Gone With the Wind

(Redirected from Gone With The Wind) Gone With the Wind was an instant success.

Gone With the Wind, an American novel by Margaret Mitchell, was published in 1936 and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937. The novel is one of the most popular of all time, and an American film adaptation released on Decemeber 15, 1939 became the highest-grossing film in the history of Hollywood and received a record-breaking number of Academy Awards.

Mitchell's work relates the story of a rebellious Georgia woman named Scarlett O'Hara and her travails with friends, family and lovers in the midst of the antebellum South, the American Civil War, and the Reconstruction period. It also tells the story of the love that blossoms between Scarlett O'Hara and Rhett Butler.

The book

Critics and historians regard the book as having a strong ideological commitment to the cause of the Confederacy and a romanticized view of the culture of the antebellum South. This is apparent from the book's opening pages, which describe how Scarlett's beaux, the Tarleton twins, have been expelled from university and are accompanied home by their elder brothers out of a sense of honor: a metaphor for the South's viewpoint on the statehood of Kansas.

Nevertheless, the book includes a vivid description of the fall of Atlanta in 1864 and the devastation of war (some of it absent from the 1939 film), and shows a considerable amount of historical research. Mitchell's sweeping narrative of war and loss helped the book win the Pulitzer Prize on May 3, 1937.

The official sequel, Scarlett, was written by Alexandra Ripley in 1991.

In 2000, the copyright holders attempted to suppress publication of The Wind Done Gone, a book that told the story from the point of view of the slaves. A federal appeals court ruled against the plaintiffs in 2001. The successful defense was based on the court's acceptance of the book as parody.

The film

In 1936, film producer David O. Selznick decided that he wanted to create a movie based on Gone With the Wind. He bought the rights for $50,000, a record amount at the time. A well-publicized casting search for an actress to play Scarlett resulted in the hire of young British actress Vivien Leigh, although many other famous or soon-to-be-famous actresses had been auditioned, considered for the role, or tested, including Katharine Hepburn, Norma Shearer, Bette Davis, Barbara Stanwyck, Joan Crawford, Lana Turner, Susan Hayward, Carole Lombard, Paulette Goddard, Irene Dunne, Merle Oberon, Ida Lupino, Joan Fontaine, Loretta Young, Miriam Hopkins, Jean Arthur, Tallulah Bankhead, Joan Bennett, Frances Dee and Lucille Ball.

Shooting began on December 10, 1938 and was completed on November 11, 1939. The film premiered in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1939, with estimated production costs of $4 million, and has become the highest-grossing movie of all time (adjusted for inflation). It garnered thirteen Academy Award nominations and eight Awards.

Although some have criticized the film for sanitizing or even promoting the values of the Old South, filmgoers in 1939 had a different view. Scarlett O'Hara's father, Gerald, deferred to his wife, Ellen, who was portrayed as the real head of the O'Hara household. A black woman, Mammy, was not shy about upbraiding her white mistress, Scarlett. In early 1940, an African American would win an Academy Award when Hattie McDaniel walked to the podium to accept her Oscar as Best Supporting Actress.

The film has been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry and has undergone a complete digital restoration.

Credits

A full list can be found at The Internet Movie Database: Gone With the Wind (1939) (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0031381/fullcredits)

