Jacques Cousteau(Redirected from Cousteau)Jacques-Yves Cousteau (June 11, 1910 - June 25, 1997) was a French naval officer, explorer and researcher who studied the sea and all forms of life in water. Cousteau was born in Saint André de Cubzac, France and died in Paris. Cousteau is generally known in France as le commandant Cousteau (Commander Cousteau). In 1930 he was admitted to the École Navale (Naval Academy) in Brest and became a gunnery officer of the French Navy, which gave him the opportunity to make his first underwater experiments. He was training to become a pilot, but a serious car accident ended his aviation career. In 1936 he tested a model of underwater eyeglasses, perhaps the ancestors of modern masks. Married in 1937 to Simone Melchior, he took part in WWII, and during the conflict he found the time to be co-inventor, with Emile Gagnan, of the first type of SCUBA diving equipment, the Aqua-Lung in 1943. Among the things that prompted him to develop efficient air-breathing diving free-swimming diving gear, were two oxygen toxicity accidents that he had earlier with rebreathers. In the post-WWII years, still a naval officer, he developed techniques for the minesweeping of France's harbors and explored shipwrecks. Named the president of the French Oceanographic Campaigns, in 1950 he bought his famous ship Calypso, with which he visited the most interesting waters of the planet, including some rivers. During these trips he produced many books and films. Cousteau won three Oscars for The Silent World, The Golden Fish and World Without Sun, as well as many other top awards including the Palme d'Or in 1956 at the Cannes Film Festival. His work did a great deal to popularize knowledge of underwater biology. In 1963 with Jean de Wouters Cousteau developed the an underwater camera named "Calypso-Phot" which was later licensed to Nikon and became the "Calypso-Nikkor" and then the "Nikonos". Together with Jean Mollard he created the SP-350, an two-man submarine that could reach a depth of 350m below the ocean's surface. The successful experiment was soon repeated in 1965 with two submarines that reached 500m. Cousteau was made director of the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco, created the Underseas Research Group in Toulon, was the leader of the Conshelf Saturation Dive Program (long-term immersion experiments, the first manned undersea colonies) and was one of the few foreigners that has been admitted to the American Academy of Sciences. Cousteau's popularity was increasing. In October 1960, a large amount of radioactive waste was going to be discarded in the sea by EURATOM. Cousteau organized a publicity campaign which gained wide popular support. The train carrying the waste was stopped by women and children sitting on the railway, and was sent back to its origin. The risk was avoided. In Monaco, the following November, an official visit by the French president Charles de Gaulle turned into a debate on the events of October 1960 and on nuclear experiments in general. The French ambassador already had suggested that Prince Rainier avoid the subject, but the president (allegedly) asked Cousteau in a friendly manner to be kind toward nuclear researchers, and Cousteau (allegedly) replied: "No sir, it is your researchers that ought to be kind toward us." During this discussion Cousteau found out that the reason for French experiments and research was American refusal to share its atomic secrets with its allies. In 1974 he created the Cousteau Society for the protection of ocean life, which now has more than 300,000 members. In 1977, together with Peter Scott, he received the UN international environment prize, and a few years later he also received the American Liberty Medal from Jimmy Carter, then president of the United States. In 1985 Cousteau surprised many with his attempts to find the Loch Ness monster. Together with his young assistant and alleged lover the Armenian émigré Hagop "Jack" Bouboushian, he conducted several dangerous dives, with the intention of photographing the monster. He ended his attempts after Bouboushian's death. The exact circumstance of his assistant's death remain a matter of controversy. Cousteau claimed to his death that Bouboushian died fighting the monster, though many have claimed that foul play and jealousy may have been involved. In 1992 he was invited to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for the United Nations' international conference on environment and development, then he became a regular consultant the UN and the World Bank. LegacyCousteau liked to call himself an "oceanographic technician". He was in reality a sophisticated lover of nature, especially that of the sea. His work allowed people of all continents to visit life under the ocean's surface and explore through television the resources of the "blue continent". The works that Cousteau produced also created a new kind of scientific communication that caused some criticism by formal academics. The so-called divulgationisme, a simple comprehensible form of sharing scientific concepts, was soon used for other disciplines too and became one of the most important and appreciated characteristics of modern TV broadcasting. The documentary information found in Cousteau's words a linear scheme to follow. Now Cousteau's figure is admired, beloved worldwide through the many who love the sea, and is regarded to with a sort of devotion, as symbolic of adventure, nature and exploration. Jacques Cousteau died on June 25, 1997, and is buried in the Cousteau family plot at Saint-André-de-Cubzac Cemetery, Saint-André-de-Cubzac, France. This page about Cousteau includes information from a Wikipedia article. 