Ford Focus

The Focus also won the subcategory of Best Compact Family Car in the same awards. For example, gold is quite common in Turkey but considered a most valuable gift in Sicily. Auto Express in 2005 hailed the European Focus Mk II "Supreme Champion" in its New Car of the Year awards. The symbolic value of gold varies wildly around the world, even within geographic regions. In 2001 and 2002, Focus was the world’s best selling car. In Orthodox Christianity, the wedded couple is adorned with a golden crown during the ceremony, an amalgamation of symbolic rites. Motor Trend magazine has also given the Focus favorable reviews, writing comments like "As entry-level sedans go, few can touch Ford's Focus on the fun-to-drive front" [7]. Wedding rings are traditionally made of gold; since it is long-lasting and unaffected by the passage of time, it is considered a suitable material for everyday wear as well as a metaphor for the relationship.

The North American version has been a favorite of Car and Driver magazine, which has elected it to its Ten Best list every year since its introduction in 2000 [6]. Medieval kings were inaugurated under the signs of sacred oil and a golden crown, the latter symbolizing the eternal shining light of heaven and thus a Christian king's divinely inspired authority. In 2005, in a poll by the Men & Motors TV channel in the UK, it was placed 19th in the nation's favourite 100 cars of all time. Winners of races and prizes are usually awarded the gold medal (such as the Olympic Games and the Nobel Prize), while many award statues are depicted in gold (such as the Academy Awards, the Emmy Awards and the British Academy Film Awards). The Focus was on Car and Driver magazine's Ten Best list for five consecutive years (2000 through 2004). Great human achievements are frequently rewarded with gold, in the form of medals and decorations. Since its launch in 1998 the Focus Mk I has won over 60 awards including 13 Car of the Year awards in both Europe and North America, and more recently, the best family car ever (Autocar UK 2003). Gold is associated with notable anniversaries, particularly in a 50 year cycle, such as a golden wedding anniversary, golden jubilee, etc.

It uses the same powerplant from the Volvo S40 T5, a turbocharged 2.5 L 5-cylinder engine capable of achieving 220 hp DIN (166 kW). On the other hand, eminent orators such as John Chrysostom were said to have a mouth of gold with a silver tongue. Another new model is the Focus ST. American Indians of the Sioux tribe called it "The yellow metal that makes the white man crazy". The vehicle will have a metal folding roof. In Communist propaganda, the golden pocket watch and its fastening golden chain were the characteristic accessories of the class enemy, the bourgeois and the industrial tycoons. There is much talk about a cabriolet (convertible) version, named the Vignale, designed with Pininfarina and due to be lauched in 2006. The Golden Calf is a widely-recognised symbol of idolatry and revolt against God.

Although the latest generation Opel/Vauxhall Astra and Volkswagen Golf have much improved handling (over their respective predecessors), the Focus is still regarded as the class-leader in ride and handling, even over its mechanically similar Mazda3 cousin. Gold has been associated with the extremities of utmost evil and great sanctity throughout history. Dynamically, the Focus is still held in high regard by the motoring press. Gold used in dentistry is widely regarded as the safest form of restorative material, as well as the most successful. The new car has gained the best ever Euro NCAP ratings for its class, beating such contenders as the Renault Mégane and Volkswagen Golf. Liver and kidney damage has, however, been reported for up to 50% of arthritis patients treated with gold-containing drugs. The interior design has not faced such harsh criticism with many journalists believing it represents a significant improvement through more sober styling and better quality plastics than the ageing first generation design. The human body does not absorb gold very well, thus compounds of gold are not normally very toxic.

The new car uses styling features from the abandoned B-Proposal for the original Focus which were never signed off for production. There is only one stable isotope of gold, and 18 radioisotopes with Au-195 being the most stable with a half-life of 186 days. Stylistically, the Mk II's styling has been criticised by the motoring press for what some perceive as a lack of flair, originality and boldness of its predecessor. Gold also forms:. It also features either a Durashift 6-speed manual, Durashift 4-speed automatic transmission or the all-new Durashift advanced manual transmission or just the standard manual. Such compounds containing the Au^- anion are called aurides and include caesium auride, CsAu, rubidium auride, RbAu, and tetramethylammonium auride, (CH₃)₄N⁺ Au^-. The interior and dashboard are made from far higher quality plastics than before, and the overall feeling of solidity of the car has been increased markedly in a deliberate attempt to emulate the standards set by the Volkswagen Golf. Gold also can under extreme conditions form a +5 state with fluorine (gold pentafluoride, AuF₅), as well as (unusually for a metal), a -1 state.