  • Directed by
    • George Cukor (uncredited)
    • Victor Fleming
    • Sam Wood (uncredited)
  • Writing credits
    • Margaret Mitchell (I) (novel)
    • Sidney Howard - adapted screenplay
    • Ben Hecht (uncredited) and
    • David O. Selznick (uncredited) and
    • Jo Swerling (uncredited) &
    • John Van Druten (uncredited)
  • Cast (in credits order)
    • Clark Gable .... Rhett Butler
    • Vivien Leigh .... Scarlett O'Hara
    • Leslie Howard .... Ashley Wilkes
    • Olivia de Havilland .... Melanie Hamilton
    • Hattie McDaniel .... Mammy
    • Thomas Mitchell (I) .... Gerald O'Hara
    • Barbara O'Neil .... Ellen O'Hara (as Barbara O'Neill)
    • Evelyn Keyes .... Suellen O'Hara
    • Ann Rutherford .... Carreen O'Hara
    • George Reeves .... Stuart Tarleton
    • Fred Crane .... Brent Tarleton
    • Oscar Polk .... Pork
    • Butterfly McQueen .... Prissy
    • Victor Jory (I) .... Jonas Wilkerson, The Overseer
    • Everett Brown (I) .... Big Sam, the foreman
    • Howard C. Hickman .... John Wilkes (as Howard Hickman)
    • Alicia Rhett .... India Wilkes
    • Rand Brooks .... Charles Hamilton
    • Carroll Nye .... Frank Kennedy, a guest
    • Laura Hope Crews .... Aunt Pittypat Hamilton
    • Ona Munson .... Belle Watling
  • Produced by
    • David O. Selznick
  • Oscar Record
    • Best Picture - David O. Selznick, producer
    • Best Actress in a Leading Role - Vivien Leigh
    • Best Actress in a Supporting Role - Hattie McDaniel
    • Best Art Direction - Lyle R. Wheeler
    • Best Cinematography, Color - Ernest Haller, and Ray Rennahan
    • Best Director - Victor Fleming
    • Best Film Editing - Hal C. Kern, and James E. Newcom
    • Best Writing, Screenplay - Sidney Howard
    • Honorary Award - William Cameron Menzies - "For outstanding achievement in the use of color for the enhancement of dramatic mood in the production of Gone with the Wind." (plaque).
    • Technical Achievement Award - Don Musgrave - "For pioneering in the use of coordinated equipment in the production Gone with the Wind."
Nominated
    • Best Actor in a Leading Role - Clark Gable
    • Best Actress in a Supporting Role - Olivia de Havilland
    • Best Effects, Special Effects - Fred Albin (sound), Jack Cosgrove (photographic), and Arthur Johns (sound)
    • Best Music, Original Score - Max Steiner
    • Best Sound, Recording - Thomas T. Moulton (Samuel Goldwyn SSD)

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A full list can be found at The Internet Movie Database: Gone With the Wind (1939) (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0031381/fullcredits). In spite of this, the movie has been digitally restored to an impressive standard of picture and sound quality. The film has been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry and has undergone a complete digital restoration. The audio commentary on the movie's "Special Edition" DVD includes a claim that the original negative was destroyed in a fire. In early 1940, an African American would win an Academy Award when Hattie McDaniel walked to the podium to accept her Oscar as Best Supporting Actress. The film has been deemed "culturally significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. A black woman, Mammy, was not shy about upbraiding her white mistress, Scarlett. Jean Hagen was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

Scarlett O'Hara's father, Gerald, deferred to his wife, Ellen, who was portrayed as the real head of the O'Hara household. Kelly was also responsible for the Choreography. Although some have criticized the film for sanitizing or even promoting the values of the Old South, filmgoers in 1939 had a different view. The film was directed by Gene Kelly and Stanley Donen. It garnered thirteen Academy Award nominations and eight Awards. Shooting began on June 18, 1951 and was completed on November 21, 1951. Shooting began on December 10, 1938 and was completed on November 11, 1939. The film premiered in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1939, with estimated production costs of $4 million, and has become the highest-grossing movie of all time (adjusted for inflation). This was done using three break dancers, a recreation of the original set and superimposing Kelly's face onto the dancer.

