Corset

It has been suggested that Waist cincher be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) Hourglass corset from around 1880. It features a busk fastening at the front and lacing at the back.

A corset is a garment worn to mold and shape the torso into a desired shape for aesthetic or orthopaedic purposes (either for the duration of wearing it, or with a more lasting effect).

Both men and women have worn – and still wear – corsets.

Corsetry

The skill of making corsets is known as corsetry, as is the general wearing of them. Someone who makes corsets is a corsetier (for a man) or corsetière (for a woman), or sometimes simply a corsetmaker. The word corsetry is sometimes also used as a collective plural form of corset.

Uses

The most common use of corsets is to slim the body and make it conform to a fashionable silhouette. For women this most frequently emphasises a curvy figure, by reducing the waist, and thereby exaggerating the bust and hips. However, in some periods, corsets have been worn to achieve a tubular straight-up-and-down shape, which involves minimising the bust and hips.

For men, corsets are more customarily used to slim the figure. However, there was a period from around 1820 to 1835 when an hourglass figure (a small, nipped-in look to the waist) was also desirable for men; this was sometimes achieved by wearing a corset.

Woman having her corset laced tight, from an 1899 stereoscope card. Original caption: Reducing the Surplus. "Now, Pull Hard!" A small waist between a full bust and ample hips, such is the shibboleth of fashion, and the poor girl that relies on her figure to make a good impression, is sorely put to it, if nature has denied her the shape of a wasp or if she has not learned to rely on physical exercise to model her frame. A vigorous walk of ten miles a day, supplemented by ten minutes of lung gymnastics, would do wonders for her.

An overbust corset encloses the torso, extending from just under the arms to the hips. An underbust corset begins just under the breasts and extends down to the hips. Some corsets extend over the hips and, in very rare instances, reach the knees. A shorter kind of corset, which covers the waist area (from low on the ribs to just above the hips), is called a 'waist cincher'. A corset may also include garters to hold up stockings (alternatively a separate garter belt may be worn for that).

Normally a corset supports the visible dress, and spreads the pressure from large dresses, such as the crinoline and bustle. Sometimes the corset has been supported by a corset cover.

Construction

Corsets are typically constructed of a flexible material (like cloth or leather) stiffened with boning (also called ribs or stays) inserted into channels in the cloth or leather. In the Victorian period, steel and whalebone were favored. Plastic is now the most commonly used material; spring or spiral steel is preferred for high-quality corsets. Other materials used for boning include ivory, wood, and cane. (By contrast, a girdle is usually made of elasticized fabric, without boning.)

Corsets are held together by lacing, usually at the back. Tightening or loosening the lacing produces corresponding changes in the firmness of the corset. It is difficult — although not impossible — for a back-laced corset-wearer to do his or her own lacing. In the Victorian heyday of corsets, a well-to-do woman would be laced by her maid, a gentleman by his valet. However, many corsets also had a buttoned or hooked front opening called a busk. Once the lacing was adjusted comfortably, it was possible to leave the lacing as adjusted and take the corset on and off using the front opening (This removal method does not work if the corset is not sufficiently loose, and can potentially damage the busk). Self-lacing is also incompatible with tightlacing, which strives for the utmost possible reduction of the waist. Current tightlacers, lacking servants, are usually laced by spouses and partners..

Waist reduction

By wearing a tightly-laced corset for extended periods, known as tightlacing, men and women can learn to tolerate extreme waist constriction and reduce their natural waist size. Tightlacers usually aim for 40 to 43 centimeter (16 to 17 inch) waists. Until 1998, the Guinness Book of World Records listed Ethel Granger as having the smallest waist on record at 13". After 1998, the category changed to "smallest waist on a living person" and Cathie Jung took the title with a 15" waist. Other women, such as Polaire and Spook, also have achieved such reductions.

These are extreme cases. Corsets were and are usually designed for support, with freedom of body movement an important consideration in their design. Present day corset-wearers usually tighten the corset just enough to reduce their waists by 5 to 10 centimeters (2 to 4 inches); it is very difficult for a slender woman to achieve as much as 15 centimeters (6 inches), although larger women can do so more easily.

Corset comfort

A woman putting a corset on. She is wearing a chemise underneath, and the corset has bosom pads.

In the past, a woman's corset was usually worn over a garment called a chemise or shift, a sleeveless low-necked gown made of washable material (usually cotton or linen). It absorbed perspiration and kept the corset and the gown clean. In modern times, an undershirt or corset liner may be worn.

Moderate lacing is not incompatible with vigorous activity. Indeed, during the second half of the nineteenth century, when corset wearing was common, there were sport corsets specifically designed to wear while bicycling, playing tennis, or horseback riding, as well as for maternity wear.

Many people now believe that all corsets are uncomfortable and that wearing them restricted women's lives, citing Victorian literature devoted to sensible or hygienic dress. However, these writings were most apt to protest against the misuse of corsets for tightlacing; they were less vehement against corsets per se. Many reformers recommended "Emancipation bodices", which were essentially tightly-fitted vests, like full-torso corsets without boning. See Victorian dress reform.

Some modern day corset-wearers will testify that corsets can be comfortable, once one is accustomed to wearing them. A properly fitted corset should be comfortable. Women active in the Society for Creative Anachronism and historical reenactment groups commonly wear corsets as part of period costume, without complaint.

Modern history

Book cover for Fetish Fashion: Undressing the Corset Woman in a corset

The corset fell from fashion in the 1920s in Europe and America, replaced by girdles and elastic brassieres, but survived as an article of costume. Originally an item of lingerie, the corset has become a popular item of outerwear in the fetish, BDSM and goth subcultures.

In the fetish and BDSM literature, there is often much emphasis on tightlacing. In this case, the corset may still be underwear rather than outerwear. Another angle is the wearing of a corset while having an enema; the theory is that the corset prevents the belly distending, enhancing the effects of the enema. (Putting on the corset after giving the enema will almost certainly cause the enema to be expelled.)

