General Motors

General Motors Corporation NYSE: GM, also known as GM, is a United States-based automobile maker with worldwide operations and brands including Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, Daewoo, GMC, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saturn, Saab, and Vauxhall.

Chevrolet and GMC divisions produce trucks, as well as passenger vehicles. Other brands include ACDelco, Allison Transmission, and General Motors Electro-Motive Division that produces diesel-electric locomotives. GM also has stakes in Isuzu, Subaru, and Suzuki in Japan and a joint venture with AutoVAZ (Lada) in Russia. In December 2003, it acquired Delta in South Africa, in which it had taken a 45 percent stake in 1997, and which is now a fully-owned subsidiary, General Motors South Africa.

GM's headquarters are in the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan.

General Motors is the world's largest vehicle manufacturer and employs over 340,000 people. In 2001, GM sold 8.5 million vehicles through all its branches. In 2002, GM sold 15 percent of all cars and trucks in the world. They also owned Electronic Data Systems from 1984 to 1996 and, prior to selling it to News Corporation, DirecTV. GM owned Frigidaire from 1918 to 1979.

The current chairman (since May 1, 2003) and chief executive officer (since June 1, 2000) is Rick Wagoner, succeeding John F. Smith, Jr.

History

Albert Kahn's General Motors Building, 3044 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI

General Motors was founded in 1908 as a holding company for Buick, then controlled by William C. Durant, and acquired Oldsmobile later that year. The next year, Durant brought in Cadillac, Elmore, and Oakland.

During the 1920s and 1930s General Motors bought out the bus company Yellow Coach, helped create Greyhound bus lines, replaced intercity train transport with buses, and established subsidiary companies to buy out streetcar companies and replace the rail-based services with buses. GM formed United Cities Motor Transit, in 1932. See General Motors streetcar conspiracy for additional details.

General Motors bought the internal combustion engined railcar builder Electro-Motive Corporation and its engine supplier Winton Engine in 1930, renaming both as the General Motors Electro-Motive Division. Over the next twenty years diesel-powered locomotives and trains, the majority built by GM, largely replaced other forms of traction on American railroads.

On December 31, 1955, General Motors became the first American corporation to make over one billion dollars in a year.

After GM's massive layoffs hit Flint, Michigan, in the 1980s, budding documentary filmmaker and Flint native Michael Moore focused on the company and its chairman and CEO at the time, Roger B. Smith, in his first big hit, Roger & Me.

A strike began at the General Motors parts factory in Flint, Michigan on June 5, 1998, that quickly spread to five other assembly plants and lasted seven weeks.

At one point it was the largest corporation in the United States ever, in terms of its revenues as a percent of GDP. In 1953 Charles Erwin Wilson, then GM president, was named by Eisenhower as Secretary of Defense. When he was asked, during the hearings before the Senate Armed Services Committee if as secretary of defense he could make a decision adverse to the interests of General Motors, Wilson answered affirmatively but added that he could not conceive of such a situation "because for years I thought what was good for the country was good for General Motors and vice versa." Later this statement was often garbled when quoted, suggesting that Wilson had said simply, "What's good for General Motors is good for the country." At the time, GM was the one of the largest employers in the world – only Soviet state industries employed more people.

In May 2005, Standard & Poor's downgraded GM's credit rating to junk bond status. See below under financial woes.

On April 4, 2005 General Motors Corp. sold is Electro-Motive Division to Greenbriar Equity Group LLC and Berkshire Partners.


General Motors Hughes Electronics

Hughes Electronics was formed in 1985 when Hughes Aircraft was sold by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute to General Motors for US$5 billion. General Motors merged Hughes Aircraft with its Delco Electronics unit to form GM Hughes Electronics (GMHE). The group then consisted of:

  • Hughes Aircraft
  • Delco Electronics
  • Hughes Space and Communications
  • Hughes Network Systems

In August 1992 GM Hughes Electronics purchased General Dynamics' Missile Systems business. In 1994 Hughes Electronics introduced DirecTV, the world's first high-powered direct broadcast satellite service. In 1995 Hughes Electronic's Hughes Space and Communications division became the largest supplier of commercial satellites. Also in 1995 the group purchased Magnavox Electronic Systems from the Carlyle Group. In 1996 Hughes Electronics and PanAmSat agree to merge their fixed satellite services into a new publicly held company, also called PanAmSat with GM Hughes Electronics as majority shareholder.

