Georgia (U.S. state)

State nickname: Peach State / Empire State of the South
Other U.S. States
Capital Atlanta
Largest city Atlanta
Governor Sonny Perdue
Official languages English
Area 154,077 km² (24th)
 - Land 150,132 km²
 - Water 3,945 km² (2.6%)
Population (2000)
 - Population 8,186,453 (10th)
 - Density 54.59 /km² (18th)
Admission into Union
 - Date January 2, 1788
 - Order 4th
Time zone Eastern: UTC-5/-4
Latitude 30°31'N to 35°N
Longitude 81°W to 85°53'W
Width 370 km
Length 480 km
Elevation
 - Highest 1,458 m
 - Mean 180 m
 - Lowest 0 m
Abbreviations
 - USPS GA
 - ISO 3166-2 US-GA
Web site www.georgia.gov

Georgia is a southern state of the United States and its U.S. postal abbreviation is GA. Georgia was one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. It was the thirteenth colony and became the fourth state, ratifying the United States Constitution on January 2, 1788. Georgia's population in 2000 was 8,186,453 (U.S. Census). Georgia is one of the fastest growing states in the nation, with an estimated 8,829,383 people in 2004. Georgia is also known as the Peach State or Empire State of the South .

The state song, Georgia on My Mind by Hoagy Carmichael was originally written about a woman of that name, but after Georgia native Ray Charles sang it, the state legislature voted it the state song. Ray Charles sang it on the legislative floor when the bill passed.

The state tree is the Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana), the state bird is the brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum), and the state flower is the cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata).

Several U.S. Navy ships have been named USS Georgia in honor of this state.

History

Main article: History of Georgia

Early on, a number of Spanish explorers visited the inland region of Georgia, leaving a trail of destruction behind them. The local moundbuilder culture, described by Hernando de Soto in 1540, had completely disappeared by 1560.

The conflict between Spain and Britain over control of Georgia began in earnest in about 1670, when the British, moving south from their Carolina colony in present-day South Carolina met the Spanish moving north from their base in Florida. In 1724, it was first suggested that what was by then a British colony be called Province of Georgia in honor of King George II.

Massive British settlement began in the early 1730s with James Oglethorpe, an Englishman in the British parliament, who promoted the idea that the area be used to settle people in a debtors' prison. On February 12, 1733, the first settlers landed in the HMS Anne at what was to become the city of Savannah. This day is now known as Georgia Day, which is not a public holiday, but is mainly observed in schools and by some local civic groups.

On January 18, 1861 Georgia joined the Confederacy and became a major theater of the American Civil War. In December 1864, a large swath of the state was destroyed during General William Tecumseh Sherman's March to the Sea. This event served as the historical background for the book and movie Gone With the Wind. On July 15, 1870, following Reconstruction, Georgia became the last former Confederate state to be readmitted to the Union.

On February 19, 1953 Georgia became the first U.S. state to approve a literature censorship board in the United States.

Georgia has had five "permanent" state capitals: colonial Savannah, which later alternated with Augusta; then for a decade at Louisville (pron. Lewis-ville), and from 1806 through the American Civil War at Milledgeville. The state's legislature also met at other temporary sites, including Macon, especially during the Civil War.

Law and Government

Until recently, Georgia's state government had the longest unbroken record of single-party dominance of any state in the Union. For over 130 years, from 1872 to 2003, Georgians only elected Democratic governors, and Democrats held the majority of seats in the General Assembly. The state capital is Atlanta.

As with all other U.S. States and the federal government, Georgia's government is based on the separation of legislative, executive and judicial power. Executive authority in the state rests with the governor, currently Sonny Perdue (Republican). The Lieutenant Governor, currently Mark Taylor (Democrat), is elected on a separate ballot. Both the governor and lieutenant governor are elected to four-year terms of office. Unlike the federal government, but like many other U.S. States, most of the executive officials who comprise the governor's cabinet are elected by the citizens of Georgia, rather than appointed by the governor.

(See: list of Georgia governors.)