There was a brief revival of the corset in the late 1940s and early 1950s, in the form of the waist cincher. This was used to give the hourglass figure dictated by Christian Dior's 'New Look'. However, use of the waist cincher was restricted to haute couture, and most women continued to use girdles. This revival was brief, as the New Look gave way to a less dramatically-shaped silhouette.

Since the late 1980s, the corset has experienced periodic revivals, which have usually originated in haute couture and which have occasionally trickled through to mainstream fashion. These revivals focus on the corset as an item of outerwear rather than underwear. The strongest of these revivals was seen in the Autumn 2001 fashion collections and coincided with the release of the film Moulin Rouge!, the costumes for which featured many corsets.

The majority of garments sold as corsets during these recent revivals cannot really be counted as corsets at all. While they often feature lacing and boning, and generally mimic a historical style of corset, they have very little effect on the shape of the wearer's body.

Advantages and disadvantages of corsets

  • Corsets can reduce pain and improve function for people with back problems or other muscular/skeletal disorders.
  • Some large-breasted women find corsets more comfortable than brassieres, because the weight of the breasts is carried by the whole corset rather than the brassiere's shoulder straps. (Straps can chafe or cut the skin.)
  • Corsets can instantly improve the figure without dieting, slimming drugs, or cosmetic surgery.
  • Due to their tightness and close proximity to the body, corsets can make the wearer feel very warm. They have been most often worn in cool climates.
  • The best corsets are custom made and personally-fitted. The more closely clothing or lingerie clings to the body, the more carefully it must be fitted to look and feel right. In modern times, when labour costs much more than materials, custom clothing can be extremely expensive. Even finding a competent corsetiere can be difficult.
  • A badly-fitting corset can chafe, impede digestion, damage ribs and pinch nerves.

Types and styles

The various types of corsets include:

  • Bondage corset or discipline corset
  • Hourglass corset
  • Redresseur corset
  • Training corset
  • Waist cincher

Styles include:

  • Wasp waist

Media


References and further reading


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. Production Manager: Karin Colenzo. Styles include:. Story Concept and Script Editor: Chris Metzen. The various types of corsets include:. Story and Dialog: Kurt Beaver, Stieg Hedlund, Matthew Householder, Phil Shenk, Robert Vieira. While they often feature lacing and boning, and generally mimic a historical style of corset, they have very little effect on the shape of the wearer's body. Additional Game Design: Eric Sexton.

The majority of garments sold as corsets during these recent revivals cannot really be counted as corsets at all. Level Design: Derek McAuley, Stefan Scandizzo, Grant Wilson. The strongest of these revivals was seen in the Autumn 2001 fashion collections and coincided with the release of the film Moulin Rouge!, the costumes for which featured many corsets. Additional Sound Effects: Joseph Lawrence Futurity. These revivals focus on the corset as an item of outerwear rather than underwear. Sound Design: Scott Peterson, Jonathan Stone, Matt Uelmen. Since the late 1980s, the corset has experienced periodic revivals, which have usually originated in haute couture and which have occasionally trickled through to mainstream fashion. Music: Matt Uelmen.

This revival was brief, as the New Look gave way to a less dramatically-shaped silhouette. Background Artists: Alan Ackerman, Ben Boos, David Glenn, Alex Munn, Mark Sutherland, Marc Tattersall, Fredrick Vaught. However, use of the waist cincher was restricted to haute couture, and most women continued to use girdles. Character Artists: John Kubasco, Cheeming Boey, Evan Carroll, Michael Dashow, Ben Haas, Kelly Johnson, Michio Okamura, Kris Renkewitz, Anthony Rivero, Christopher Root, Eric Sexton, Robert Steele, Patrick Tougas. This was used to give the hourglass figure dictated by Christian Dior's 'New Look'. Lead Character Artist: Phil Shenk. There was a brief revival of the corset in the late 1940s and early 1950s, in the form of the waist cincher. Programmers: Theodore Bisson, Peter Brevik, Doron Gartner, Peter Hu, Peter Kemmer, Doug McCreary, Jesse McReynolds, Jon Morin, Divo Palinkas, Jason Regier, Michael Scandizzo, Jonathan Stone, Tyler Thompson, Steven Woo.

(Putting on the corset after giving the enema will almost certainly cause the enema to be expelled.). Lead Programmer: Rick Seis. Another angle is the wearing of a corset while having an enema; the theory is that the corset prevents the belly distending, enhancing the effects of the enema. Design: Stieg Hedlund. In this case, the corset may still be underwear rather than outerwear. Technical Producer: Michael Huang. In the fetish and BDSM literature, there is often much emphasis on tightlacing. Kern, Kenneth Williams.

Originally an item of lingerie, the corset has become a popular item of outerwear in the fetish, BDSM and goth subcultures. Producer: Mark E. The corset fell from fashion in the 1920s in Europe and America, replaced by girdles and elastic brassieres, but survived as an article of costume. Senior Producer: Matthew Householder, Bill Roper. Women active in the Society for Creative Anachronism and historical reenactment groups commonly wear corsets as part of period costume, without complaint. Executive Producer: Michael Morhaime. A properly fitted corset should be comfortable. Project and Design Leads: David Brevik, Erich Schaefer, Max Schaefer.

Some modern day corset-wearers will testify that corsets can be comfortable, once one is accustomed to wearing them. Among fans, this has resulted in elevated hopes for a Diablo III release. See Victorian dress reform. Listings for various game development positions within the Diablo team were simultaneously listed, as well. Many reformers recommended "Emancipation bodices", which were essentially tightly-fitted vests, like full-torso corsets without boning. However, in early 2006, Blizzard posted a job opportunity on its website, stating: "The team behind Diablo I and II is looking for a talented, motivated, and experienced Art Director to help lead our art team in developing beautiful, cohesive game worlds for an unannounced PC Project and future projects." [1]. However, these writings were most apt to protest against the misuse of corsets for tightlacing; they were less vehement against corsets per se. Rumors of a sequel to Diablo II have been, for the most part, entirely insubstantial.

