Chair

When English-speaking philosophers talk about the material world as opposed to ideas, their phrase is tables and chairs. Other. Activities that are likely to be made insignificant or undone by some future event are said to be like rearranging the deckchairs on the Titanic. Athletics. If you nearly fell off your chair, it was because you were very surprised. Academia. A movie or a story is said to keep you on the edge of your chair, if it is suspenseful and engaging. Business.

They are counter-weighted so as to not slide off the arms under the weight of the remote control. Politics. Remote control bags can be draped over the arm of easy chairs or sofas and used to hold remote controls. Clemson was named as "Public School of the Year" in 2001 by Time Magazine for its "Communication across the Curriculum" program. They come in various shapes, some specifically sized to fit partially under a desk. Continued distinctions continue into the 2000s. This allows chairs on wheels to roll easily over the carpet and it protects the carpet. News & World Report magazine.

Chair mats are plastic mats meant to cover carpet. In 1995, the Carolina Panthers played their inaugural season in Clemson, and in 1997, Clemson was ranked as one of the "Top 50 Public Universities" in the United States by U.S. Car seats sometimes have built-in and adjustable lumbar supports. In the 1990s, Clemson underwent additional transformations, which included an internal restructuring of the university from nine colleges into five, in an effort to streamline operations and cut costs. Obus Forme is a major brand in this category and helped develop this market niche. Sportscaster Brent Musburger once described the Tiger's entrance, or "running the hill," as "the most exciting 25 seconds in college football.". Orthopedic backrests provide support for the back. Memorial Stadium (or "Death Valley") nearly doubled its capacity during these years of popularity, with many games selling out to this day.

In cars, they may be used to increase the height of the driver. They also defeated conference rival Wake Forest 82-24, setting numerous stadium, school, and conference records. Some are decorative. During the 1981 season, the Tigers beat top 10 teams Georgia, North Carolina, and Nebraska. Chair pads are cushions for chairs. Clemson achieved great recognition during its 1981 football season, when the Tigers were undefeated, winning the Orange Bowl 22-15 over the Nebraska Cornhuskers to become national champions. In the second half of 20th century, some people used custom clear plastic covers for expensive sofas and chairs to protect them. The University continued to expand into the 1970s when enrollment topped 10,000 for the first time.

Covers for sofas and couches are also available for homes with small children and pets. Clemson's expanding student body and expanded academic offerings prompted college administrators to submit to the South Carolina legislature to change its name to Clemson University in 1964. The chair covers may come with decorative chair ties, a ribbon to be tied as a bow behind the chair. Lucinda Harris, who entered a semester later, would become the first African-American female student, and later married Gantt. They are typically rented for formal events such as wedding receptions to increase the attractiveness of the chairs and decor. In sharp contrast to the strenuous and violent situations at other southern universities in the early 1960s, Clemson became peacefully integrated on January 22, 1963, when Harvey Gantt became the first African-American student at Clemson. A chair cover is a temporary fabric cover for a side chair. Cooper Library, the Bryan Mall and "Shoebox" residence areas, and the innovative Lee Hall were also constructed.

If matched to a glider, the ottoman may be mounted on swing arms so that the ottoman rocks back and forth with the main glider. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, additional buildings, including the R.M. An ottoman is a short stool to be used as a footrest but can sometimes be used as a stool. Today, only one of the original Johnstone buildings is still standing on the campus. In place of a built-in footrest, some chairs come with a matching ottoman. Much of the building was torn down by 2004. Canada's Canadian General Standards Board CAN/CGSB 44.15M [6] on "Straight Stacking Chair, Steel"). The building's appearance became noticeably bad leaving many to feel that it was more of an eyesore on the campus.

Governments will often issue standards for purchases by government agencies (e.g. Over time, Johnstone became a "landmark" for students and alumni, although perhaps not always in a good way. Large institutions that make bulk purchases will reference these standards within their own even more detailed criteria for purchase [5]. These slabs weighed 224 tons and were nine inches thick, 122 feet long, and 43 feet wide. Under these higher loads, the chair may be damaged, but it must not fail catastrophically. This method - the Youtz-Slick "lift-slab" method - lifted reinforced concrete slabs onto columns with hydraulic jacks. The specification further defines heavier "proof" loads that chairs must withstand. The Johnstone Hall complex became a model for college dormitories, implementing a new raise-slab construction method, a practice which was featured in many architectural magazines at that time.

It specifies things like[4]:. The campus also experienced a frenzy of construction during the 1950s, as new academic buildings and contemporary student housing was constructed. The Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association (BIFMA) defines BIFMA X5.1 for testing of commercial-grade chairs. training remained until 1969. ASTM E1822-02b defines the combustibility of chairs when they are stacked. Compulsory R.O.T.C. ASTM F1858-98 specifies lawn chairs. Following this advice, the first women were enrolled in Clemson in 1954, also the first year the school entered civilian status.

