Flower

Flowers within art are also representative of the female genitalia, as seen in the works of artists such as Georgia O'Keefe, Imogene Cunningham, and Judy Chicago. With the help of a psychic medium, he contacts his wife and learns the truth. Some of the more common examples include:. In popular 1990 academy award winning film Ghost, the ghost of a murdered man (played by Patrick Swayze) returns to earth to find out more about his murder and seek revenge on his killer. The practice of assigning meanings to flowers is known as floriography. Despite their unrealistic and outlandish nature, these gimmicks are very popular and have led to many championship runs for both men. Many flowers have important symbolic meanings in Western culture. They are The Undertaker and Kane.

To get flowers that are out of season in their country, florists contact wholesalers who have direct connections with growers in other countries to provide those flowers. WWE features two wrestlers, who portray men that have died and come back from the dead several times. Florists depend on an entire network of commercial growers and shippers to support this trade. The recent Japanese movie The Ring and the Hong Kong movie The Eye are both inspired by old wives' tales about haunting spirits. Around the world, florists sell flowers for a wide range of events and functions that, cumulatively, encompass one's lifetime:. In Asia horror cinema, the ghost stories often include adaptations of old oriental folklore set in a present day city. In modern times, people have sought ways to cultivate, buy, wear, or just be around flowers and blooming plants, partly because of their agreeable smell. One way to make the phantom appear on stage is Pepper's ghost technique.

The Greek goddess of spring, flowers and nature is Chloris. Theatre productions sometimes feature ghosts. The Roman goddess of flowers, gardens, and the season of Spring is Flora. Benson. Ah, Sun-flower weary of time,
Who countest the steps of the Sun,
Seeking after that sweet golden clime
Where the traveller's journey is done:

Where the Youth pined away with desire,
And the pale Virgin shrouded in snow
Arise from their graves, and aspire
Where my Sun-flower wishes to go. F. Famous examples include and William Wordsworth's I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud and William Blake's Ah! Sun-Flower:. Wakefield, and E.

The great variety of delicate and beautiful flowers has inspired the works of many poets, especially from the Romantic era. R. Main and related articles at: Gardening, Horticulture, List of flowers, and Floristry. Sheridan Le Fanu, H. Instead the allergen is usually the pollen of the contemporary bloom of anemophilous ragweed (Ambrosia) which can drift for many kilometers. James, J. For example the showy and entomophilous goldenrod (Solidago) is frequently blamed for respiratory allergies, of which it is innocent, since its pollen cannot be airborne. R.

There is much confusion about the role of flowers in allergies. Other authors in the field include Oscar Wilde (The Canterville Ghost, 1887), M. Honeybees and bumblebees actively gather anemophilous corn (maize) pollen, though it is of little value to them. Algernon Blackwood was a British writer who is well known for writing ghost stories. Whereas the pollen of entomophilous flowers tends to be large grained, sticky, and contain significant protein (another "reward" for pollinators), Anemophilous flower pollen is usually small grained, very light, and of little nutritional value to insects, though it may still be gathered, in times of dearth. Boag-Munroe is the fictional ghosthunter from A Haunted Man by horror writer Stuart Neild. Wind pollinated flowers are referred to as anemophilous. Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn visit a haunted house in Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.

Other flowers are pollinated by the wind, and the flowers of these species (for example, grasses) have no need to attract pollinators and therefore tend not to be "showy". Other famous ghosts in fiction include the Headless Horseman, who appears in Washington Irving's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Some plants, such as Rafflesia, the titan arum, and the North American pawpaw (Asimina triloba) are pollinated by flies, so produce a scent imitating rotting meat. In the controversial BBC film Ghostwatch, a ghost invades the world of the living. Flower scent is not always pleasant to our sense of smell. In Ghost in the Shell, ghost is a word used to describe a person's inner being, similar to the concept of a soul. In gathering nectar from many flowers of the same species, the pollinators transfer pollen between all of the flowers it visits. In the Ghostbusters film and television cartoon, the protagonists use special technology of their own design to hunt and capture/exile the ghosts they encounter.