Many people now believe that all corsets are uncomfortable and that wearing them restricted women's lives, citing Victorian literature devoted to sensible or hygienic dress. Also, there exists a special item set called "Cow King's Leathers", consisting of studded leather, a war hat, and heavy boots, that can only be found on the Secret Cow Level. Indeed, during the second half of the nineteenth century, when corset wearing was common, there were sport corsets specifically designed to wear while bicycling, playing tennis, or horseback riding, as well as for maternity wear. This may or may not be a reply to WoW players (non-seriously) asking for one. Moderate lacing is not incompatible with vigorous activity. A small reference to the cow level has been spotted in World of Warcraft, in the form of a loading screen tip saying "there is no cow level". In modern times, an undershirt or corset liner may be worn. A Lightning enchanted monster in the secret cow level is usually The Cow King.

It absorbed perspiration and kept the corset and the gown clean. The most popular way to spot The Cow King in a game is to look out for a cow that creates 'charged bolts' (Lightning Enchanted) when attacked. In the past, a woman's corset was usually worn over a garment called a chemise or shift, a sleeveless low-necked gown made of washable material (usually cotton or linen). Killing The Cow King in this fashion would not result in the original player being exempt from opening portals to the cow level. Present day corset-wearers usually tighten the corset just enough to reduce their waists by 5 to 10 centimeters (2 to 4 inches); it is very difficult for a slender woman to achieve as much as 15 centimeters (6 inches), although larger women can do so more easily. A loophole in this event was for players to open the cow level with one character, and then exit the game and enter with another character to kill the cows. Corsets were and are usually designed for support, with freedom of body movement an important consideration in their design. Doing so will result in that character being unable to open future secret cow levels of that difficulty.

These are extreme cases. It is important to note that the character who opened the portal to the secret cow level must be careful not to kill The Cow King. Other women, such as Polaire and Spook, also have achieved such reductions. However, Blizzard has now programmed the game to only give experience to characters near to where monsters are killed, and the Mlvl(monster level) and Clvl(character level) must now be closer together or a very minimal amount of experience is awarded per kill. After 1998, the category changed to "smallest waist on a living person" and Cathie Jung took the title with a 15" waist. Characters were previously able to stand near the portal to a Cow Level from a very low level and rocket up in levels very quickly as cows were killed. Until 1998, the Guinness Book of World Records listed Ethel Granger as having the smallest waist on record at 13". This changed, somewhat, with the release of patch 1.10, halving the cows' experience rate and item drops.

Tightlacers usually aim for 40 to 43 centimeter (16 to 17 inch) waists. The cow level granted so many experience points and cows dropped so many unique and rare items, that soon Battle.net was filled with endless "cow" games, especially because it was very easy for characters such as Amazons, Barbarians and particulary Sorceresses to complete it quickly. By wearing a tightly-laced corset for extended periods, known as tightlacing, men and women can learn to tolerate extreme waist constriction and reduce their natural waist size. This will open a portal to the secret level. Current tightlacers, lacking servants, are usually laced by spouses and partners.. To access the level, one must kill Diablo (or, in Lord of Destruction, kill Baal), return to Rogue Encampment in Act I within the same difficulty level, and then combine Wirt's Leg with a Tome of Town Portal in the Horadric Cube. Self-lacing is also incompatible with tightlacing, which strives for the utmost possible reduction of the waist. However, there really was a cow level in the sequel, Diablo II.

Once the lacing was adjusted comfortably, it was possible to leave the lacing as adjusted and take the corset on and off using the front opening (This removal method does not work if the corset is not sufficiently loose, and can potentially damage the busk). To quell the rumor, Blizzard included a cheat (that automatically won the game) in StarCraft that read "There is no cow level" (implying no secret cow levels in Diablo). However, many corsets also had a buttoned or hooked front opening called a busk. This added fuel to the fire. In the Victorian heyday of corsets, a well-to-do woman would be laced by her maid, a gentleman by his valet. In Diablo: Hellfire, the only official expansion to the original Diablo, it was possible to change a parameter in a specific .ini file so that the farmer who gives out the "rune bomb" quest was dressed in a cow suit, with appropriate new dialogue ("Moo." "I said Moo!"). It is difficult — although not impossible — for a back-laced corset-wearer to do his or her own lacing. The rumor was a hoax, but the legend was born, and player after player asked Blizzard about how to access the level.

Tightening or loosening the lacing produces corresponding changes in the firmness of the corset. The "Secret Cow Level" is the result of a running joke from the original Diablo that spawned from an internet rumor about a cow which, if you clicked on it a certain number of times, was reported to open a portal to a secret level. Corsets are held together by lacing, usually at the back. A good example here is a small dagger, or Dirk, called The Diggler, which is based on the main character of the movie Boogie Nights called Dirk Diggler. (By contrast, a girdle is usually made of elasticized fabric, without boning.). Additionally, other items are references to movies or books. Other materials used for boning include ivory, wood, and cane. Examples of locations taken from development team:.

Plastic is now the most commonly used material; spring or spiral steel is preferred for high-quality corsets. Examples of item names taken from the developer team:. In the Victorian period, steel and whalebone were favored. Examples of monster names taken from the development team:. Corsets are typically constructed of a flexible material (like cloth or leather) stiffened with boning (also called ribs or stays) inserted into channels in the cloth or leather. Examples of item names that are anagrams of developer names:. Sometimes the corset has been supported by a corset cover. Many of the people, items and places in Diablo II are named after Blizzard employees and their loved ones.

Normally a corset supports the visible dress, and spreads the pressure from large dresses, such as the crinoline and bustle. Many gameplay features were changed from the first Diablo, including:. A corset may also include garters to hold up stockings (alternatively a separate garter belt may be worn for that). The ladder is periodically reset, making all characters previously listed on the ladder become non-ladder. A shorter kind of corset, which covers the waist area (from low on the ribs to just above the hips), is called a 'waist cincher'. Ladder characters are ranked on the ladder, and may not interact with non-ladder characters as of patch 1.10. Some corsets extend over the hips and, in very rare instances, reach the knees. Softcore characters can be resurrected when killed, while hardcore characters become unplayable upon their first death making them a very risky proposition for even the most experienced players.