New technologies include a KeyFree system, a solar-reflect windshield, adaptive front lighting, Bluetooth hands-free phones and voice control for audio, telephone and climate control systems. Gold compounds can be aurous (univalent, +1) or auric (trivalent, +3). The car has a more Italianate feel in its exterior styling. Although gold is a noble metal, it can form many compounds, auric chloride (AuCl₃) and chlorauric acid (HAuCl₄) being the most common. As a result the interior and boot space has increased. Roosevelt expropriated gold by Executive Order 6102, and President Richard Nixon closed the gold window by which foreign countries could exchange American dollars for gold at a fixed rate. The Focus Mk II is larger than its Mk I predecessor with a 25 mm (1 in) increase in wheelbase, 168 mm (6.6 in) longer, 8 mm (0.3 in) taller and 138 mm (5.4 in) wider. President Franklin D.

The basic suspension design has been carried over largely unchanged from the Mk I, although Ford claims that the stiffer bodyshell further improves the Focus' handling. Within the United States, the private possession of gold except as jewelry and coin collecting was banned between 1933 and 1975. Diesel. Because of its use as a reserve store of value, the possession of gold is sometimes restricted or banned. Petrol. Prices have risen to the $570/oz ($18,300/kg) mark in early 2006 [3]. The Focus ST's engine uses a turbo and offers a healthy 236 lb ft torque peaking as low as 1,600rpm. Since 1968 the price of gold on the open market has ranged widely, with a record high of $850/oz ($27,300/kg) on 21 January 1980, to a low of $252.90/oz ($8,131/kg) on 21 June 1999 (London Fixing).

The new Focus ST, however, has a 2.5L 220bhp 5 cylinder straight engine, derived from Volvo as used in the S40 T5. Federal Reserve Bank, in New York. The PSA-developed Duratorq diesel engine in 1.6 L 100 bhp and 110 bhp editions, Ford's own 'Lynx' Duratorq 1.8L 115 hp diesel carried over from the previous model and the PSA DW10 diesel in 2.0 L form rounds off the range in standard Focus guise (this is a different unit to the 'Puma' diesel in the Mondeo). The largest gold depository in the world is that of the U.S. The 1.4 L and 1.6 L (100 bhp and Ti-VCT 115 bhp) units, although named "Duratec", are in fact revised versions of the old Zetec-SE units, while the 2.0 L versions are the Mazda-derived Duratec-HE units. Central banks still hold historical gold reserves as a store of value although the level has generally been declining. The engine lineup for the Mk II is a mixture of old and new, with the Zetec petrol (gasoline) engines of the original having been superseded by the newer Duratec range. On March 17, 1968, economic circumstances caused the collapse of the gold pool, and a two-tiered pricing scheme was established whereby gold was still used to settle international accounts at the old $35.00 per troy ounce ($1.13/g) but the price of gold on the private market was allowed to fluctuate; this two-tiered pricing system was abandoned in 1975 when the price of gold was left to find its free-market level.

This new Focus is also built in South Africa for export to Australia and New Zealand. By 1961 it was becoming hard to maintain this price, and a pool of US and European banks began to act together to defend the price against market forces. The European Ford Focus is in the middle of a line of saloon/hatchback cars (smallest to largest) by Ford:. For a long period the United States government set the price of gold at $20.67 per troy ounce ($664.56/kg) but in 1934 the price of gold was set at $35.00 per troy ounce ($1125.27/kg). The four-door sedan version was previewed as a concept developed by Ford Australia at the Beijing Motor Show in mid-2004 and joined the range after the hatchbacks. As part of this system, governments and central banks attempted to control the price of gold by setting values at which they would exchange it for currency. It was launched at the Paris Motor Show on September 23, 2004 as a three and five-door hatchback and a station wagon. Historically gold was used to back currency in an economic system known as the gold standard in which one unit of currency was equivalent to a certain weight of gold.

