Drum

For other kinds of drums, see drum (disambiguation).

Drum carried by John Unger, Company B, 40th Regiment New York Veteran Volunteer Infantry Mozart Regiment, December 20, 1863 Several American Indian-style drums for sale at the National Museum of the American Indian.

A drum is a musical instrument in the percussion family , technically classified as a membranophone. Drums consist of at least one membrane, called a drumhead or drumskin, that is stretched over a shell and struck, either directly with parts of a player's body, or with some sort of implement such as a drumstick, to produce sound. Drums are among the world's oldest and most ubiquitous musical instruments, and the basic design has been virtually unchanged for hundreds of years.

The shell almost invariably has a circular opening over which the drumhead is stretched, but the shape of the remainder of the shell varies widely. In the western musical tradition, the most usual shape is a cylinder, although timpani for example use bowl-shaped shells. Other shapes include truncated cones (bongo drums) and joined truncated cones (talking drum).

Drums with cylindrical shells can be open at one end (as in the timbales) or, more commonly in the Western tradition, they can have another drum head. Sometimes they have a solid shell with no holes in at all though this is rare. It is usual for a drum to have some sort of hole in to let air move through the drum when it is struck. This gives a louder and longer ring to the notes of the drum, so drums with two heads covering both ends of a tubular shell often have a small hole halfway between the 2 drumheads. The membrane is struck, either with the hand or with a drumstick, and the shell forms a resonating chamber for the resulting sound. The sound of a drum depends on several variables including shell shape, size, thickness of shell, materials of the shell, type of drumhead, tension of the drumhead, position of the drum, location, and how it is struck.

In lots of popular music and jazz, drums usually refers to a drum kit or set of drums, and drummer to the band member or person who plays them. Drums are also played by percussionists whose skills can be called for in all areas of music from Classical to Heavy Rock & all areas in between.

In the past, drums were used as a means of communication and not just for their musical qualities. - see drum (communication).

Examples

Some examples of drums from different origins.

Latin and Brazilian

Students playing drums at the Penn State University
  • bongo drum
  • conga drums
  • surdo
  • steel drum - not a membranophone, but referred to as a drum
  • tan-tan
  • timbales

Indian

  • mirdanga
  • dholak
  • khol
  • tabla
  • Chenda
  • Madhalam
  • Idakka
  • Mizhavu

Western

  • basler drum
  • bass drum
  • bodhrán
  • Lambeg drum
  • octoban
  • snare drum
  • tabor
  • tenor drum
  • timpani (kettledrum)
  • tom-tom drum

Africa

Drummer
  • bougarabou
  • djembe
  • djun-djun
  • log drum
  • message drum
  • monkey drum
  • rebana
  • donno
  • dun dun
  • ngoma
  • brekete
  • kete
  • repeater
  • sabar
  • ashiko
  • kidi
  • sogo
  • kaganu
  • atsimevu
  • iya ilu
  • darbuka
  • doumbek
  • kpanlogo
  • cuica
  • talking drum
  • bada
  • tassa
  • klobotoji
  • totoji
  • gudu gudu
  • sakara
  • okónkolo
  • bata
  • itótele

Middle East

  • tonbak
  • daf
  • bodhrán
  • goblet drum
  • davul
  • doyra
  • tapan

Asia

  • taiko

In the Sachs-Hornbostel scheme of musical instrument classification, drums belong to the membranophone class.


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In the Sachs-Hornbostel scheme of musical instrument classification, drums belong to the membranophone class. In early 2003, Fender Musical Instruments Corporation made a deal with Gretsch, and began manufacturing and distributing new Gretsch guitars. Some examples of drums from different origins. In recent years, Fender Musical Instruments Corporation has branched out into making and selling acoustic guitars, and has purchased a number of other instrument firms, including the Guild Guitar Company, the Sunn Amplifier Company, and other brands such as SWR bass amplifiers. . Fender guitars have been the instrument of choice for hundreds of noted artists including Jimi Hendrix, Eric Clapton, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Ritchie Blackmore, and Keith Richards. - see drum (communication). On nearly every stage in the country, small or large, featuring blues, country and western or rock and roll, it is common to see a Fender guitar or bass in the hands of one or more of the musicians, amplified through a Fender amplifier.