An underbust corset begins just under the breasts and extends down to the hips. Players can create characters to play in "softcore", "hardcore", "softcore ladder", or "hardcore ladder" modes. An overbust corset encloses the torso, extending from just under the arms to the hips. If a character isn't played for a span of 3 months it gets automatically deleted by Battle.net. However, there was a period from around 1820 to 1835 when an hourglass figure (a small, nipped-in look to the waist) was also desirable for men; this was sometimes achieved by wearing a corset. Characters can only be played within a game. For men, corsets are more customarily used to slim the figure. From dueling channels to trading channels, players can meet up with others to talk, arrange duels, trade, etc.

However, in some periods, corsets have been worn to achieve a tubular straight-up-and-down shape, which involves minimising the bust and hips. As there are different games for different purposes, there are different channels for players to enter and use to chat. For women this most frequently emphasises a curvy figure, by reducing the waist, and thereby exaggerating the bust and hips. Up to eight players are allowed in each "game", each of which is basically identical to single-player Diablo 2 worlds, except that other players may join. The most common use of corsets is to slim the body and make it conform to a fashionable silhouette. Players can create unlimited accounts with a maximum of eight characters per account, though only one character can be played at a time (if a CD-key is registered and in use by one player it cannot be used simultaneously by someone else). The word corsetry is sometimes also used as a collective plural form of corset. There are generally many more cheats on the open realm because character data can be altered locally.

Someone who makes corsets is a corsetier (for a man) or corsetière (for a woman), or sometimes simply a corsetmaker. Each realm is comprised of several servers, and allows for two different methods of connecting: there is the closed realm, where all character data is stored on the Battle.net servers, and there is the open realm where all player data is stored on the player's computer. The skill of making corsets is known as corsetry, as is the general wearing of them. The Diablo II section of Battle.net consists of a global online community made up of tens of thousands of people who connect to six primary realms across the globe: two in the United States (East and West), one in Europe, and three in Asia. . At one point it was believed to prevent the wearer from losing experince points when they die, but that was later disproven. Both men and women have worn – and still wear – corsets. It has a level 90 requirement.

A corset is a garment worn to mold and shape the torso into a desired shape for aesthetic or orthopaedic purposes (either for the duration of wearing it, or with a more lasting effect). This item doesn't actually do anything;, it may have been put in confuse a Pickit Hack, or to prevent greedy players from grabing the Torch immediatey. Website containing information and photographs about corsets & corseting through the ages, including celebrity photographs. In addition, a Standard of Heroes is dropped for each player in the level. Ann Beaumont has published the series "Corseting the Human Body". This charm grants +3 to skills for a specific character class, and provides other nice bonuses. At the same site, Dr. When all three are dead, the last one killed drops a unique large charm , called the Hellfire Torch.

Two doctors' opinions and advice on corset wearing can be found at the website of the Long Island Staylace Association. This opens a portal to "Über Tristram", where there are more powerful versions of the three Prime Evils (Mephisto, Diablo, and Baal). Routledge (December 1, 1990), ISBN 0878305262. The body parts must be combined with the Horadric Cube while standing in the Act 5 town (again on Hell difficulty). Norah Waugh, Corsets and Crinolines. When killed the Mini-Übers each drop a body part Izual drops Mephisto's Brain, Duriel drops Baal's Eye and Lilith drops Diablo's horn. ISBN 1931160066. Combining all three keys in the Horadric Cube while in the act 5 town (Hell difficulty) will open one of three portals where the player must fight one of three "Mini-Übers", Über Izual, Über Duriel or Lilith (Über Andariel).

Larry Utley, Autumn Carey-Adamme, Fetish Fashion: Undressing the Corset Green Candy Press, 2002. When killing the Countess in the bottom of the Tower in the Black Marsh of Act 1, The Summoner in the Arcane Sanctuary of Act 2, and Nihlathak in the Halls of Vaught in Act 5, there is a chance (approximately 1 in 30) that they will drop "Keys", the Key of Terror, the Key of Hate, and the Key of Destruction. Yale University Press, 2001, ISBN 0300099533. Added in the 1.11 patch for Diablo II released on August 1, 2005, the Pandemonium Quest is a late-game Battle.net-only quest possibly intended to break the monotony of never-ending Baal runs on Hell difficulty, which is where most play took place in 1.10. Valerie Steele, The Corset: A Cultural History. In addition, the fifth act offers hireable barbarians that can use Barbarian-specific gear, although they can only use the skills Stun and Bash from the Barbarian's skill tree. Wasp waist. The second act hirelings, for example, previously notorious for dying quickly, have many extra abilities (including auras).

Waist cincher. Moreover, there were many improvements to hirelings in general to make them more viable as actual help. Training corset. They can be equipped with weapons, healed, and they also become stronger with experience. Redresseur corset. Hirelings persist for as long as they are wanted, and they can be resurrected for a fee that varies with their level. Hourglass corset. Luckily, Diablo II: Lord of Destruction improved on this concept.

Bondage corset or discipline corset. In the original Diablo II, mercenaries couldn't be ressurected and did not follow the character from act to act. A badly-fitting corset can chafe, impede digestion, damage ribs and pinch nerves. There are no mercenaries in Act IV, but in Act V you can hire a barbarian with a sword. Even finding a competent corsetiere can be difficult. In the Act III, one of three elemental mages can be hired. In modern times, when labour costs much more than materials, custom clothing can be extremely expensive. In Act II, a spear-wielding mercenary is available.

The more closely clothing or lingerie clings to the body, the more carefully it must be fitted to look and feel right. In Act I, a Rogue hireling (as in the original Diablo) is available. The best corsets are custom made and personally-fitted. Different mercenaries are available in each encampment. They have been most often worn in cool climates. Diablo II allows the player to hire mercenaries in the towns of Act I, II, III and V. Due to their tightness and close proximity to the body, corsets can make the wearer feel very warm. Unless you are already using a mercenary, you can gain a free Act 1 mercenary from killing Blood Raven.