The Focus Mk II, codenamed C307, uses a new platform called C1 shared with the Volvo S40, Mazda3 and Focus C-Max. The price of gold is determined on the open market, but a procedure known as the Gold Fixing in London, originating in 1919, provides a twice-daily benchmark figure to the industry. The S121 is sold as new at many Ford dealers. The purity of a gold bar can also be expressed as a decimal figure ranging from 0 to 1, known as the millesimal fineness, such as 0.995. It includes a 150 hp (112 kW) engine and updated brakes, suspension, and body kit. When it is alloyed with other metals the term carat or karat is used to indicate the amount of gold present, with 24 carats being pure gold and lower ratings proportionally less. Tuner Saleen modified the Mark II USA Focus into the S121 performance car. Like other precious metals, gold is measured by troy weight and by grams.

The American Ford Focus fits smallest into a line of sedans (smallest to largest) by Ford:. No commercially viable mechanism for performing gold extraction from sea water has yet been identified. Ford apparently decided that a completely new car would not be profitable in this heavily price and incentive-driven market. The effort produced little gold and cost the German government far more than the commercial value of the gold recovered. In North America, a major facelift occurred for the 2005 model year, but on the old CW170 platform. Unfortunately, his assessment of the concentration of gold in sea water was unduly high, probably due to sample contamination. This was a remarkable feat as the Focus was competing against German prestige manufacturers as well as Japanese manufacturers, all of which have strong reputations for quality and reliability. Fritz Haber (the German inventor of the Haber process) attempted commercial extraction of gold from sea water in an effort to help pay Germany's reparations following the First World War.

The European Focus would also suffer from some recall issues, but in 2002, according to German reports and surveys, the Focus was claimed to be the most reliable car between 1 to 3 years old on the German car market [5]. The world's oceans hold a vast amount of gold, but in very low concentrations (perhaps 1-2 parts per billion). The car has also received a Consumers Digest Best Buy Rating, [4] an award that takes numerous factors into consideration, including reliability and recall history. The possibility of cheap man-made gold would have unforeseen economic and political consequences. The Focus now at Ford dealerships has Consumer Reports Best in Class rating for small cars [3]. No economically feasible method to manufacture gold artificially has been found and published yet. In fact, there have been no Focus recalls in the United States since 2002 [2]. However, it is possible to obtain infinitesimally small amounts of gold by artificial nuclear transformations in particle accelerators The gold isotopes produced would likely be radioactive.

In the US spec models, despite a series of major recalls early in the car's life [1], reliability has steadily been improving. Modern science has since proven the impossibility of making gold from other elements via chemical reactions. A convertible version was another notable omission, although there is talk of producing a drop-top version of the Mk II for Europe. porcelain), while searching in vain for the philosopher's stone, which was supposed to turn mercury into gold. The purpose-designed Transit Connect, introduced in 2002, largely served as its replacement. Scientists, kings and charlatans obsessed with the secret art of alchemy accidentally invented practically useful materials (e.g. Ford was therefore left without a light-duty commercial vehicle when the Escort finally went out of production in 2000. The idea of producing gold out of lesser metals or other cheap substances has fascinated people throughout the centuries.

The Focus, unlike the Escort, was never offered in a panel van body style. Other methods of assaying and purifying smaller amounts of gold include parting and inquartation as well as cuppelation, or refining methods based on the dissolution of gold in aqua regia. In Europe, the original had a very subtle facelift in 2001. After initial production, gold is often subsequently refined industrially by the Wohlwill process or the Miller process. The Focus won the North American Car of the Year award for 2000. In South America, the controversial project Pascua Lama aims at exploitation of rich fields in the high mountains of Atacama, at the border between Chile and Argentina. It was elected Car of the Year in 1999. Kolar Gold Fields in India is another example of a city being built on the greatest gold deposits in India.