In 1997 GM transferred Delco Electronics to its Delphi Automotive Systems business. Late in the year the defense operations of Hughes Electronics (Hughes Aircraft and missile business) were merged with Raytheon.

Hughes Space and Communications remained independent until 2000, when it was purchased by Boeing and became Boeing Satellite Systems.

In 2000 the remaining parts of Hughes Electronics: DirecTV, DirecTV Latin America, PanAmSat and Hughes Network Systems were purchased by NewsCorp and renamed The DirecTV Group. Newscorp sold PanAmSat to Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) in August 2004.

Social policies

General Motors was named one of the 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers in 2004 by Working Mothers magazine.

It has the highest health care and labour costs in the industry, and some analysts have criticized the company for this.

Subsidies

In March 2005, the Government of Canada "gave C$200 million to General Motors for its Ontario plants, and last fall it awarded C$100 million to Ford Motor Co. to expand their Canadian auto production, provide jobs and contribute to the economy", according to Jim Harris (politician).

Financial woes

In April 2005, General Motors posted a US$1.1-billion loss, for the first quarter of that year. Its debt was downgraded to junk bond status. It announced plans to cut 25,000 jobs in the United States. It did not announce any job cuts in Canada:

For the first time ever in 2004, the total number of cars produced by all makers in Ontario exceeded those produced in Michigan. GM officials cited profitability of their Oshawa, Ontario plant in refusing to distribute the job losses.

The anger was obvious at the shareholder meeting. Explanations were not long in coming. While the company pleaded its high health care costs, amounting to US$1500 per vehicle on average (a veiled excuse to move jobs to Canada where health insurance is public), others blamed the product line.

Green Party of Canada leader Jim Harris (politician) was quoted in an article in the Montreal Gazette in claimed that "high oil prices have led consumers to demand more fuel-efficient cars, which also claimed that "Ford and General Motors's core profitability comes from gas-guzzling SUVs and trucks," and that accordingly their problems could be blamed on a failure to build hybrid vehicles.

General Motors competes with foreign automobile companies such as Toyota, Honda and Nissan, all of which have non-union automobile production plants in the United States. These companies have a significantly lower compensation cost per employee at their U.S. plants than General Motors does at its U.S. plants. Toyota and Honda have also introduced gasoline/electric or diesel/electric hybrid vehicles into their product mix whereas, as of July of 2005, General Motors has not. Starting with the 2007 model year Chevrolet Tahoe GM will introduce a two-mode Hybrid system. The two-mode system offers better fuel economy and towing ability than the one-mode system found in Toyota, Ford and Honda vehicles. GM and DaimlerChrysler Joined Forces to Develop the two mode Full Hybrid Propulsion System.

The Hydrogen Solution

General Motors has recently recovered from their losses suffered from their proposed battery technology and has invested over US$1.1 billion dollars into developing and researching hydrogen fuel cells. They plan to slowly convert the infrastructure from an oil based one to a oil-hydrogen based to a purely hydrogen based. Their first hydrogen vehicles are slated to be released by 2010. Hydrogen can be obtained by splitting water molecules and it produces no harmfull emissions, merely water vapour. However hydrogen is not a source of energy, but a storage and transmission medium. The energy to split hydrogen from water must come from some other source: oil, coal, nuclear, wind, solar, etc. See hydrogen economy. The first hydrogen pumps are being tested out at various Royal Dutch/Shell stations across Northern California

Related topics

  • General Motors streetcar conspiracy
  • List of GM platforms
  • List of GM engines
  • List of GM VIN codes
  • GM vehicles by brand
  • EPA 2004 fuel economy report (General Motors)
  • GM Acceptance Corp