The arrangement of the stamens ensures that pollen grains are transferred to the bodies of the pollinator. by a millionaire, see plot summary. In any case, pollinators are attracted to the plant, perhaps in search of nectar, which they eat. In the film The Ghost Goes West (1935), actor Robert Donat plays a ghost in a Scottish castle which is bought, dismantled and shipped to the U.S. Flowers also attract pollinators by scent. In the film The Sixth Sense, actor Bruce Willis plays a child psychologist working with a young boy (Haley Joel Osment) who believes he can see the spirits of the dead among the living. Some flowers have patterns, called nectar guides, that are evident in the ultraviolet range, visible to bees but not to humans. There are ghost superheroes who fight for justice, such as DC Comics' The Spectre and Deadman, as well as Nickelodeon's Danny Phantom.

Bees and birds are common pollinators: both have color vision, thus selecting for "colorful" flowers. Despite his ghostliness, the good-natured Casper tries to befriend people rather than scare them. Flowers commonly have glands called nectaries on their various parts that attract these animals. Casper the Friendly Ghost is a cartoon character from Harvey Comics. Flowers that are insect pollinated are called entomophilous (literally "insect loving"). Finally, in the play Richard III, the title character is visited by the angry ghosts of those he has killed, foretelling his doom and blessing his opponent, Richmond, later to become Henry VII. Many flowers in nature have evolved to attract animals to pollinate the flower, the movements of the pollinating agent contributing to the opportunity for genetic recombinations within a dispersed plant population. In Shakespeare's Macbeth, the title character believes he sees the "blood-bolter'd" ghost of his former friend Banquo sitting in his chair during a feast.

The period of time during which this process can take place (the flower is fully expanded and functional) is called anthesis. Julius Caesar's ghost appears to Brutus in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar to warn Brutus of his impending defeat. Others rely on animals (especially insects) to accomplish this feat. When Hamlet sees the ghost, he is not sure if it is in fact his father's spirit or a demon whose aim is to deceive him. Many flowers are dependent upon the wind to move pollen between flowers of the same species. The ghost exhorts Hamlet to take revenge on Claudius. The process is termed pollination. The ghost says that he was in fact murdered by his brother Claudius, who now (by virtue of having married Hamlet's mother Gertrude) occupies the throne.

The function of a flower is to mediate the union of male and female gametes. In Shakespeare's play Hamlet, a ghost taking the form of Hamlet's recently deceased father appears to Prince Hamlet one night. Several other symbols are used that will have to await drawings to illustrate here (see [1]). Ghosts in the novel are also keen on having a Deathday Party on the anniversaries of their deaths. A floral formula would appear something like this:. In the fictional Harry Potter, there are a number of ghosts including Nearly Headless Nick, The Bloody Baron, The Fat Friar and the Grey Lady, who might be based on Lady Jane Grey. x - to represent a "variable number"
∞ - to represent "many"
. In many stories, ghosts are often depicted as haunting the living until a certain desire is met or some grievance was settled by the haunted.

Ca⁵ = 5 sepals)
Co = corolla (petal whorl; e.g., Co^3(x) = petals some multiple of three )
    Z = add if zygomorphic (e.g., CoZ⁶ = zygomorphic with 6 petals)
A = androecium (whorl of stamens; e.g., A^∞ = many stamens)
G = gynoecium (carpel or carpels; e.g., G¹ = monocarpous)
. (See Horror fiction for more on the haunted/ghost-driven fiction.). Ca = calyx (sepal whorl; e.g. After Edgar Allan Poe, the "ghost story" began an independent generic history, and today the genre of Horror continues the use of ghosts as villains in fiction. The following representations are used:. Horace Walpole's 1764 The Castle of Otranto was among the first to set up the rational but malign actions of a ghost to create an atmosphere of foreboding, mystery, and fear. Typically, a general formula will be used to represent the flower structure of a plant family rather than a particular species. However, the haunting and mystery/adversarial acts of the ghost appears later in the "ghost story." Hauntings feature in Eyrbyggja Saga for a section of the work, but the "Gothic novel" and later "Gothic fiction" introduced the use of ghosts for fear to literature.