ISO 7174 specifies stability of rocking and tilting chairs. In its findings, the group recommended that Clemson drop its military status and become a civilian institution and that it should enroll women. Bean bag chairs are specified by ANSI standard ASTM F1912-98[3]. In 1953, a consulting firm was enlisted to help Clemson college plan a path for its future. Dental chairs are specified by ISO 6875. Edwards. There are multiple specific standards for different types of chairs. Cooper and Robert C.

ISO 9241-5:1988[2], "Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) -- Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements " is the most common one for modern chair design. Bill providing increased opportunities for Americans to go into higher education, Clemson experienced a significant period of expansion under the leadership of two long-serving presidents, Robert M. Design considerations for chairs have been codified into standards. As a result of the G.I. Open center seats where a soft material is attached to the tops of chair legs or between stretchers to form the seat. Only the United States Military Academy and Texas Agricultural and Mechanical University (since 1963 Texas A&M University) provided more. Some systems include: Solid center seats where a solid material forms the chair seat. Clemson ranked third in the country in institutions providing Army officers.

Chair seats vary widely in construction and may or may not match construction of the chair's back. Airborne troops training at Camp Toccoa, Georgia, would march the thirty miles to Clemson to practice on the campus rifle range. See also seats in movie theaters, and pictures of benches with and without arm rests. World War II saw even greater involvement. A loveseat in particular, has no arm rest in between. World War I saw nearly every cadet in the classes of 1917 and 1918 enlist, and at one point the college had only 42 active student-cadets. Arm rests prevent or complicate both desired and undesired proximity. The World Wars saw a flurry of cadets leave Clemson for active duty and the campus itself became a base for military training.

in public transport and other public places, and to prevent lying on the bench or coach. through today. The latter may be provided for comfort, but also for privacy e.g. In addition, Clemson's academic calendar became a model for many universities and colleges in the United States at that time, and the "Clemson calendar" became adopted as the traditional two-semester academic calendar for the majority of institutions in the U.S. A couch, bench, or other arrangement of seats next to each other may have arm rest at the sides and/or arm rests in between. The legendary coach John Heisman coached Clemson football from 1900 to 1903, before moving to greater fame at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Hence in some chair designs, the armrest is not continuous to the chair back, but is missing in the elbow area. At that time, the campus had only constructed two poorly-masoned brick buildings but by 1914 had increased in size and reputation, academically and athletically.

Armrests should support the forearm and not the sensitive elbow area. Clemson Agricultural College opened its doors in 1893 to 446 new cadets. Armrests further have the function of making entry and exit from the chair easier (but from the side it becomes more difficult). Henry Aubrey Strode was selected by the Clemson Trustees to lead the new institution. If so, armrests will support part of the body weight through the arms if the arms are resting on the armrests. A president would also be appointed by the trustees to oversee the day-to-day operations of the college. A chair may or may not have armrests. Clemson called for a 13-member Board of Trustees to govern the course of Clemson Agricultural College, with seven "lifetime" trustees and six trustees selected by the South Carolina state assembly to serve two-year terms.

For adjustable chairs, the aforementioned principles are applied in adjusting the chair to the individual occupant. The will called for the State of South Carolina to fund the institution, but provided it a limited role in the institution's governance. In some airplanes and stadiums the seat pitch is so small that there is sometimes there is no leg room for the average person. Thomas Green Clemson's will called for a "high seminary of learning" to be founded upon the estate of Fort Hill. "Seat pitch" is the distance between rows of seats. . The buttock-knee length is used to determine "leg room" between rows of chairs. Clemson University is served by Clemson Area Transit.

Elbow rest height is used to determine the height of the armrests. Its Botanical Garden is the State Botanical Garden of South Carolina. Hip breadth is used for chair width and armrest width. Barker, a former dean of the College of Architecture, Arts and Humanities. Additional anthropometric measurements may be relevant to designing a chair. Clemson's president since 1999 is James F. Mass produced chairs are typically 38-43 cm deep. The Clemson University football team claimed a NCAA National Championship in 1981.

This anthropometric measurement is used to determine the seat depth. Clemson holds an overall lead in the series of 63-36-4. For someone seated, the buttock popliteal length is the horizontal distance from the back most part of the buttocks to the back of the lower leg. This game is the third longest uninterrupted series in college football, having played every year since 1909. Mass produced chairs are typically 17 inches high. The two institutions usually play against each other on the last week of the football season. The popliteal height, after adjusting for heels, clothing and other issues is used to determine the height of the chair seat. Clemson's primary rival, however, is the in-state University of South Carolina Gamecocks.