Legislative authority resides in the General Assembly, composed of the Senate and House of Representatives. The Lieutenant Governor presides over the Senate, while the House of Representatives selects their own Speaker. The state Constitution mandates a maximum of 56 Senators, elected from single-member districts, and a minimum of 180 Representatives, apportioned among representative districts (which sometimes results in more than one Representative per district); there are currently 56 Senators and 180 Representatives. The term of office for Senators and Representatives is two years.

State Judicial authority rests with the state Supreme Court and Court of Appeals, which have statewide authority. In addition, there are smaller courts which have more limited geographical jurisdiction, including State Courts, Superior Courts, Magistrate Courts and Probate Courts. Justices of the Supreme Court and Judges of the Court of Appeals are elected statewide by the citizens in non-partisan elections to six-year terms. Judges for the smaller courts are elected by the state's citizens who live within that court's jurisdiction to four-year terms.

At the federal level, Georgia's two U.S. senators are Saxby Chambliss (Republican) and Johnny Isakson (Republican). As of the 2001 reapportionment, the state has 13 congressmen and women in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Georgia also has 159 counties, the most of any state except Texas (254). Before 1932, there were 161, with Milton and Campbell being merged into Fulton at the end of 1931, during the Great Depression. Gwinnett County was named after Button Gwinnett, one of the delegates from Georgia who signed the U.S. Declaration of Independence. Counties in Georgia have their own elected legislative branch, usually called the Board of Commissioners, which usually also has executive authority in the county. Georgia's Constitution provides all counties and cities with "home rule" authority, and so the county commissions have considerable power to pass legislation within their county as a municipality would.

Besides the counties, Georgia only defines cities as local units of government. Every incorporated town, no matter how small, is legally a city. Conversely, the city of Sandy Springs is one of the largest in the state (over 80,000), but is not legally so since it is not yet incorporated, although a referendum is planned for the summer of 2005. Georgia does not provide for townships or independent cities, but does allow consolidated city-county governments by local referendum. So far, only Columbus, Augusta, and Athens have done this.

Georgia has a modest income tax and a 4% state sales tax, which is not applied to groceries or prescription drugs. Each county may add up to a 2% SPLOST. Counties participating in MARTA have another 1%, the city of Atlanta (in two counties) has the only city sales tax (1%, total 8%) for fixing its old sewers. Local taxes are almost always charged on groceries but never prescriptions. Up to 1% of a SPLOST can go to homestead exemptions. All taxes are collected by the state and then properly distributed according to any agreements that each county has with its cities.

There is no true metropolitan government in Georgia, though the Atlanta Regional Commission and Georgia Regional Transportation Authority do provide some regional services, and the ARC must approve all major land development projects in metro Atlanta.

(See: list of Georgia counties.)

Geography

Map of Georgia

Georgia is bordered on the south by Florida, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and South Carolina, on the west by Alabama, and on the north by Tennessee and North Carolina. The northern part of the state is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, a mountain range in the mountain system of the Appalachians. The central piedmont extends from the foothills to the fall line, where the rivers cascade down in elevation to the continental coastal plain of the southern part of the state. The highest point in Georgia is Brasstown Bald, 4784 feet (1458 m); the lowest point is sea level.

The capital is Atlanta, in the central part of northern Georgia, and the peach is a symbol of the state. The state is an important producer of cotton, tobacco, and forest products, notably the so-called "naval stores" such as turpentine and rosin from the pine forests.

Georgia is also the largest state east of the Mississippi River, since West Virginia seceded from Virginia during the Civil War.

Transportation

Atlanta is still a major railroad hub for CSX and Norfolk Southern, in addition to being a major airport hub now as well. Several highways and short line railroads also traverse the state.

Interstate highways

United States highways

Economy

Georgia's 2003 total gross state product was $320 billion. Its per capita personal income for 2003 put it 31st in the nation at $29,000. Georgia's agricultural outputs are poultry and eggs, peanuts, cattle, hogs, dairy products, and vegetables. Its industrial outputs are textiles and apparel, transportation equipment, food processing, paper products, chemical products, electric equipment, and tourism.