A floral formula is a way to represent the structure of a flower using specific letters, numbers, and symbols. In the Elizabethan and Jacobean stage, the vengeful ghost is a commonplace who sets plots in motion. Each small flower may be anatomically as described above. The malign ghost whose intent is either to set right an injustice or to be avenged upon the living, either in general or on a specific person, features in many fictions. In botanical terminology, a single daisy or sunflower for example, is not a flower but a flower head—an inflorescence comprised of numerous small flowers (sometimes called florets). Such gnomic or oracular statements reward the reader with knowledge greater than the fiction's participants. In this sense, care must be exercised in considering what is a flower. Such a ghost in disguise usually, in fiction, offers statements or visions that are relevant to the plot, but not in a way comprehensible to the characters.

In those species that have more than one flower on an axis, the collection of flowers is termed an inflorescence. Additionally, some urban legends, such as the "Hitchhiking ghost," turn upon an anonymous stranger (or Elvis Presley in a common variant) who is revealed to be a ghost in the clinch of the story. Additional discussions on floral modifications from the basic plan are presented in the articles on each of the basic parts of the flower. In folk music, there are songs featuring lovers and objects of affection who must leave before dawn (a variant on the Cupid and Psyche story) because they are ghosts. The latter flower types, which have chemical barriers to their own pollen, are referred to as self-sterile or self-incompatible (see also: Plant sexuality). A character otherwise regarded as living turns out, in the fiction's denouement, to be a supernatural agent. Unisexual male and female flowers on the same plant may not appear at the same time, or pollen from the same plant may be incapable of fertilizing its ovules. Finally, the ghost messenger features in fiction as a ghost in disguise.

Conversely, many species of plants have ways of preventing self-fertilization. Such ghosts can either act as a deus ex machina by resolving plot points with supernatural power or as a mentor who offers sagacity to the characters with a limited point of view. The extreme case of self-fertilization occurs in flowers that always self-fertilize, such as the common dandelion. In some fictions, a departed relative (usually) or friend guides the living to either a moral or material benefit. Some flowers with both stamens and a pistil are capable of self-fertilization, which does increase the chance of producing seeds but limits genetic variation. However, the ghost messenger can also act as a way reminiscent of the guardian angel in fiction. However, where unisexual male and female flowers appear on the same plant, the species is considered monoecious. In each of these cases, the fictional ghost offers counsel to the living and thus acts as a messenger from the implicitly greater world beyond.

In the latter case, if an individual plant is either male or female the species is regarded as dioecious. Further, he finds that the ancestors of many great lords and ladies of his day were stable boys, servants, etc. However, in some species of plants the flowers are imperfect or unisexual: having only either male (stamens) or female (pistil) parts. Jonathan Swift satirized the genre in the third book of Gulliver's Travels by having Gulliver summon the ghosts of former kings and great conquerors and finding, instead of nobility, petty, childish, and stupid people who possessed no wisdom and who accomplished their great deeds for mean and selfish reasons. These flowers are described by botanists as being perfect, bisexual, or hermaphrodite. The genre was most popular in the 18th century, and examples were written by many. In the majority of species, individual flowers have both pistils and stamens as described above. These "ghosts" were under control of a great sorcerer or otherwise compelled to speak.