In the past, drums were used as a means of communication and not just for their musical qualities. The core of its instrument line, the Tele, Strat, P-Bass, and J-Bass, remains largely unchanged from the 1950s and 1960s originals. Drums are also played by percussionists whose skills can be called for in all areas of music from Classical to Heavy Rock & all areas in between. Early Japanese Fender and Squier Stratocasters are well-regarded, and are now traded on the used-guitar market as JV, or 'Japanese Vintage'. In lots of popular music and jazz, drums usually refers to a drum kit or set of drums, and drummer to the band member or person who plays them. These inexpensive models are now manufactured in China and Indonesia. The sound of a drum depends on several variables including shell shape, size, thickness of shell, materials of the shell, type of drumhead, tension of the drumhead, position of the drum, location, and how it is struck. The name adorns many inexpensive guitars based on Fender designs but with much cheaper construction (for instance, poplar, basswood and agathis replace ash and alder for the bodies - in those cases where the body is made of solid wood, because quite a good deal of Squiers feature plywood bodies - and the maple necks are of a lower grade).

The membrane is struck, either with the hand or with a drumstick, and the shell forms a resonating chamber for the resulting sound. The brand name, 'Squier', (previously a string manufacturer bought up by Fender) has been used in the early 1980s to produce (in Japan) cheaper, original Fender guitars to combat the frighteningly accurate copies from Japanese manufacturer Tokai and, later, with the production moving to Korea, for student-grade versions of Fender designs, of varying manufacture and often wildly fluctuating quality. This gives a louder and longer ring to the notes of the drum, so drums with two heads covering both ends of a tubular shell often have a small hole halfway between the 2 drumheads. The older and American-built Strats are by far the most favoured, but Japanese Fenders are now highly regarded as well: Fenders built in Ensenada, Mexico took over for the early Japanese guitars as the downmarket counterparts to the American models, while more recent Japanese Fenders are now mainly for the Japanese market, as counterparts to the American-made Fenders, and with only a small number marked for export. It is usual for a drum to have some sort of hole in to let air move through the drum when it is struck. Fender manufactures its highest quality models in the United States and Japan, but also has extensive manufacturing facilities in China and Mexico for downmarket models, such that a new guitar with the name, 'Fender Stratocaster,' can be purchased for roughly the same dollar amount today as in 1954. Sometimes they have a solid shell with no holes in at all though this is rare. Behind the Fender name, the Fender Musical Instruments Corporation has continued to grow, and to add a wider range of products to its catalogs, while still keeping with traditional designs from the company's early years.

Drums with cylindrical shells can be open at one end (as in the timbales) or, more commonly in the Western tradition, they can have another drum head. In 1985, initiated by a company employee named William Schultz, the Fender Electric Instrument Manufacturing Company was bought from CBS by its own employees, and renamed Fender Musical Instruments Corporation. Other shapes include truncated cones (bongo drums) and joined truncated cones (talking drum). After selling the Fender company, Leo Fender designed products for Music Man and later founded the G&L company which manufactures top quality electric guitars and basses designed by Leo Fender. In the western musical tradition, the most usual shape is a cylinder, although timpani for example use bowl-shaped shells. The so-called "Pre-CBS cult" refers to the popularity of Fenders made before the sale. The shell almost invariably has a circular opening over which the drumhead is stretched, but the shape of the remainder of the shell varies widely. Maverick) had been little more than attempts to squeeze profits out of factory stock.

Drums are among the world's oldest and most ubiquitous musical instruments, and the basic design has been virtually unchanged for hundreds of years. Musiclander) and Custom (a.k.a. Drums consist of at least one membrane, called a drumhead or drumskin, that is stretched over a shell and struck, either directly with parts of a player's body, or with some sort of implement such as a drumstick, to produce sound. In addition, previous models such as the Swinger (a.k.a. A drum is a musical instrument in the percussion family , technically classified as a membranophone. However, the sale is often now looked back upon unfavorably, due to the perception that CBS favored numbers and profit over quality; the culmination of this occurred in 1983, when the Stratocaster received a short-lived redesign without a second tone control and a bare-bones output jack. For other kinds of drums, see drum (disambiguation).. At first, the sale was a taken as a positive development, considering CBS' ability to bring in money and personnel.

taiko. Fender's sale to CBS had far-reaching implications. tapan. In early 1965, Leo Fender sold his company to the Columbia Broadcasting System, or CBS. doyra. See the article on the Fender Telecaster for more details of the Fender company's early history. davul. At that point Leo renamed the company the "Fender Electric Instrument Company." The service shop remained open until 1951, although Leo Fender did not personally supervise it after 1947.