This was the best-selling car in the world in 2000 and 2001. Siberian regions of the USSR also used to be significant in the global gold mining industry. Despite its radical styling (the hatchback version in particular), and some controversial safety recalls in North America, the car has been a runaway success across the globe, even in the United States, where Ford has traditionally failed to successfully sell its European models. Mines in South Dakota and Nevada supply two-thirds of gold used in the United States. It has since given up on this strategy, and has started selling lower specified versions of the sedan. Other major producers are Canada, United States and Western Australia. Ford attempted to market the sedan in Europe as a mini-executive car by only offering it in the Ghia trim level, something that it had tried before with the Orion of the 1980s. The Second Boer War of 1899–1901 between the British Empire and the white Boers was at least partly over the rights of miners and possession of the gold wealth in South Africa.

In Europe, the hatchback is the biggest selling bodystyle. Gold fields in the Orange Free State and the Transvaal are deep and require the world's deepest mines. North America. The city of Johannesburg was built atop the world's greatest gold finds. Europe. This decline was due to the increasing difficulty of extraction and changing economic factors affecting the industry in South Africa. The next version of the Focus WRC hit the special stages on the 2005 Rally Australia with Toni Gardemeister and Roman Kresta, notching victory on its 'full' championship debut on the 2006 Monte Carlo Rally in the hands of Marcus Gronholm. Production in 1970 accounted for 79% of the world supply, producing about 1,000 tonnes, however production in 2004 was 342 tonnes.

Subsequent variants followed, piloted by such men as Colin McRae, Carlos Sainz, Markko Martin and Francois Duval. Since the 1880s South Africa has been the source for a large proportion of the world's gold supply. In 1999, Ford revealed its first version for the World Rally Championship: the Focus WRC. It is claimed, that all the gold that has been mined throughout the history of mankind could be incorporated in a solid ball with a diameter of 27 metres. Special Editions. Ore grades of 30 g/1000 kg (30 ppm) are usually needed before gold is visible to the naked eye, therefore in most gold mines you will not see any gold. Standard. Economic gold extraction can be achieved from ore grades as little as 0.5 g/1000 kg (0.5 ppm) on average in large easily mined deposits, typical ore grades in open-pit mines are 1–5 g/1000 kg (1-5 ppm), ore grades in underground or hard rock mines are usually at least 3 g/1000 kg (3 ppm) on average.

United Kingdom. Gold occurs in sea water at 0.1 to 2 mg/t (0.1 to 2 ppb by weight) depending on sample location. In the US, the four body styles are coded with a ZXx designation. Another important ore type is in sedimentary black shale and limestone deposits containing finely disseminated gold and other platinum group metals. It is produced by factories in: Saarlouis, Germany; Valencia, Spain; Pacheco, Argentina; and Wayne, Michigan in which the US Knocked down kits are supplied for assembly to Vsevolzhsk near Saint Petersburg, Russia. In all these deposits the gold is in its native form. As a result, the Focus had bold styling, increased quality and critically-acclaimed handling and refinement. Primary deposits can be weathered and eroded, with most of the gold being transported into stream beds where it congregates with other heavy minerals to form placer deposits.

After the Escort Mk IV was criticised by the motoring press as being designed by the "bean counters" and for its mediocre ride, handling and quality, Ford decided to take more risks in its replacement. There are several primary deposit types, common ones are termed reef or vein. The Focus is arguably the biggest indication of the change in Ford's design and engineering philosophy. A deposit usually needs some form of secondary enrichment to form an economically viable ore deposit: either chemical or physical processes like erosion or solution or more generally metamorphism, which concentrates the gold in sulfide minerals or quartz. Like the Mondeo, most of the design and engineering work took place in Europe. The primary source of gold is usually igneous rocks or surface concentrations. The Focus, like the Mondeo Mk I, was a "world car", which saw Ford coordinate and pool its resources from all over the globe. Hydrothermal ore deposits of gold occur in metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks; alluvial deposits and placer deposits originate from these sources.