Demographics

As of 2003, the population of Georgia was 8,684,715, making it the 10th most populous state. Its population has grown 34% (2.2 million) from its 1990 levels, making it one of the fastest-growing states in the country. More than half of the state's population lives in the Atlanta metro area.

Racially, Georgia is:

7.3% of its population were reported as under 5 years of age, 26.5% under 18, and 9.6% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 50.8% of the population.

Religion

Religiously, Georgia is overwhelmingly Protestant:

The three largest Protestant denominations in Georgia are: Baptist (51% of total state population), Methodist (12%), Presbyterian & Pentecostal & Episcopalian (tied 2%)

Important cities and towns

Education

Colleges and universities

Radio and television

Georgia Public Broadcasting (GPB) operates nine major educational television stations across the state as Georgia Public Broadcasting Television. It also operates, in whole or in part, several radio stations as Georgia Public Radio (GPR). See also List of radio stations in Georgia (U.S. state).

Georgia is also home to Ted Turner, who founded TBS, TNT, and CNN, among others. The CNN Center headquarters is located in Atlanta, GA.

Professional sports teams


This page about Georgia includes information from a Wikipedia article.
Additional articles about Georgia
News stories about Georgia
External links for Georgia
Videos for Georgia
Wikis about Georgia
Discussion Groups about Georgia
Blogs about Georgia
Images of Georgia

The CNN Center headquarters is located in Atlanta, GA. Thus, everyone has the authority to diverge from the Polyfather, if so desired, or in case the Polyfather is unreacheable. Georgia is also home to Ted Turner, who founded TBS, TNT, and CNN, among others. One of the key tenets of Discordianism is everyone is infallible. state). Episkopos is also used in Discordianism as a title of a person who has started their own cabal or sect of Discordianism. See also List of radio stations in Georgia (U.S. The Roman Catholic Church, the Old Catholic Churches, and the Eastern Orthodox churches are recognized, and also their bishops, by Anglicans.

It also operates, in whole or in part, several radio stations as Georgia Public Radio (GPR). Churches that are members of the Anglican Communion are episcopal churches in polity, and some are named "Episcopal." However, some Anglican churches do not belong to the Anglican Communion, and not all episcopally-governed churches are Anglican. Georgia Public Broadcasting (GPB) operates nine major educational television stations across the state as Georgia Public Broadcasting Television. Wesley held that bishops are merely presbyters (elders) who have been chosen for a supervisory position by the Church, and that there is, therefore, no necessity of them receiving a laying on of hands of prior bishops whose "orders" are allegedly traceable in unbroken succession to the Apostles. The three largest Protestant denominations in Georgia are: Baptist (51% of total state population), Methodist (12%), Presbyterian & Pentecostal & Episcopalian (tied 2%). Further, Methodist bishops are not in Apostolic Succession. Religiously, Georgia is overwhelmingly Protestant:. All Methodist churches have their roots in Anglicanism because their founder, John Wesley, was an Anglican priest in England in the 1700s. Methodists, however, do not look to the Archbishop of Canterbury for leadership as Anglicans do, nor to the Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church (ECUSA) in America.

Females made up approximately 50.8% of the population. The United Methodist Church is one example. 7.3% of its population were reported as under 5 years of age, 26.5% under 18, and 9.6% were 65 or older. However, other churches overseen by bishops and with a connection to the Church of England are NOT members of the Anglican Communion. Racially, Georgia is:. Examples of specific episcopal churches include:. More than half of the state's population lives in the Atlanta metro area. Others are neither, being congregational and local in structure.

Its population has grown 34% (2.2 million) from its 1990 levels, making it one of the fastest-growing states in the country. The word "episcopal" is commonly used to distinguish between the various organizational structures of Protestant churches, thus the word presbyterian is used to describe churches ruled by elected Elders (Greek πρεσβύτης presbútēs) while "episcopal" is used to describe churches ruled by bishops. As of 2003, the population of Georgia was 8,684,715, making it the 10th most populous state. In the more specific sense the term is applied to those particular churches associated with Henry VIII and with the Church of England. Its industrial outputs are textiles and apparel, transportation equipment, food processing, paper products, chemical products, electric equipment, and tourism. Episcopal churches are the churches with bishops, those with episcopalian church governance, but generally those whose bishops are in Apostolic Succession. Georgia's agricultural outputs are poultry and eggs, peanuts, cattle, hogs, dairy products, and vegetables. The word episcopal is derived from the Greek επισκοπος epískopos, which literally means "overseer"; the word, however, is used in religious contexts to refer to a bishop.