Corsets can instantly improve the figure without dieting, slimming drugs, or cosmetic surgery. You can hire mercenaries in Acts II, III, and IV anytime you're there. (Straps can chafe or cut the skin.). To be able to hire a mercenary in Act 1, you must kill Blood Raven after receiving the quest from 'Kashya' in the Rogue Encampment, or have reached level 8. Some large-breasted women find corsets more comfortable than brassieres, because the weight of the breasts is carried by the whole corset rather than the brassiere's shoulder straps. It is also possible to combine rune combinations into socketable items to create crazily powerful items. Corsets can reduce pain and improve function for people with back problems or other muscular/skeletal disorders. Again, the attributes change accordingly to each rune as well as where it is socketed.

Their attributes can range anywhere from '+75 poison damage over 2 seconds' to 'Knockback' in weapons. Runes The most powerful things that can be socketed, runes are found only in LoD. Found only in LoD. Jewels Jewels vary in their attributes, and must be identified with scrolls of identify.

Skulls:. Diamonds:. Amethysts:. Topazes:.

Emeralds:. Rubies:. Sapphires:. The following values are for the perfect forms of the gems:.

You can upgrade gems by placing three identical gems into the Horadric cube, then transmuting them to get one of the next level. GEMS: Gems vary in value, ranging from 'Chipped' to 'Perfect'; as the gem value gets higher, its attributes become more powerful. As such, it behaves much like a bag of holding, increasing carrying capacity. The Cube occupies four units of inventory space in a 2×2 configuration, but it can to hold 12 units of items in a space measuring three units wide by four units tall.

With Diablo II: Lord of Destruction, the Horadric Cube can endow items with random properties not found on items dropped by monsters. For example, 3 partial rejuvenation potions may be combined to produce a full rejuvenation potion. This is an in-game artifact, attained in Act II, that can transmute items into other items. One interesting new component is the "Horadric Cube".

Each set contains from 2 to 6 items. With the Diablo II: Lord of Destruction expansion, there are a total of 15 normal item sets and 15 exceptional/elite item sets. the whole of the set is greater than the sum the bonuses of each individual item. These bonuses are not available with only one item of a set or a variety of different sets; i.e.

For example, a character wearing all the items in "Milabrega's Set", will be rewarded with bonuses in addition to those provided by each of the items . When some or all of the items in a certain collection are equipped by a certain character they become more powerful. Set items all form part of a small collection, or set. In the expansion, Blizzard North reduced the chance of a good rare drop.

Prior to the expansion, rares were highly desirable due to its many modifiers. Rare item names are displayed in yellow text. These are more rare than the regular magic items, and can contain more magic modifiers but are not necessarily better. People were known to spend hours on end hunting for perfectly maximized jewels, until several new runewords appeared that made that whole process semi-obsolete.

While all gems of a certain type would do the same thing in any item, (for example, putting a ruby into a weapon always grants fire damage) jewels granted randomly-spawned enchantments, sometimes as many as 6 effects to a single slot. Alongside of gems and runes are the infamous jewels, which could create massively powerful items. In Diablo II: Lord of Destruction, runes are introduced to further improve in this area, allowing players to create pseudo-unique items by arranging the runes to form "runewords", usually with massive benefits. Some weapons can be socketed with gems that convey additional abilities.

While Diablo provided for almost no item customization, Diablo II improves in this area considerably. There are several new game concepts introduced in Diablo II absent in its predecessor. This character class sports expertise in wands and daggers. The Necromancer's skill tree is based around summoning creatures and cursing the minions of the undead.

Through their wisdom, these "Necromancers" have learned not to question the threshold of mortality, but to accept it as a part of life. Living deep underground, these magi have learned how to raise the undead to fight for them. In Diablo 2, the Priests of Rathma are a segregated group of magi that study the concept of mortality. However, Bonemacers are still one of the best players in PvP.

After the release of the 1.11 patch this build was extremely hindered, as the items would no longer give you the synergy from the charges. This was due to an exploit that caused the player to have level 33 bone prison synergy while having the boots Marrowwalk equipped on your character. During the 1.10 patch the strongest of the necromancers would be "Bonemancers", which were a common build that utilized Bonespear and Bonespirit as its main attack while adding 0 points to the synergy known as bone prison. Theses types of Necros arent as common as the "Bonemancers".

Also, make extensive use of golems as well as Skeleton Mastery; being commander of a couple elite skeletons is better than a lot of weak ones. Using a Skelliemancer or "Summoner" can get extremely frustrating in certain areas: the close quarters of the Maggot Lair in Act II makes minions fall behind fairly quickly; the only way to counter this is to use lots of Skeleton-mages and moving slowly. Generally, Amplify Damage and Decrepify are most used. To prevent one's self from being the commander of a heap of bones, Skelliemancers or "Summoners" have to make use of the Curse tree.

However, the fun element of these Necromancers is watered down when hard bosses are encountered, such as the Council in Act III that can destroy skeletons and golems fairly easily. Skelliemancers or "Summoners" can be enjoyable to play due to the character being able to control an army of minions. However, the element of a Bonemancer that makes playing fun is the penetrating element of Bone spear as well as the homing ability of Bone Spirit, both of which can do considerable damage. Bone Wall and Bone Prison proved useful for getting out of hairy spots and trapping unaware players in PvP.

Players today generally find the Bonemancer to be the easiest build. For more details, see Diablo II: Lord of Destruction. The arrival of the expansion pack heralded a dark age for the necromancer, and while the class is very powerful in the later patches, this power boost went mainly towards one specific build, the Skelliemancer Or "Summoner". Revive, which raises a dead monster to fight for you, and Iron Maiden, a damage-reflecting curse, were a powerful combo similar to the Conversion + Thorns paladin build, and the life stealing Blood Golem interacted with Iron Maiden, causing it to gain life when it was attacked and rendering it essentially immune to normal attacks.

The radius of Corpse Explosion was reduced in 1.03, encouraging necromancers to look at other skill options. When one monster went down, all one had to do was cast Amplify Damage on the pack and blow up the corpse, killing all other monsters in one blast. Prior to 1.03, the Corpse Explosion spell was the best skill in the game. The necromancer has always been an unbalanced character, due to its reliance on corpses and percentage damage effects.