The number of carpels in a compound pistil may be only two, or otherwise not related to the above generalization for monocots and dicots. In the Dialogues of the Dead genre, authors would somehow contrive a device for summoning the dead to a character who would then speak with them and ask them questions about philosophy or current events. For example, the two subclasses of flowering plants may be distinguished by the number of floral organs in each whorl: dicotyledons typically having 4 or 5 organs (or a multiple of 4 or 5) in each whorl and monocotyledons having three or some multiple of three. In Odyssey, Odysseus travels to Hades and sees the shades of his former colleagues, including some he did not know were dead, and pours out fresh blood, which the dead hunger for, until he can find Tiresias and get guidance on his voyages. These modifications have significance in the evolution of flowering plants and are used extensively by botanists to establish relationships among plant species. These were based upon the Witch of Endor story and the visions of Hades found in both Homer's Odyssey and Virgil's Aeneid. Although the floral structure described above is considered the "typical" structural plan, plant species show a wide variety of modifications from this plan. A popular genre of literature from the early Renaissance to the early twentieth century was the Dialogues of the Dead.

The four main parts or whorls (starting from the base of the flower or lowest node and working upwards) are as follows:. New Orleans' ghosts include pirates from the 18th century, through 20th century spectres. The parts of a flower are arranged in whorls on the torus. The city of New Orleans is sometimes called 'America's most haunted city' with numerous ghost reports, especially in the French Quarter which remained largely undamaged by Hurricane Katrina. The stem is called a pedicel, the end of which is the torus or receptacle. The former prison island of Alcatraz off the coast of San Francisco is said to be home to a number of ghosts of prisoners that died there. In essence, a flower structure forms on a modified shoot or axis with an apical meristem that does not grow continuously (growth is determinate). The prophet's spirit gives the king no assistance, but rebukes him and foretells his doom instead.

A flower is regarded as a modified stem (Eames, 1961) with shortened internodes and bearing, at its nodes, structures that may be highly modified leaves. In the Biblical account of the Witch of Endor, King Saul of Israel has the witch conjure up the ghost of the prophet Samuel to consult him on his precarious situation. Flowering plants are heterosporangiate (producing two types of reproductive spores) and the pollen (male spores) and ovules (female spores) are produced in different organs, but these are together in a bisporangiate strobilus that is the typical flower. The ghost of the Roman Emperor Caligula was said to haunt the Lamian Gardens of Rome, where his body had been hastily and unceremoniously buried after his assassination. . The White House in Washington, D.C., is said to be haunted by the ghost of Abraham Lincoln and by several lesser spectres. After fertilization, portions of the flower develop into a fruit containing the seeds. Indeed, the presence of many centuries-old buildings has given England the reputation of the most haunted country in the world.

For the higher plants, seeds are the next generation, and serve as the primary means by which individuals of a species are dispersed across the landscape. The cities of York and Derby in England are also reputed to be a center of ghostly manifestations; consequently, they both thrive on hugely successful ghost tour industries. The flower structure contains the plant's reproductive organs, and its function is to produce seeds through sexual reproduction. Several other ghosts are said to make the Tower their home; phantom troops of soldiers reportedly appear there, as well as a lady in mourning with no face. A flower (<Old French flo(u)r<Latin florem<flos), also known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms). It seems likely that the building with the most distinguished ghosts as rumored tenants is the Tower of London, which is reported to be haunted by:. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York. The earliest literature to rationally discuss the issue comes from the Chinese philosopher, Mo Tzu (470-391 BC).

Morphology of the Angiosperms. Certain images such as paintings and movies might "program" a person to automatically associate a certain structure or area as haunted because of what he has seen in the movies. 1961. Many people exaggerate their interpretation of their own perceptions, either when visiting a place they believe to be haunted, or when visiting a site which they know has seen unpleasant historical events. J. Psychological factors may also relate to ghost sightings. Eames, A. Often, videos of paranormal investigators will show them using E-field or B-field detectors and finding "ghostly" results near wall outlets and electrical appliances.