A well-publicized casting search for an actress to play Scarlett resulted in the hire of young British actress Vivien Leigh, although many other famous or soon-to-be-famous actresses had been auditioned, considered for the role, or tested, including Katharine Hepburn, Norma Shearer, Bette Davis, Barbara Stanwyck, Joan Crawford, Lana Turner, Susan Hayward, Carole Lombard, Paulette Goddard, Irene Dunne, Merle Oberon, Ida Lupino, Joan Fontaine, Loretta Young, Miriam Hopkins, Jean Arthur, Tallulah Bankhead, Joan Bennett, Frances Dee and Lucille Ball. It has also been the subject of a 2005 advert for the new VW Golf GTI, where Kelly appears to be break dancing instead of doing his usual routine until he reaches a policeman standing by the car. He bought the rights for $50,000, a record amount at the time. It has of course been parodied several times, notably by Morecambe and Wise and Paddington Bear. Selznick decided that he wanted to create a movie based on Gone With the Wind. The dance routine in which Gene Kelly sings the title song while twirling an umbrella, splashing through puddles and generally getting soaked to the skin, is probably the most famous of all movie musical sequences. In 1936, film producer David O. The song "Make 'Em Laugh" uncomfortably resembles the Cole Porter song "Be a Clown." Comden and Green wrote the music and lyrics to the number "Moses Supposes.".

The successful defense was based on the court's acceptance of the book as parody. The film features a rendition of the 1929 song "Singin' in the Rain" by Arthur Freed (who also produced) & Nacio Herb Brown, along with other Freed and Brown tunes from the late 1920s and the 1930s. A federal appeals court ruled against the plaintiffs in 2001. Meanwhile Lockwood falls in love with the overdub artist Kathy Selden (Debbie Reynolds) and Lamont does everything possible to sabotage the romance. In 2000, the copyright holders attempted to suppress publication of The Wind Done Gone, a book that told the story from the point of view of the slaves. After a terrible screen test, Lockwood and his partner Cosmo Brown (Donald O'Connor) decide to return to their roots and convince the studio to overdub Lamont's voice and turn The Dueling Cavalier into The Dancing Cavalier, a musical comedy. The official sequel, Scarlett, was written by Alexandra Ripley in 1991. The production is beset with difficulties, not least Lina's inadvertently comical speaking voice.

Mitchell's sweeping narrative of war and loss helped the book win the Pulitzer Prize on May 3, 1937. After the smash-hit of the historical talking picture innovator, The Jazz Singer, Lockwood's studio decides to convert the current Lockwood/Lamont vehicle, The Dueling Cavalier, into a talkie. Nevertheless, the book includes a vivid description of the fall of Atlanta in 1864 and the devastation of war (some of it absent from the 1939 film), and shows a considerable amount of historical research. Lockwood barely tolerates his vapid leading lady, Lina Lamont (Jean Hagen), who is convinced their screen romance is real. This is apparent from the book's opening pages, which describe how Scarlett's beaux, the Tarleton twins, have been expelled from university and are accompanied home by their elder brothers out of a sense of honor: a metaphor for the South's viewpoint on the statehood of Kansas. Kelly plays Don Lockwood, a silent film star with humble roots. Critics and historians regard the book as having a strong ideological commitment to the cause of the Confederacy and a romanticized view of the culture of the antebellum South. Themes of certains arts being inferior to others, or the immortal if you seen one of them, you've seen them all (which is what Rossini also said about his operas) are today as vivid as ever.

It also tells the story of the love that blossoms between Scarlett O'Hara and Rhett Butler. The movie has an extraordinarily intelligent plot, which greatly contributes to the work being systematically classified as the best musical comedy ever. Mitchell's work relates the story of a rebellious Georgia woman named Scarlett O'Hara and her travails with friends, family and lovers in the midst of the antebellum South, the American Civil War, and the Reconstruction period. Singin' in the Rain, a 1952 Gene Kelly musical film, chronicled Hollywood's transition from silent films to "talkies". The novel is one of the most popular of all time, and an American film adaptation released on Decemeber 15, 1939 became the highest-grossing film in the history of Hollywood and received a record-breaking number of Academy Awards. In the lead in to Make 'em Laugh, O'Conner/Cosmo sarcastically references the tragic line "ridi pagliaccio" ("Laugh, clown") from I Pagliacci. Gone With the Wind, an American novel by Margaret Mitchell, was published in 1936 and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937. Dora Bailey, the gushy gossip columnist is an uncredited role played by Madge Blake who was later famous for her role as Aunt Harriet on Batman.