goblet drum. Kauffman remained unconvinced, however, and they had amicably parted ways by early 1946. bodhrán. By the end of the year, Fender had become convinced that manufacturing was more profitable than repair, and he decided to concentrate on that business. daf. Production began in 1945 with Hawaiian lap steel guitars (incorporating a patented pickup) and amplifiers, which were sold as sets. tonbak. By the early 1940s, he had partnered with another local electronics enthusiast named Clayton Orr (Doc) Kauffman, and they formed a company named "K & F Manufacturing Corp." to design, manufacture, and sell electric instruments and amplifiers.

itótele. He became intrigued by design flaws in current musical instrument amplifiers, and he began custom-building a few amplifiers based on his own designs or modifications to designs. bata. The business also sidelined in carrying records for sale and the rental of self-designed-and-built PA systems. okónkolo. (Technical note: at the time, most of the above were simply variations on a few simple vacuum-tube circuits). sakara. As a qualified electronics technician, Leo was asked to repair not only radios, but phonograph players, home audio amplifiers, public address systems and musical instrument amplifiers.

gudu gudu. The company began as "Fender's Radio Service" in late 1938 in Fullerton, California, USA. totoji. . klobotoji. Its headquarters are in Scottsdale, Arizona, with manufacturing facilities in Corona, California, and OCONUS manufacturing facilities in Ensenada (Mexico), Korea and Japan. tassa. Other popular and/or notable Fender instruments include the Mustang, Jazzmaster, Jaguar, Starcaster, Duosonic, and Bronco guitars; basses such as the Jazz Bass, the 'Telecaster Bass' reissue of the original 1950s Precision Bass; a line of lap steels, and the Fender Rhodes electric piano.

bada. While other companies and luthiers had produced electric guitars since the late 1920s, nearly all were either hollow-body guitars with pickups attached, or more specialized instruments such as Rickenbacker's solid-body Hawaiian lap steel guitars. talking drum. Fender offered the first mass-produced solid-body Spanish-style electric guitar, the Telecaster (originally named the 'Broadcaster', 'Esquire' is a single pickup version); the first mass-produced electric bass, the Precision Bass (or P-Bass); and the enormously popular Stratocaster guitar (or 'Strat' for short). cuica. Fender is particularly important because of its role in bringing solidbody electric guitars to the masses. kpanlogo. The Fender Musical Instruments Corporation, initially named the Fender Electric Instrument Manufacturing Company, was started by Leo Fender in the 1940s, and is one of the most widely recognised manufacturers of electric guitars, electric basses and amplifiers.

doumbek. Zone. darbuka. VI. iya ilu. Telecaster. atsimevu. Performer.

kaganu. Precision. sogo. Mustang. kidi. Jaguar. ashiko. Jazz.

sabar. Badtz-Maru Bronco Bass[2]. repeater. Swinger. kete. Toronado. brekete. J5 Telecaster.

ngoma. Telecaster Deluxe. dun dun. Telecaster

    . donno. Super Strat. rebana. Fat Strat.

    monkey drum. Yngwie Malmsteen Stratocaster. message drum. Stevie Ray Vaughan Signature Stratocaster. log drum. Robert Cray Standard Stratocaster. djun-djun. Mark Knopfler Stratocaster.

    djembe. John Mayer Stratocaster. bougarabou. Jimmie Vaughan Tex-Mex Stratocaster. tom-tom drum. Jeff Beck Stratocaster. timpani (kettledrum). Hello Kitty Stratocaster[1].

    tenor drum. Eric Johnson Stratocaster. tabor. Eric Clapton Stratocaster. snare drum. Buddy Guy Polka Dot Stratocaster. octoban. David Gilmour: owner of Strat #0001, formerly owned by Homer Haynes (a very early Strat in a custom color, but it was NOT the first Stratocaster ever made).

    Lambeg drum. Stratocaster

      . bodhrán. Starcaster. bass drum. Showmaster. basler drum. Mustang.

      Mizhavu. Musicmaster. Idakka. LTD. Madhalam. Fender Lead Series. Chenda. Katana.

      tabla. Jazzmaster. khol. Jaguar. dholak. Jag-Stang. mirdanga. Electric XII.

      timbales. Duo-Sonic. tan-tan. Cyclone. steel drum - not a membranophone, but referred to as a drum. Custom. surdo. Coronado.

      conga drums. Bronco. bongo drum. Broadcaster.