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The first hydrogen pumps are being tested out at various Royal Dutch/Shell stations across Northern California. Following the reunification of Germany, BASF acquired a site in Schwarzheide, eastern Germany, on October 25, 1990. See hydrogen economy. Following a change in corporate strategy in 1965, greater emphasis was placed on higher-value products such as coatings, pharmaceuticals, crop protection agents and fertilizers. The energy to split hydrogen from water must come from some other source: oil, coal, nuclear, wind, solar, etc. In the 1960s, the production abroad was expanded and plants were built in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, France, United Kingdom, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Spain and the United States. However hydrogen is not a source of energy, but a storage and transmission medium. BASF developed polystyrene (Styropor®) in 1951.

Hydrogen can be obtained by splitting water molecules and it produces no harmfull emissions, merely water vapour. With the German economic miracle in the 1950s, BASF added synthetics such as nylon to its product range. Their first hydrogen vehicles are slated to be released by 2010. In 1952, BASF was refounded under its own name. They plan to slowly convert the infrastructure from an oil based one to a oil-hydrogen based to a purely hydrogen based. On July 28, 1948 an explosion in which 207 people died occurred in Ludwigshafen. General Motors has recently recovered from their losses suffered from their proposed battery technology and has invested over US$1.1 billion dollars into developing and researching hydrogen fuel cells. The allies dissolved IG Farben in November 1945.

GM and DaimlerChrysler Joined Forces to Develop the two mode Full Hybrid Propulsion System. The Ludwigshafen site was almost completely destroyed during the Second World War and was subsequently rebuilt. The two-mode system offers better fuel economy and towing ability than the one-mode system found in Toyota, Ford and Honda vehicles. Following the appointment of Adolf Hitler as Chancellor in 1933, IG Farben cooperated with the Nazi regime, profiting from guaranteed volumes and prices and from the forced laborers provided by the government. Starting with the 2007 model year Chevrolet Tahoe GM will introduce a two-mode Hybrid system. In 1935, the BASF and AEG presented the magnetophone – the first tape recorder – at the Radio Exhibition in Berlin. Toyota and Honda have also introduced gasoline/electric or diesel/electric hybrid vehicles into their product mix whereas, as of July of 2005, General Motors has not. Rubber, fuels and coatings were added to the product range.

plants. Under the leadership of Carl Bosch, BASF founded IG Farben together with Hoechst, Bayer and three other companies, thus losing its independence. plants than General Motors does at its U.S. This was the biggest catastrophe in German industry. These companies have a significantly lower compensation cost per employee at their U.S. On September 21, 1921, an explosion occurred in Oppau, killing 565 people. General Motors competes with foreign automobile companies such as Toyota, Honda and Nissan, all of which have non-union automobile production plants in the United States. As a result of this monopoly, BASF was able to start operations at a new site in Leuna in 1916, where explosives were produced during the First World War.

Green Party of Canada leader Jim Harris (politician) was quoted in an article in the Montreal Gazette in claimed that "high oil prices have led consumers to demand more fuel-efficient cars, which also claimed that "Ford and General Motors's core profitability comes from gas-guzzling SUVs and trucks," and that accordingly their problems could be blamed on a failure to build hybrid vehicles. The development of the Haber-Bosch process from 1908 to 1912 made it possible to synthesize ammonia, and in 1913 BASF started a new production plant in Oppau, adding fertilizers to its product range. While the company pleaded its high health care costs, amounting to US$1500 per vehicle on average (a veiled excuse to move jobs to Canada where health insurance is public), others blamed the product line. Industrial production meant that the price could be cut drastically, and one effect was to make jeans affordable work clothes. Explanations were not long in coming. Until this time, indigo was extracted from plants and was expensive. The anger was obvious at the shareholder meeting. In 1867, research into synthesis of the dye indigo was successfully concluded.