Its per capita personal income for 2003 put it 31st in the nation at $29,000. Any of several churches listed in the article titled Episcopal Church. Georgia's 2003 total gross state product was $320 billion. The Scottish Episcopal Church. Several highways and short line railroads also traverse the state. The Episcopal Church in the United States of America (ECUSA). Atlanta is still a major railroad hub for CSX and Norfolk Southern, in addition to being a major airport hub now as well.

Georgia is also the largest state east of the Mississippi River, since West Virginia seceded from Virginia during the Civil War. The state is an important producer of cotton, tobacco, and forest products, notably the so-called "naval stores" such as turpentine and rosin from the pine forests. The capital is Atlanta, in the central part of northern Georgia, and the peach is a symbol of the state. The highest point in Georgia is Brasstown Bald, 4784 feet (1458 m); the lowest point is sea level.

The central piedmont extends from the foothills to the fall line, where the rivers cascade down in elevation to the continental coastal plain of the southern part of the state. The northern part of the state is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, a mountain range in the mountain system of the Appalachians. Georgia is bordered on the south by Florida, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and South Carolina, on the west by Alabama, and on the north by Tennessee and North Carolina. (See: list of Georgia counties.).

There is no true metropolitan government in Georgia, though the Atlanta Regional Commission and Georgia Regional Transportation Authority do provide some regional services, and the ARC must approve all major land development projects in metro Atlanta. All taxes are collected by the state and then properly distributed according to any agreements that each county has with its cities. Up to 1% of a SPLOST can go to homestead exemptions. Local taxes are almost always charged on groceries but never prescriptions.

Counties participating in MARTA have another 1%, the city of Atlanta (in two counties) has the only city sales tax (1%, total 8%) for fixing its old sewers. Each county may add up to a 2% SPLOST. Georgia has a modest income tax and a 4% state sales tax, which is not applied to groceries or prescription drugs. So far, only Columbus, Augusta, and Athens have done this.

Georgia does not provide for townships or independent cities, but does allow consolidated city-county governments by local referendum. Conversely, the city of Sandy Springs is one of the largest in the state (over 80,000), but is not legally so since it is not yet incorporated, although a referendum is planned for the summer of 2005. Every incorporated town, no matter how small, is legally a city. Besides the counties, Georgia only defines cities as local units of government.

Georgia's Constitution provides all counties and cities with "home rule" authority, and so the county commissions have considerable power to pass legislation within their county as a municipality would. Counties in Georgia have their own elected legislative branch, usually called the Board of Commissioners, which usually also has executive authority in the county. Declaration of Independence. Gwinnett County was named after Button Gwinnett, one of the delegates from Georgia who signed the U.S.

Before 1932, there were 161, with Milton and Campbell being merged into Fulton at the end of 1931, during the Great Depression. Georgia also has 159 counties, the most of any state except Texas (254). House of Representatives. As of the 2001 reapportionment, the state has 13 congressmen and women in the U.S.

senators are Saxby Chambliss (Republican) and Johnny Isakson (Republican). At the federal level, Georgia's two U.S. Judges for the smaller courts are elected by the state's citizens who live within that court's jurisdiction to four-year terms. Justices of the Supreme Court and Judges of the Court of Appeals are elected statewide by the citizens in non-partisan elections to six-year terms.

In addition, there are smaller courts which have more limited geographical jurisdiction, including State Courts, Superior Courts, Magistrate Courts and Probate Courts. State Judicial authority rests with the state Supreme Court and Court of Appeals, which have statewide authority. The state Constitution mandates a maximum of 56 Senators, elected from single-member districts, and a minimum of 180 Representatives, apportioned among representative districts (which sometimes results in more than one Representative per district); there are currently 56 Senators and 180 Representatives. The term of office for Senators and Representatives is two years. The Lieutenant Governor presides over the Senate, while the House of Representatives selects their own Speaker.