The Necromancer can cast spells From the Summoning, Poison & Bone, and Curses skill trees. Curses such as "Terror" cause groups of creatures to flee, allowing Necromancers to herd and manage the flow of hostile creatures attacking the party. For example, the curse "Attract" causes enemies near the target creature to attack it. In party-oriented play, some of the most powerful skills affect the monster AI.

His summoning abilities allow the necromancer to raise skeletons, a variety of golems, and even former enemies. Also rather than being cast on the character, they are cast on a limited number of enemies. His curses are similar to a paladin's enemy-affecting auras, but they are more powerful and limited in duration, range, and effect. He does possess direct damage in the form of poison and bone-based spells, but his most specialized abilities are curses and summons.

Whereas the sorceress relies on elemental damage, the necromancer is more subtle. The necromancer is a magician like the sorceress, but in a different way. They are used by parties as a location finder, such as waypoints, boss lairs, etc. The Sorceress' teleport is used extensively for getting to a boss quickly.

Magic find equipment generally doesn't have the best attributes (apart from the magic-find %), which is fine for the Sorceress which teleports out of harm's way quickly and attacks from range. Magic finding involves using equipment with special mods to increase the chance that random item drops will be top level Rare and Unique equipment. Sorceress are used extensively for 'Mfing', or Magic finding. Since the main fire and lightning spells do not have a delay timer, it allows them to cast their spells at an incredible rate, in excess of 3 times a second, while teleporting out of danger at amazing speeds.

After synergies were introduced, some Fire and Lightning sorceresses aim to get 200% faster cast rate. For more details, see Diablo II: Lord of Destruction. Focusing on faster cast rate equipment to cast spells as fast as possible was no longer feasible, and the players started to gravitate towards +to skills items to increase their spell damage instead. Patch 1.07 and the expansion changed sorceress gameplay immensely, due to the newly implemented skill timers and reduced mana costs on the more expensive spells.

Many looked down upon this "strategy" and the players who used it. The most common build repeatedly cast Static Field to quickly reduce the health of nearby enemies to a sliver, then used the Frozen Orb spell, which spins out a globe that showers the area with ice shards, to deliver the death blow. The "tweaker" sorceress build, using as many FCR items as possible, could cast three or more spells per second, backed by high-level Warmth and a large mana pool. This was not an effective option, though, and soon the attention shifted to faster cast rate items.

At first, most sorceress builds revolved around getting as many skill level bonus items as possible to increase damage. Their one saving grace was the spell Static Field, which causes 25% of the enemy's hit points in damage to all enemies within its radius and was considered overpowered by even sorceress players themselves. Most sorceress builds had serious mana issues, prompting them to maximize Warmth to increase their mana regeneration rate, which took valuable skill points away from their direct damage skills. Her spells were lacking in damage, due to the fact that once they were at maximum skill level, not much else could be done to increase their damage.

Prior to the expansion pack, the sorceress was fairly weak. The Sorceress can cast spells From the Cold, Lightning, and Fire skill trees. One large benefit is the fact that the sorceress's cold spells make it easier for everyone to stay alive, by immobilizing their foes. The weak points are strength and defense.

The strong points of Sorceress are powerful damaging spells and mobility (teleporting quickly), which is valuable in multiplayer games. Fire spells usually have a more consistent damage range, with the most popular skill Fireball doing about 20,000 damage or more. (A corpse can be used by some enemies as an attack or can be revived by other enemies to fight again.) The main lightning spells have huge damage ranges, doing anywhere from 1 to 25,000 or even 1 to 50,000 damage. Moreover, any chilled or frozen enemies may shatter instead of leaving a corpse.

Her cold-based spells have the benefit of chilling affected enemies (slowing them down) or freezing them (stopping them completely). The Sorceress focuses on ranged elemental spells in three areas: cold, lightning, and fire. After 1.10, however, this strategy is no longer viable: auras now either change instantly or with unreliable speed. The result would be two simultaneous auras, one augmenting the paladin's abilities and one weakening an enemy's.

Because the effect of an aura on allies (and enemies) is slightly delayed and because it persists for a few seconds even if switched immediately, a paladin could switch on an enemy-affecting aura, wait for it to "stick" onto the enemies, and then quickly "flash" to a personal aura. Before patch 1.10, a technique known as "flashing" was common. Thanks to the "synergy" boosts added to skills (including Blessed Hammer) in patch 1.10, the Hammerdin is still widely considered the strongest all-around character type in the game today, able to do up to 8,000 damage once all the synergies are maxed with concentration and great items. If the skill is maxed, each hammer can deal over 10,000 damage (17,000 in 1.11), with enough skill bonuses from items.

This resulted in the infamous hammerdin, an odd caster build capable of killing any normal monster in the game in a few hits. Originally a weak and hard to aim magical attack, until it was discovered that the Concentration aura affected Blessed Hammer as well. Then Blessed Hammer was discovered to be useful. Thus when used, you can do massive elemental damage to your opponent with just one hit.

Another great strategy is "Vengeance", which adds fire, lightning and cold damage to your attacks , and the aura, "Conviction", which reduces your enemies elemental resistances and defence. Unfortunately, nothing else in his skill trees was quite as good, and the class slipped into obscurity. This build cleared the hardest levels with ease, so it came as no surprise that it was weakened in patch 1.03. Conversion is a normal melee attack that has a chance to convert the target to fight for you, and Thorns is an aura that causes anyone who attacks a party member to take a large amount of damage in return.

When the game was released, the Conversion + Thorns skill combo was extremely effective. The class has a staggering number of useless auras, and the anti-undead idea did not work in practice due to the lack of actual undead in the harder areas. The paladin was usually seen as one of the weaker characters, with too much emphasis on boosting his allies and too little damage to fend for himself. The Paladin can cast spells From the Defensive Auras, Combat Skills, and Offensive Auras skill trees.

The more powerful the shield, the more damage he can deal with it (also, paladins typically have the best "blocking" rate). The Paladin is the only character able to use his shield as a weapon in a smite attack. The Paladin also has access to great strength and health and, because the auras do not generally require mana to activate, is not heavily restricted by heavy mana consumption. These passive auras, which can enhance personal abilities, lower the amount of damage dealt by enemies or recover health and can add considerable complexity to the class because only one aura can be active at a time.