GM officials cited profitability of their Oshawa, Ontario plant in refusing to distribute the job losses. BASF was founded in Mannheim, Germany, by Friedrich Engelhorn in 1865 for the production of dyes. For the first time ever in 2004, the total number of cars produced by all makers in Ontario exceeded those produced in Michigan. In Central and Eastern Europe, Wintershall works with its Russian partner Gazprom. It did not announce any job cuts in Canada:. BASF explores for and produces oil and gas through its subsidiary Wintershall AG. It announced plans to cut 25,000 jobs in the United States. Products from this segment include fungicides, pesticides, herbicides, vitamins, pharmaceutical active ingredients and UV absorbers for sun creams.

Its debt was downgraded to junk bond status. In the field of plant biotechnology, BASF is concentrating on solutions for effective agriculture, healthier nutrition and plants to make products more efficiently. In April 2005, General Motors posted a US$1.1-billion loss, for the first quarter of that year. BASF is a supplier of agricultural products and fine chemicals for agriculture and animal nutrition, and for the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. to expand their Canadian auto production, provide jobs and contribute to the economy", according to Jim Harris (politician). Customers are the automotive, oil, paper, packaging, textile, sanitary products, detergents, construction materials, coatings, printing and leather industries. In March 2005, the Government of Canada "gave C$200 million to General Motors for its Ontario plants, and last fall it awarded C$100 million to Ford Motor Co. These include raw materials for detergents, textile and leather chemicals, pigments and raw materials for adhesives.

It has the highest health care and labour costs in the industry, and some analysts have criticized the company for this. BASF produces a range of performance chemicals, coatings und functional polymers. General Motors was named one of the 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers in 2004 by Working Mothers magazine. BASF’s polyurethanes have very diverse uses worldwide. (KKR) in August 2004. Engineering plastics are sold to injection molders in a variety of industries. Newscorp sold PanAmSat to Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. BASF is the international leading producer of styrenics.

In 2000 the remaining parts of Hughes Electronics: DirecTV, DirecTV Latin America, PanAmSat and Hughes Network Systems were purchased by NewsCorp and renamed The DirecTV Group. The most important customers for this segment are the pharmaceutical, construction, textile and automotive industries. Hughes Space and Communications remained independent until 2000, when it was purchased by Boeing and became Boeing Satellite Systems. BASF produces a wide range of chemicals, for example solvents, amines, resins, glues, electronic-grade chemicals, basic petrochemicals and inorganic chemicals. Late in the year the defense operations of Hughes Electronics (Hughes Aircraft and missile business) were merged with Raytheon. Its business is organized in the segments Chemicals, Plastics, Performance Products, Agricultural Products & Nutrition and Oil & Gas. In 1997 GM transferred Delco Electronics to its Delphi Automotive Systems business. BASF operates in a variety of markets.

In 1996 Hughes Electronics and PanAmSat agree to merge their fixed satellite services into a new publicly held company, also called PanAmSat with GM Hughes Electronics as majority shareholder. . Also in 1995 the group purchased Magnavox Electronic Systems from the Carlyle Group.
. In 1995 Hughes Electronic's Hughes Space and Communications division became the largest supplier of commercial satellites. Between 1990 and 2005, the company will invest €5.6 billion in Asia, for example in sites near Nanjing and Shanghai, China. In 1994 Hughes Electronics introduced DirecTV, the world's first high-powered direct broadcast satellite service. The company is currently expanding its international activities with a particular focus on Asia.

In August 1992 GM Hughes Electronics purchased General Dynamics' Missile Systems business. In 2003, BASF posted sales of €33.4 billion and income from operations before special items of almost €3 billion. The group then consisted of:. BASF has customers in over 170 countries and supplies about 8,000 products to a wide variety of industries. General Motors merged Hughes Aircraft with its Delco Electronics unit to form GM Hughes Electronics (GMHE). At the end of 2003, the company employed more than 87,000 people, with over 48,000 in Germany alone. Hughes Electronics was formed in 1985 when Hughes Aircraft was sold by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute to General Motors for US$5 billion. Its headquarters are located in Ludwigshafen am Rhein (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany).