Legislative authority resides in the General Assembly, composed of the Senate and House of Representatives. (See: list of Georgia governors.). States, most of the executive officials who comprise the governor's cabinet are elected by the citizens of Georgia, rather than appointed by the governor. Unlike the federal government, but like many other U.S.

Both the governor and lieutenant governor are elected to four-year terms of office. The Lieutenant Governor, currently Mark Taylor (Democrat), is elected on a separate ballot. Executive authority in the state rests with the governor, currently Sonny Perdue (Republican). States and the federal government, Georgia's government is based on the separation of legislative, executive and judicial power.

As with all other U.S. The state capital is Atlanta. For over 130 years, from 1872 to 2003, Georgians only elected Democratic governors, and Democrats held the majority of seats in the General Assembly. Until recently, Georgia's state government had the longest unbroken record of single-party dominance of any state in the Union.

The state's legislature also met at other temporary sites, including Macon, especially during the Civil War. Georgia has had five "permanent" state capitals: colonial Savannah, which later alternated with Augusta; then for a decade at Louisville (pron. Lewis-ville), and from 1806 through the American Civil War at Milledgeville. state to approve a literature censorship board in the United States. On February 19, 1953 Georgia became the first U.S.

On July 15, 1870, following Reconstruction, Georgia became the last former Confederate state to be readmitted to the Union. This event served as the historical background for the book and movie Gone With the Wind. In December 1864, a large swath of the state was destroyed during General William Tecumseh Sherman's March to the Sea. On January 18, 1861 Georgia joined the Confederacy and became a major theater of the American Civil War.

This day is now known as Georgia Day, which is not a public holiday, but is mainly observed in schools and by some local civic groups. Massive British settlement began in the early 1730s with James Oglethorpe, an Englishman in the British parliament, who promoted the idea that the area be used to settle people in a debtors' prison. On February 12, 1733, the first settlers landed in the HMS Anne at what was to become the city of Savannah. In 1724, it was first suggested that what was by then a British colony be called Province of Georgia in honor of King George II. The conflict between Spain and Britain over control of Georgia began in earnest in about 1670, when the British, moving south from their Carolina colony in present-day South Carolina met the Spanish moving north from their base in Florida.

The local moundbuilder culture, described by Hernando de Soto in 1540, had completely disappeared by 1560. Early on, a number of Spanish explorers visited the inland region of Georgia, leaving a trail of destruction behind them. Main article: History of Georgia. Navy ships have been named USS Georgia in honor of this state.

Several U.S. The state tree is the Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana), the state bird is the brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum), and the state flower is the cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata). Ray Charles sang it on the legislative floor when the bill passed. The state song, Georgia on My Mind by Hoagy Carmichael was originally written about a woman of that name, but after Georgia native Ray Charles sang it, the state legislature voted it the state song.

Georgia is also known as the Peach State or Empire State of the South . Georgia is one of the fastest growing states in the nation, with an estimated 8,829,383 people in 2004. Georgia's population in 2000 was 8,186,453 (U.S. Census). It was the thirteenth colony and became the fourth state, ratifying the United States Constitution on January 2, 1788.

Georgia was one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. postal abbreviation is GA. Georgia is a southern state of the United States and its U.S. Non-Religious 5%.

Other Religions 1%. Other Christian 1%. Roman Catholic 6%. Protestant 84%.

1.4% Mixed race. 0.3% American Indian. 2.1% Asian. 5.3% Hispanic.

28.7% Black. 62.6% White non-Hispanic. Interstate 285 (the Perimeter around Atlanta). Interstate 95.

Interstate 85, Interstate 185, Interstate 985. Interstate 75, Interstate 475, Interstate 575. Interstate 59, Interstate 24. Interstate 20, Interstate 520.

Interstate 16, Interstate 516.