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Jacques Cousteau died on June 25, 1997, and is buried in the Cousteau family plot at Saint-André-de-Cubzac Cemetery, Saint-André-de-Cubzac, France. Since then, she has allowed a PBS special to be made from archive footage as well as footage from the Croce family collection, in order to, in her words, "keep his legacy alive". Now Cousteau's figure is admired, beloved worldwide through the many who love the sea, and is regarded to with a sort of devotion, as symbolic of adventure, nature and exploration. Recently, his widow, Ingrid, was allowed to obtain from Jims daughter Heidieh the permissions for all of his songs. The documentary information found in Cousteau's words a linear scheme to follow. Croce was interred in the Haym Soloman Memorial Park cemetery in Frazer, Pennsylvania. The so-called divulgationisme, a simple comprehensible form of sharing scientific concepts, was soon used for other disciplines too and became one of the most important and appreciated characteristics of modern TV broadcasting. Several releases since have sold moderately well. The works that Cousteau produced also created a new kind of scientific communication that caused some criticism by formal academics. The posthumous release included three hits, "I Got a Name," "Workin' at the Car Wash Blues" and "I'll Have to Say I Love You in a Song". His work allowed people of all continents to visit life under the ocean's surface and explore through television the resources of the "blue continent". Croce died in a plane crash on September 20, 1973 in Natchitoches, Louisiana, only days before releasing the third ABC album, I Got a Name. He was in reality a sophisticated lover of nature, especially that of the sea. The singles "Time in a Bottle" (written for his newborn son, A.J., who is now an accomplished musician and songwriter in his own right,), "You Don't Mess Around with Jim" and "Operator (That's Not the Way It Feels)" helped the former album reach #1 on the charts in 1974. Cousteau liked to call himself an "oceanographic technician". He began playing music in college, finally signing to ABC in 1972, releasing You Don't Mess Around With Jim and Life & Times that year. In 1992 he was invited to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for the United Nations' international conference on environment and development, then he became a regular consultant the UN and the World Bank. Jim Croce (January 10, 1943 - September 20, 1973) was an American singer and songwriter. Cousteau claimed to his death that Bouboushian died fighting the monster, though many have claimed that foul play and jealousy may have been involved. Download sample of "Time in a Bottle". The exact circumstance of his assistant's death remain a matter of controversy. Live: The Final Tour (1990). He ended his attempts after Bouboushian's death. The Faces I've Been (1975). Together with his young assistant and alleged lover the Armenian émigré Hagop "Jack" Bouboushian, he conducted several dangerous dives, with the intention of photographing the monster. I Got a Name (1973). In 1985 Cousteau surprised many with his attempts to find the Loch Ness monster. Life & Times (1972). In 1977, together with Peter Scott, he received the UN international environment prize, and a few years later he also received the American Liberty Medal from Jimmy Carter, then president of the United States. You Don't Mess Around with Jim (1972). In 1974 he created the Cousteau Society for the protection of ocean life, which now has more than 300,000 members. Jim & Ingrid Croce (1969). The French ambassador already had suggested that Prince Rainier avoid the subject, but the president (allegedly) asked Cousteau in a friendly manner to be kind toward nuclear researchers, and Cousteau (allegedly) replied: "No sir, it is your researchers that ought to be kind toward us." During this discussion Cousteau found out that the reason for French experiments and research was American refusal to share its atomic secrets with its allies. Facets (1966). In Monaco, the following November, an official visit by the French president Charles de Gaulle turned into a debate on the events of October 1960 and on nuclear experiments in general. The train carrying the waste was stopped by women and children sitting on the railway, and was sent back to its origin. The risk was avoided. Cousteau organized a publicity campaign which gained wide popular support. In October 1960, a large amount of radioactive waste was going to be discarded in the sea by EURATOM. Cousteau's popularity was increasing. Cousteau was made director of the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco, created the Underseas Research Group in Toulon, was the leader of the Conshelf Saturation Dive Program (long-term immersion experiments, the first manned undersea colonies) and was one of the few foreigners that has been admitted to the American Academy of Sciences. The successful experiment was soon repeated in 1965 with two submarines that reached 500m. Together with Jean Mollard he created the SP-350, an two-man submarine that could reach a depth of 350m below the ocean's surface. In 1963 with Jean de Wouters Cousteau developed the an underwater camera named "Calypso-Phot" which was later licensed to Nikon and became the "Calypso-Nikkor" and then the "Nikonos". His work did a great deal to popularize knowledge of underwater biology. Cousteau won three Oscars for The Silent World, The Golden Fish and World Without Sun, as well as many other top awards including the Palme d'Or in 1956 at the Cannes Film Festival. During these trips he produced many books and films. Named the president of the French Oceanographic Campaigns, in 1950 he bought his famous ship Calypso, with which he visited the most interesting waters of the planet, including some rivers. In the post-WWII years, still a naval officer, he developed techniques for the minesweeping of France's harbors and explored shipwrecks. Among the things that prompted him to develop efficient air-breathing diving free-swimming diving gear, were two oxygen toxicity accidents that he had earlier with rebreathers. Married in 1937 to Simone Melchior, he took part in WWII, and during the conflict he found the time to be co-inventor, with Emile Gagnan, of the first type of SCUBA diving equipment, the Aqua-Lung in 1943. In 1936 he tested a model of underwater eyeglasses, perhaps the ancestors of modern masks. He was training to become a pilot, but a serious car accident ended his aviation career. In 1930 he was admitted to the École Navale (Naval Academy) in Brest and became a gunnery officer of the French Navy, which gave him the opportunity to make his first underwater experiments. Cousteau is generally known in France as le commandant Cousteau (Commander Cousteau). Cousteau was born in Saint André de Cubzac, France and died in Paris. Jacques-Yves Cousteau (June 11, 1910 - June 25, 1997) was a French naval officer, explorer and researcher who studied the sea and all forms of life in water. |