. The BASF Group comprises more than 160 subsidiaries and joint ventures and operates production sites in 41 countries in Europe, Asia, North America and South America. sold is Electro-Motive Division to Greenbriar Equity Group LLC and Berkshire Partners. It is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. On April 4, 2005 General Motors Corp. Today, the four letters are a registered trademark. See below under financial woes.. BASF originally stood for Badische Anilin- & Soda–Fabrik (Baden Aniline and Soda Factory).

In May 2005, Standard & Poor's downgraded GM's credit rating to junk bond status. BASF AG is a German chemical company. When he was asked, during the hearings before the Senate Armed Services Committee if as secretary of defense he could make a decision adverse to the interests of General Motors, Wilson answered affirmatively but added that he could not conceive of such a situation "because for years I thought what was good for the country was good for General Motors and vice versa." Later this statement was often garbled when quoted, suggesting that Wilson had said simply, "What's good for General Motors is good for the country." At the time, GM was the one of the largest employers in the world – only Soviet state industries employed more people. In 1953 Charles Erwin Wilson, then GM president, was named by Eisenhower as Secretary of Defense. At one point it was the largest corporation in the United States ever, in terms of its revenues as a percent of GDP.

A strike began at the General Motors parts factory in Flint, Michigan on June 5, 1998, that quickly spread to five other assembly plants and lasted seven weeks. Smith, in his first big hit, Roger & Me. After GM's massive layoffs hit Flint, Michigan, in the 1980s, budding documentary filmmaker and Flint native Michael Moore focused on the company and its chairman and CEO at the time, Roger B. On December 31, 1955, General Motors became the first American corporation to make over one billion dollars in a year.

Over the next twenty years diesel-powered locomotives and trains, the majority built by GM, largely replaced other forms of traction on American railroads. General Motors bought the internal combustion engined railcar builder Electro-Motive Corporation and its engine supplier Winton Engine in 1930, renaming both as the General Motors Electro-Motive Division. See General Motors streetcar conspiracy for additional details.. GM formed United Cities Motor Transit, in 1932.

During the 1920s and 1930s General Motors bought out the bus company Yellow Coach, helped create Greyhound bus lines, replaced intercity train transport with buses, and established subsidiary companies to buy out streetcar companies and replace the rail-based services with buses. The next year, Durant brought in Cadillac, Elmore, and Oakland. Durant, and acquired Oldsmobile later that year. General Motors was founded in 1908 as a holding company for Buick, then controlled by William C.

. Smith, Jr. The current chairman (since May 1, 2003) and chief executive officer (since June 1, 2000) is Rick Wagoner, succeeding John F. GM owned Frigidaire from 1918 to 1979.

They also owned Electronic Data Systems from 1984 to 1996 and, prior to selling it to News Corporation, DirecTV. In 2002, GM sold 15 percent of all cars and trucks in the world. In 2001, GM sold 8.5 million vehicles through all its branches. General Motors is the world's largest vehicle manufacturer and employs over 340,000 people.

GM's headquarters are in the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan. In December 2003, it acquired Delta in South Africa, in which it had taken a 45 percent stake in 1997, and which is now a fully-owned subsidiary, General Motors South Africa. GM also has stakes in Isuzu, Subaru, and Suzuki in Japan and a joint venture with AutoVAZ (Lada) in Russia. Other brands include ACDelco, Allison Transmission, and General Motors Electro-Motive Division that produces diesel-electric locomotives.

Chevrolet and GMC divisions produce trucks, as well as passenger vehicles. General Motors Corporation NYSE: GM, also known as GM, is a United States-based automobile maker with worldwide operations and brands including Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, Daewoo, GMC, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saturn, Saab, and Vauxhall. GM Acceptance Corp. EPA 2004 fuel economy report (General Motors).

GM vehicles by brand. List of GM VIN codes. List of GM engines. List of GM platforms.

General Motors streetcar conspiracy. Hughes Network Systems. Hughes Space and Communications. Delco Electronics.

Hughes Aircraft.