Moulton (Samuel Goldwyn SSD). Simpson also uses one of Freed's frequent expressions when he says that he "cannot quite visualize it and has to see it on film first", referring to the Broadway ballet sequence. Best Sound, Recording - Thomas T. F. Best Music, Original Score - Max Steiner. R. Best Effects, Special Effects - Fred Albin (sound), Jack Cosgrove (photographic), and Arthur Johns (sound). Simpson are a reference to Arthur Freed.

Best Actress in a Supporting Role - Olivia de Havilland. F. Best Actor in a Leading Role - Clark Gable. The initials of the fictional Monumental Pictures' owner, R.

    . Surviving prints of the sequence feature Reynolds singing in her own voice. Technical Achievement Award - Don Musgrave - "For pioneering in the use of coordinated equipment in the production Gone with the Wind.". One possible reason why the scene was cut is that it somewhat contradicts the initial scene where Debbie does not immediately identify Gene when he jumps into her car.

    Honorary Award - William Cameron Menzies - "For outstanding achievement in the use of color for the enhancement of dramatic mood in the production of Gone with the Wind." (plaque). An additional performance of You Are My Lucky Star featuring Debbie Reynolds singing to a giant poster of Gene Kelly was cut from the final film and was not released to the public until the 1990s. Best Writing, Screenplay - Sidney Howard. In the famous rain scene, Kelly is actually dancing in a weak solution of milk so that it would be picked up by the camera. Newcom. Had this been the truth, the on-stage reality would have been an exact mirror image of the movie itself. Kern, and James E. Debbie certainly does not acknowledge anything like that during her extensive commentary on the Special Edition DVD and this appears incorrect to a careful listener too.

    Best Film Editing - Hal C. This brings us to another legend, that Jean Hagen actually dubbed Debbie in the entire movie, since Debbie's Texas accent was judged too thick. Best Director - Victor Fleming. It is certainly different from Debbie's talking voice. Best Cinematography, Color - Ernest Haller, and Ray Rennahan. However most sources give Betty Noyes as the proprietor of the "beautiful" singing voice, used in Would You and the final You Are My Lucky Star. Wheeler. She provided her own track for both talking and singing and Reynolds is actually miming to that.

    Best Art Direction - Lyle R. In the scenes where Kathy (Debbie Reynolds) is seen over-dubbing Lena Lamont (Jean Hagen), it is actually Hagen's voice we hear. Best Actress in a Supporting Role - Hattie McDaniel. Best Actress in a Leading Role - Vivien Leigh. Selznick, producer.

    Best Picture - David O. Oscar Record

      . Selznick. David O.

      Produced by

        . Belle Watling. Ona Munson ... Laura Hope Crews .... Aunt Pittypat Hamilton.

        Frank Kennedy, a guest. Carroll Nye ... Charles Hamilton. Rand Brooks ...

        India Wilkes. Alicia Rhett ... John Wilkes (as Howard Hickman). Hickman ...

        Howard C. Big Sam, the foreman. Everett Brown (I) ... Jonas Wilkerson, The Overseer.

        Victor Jory (I) ... Prissy. Butterfly McQueen ... Pork.

        Oscar Polk ... Brent Tarleton. Fred Crane ... Stuart Tarleton.

        George Reeves ... Carreen O'Hara. Ann Rutherford ... Suellen O'Hara.

        Evelyn Keyes ... Barbara O'Neil .... Ellen O'Hara (as Barbara O'Neill). Gerald O'Hara. Thomas Mitchell (I) ...

        Mammy. Hattie McDaniel ... Melanie Hamilton. Olivia de Havilland ...

        Ashley Wilkes. Leslie Howard ... Scarlett O'Hara. Vivien Leigh ...

        Rhett Butler. Clark Gable ... Cast (in credits order)

          . John Van Druten (uncredited).

          Jo Swerling (uncredited) &. Selznick (uncredited) and. David O. Ben Hecht (uncredited) and.

          Sidney Howard - adapted screenplay. Margaret Mitchell (I) (novel). Writing credits

            . Sam Wood (uncredited).

            Victor Fleming. George Cukor (uncredited). Directed by

              .