The engines used are the well-proven Zetec and Zetec-SE units, with the Endura diesel (a development of the old Deutz-designed motor which Ford had been using since the 1980s), although the Duratorq unit replaced this in 2002. Gold is widely distributed in the Earth's crust at a background level of 0.03 g/1000 kg (0.03 ppm by weight). Mechanically, it drew heavily from other European Ford models, using a sophisticated fully independent multi-link rear suspension (dubbed "Control Blade") derived from the Short-Long Arm system used in the Mondeo station wagon (estate), giving the Focus class-leading handling and ride. Rarer mineral associations are petzite, calaverite, sylvanite, muthmannite, nagyagite and krennerite. The daring styling made it largely unchanged when it entered production three years later. The most common sulfide associations are pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, stibnite and pyrrhotite. Initial spy photographs of the car seen in 1995 took the world by storm at the design's apparent boldness - further developing Ford's "New Edge" styling philosophy first seen in the Ka and Cougar. Common gold associations are quartz often as veins and sulfide minerals.

Certain elements of the design had been seen even earlier in prototypes used by Ford to demonstrate forthcoming safety features such as the eye-level rear lighting clusters. These grains occur between mineral grain boundaries or as inclusions within minerals. Codenamed CW170 during its development, and briefly known to some Ford contractors as the Ford Fusion, the original Focus took its eventual name from a Ghia concept car which was shown in 1991. Occasionally large accumulations of native gold (also known as nuggets) occur but usually gold occurs as minute grains. . Due to its relative chemical inertness gold is usually found as the native metal or alloy. In Australia, New Zealand, Japan and other countries in the region, it replaced the Laser, based on the Mazda 323 (called the Mazda Protege in some markets). Because of its historically high value, much of the gold mined throughout history is still in circulation in one form or another.

Unlike previous Fords in the North American market, the Pinto and the Escort, no luxury Mercury version is available. During the 19th century, gold rushes occurred whenever large gold deposits were discovered, including the California, Colorado, Otago, Australia, Witwatersrand, Black Hills, and Klondike gold rushes. A new version of the Focus was launched in Europe in January 2005, while the United States received an updated version of the old model. For modern attempts to produce artificial gold, see gold synthesis. Since then, it has become the most popular car in the United Kingdom, following in the success of the Escort, its predecessor. Their symbol for gold was the circle with a point at its center (☉), which was also the astrological symbol, the Egyptian hieroglyph and the ancient Chinese character for the Sun (now 日). It was launched in 1998 in Europe, and in 2000 in North America. Although they never succeeded in this attempt, the alchemists promoted an interest in what can be done with substances, and this laid a foundation for today's chemistry.

The Ford Focus is an automobile made by the Ford Motor Company and sold in most Ford markets worldwide. The primary goal of the alchemists was to produce gold from other substances, such as lead — presumably by the interaction with a mythical substance called the philosopher's stone. 2.0 L Duratorq (PSA DW10). Gold in antiquity was relatively easy to obtain geologically; however, 75% of all gold ever produced has been extracted since 1910.[2] It has been estimated that all the gold in the world that has ever been refined would form a single cube 20 m (66 ft) a side. 1.8 L Duratorq (Ford "Lynx" type). Gold has been used as a symbol for purity, value, royalty, and particularly roles that combine these properties (see gold album). 1.6L (100bhp and 110bhp) Duratorq (PSA type). Gold has long been considered one of the most precious metals, and its value has been used as the standard for many currencies (known as the gold standard) in history.

2.5 L Duratec-HE 5-cylinder. The European exploration of the Americas was fueled in no small part by reports of the gold ornaments displayed in great profusion by Native American peoples, especially in Central America, Peru, and Colombia. 2.0 L Duratec-HE. Exploitation is said to date from the time of Midas, and this gold was important in the establishment of what is probably the world's earliest coinage in Lydia between 643 and 630 BC. 1.6 L Duratec Ti-VCT. The south-east corner of the Black Sea was famed for its gold. 1.6 L Duratec. Gold is also mentioned several times in the Old Testament.

