected. Historian Nguyen The Anh has photocopied and published it in his book. This document is still preserved at the National Archives of France. Hồ made an application form for a course at the French "Colonial Administrative School" which Hồ filled out right after he arrived in Marseille.

He also received a modern secondary education at a French-style Lycee in Hue, the same alma mater of his later disciples, Pham Van Dong and Vo Nguyen Giap. His father, Nguyễn Sinh Sắc was a Confucian scholar, and Hồ himself received a strong Confucian upbringing. Afraid of repercussions from the Authorities, Hồ went into hiding. His father was convicted after he killed a friend after a drink session.

Hồ had two siblings, his brother Nguyen Tat Dat (or Ca Khiem), a geomancer and traditional herbalist and his sister Bach Lien (or Thanh) who worked as a clerk in the French Army. Following Confucian traditions, he received the name Nguyễn Tất Thành at age 10. Hồ was born in Hoang Tru and grew up in Kim Lien, Nam Dan District, Nghe An Province, Vietnam. .

He was originally named Nguyễn Sinh Cung, is also known as Nguyễn Tất Thành, Nguyễn Ái Quốc (a name used by other individuals as well, means "Nguyen the patriot"), Lý Thụy, Hồ Quang (among others) and is popularly called Bác Hồ (uncle Hồ) in Vietnam. Hồ Chí Minh (meaning "Ho, Enlightened Will") (Chữ nôm: 胡志明) listen^? (May 19, 1890 – September 2, 1969) was a Vietnamese revolutionary and statesman, who later became Prime Minister (1954) and President (1954 - 1969) of North Vietnam. The Macmillan Company. Vision Accomplished? The Enigma of Ho Chi Minh.

1971. Khac Huyen. N. Theia.

Ho Chi Minh: A Life. 2000. Duiker. William J.

Little, Brown and Company. Fire in the Lake: The Vietnamese and Americans in Vietnam. 1972. Francis Fitzgerald.

New American Library. Ho Chi Minh on Revolution and War, Selected Writings 1920-1966. Fall, ed., 1967. Bernard B.

Arbor House Pub Co. Richard Nixon, Reprint edition (November 1, 1987).No More Vietnam. "When the prison doors are opened, the real dragon will fly out.". Sitting by myself in my room, I would shout as if I were addressing large crowds: "Dear martyr compatriots! This is what we need, this is our path to liberation!" Since then (the 1920s) I had entire confidence in Lenin, in the Third International!".

What emotion, enthusiasm, enlightenment and confidence they communicated to me! I wept for joy. But by reading them again and again finally I was able to grasp the essential part. "In (Lenin's Theses on the National and Colonial Questions) there were political terms that were difficult to understand. But in the face of United States aggression they have risen up, united as one man.".

“The Vietnamese people deeply love independence, freedom and peace. "If the Tiger does not stop fighting the Elephant, the Elephant will die of exhaustion." (referring to Vietnam War). "It is better to sacrifice everything than to live in slavery". But even at those odds, you will lose and I will win." (referring to France and America in their wars in Vietnam).

"You can kill ten of my men for every one I kill of yours. "Nothing is more precious than Independence and Liberty.".