Daisies are a symbol of innocence. Sometimes ghosts are associated with electromagnetic disturbances, which suggests that they might be attributable to the electromagnetic field and not to a presently dead person. It is also assosiated with stars (sun) and its petals blooming/shining. Also, sound waves with frequencies lower than 20 hertz are called infrasound; they are formally inaudible, but British scientists Richard Lord and Richard Wiseman have concluded that infrasound can cause humans to feel a "presence" in the room, or unexplained feelings of anxiety or dread.[1]. Irises/Lily are used in burials as a symbol refering to "resurection/life". Any random motion outside the focused view can create a strong illusion of an eerie figure. In the UK, Australia and Canada, red poppies are worn to commemorate soldiers who have died in times of war. Also, the peripheral vision is very sensitive to motion, but does not contain much color or focused shapes.

Poppies are a symbol of consolation in time of death. Ghosts are often associated with a chilling sensation, but a natural animal response to fear is hair raising, which can be mistaken for chill. Red roses are given as a symbol of love, beauty, and passion. Human physiology may make us more susceptible to ghost sightings. For funeral flowers and flowers for the grieving. A society could have elaborate setups with members of that community playing ghosts. As a gift of remembrance for bon voyage parties, welcome home parties, and "thinking of you" gifts. It can also discourage new tenants from living in an apparently abandoned house.

As brightening decorations within the home. For example, the telling of ghost stories might be a way for secluded communities to scare off intruders. For wedding flowers for the bridal party, and decorations for the hall. Again, the reasons could be popularity and income; but fear might also factor into the motive. As a corsage or boutonniere to be worn at social functions or for holidays. A hoax or con might also be getting played on the reporting person themselves. For new births or Christenings Lilium hybrid "Stargazer" is extremely fragrant. . Also, a person might claim a haunting for personal popularity and income.

The supportive stalk, the style becomes the pathway for pollen tubes to grow from pollen grains adhering to the stigma, to the ovules, carrying the reproductive material. Ascribing such motives and powers to dead people could be interpreted as a scare tactic. The sticky tip of the pistil, the stigma, is the receptor of pollen. For example, lingering of ghosts is typically associated with seeking justice or revenge. A pistil may consist of a number of carpels merged together, in which case there is only one pistil to each flower, or of a single individual carpel (the flower is then called apocarpous). They might make up a haunting for a personal reason. The female reproductive organ is the carpel: this contains an ovary with ovules (female gametes). Occasionally, the sincerity and motive of the claimant will be questioned.

gynoecium (from Greek gynaikos oikia: woman's house) – one or more pistils. They are also keen to note that most ghost sightings happen when our senses are impaired, and that the evidence is unreliable because it doesn't occur when we have full use of our faculties. Pollen contains the male gametes. They may suggest that, since few to none of us have ever had an interpersonal relationship with a ghost, but most or all of us have had an experience of self-delusion or have attributed a false cause to an event, that these options should be preferred in the absence of a great abundance of evidence. androecium (from Greek andros oikia: man's house) – one or two whorls of stamens, each a filament topped by an anther where pollen is produced. Skeptics often explain ghost sightings with the principle of Occam's razor, which argues that explanations should maximize parsimony with the rest of our knowledge. corolla – the whorl of petals, which are usually thin, soft and colored to attract insects that help the process of pollination. For example, the vast majority of the scientific community believes that ghosts, as well as other supernatural and paranormal entities, do not exist.

calyx – the outer whorl of sepals; typically these are green, but are petal-like in some species. While some accept ghosts as a reality, many others are skeptical of the existence of ghosts. Asuras are also referred to as "fighting ghosts". Sentient beings in that realm are referred to as hungry ghosts because of their attachment to this world. Buddhist Samsara includes the concept of the hungry ghost realm.

They often wear the sort of clothing in which they would have been seen when alive. Such places are known as "haunted"; the rounds they go on are known as "hauntings". They may wander around places they frequented when alive or where they died. Both the West and the East share some fundamental beliefs about ghosts.

How ghosts fit into this worldview is shown here. Very detailed information about ghosts is given in Garuda Purana, a scripture from Vedic (Hindu) tradition. During the time of feast, those relatives amongst the living are not allowed to leave their bedrooms regardless of how much noise the ghost makes. An older ritual is for the living family to prepare a grand feast for their dead relatives "returning" home.