1.4 L Duratec. Egypt and Nubia had the resources to make them major gold-producing areas for much of history. Ford Mondeo. Egyptian hieroglyphs from as early as 2600 BC describe gold, which king Tushratta of the Mitanni claimed was as "common as dust" in Egypt. Ford Focus. It may have been the first metal used by humans and was valued for ornamentation and rituals. Ford Fiesta. Gold ( Sanskrit jval, Greek χρυσóς [khrisós], Latin aurum for "shining dawn", Anglo-Saxon gold, Chinese 金 [jīn],Japanese 金 [kin] ) has been known and highly valued since prehistoric times.

Ford Ka. Because of its high electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion and other desirable combinations of physical and chemical properties, gold also emerged in the late 20th century as an essential industrial metal. Ford Crown Victoria. Gold and its many alloys are most often used in jewelry, coinage and as a standard for monetary exchange in many countries. Ford Five Hundred. Pure gold is too soft for ordinary use and is hardened by alloying with silver, copper, and other metals. Ford Taurus. [1].

Ford Fusion. Recent research undertaken by Frank Reith of the Australian National University shows that microbes play an important role in the formation of gold deposits, transporting and precipitating gold to form grains and nuggets that collect in alluvial deposits. Ford Focus. The added metal is oxidized and dissolves allowing the gold to be displaced from solution and be recovered as a solid precipitate. Volkswagen Golf. Gold ions in solution are readily reduced and precipitated out as gold metal by the addition of virtually any other metal as the reducing agent. Toyota Corolla. Common oxidation states of gold include +1 (gold(I) or aurous compounds) and +3 (gold(III) or auric compounds).

Saturn Ion. Heat, moisture, oxygen, and most corrosive agents have very little chemical effect on gold, making it well-suited for use in coins and jewelry; conversely, halogens will chemically alter gold, and aqua regia dissolves it. Pontiac Vibe. Gold is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and is not affected by air and most reagents. Nissan Sentra. As the amount of silver increases, the color becomes whiter and the specific gravity lower. Mitsubishi Lancer. Native gold contains usually eight to ten per cent silver, but often much more — alloys with a silver content over 20% are called electrum.

Mazda3. Adding copper yields a redder metal, iron blue, Silver produces green, aluminium purple, platinum metals white, and natural bismuth together with silver alloys produce black. Hyundai Elantra. This can be done to increase its strength, or create several exotic colors, sold for instance in the western United States to the tourist trade as "Black Hills" gold. Honda Civic. A soft metal, gold will readily form alloys with many other metals. Dodge Neon. It is the most malleable and ductile metal known; a single gram can be beaten into a sheet of one square metre, or an ounce into 300 square feet.

Chevrolet Cobalt. Only silver colloids exhibit the same interactions with light, albeit at a shorter frequency, making silver colloids yellow in color. Chevrolet Cavalier(Until 2006). These colors are the result of gold's plasmon frequency lying in the visible range, which causes red and yellow light to be reflected, and blue light to be absorbed. Volkswagen Golf. Gold is a metallic element with a characteristic yellow color, but can also be black or ruby when finely divided, while colloidal solutions are intensely colored and often purple. Toyota Corolla. .

Renault Megane. Its ISO currency code is XAU. Peugeot 307. Gold forms the basis for a monetary standard used by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Mitsubishi Lancer. For millennia, gold has served as money and is also used in jewelry, dentistry, and in electronics. Mazda 3. The metal occurs as nuggets or grains in rocks and in alluvial deposits and is one of the coinage metals.

Opel Astra/Vauxhall Astra. A soft, shiny, yellow, dense, malleable, ductile (trivalent and univalent) transition metal, gold does not react with most chemicals but is attacked by chlorine, fluorine and aqua regia. Hyundai Elantra. Gold is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Au (from the Latin aurum) and atomic number 79. Honda Civic. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Fiat Stilo. Los Alamos National Laboratory – Gold.

Citroën Xsara (recently, Citroën C4). Gold hydrazide: an olive-green powder, AuN₂H₃, one of several explosive compounds known archaically as aurum fulminans. Special features included: Rally-derived suspension, wide track, Thatcham Cat 1 alarm, leather sparco seats, metal pedals, alloy gear nob, air conditioning, 6CD multichanger radio, start button, blue backlit dials, turbo boost guage and change up warning light. Gold cluster compounds. RS (2.0 turbo petrol), 3-door hatchback.