His specialty, however, lies in auras that buff himself and his party. To reflect this, the Paladin has combat skills ranging from fanatical attacks to anti-undead spells. The Paladin is a warrior fighting for all that is good. With the 1.11 patch, a Frenzy-based barbarian became very popular after an in-game clan showed with several successful Uber-Tristram runs that the build is second only to the Smiter (paladin).

Thus, a popular build involves a maximum contribution to battle orders and concentration. Major changes in the 1.10 patch have made certain low level skills augment higher level skills and vice versa. The Achilles' Heel of this strategy is that some monsters (and Necromancer player characters) can cast a curse that returns damage back to the barbarian equals to several times the amount he deals, most certainly killing him if he spins into a large crowd and delivers massive amounts. One also must be careful not to spin into a crowd of monsters, as once a spin is started it can't be stopped.

Whirlwind requires skill to control, and one can take down hard bosses by making circles around the perimeter of the boss so all his hits land on the boss. Whirlwind has many uses: It allows the player to spin through a crowd of enemies, damaging each greatly, or it can carve a path out of a crowd if the character is surrounded. Most Barbarians make use of the skills Iron Skin, Battle Orders, Whirlwind, and Combat Masteries. Barbarian strategy typically follows only one guideline with small variations.

With damage to spare, very high natural life and the life and mana-increasing Battle Orders spell, a well-built barbarian in 1.00 to 1.06 was almost indestructible and was the main "power-leveling" character. The Whirlwind skill, a mad spinning charge, was highly overpowered in the first release of the game, and was reduced in damage in patch 1.03, made dependent on weapon speed in the expansion and it is still one of the best melee skills in the game. This character was the damage powerhouse in the early history of Diablo II. The Barbarian can cast spells from the Warcries, Combat Masteries, and Combat Skills skill trees.

The barbarian's combat skills are attacks that maximize brute force, his greatest asset. Warcries differ from the auras of the paladin in that they are single-use and impermanent. His warcries are essentially radial skills (skills which are only effective within a certain radius of the player) that enhance his and his party's ability in combat, or reduce the ability of the enemy. The masteries are purely passive and allow the Barbarian to specialize in different types of melee weapons and to gain natural speed and resistances.

His skills are divided into various weapon masteries, warcries, and combat skills. The Barbarian is by far the most powerful melee fighting character on a pound-per-pound basis and apparently the only one in the original Diablo II (not Lord Of Destruction), who is able to dual-wield one-handed weapons. In the other 2 skill trees, points are spent on the most popular/effect skills such as lightning strike, multiple shot, etc., bypassing all other skills by donating 1 skill point to each prerequisite. These builds generally concentrate on passive skills trees that improve preparation and defence.

One of the more popular amazon builds is the bowazon/javazon in the expansion which allows the characters to equip 2 sets of weapons. Amazons have fairly effective crowd control skills, mostly stemming from the "Multiple Shot" skill, which splits a single arrow or bolt show into multiple, all heading in the same direction. Extremely useful in PvP but often despised when used. So, it turns around 180 degrees and goes through the same enemy again and does this many times, effectively tripling or quadrupling one shot.

Under normal circumstances the arrow will continue forward in its path, but because of the auto-seeking nature of this skill, it targets the nearest enemy - which is the one it has just penetrated. When the arrow penetrates the enemy, it does not disappear but instead goes through its body. When coupled with another skill that automatically seeks out the enemy (similar to a homing/guided missile), it became very deadly. A passive skill in her skill tree allows her a percentage chance to fire arrows straight through their targets (higher the skill, higher the percentage; tops near 35 percent).

Amazons became popular in the earlier days due to a exploit in the game. The most popular weapons for this character are: Windforce (a legendary, ultra-elite, ultra-rare item once considered to be the most expensive item in the game, Lord Of Destruction only), Buriza Ballista (A crossbow; though an elite item, it is very easy to find or obtain with some trading) and Titan's Revenge (main weapon for amazons, this is because an amazon skill allows it to deal massive damage). Amazon is one of the more popular classes in Diablo II. The Amazon can use skills from the Javelin & Spear, Passive & Magic, and Bow & Crossbow skill trees.

The Amazon is different in that she can also use javelins and spears adeptly. The Amazon is most similar to the Rogue of Diablo: both are primarily associated with bows and crossbows, and both are middle points between pure strength and pure magic. Her skills are oriented around personal (generally passive) protective abilities, the use of a bow and arrow (whose abilities are linked with the elements of fire and ice), as well as the spear and javelin (whose abilities are linked with the elements of lightning and poison). While the Barbarian relies on brute strength and weapon skills, and the Paladin on auras and other special abilities, many of the Amazon's abilities require far more attention.

The Amazon is an "active skill"-oriented fighter. The third brother, Baal, is encountered in Act 5, which is added by the Diablo II: Lord of Destruction expansion pack. The rest of the story is revealed through the four acts, as the player eventually confronts Diablo and his brother Mephisto. The player plays a character in the wake of the destruction, following the Dark Wanderer, hoping to halt him.

He is compelled to follow the Wanderer for reasons he himself does not understand. In the opening scene of Diablo II, Marius, the narrator of the story, witnesses the hero (known as the Dark Wanderer) totally lose control, unleashing the demons of hell upon a tavern. Before long, Diablo is more in control than the hero. However, the hero is rapidly corrupted by Diablo and quickly begins to lose control.

The hero then takes Diablo's soulstone (a device that is used to bind the soul of any demon or angel) and puts it into his own body, hoping to contain his soul for all eternity. At the end of Diablo, Diablo, the Lord of Terror, was defeated. The story of Diablo II takes place soon after the end of the original Diablo. Monsters, PvM), groups of players with specific sets of complementary skills can finish some of the game's climactic battles in a matter of seconds, providing strong incentives for party-oriented character builds.