The ritual consists of burning Hell Bank Notes and other luxury items made of paper mache as well as pouring wine three times on their grave and leaving food. Also in China, particularly in the Guangzhou area, the Chinese people usually hold a Chinese version of Day of the dead ritual for their ancestors in autumn. The victims of such paranormal "murders" are called tìsíguǐ (替死鬼), literally "substitute death ghost" or "substitute devil" which in Chinese is a synonym for scapegoat. The Chinese also believe that some ghosts, especially those who died of drowning, kill people in order to rob them of their rights to reincarnation.

In Chinese tradition, apart from being reincarnated, a ghost can also become immortal and become a demigod, or it can go to hell and suffer for eternity, or it can die again and become "ghost of ghost". Exorcists can either help a ghost to be driven away or reincarnated. Ghosts are those souls that refused to be "recycled" because they have unfinished business, similar to those in the West. In Asian cultures (such as China), many people believe in reincarnation.

However, it may be possible that enough of a dead person's psyche might be imprinted on an environment so as to give the likeness of thought or autonomy. Theories from this approach often encounter difficulties in explaining ghosts that appear to be sentient, such as those which answer questions or react to specific actions from people present. This way of thinking classifies ghosts in the same category of preternatural unexplained phenomena as poltergeists/telekinesis, ESP, and telepathy. They assert that traumatic events (such as a murder or suicide) cause mental energy to be released into the world, where it may be experienced by other people who are sensitive to its presence.

Those who follow this approach most often believe that ghosts are not actual disembodied souls or spirits, but rather they are impressions of psychic energy left behind by a deceased (or in some rare cases, still living) person. Some ghost researchers approach the possibility of ghosts from a more scientific standpoint, seeking to find correlations and causal relationships between recordable phenomena and the supposed presence of ghosts. It is worth noting that while mainstream Protestants and Evangelical Christians believe in the existence of principalities, they do not believe in ghosts (as spiritual manifestations of the dead) and would generally attribute more violent ghosts, such as poltergeists, to the actions of demons. It is sometimes held that ghosts reside in Limbo, a place, according to nonorthodox Catholic doctrine, between Heaven and Hell where the souls of unbaptized infants go.

Criminals sometimes supposedly linger to avoid Purgatory or Hell. The inability to find rest is often explained by unfinished business, such as a victim seeking justice or revenge after death. In the West, those who believe in ghosts sometimes hold them to be souls that could not find rest after death, and so linger on Earth. Sometimes they do not manifest themselves visually but in terms of other phenomena, such as the movements of an object, spontaneous throwing of a light switch, noises, etc., which supposedly have no natural explanation.

Ghosts do not have a physical body like human beings, but only a subtle astral body. Ghosts are often depicted of a human size and shape (although some accounts also mention animal ghosts), but typically described as "silvery", "shadowy", "semitransparent", "misty" or "fog-like." Parapsychologists refer to the "substance" of which ghosts and other spirits are made of as "ectoplasm". . Every culture in the world carries stories about ghosts, but they vary across time and place, with disagreements both as to what ghosts are and whether they are just figments of imagination or a part of reality.

According to some beliefs, a ghost may be the personality of a person after his or her death, and not tied directly to the soul or spirit. It is often thought to be a manifestation of the spirit or soul of a person which has remained on Earth after death. A ghost is an alleged non-corporeal manifestation of a dead person (or, rarely, an animal). Norman Leslie, a fallen World War 1 soldier who appeared when his great niece was looking for a missing document that proved that Castle Leslie belonged to her family.

Barquest, a giant spectral dog believed by the French to haunt graveyards. A troupe of ghosts who allegedly reenact the execution of Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury;. The ghost of Sir Walter Raleigh;. The ghost of Lady Jane Grey;.

The ghosts of King Edward V of England and Richard, Duke of York, the "Princes in the Tower";. The ghost of Thomas Becket, which allegedly appeared during the construction of the Traitor's Gate;. The headless ghost of Anne Boleyn;.