As the game can be played cooperatively (Players vs. These players are often called Pkers (Player Killers) by the Battle.Net community. random assaults of other players) led to a community of certain PvPers finding ways to interfere with other high-level parties, or repetitively wipe out low-level players. PvP play outside the framework of duels (i.e.

player (PvP) combat, rewarding victors with piles of gold and the severed ear of their enemy. As an added dimension, Diablo II allows players to engage in competitive player vs. Completion of the game on one difficulty level allows progression to the next. However, advanced equipment ("exceptional" and "elite" items) is available only in the higher difficulty levels.

For example, in the Hell level of difficulty, every monster encountered is immune to one or more elements, and therefore unaffected by a certain type of damage such as cold, fire, lightning, poison, physical or magical damage. On the second and third, monsters deal more damage and are generally harder to defeat. In addition to the four/five acts there are also three difficulty levels: Normal, Nightmare and Hell. Each act culminates with the destruction of a boss type monster.

Each act follows a predetermined path with preselected quests, although most of the maps themselves are randomly generated, in single player mode, the map is randomly generated but sticks to the setting thereafter, in multiplayer mode, it resets each time you restart. The Diablo II storyline is played through four acts, five with Lord of Destruction. The Diablo II expansion pack, Lord of Destruction, adds two new classes: the Druid and Assassin. Each character has different strengths and weaknesses and sets of skills to choose from.

Classic Diablo II allows the player to choose between five different characters; Necromancer, Amazon, Barbarian, Sorceress and Paladin. While fairly old for today's standards, the game continues to be one of the world's most played online games. Diablo II was a runaway success for Blizzard, and still is. The game uses an isometric oblique top-down viewpoint.

The differences between Diablo II and a regular RPG is the greater emphasis on combat in Diablo II and the large amount of randomness in monster properties, level layouts and item drops. Players pick one of five heroes (seven with the Lord of Destruction expansion pack) and fight monsters to level up their character and gain better items. Diablo II is an action-RPG released in July 2000 by Blizzard Entertainment. .

An expansion to Diablo II, Diablo II: Lord of Destruction, was released in 2001, and is now at version 1.11b. It has also become the 9th best selling computer game and number one best selling RPG for the PC, selling around four million copies. Diablo II may be played as a single player game, multi-player via a LAN or serverless TCP/IP, or multi-player via Battle.net, with the latter being the most popular. Major factors that contributed to Diablo II's success include what fans found to be addictive hack and slash gameplay and free access to Battle.net.

By 2001, Diablo II had become one of the most popular online games ever. Diablo II was developed by Blizzard North. It was released for both Microsoft Windows and Mac OS in 2000 by Blizzard Entertainment. Diablo II, sequel to the popular Diablo, is an action-oriented adventure with role-playing game elements in a hack and slash or "Dungeon Roaming" style.

The Halls of Vaught = Fredrick Vaught. Schaefer's Mallet = Erich/Max Schaefer. Civerb's set = surnames of David Brevik and Peter Brevik, spelled backwards (and replacing the 'k' with a 'c'). Shenk the Overseer = Phil Shenk.

Lord de Seis = Rick Seis. Colenzo the Annihilator = Karin Colenzo. Skewer (of) Krinitz = Kris Renkewitz. Rixot’s Keen = Erik Sexton.

Rusthandle = (Mark) Sutherland. Bverrit Keep = Peter Brevik. (The) Mahim-Oak Curio = Michio Okamura. Nokozan Relic = Karin Colenzo.

Items left on the ground disappear after around 10 minutes, even if a character remains near them. Players now have a specified trading system, instead of just dropping items onto the ground for others. Players also cannot go hostile/duel with other players below level 9. If a user turns hostile toward you, or makes him/herself able to attack you instead of enemies, they MUST be in town and you will be made aware.

In the multi-player version you cannot be randomly "PK"ed (Player Killed) by another user without warning. It was, somehow, replaced by Cold damage and Poison damage, however several necromancer "bone" skills, paladin and barbarian skills do use Magical attacks. Although Magical damage still exists, it can no longer be resisted with the use of items. Inclusion of monster health and experience indicating meters.

Stashes in towns to store items, as opposed to leaving items in town's grounds. Simplified, icon based store system, replacing the text based system. Increases in the average amount of monster, player and item attributes. Bows and missile weapons now require arrows to fire.

Monsters can now be attacked as long as the mouse buttons are held. Inclusion of running and stamina system. Monsters now respawn after saving. Ability to use "Alt" key to list items on ground by marking them with text above them.

Games can now by replayed after seeing the ending. More types of random items, with the prefix-and-suffix system of Diablo extended to groups of attributes in the case of rare items. Items now cannot be destroyed by losing all durability. Quest rewards are now randomized, no more set rewards.

Overlapping quests were removed, now everyone receives the same quests. The waypoint system to teleport between explored levels and acts. More types of items and new item slots, such as belts. Only the owner of the body can reclaim the items stored in the body.

When a character dies, all items being worn that will not fit into that characters inventory at the time of death, is stored in a body. Players now respawn after dying, but with penalties. Removal of 'save anywhere' feature, monsters and ground items reset after saving. Removal of almost all spell scrolls, leaving only identify and town portal scrolls.

Removal of many potions, especially skill increase potions. Removal of spell books and ability to learn spells, replaced by skills tree, an innovation from designer Hedlund that has become part of the language of the genre. Shields: Attacker takes damage of 20. Helms/Armor: Regenerate mana 19%, replenish life +5.

Weapons: 4% life leech, 3% mana leech. Shields: 19 to all resistences. Helms/Armor: +100 to attack rating. Weapons: 68% increased damage to undead.

Sheields: 40 to defense. Helms/Armor: 10 to strength. Weapons: 150 to attack rating. Shields: 40% lightning resist.

Helms/Armor: 24% to magic find. Weapons: 1-40 Lightning damage. Shields: 40% poison resist. Helms/Armor: 10 to dexterity.

Weapons: 100 poison damage over 7 seconds. Shields: 40% fire resist. Helms/Armor: 38 to life. Weapons: 1-40 Fire damage.

Shields: 40% cold resist. Helms/Armor: 38 to mana. Weapons: 1-40 Cold damage (slows enemies).

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