(The term "sitting height" is reserved for the height to the top of the head when seated.) For American men, the median popliteal height is 16.3 inches and for American women it is 15.0 inches[1]. They participate in the NCAA's Division I (I-A for football)and in the Atlantic Coast Conference (Atlantic Division). It is sometimes called the "stool height". The school's sports teams are called the Tigers. For someone seated, the popliteal height is the distance from the underside of the foot to the underside of the thigh at the knees. Plans for the campus also include a full-scale, four-vehicle capacity rolling-road model wind tunnel. The two most relevant anthropometric measurement for chair design is the popliteal height and buttock popliteal length. Private sector companies that have committed so far to establishing offices and/or facilities on the campus include the Society of Automotive Engineers and The Timken Company.

Anthropometric statistics may be gathered for mass produced chairs. BMW, Microsoft, IBM, and Michelin are all corporate partners of CU-ICAR. Individuals may be measured for a custom chair. The campus also includes an Information Technology Research Center being developed by BMW Manufacturing Company. Actual chair dimensions are determined by measurements of the human body or anthropometric measurements. CU-ICAR will include a graduate school to open in 2006 with Master's and Doctorate level degrees in automotive engineering, offering programs focused on systems integration. By matching the shape of the occupant's buttocks, weight is distributed and pressure at any given point is reduced. The university's newest academic endeavor is the Clemson University International Center for Automotive Research (CU-ICAR)^[1] a 250 acre automotive and motorsports research campus located in nearby Greenville.

A contoured seat pan attempts to distribute weight without padding. The University's most noted academic programs include those in agriculture, architecture, business, education, engineering, nursing, and textile studies. Where padding is not desirable, contouring may be used instead. Academically, the university is divided into five colleges: Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences; Architecture, Arts and Humanities; Business and Behavioral Science; Engineering and Science; and Health, Education and Human Development. For example, in hot climates, padding with fabric or plastic covers is often uncomfortable against the skin. Today, Clemson is classified by the Carnegie Foundation as a Doctoral/Research University-Extensive, a category comprising less than 4 percent of all universities in America. There may be cases where padding is not desirable. Clemson's engineering program ranks 57th in the country.

Chairs that have padding that is the same density front and back will feel soft in the back area and hard to the underside of the knees. News and World Report's 2006 issue of America's Best Colleges, Clemson University ranks 34th among the nation's 162 public doctoral-granting universities. Since most of the body weight is supported in the back of the seat, padding there should be firmer than the front of the seat which only has the weight of the legs to support. In U.S. In lieu of padding, flexible materials, such as wicker, may be used instead with similar effects of distributing the weight. Today, approximately 17,000 students attend the co-educational institution, with 64 percent of those students from South Carolina and the remaining 36 percent from 49 other states and 70 nations. Spreading the area reduces the pressure at any given point. Clemson opened its doors to 446 students as an all-male military college in 1893.

The same body weight over a smaller area means greater pressure on that area. Clemson University, located in Clemson, South Carolina, was founded in 1889, a legacy of Thomas Green Clemson, who willed his Fort Hill plantation home, its surrounding farmlands and forest, and other property to the State of South Carolina to establish a technical and scientific institution for South Carolina. A hard wood chair feels hard because the contact point between the occupant and the chair is small. Wilson, Libertarian Party candidate. However, padding does distribute the weight by increasing the area of contact between the chair and the body. Roger A. Padding will not shift the weight to different parts of the body (unless the chair is so soft that the shape is altered). Shawn Weatherly, Miss Universe, 1980-81.

Padding can be on the seat of the chair only, on the seat and back, or also on any arm rests and/or foot rest the chair may have. Jane Robelot, news anchor. Many chairs are padded or have cushions. Nancy O'Dell, former Miss South Carolina and host of "Access Hollywood". A sit-stand chair distributes most of the weight of the occupant to the feet. James Michael Tyler, Gunther on "Friends". A kneeling chair adds an additional body part, the knees, to support the weight of the body. Chris Luca, Winner of Amazing Race 2.

A stool or other simple chair may have a simple straight or curved bar near the bottom for the sitter to place his/her feet on. Scott Lazar, first person to free-climb Venezuela's Angel Falls. Some chairs have foot rests. Fiona Hutchison, One Life to Live actress. Reclining chairs typically have at least shoulder height backrests to shift weight to the shoulders instead of just the lower back. James Burnette, master hunter, 3 time All-American Rugby player. Headrests support the head as well and are important in vehicles for preventing "whiplash" neck injuries in rear-end collisions where the head is jerked back suddenly. Aaron Buerge, "The Bachelor," Season 2.

Shoulder height backrests support the entire back and shoulders. Chris Whitney, former NBA guard. In general, backrests come in three heights: Lower back backrests support only the lumbar region. Sharone Wright, former NBA forward/center. The back of the chair will support some of the weight of the occupant, reducing the weight on other parts of the body. Donnel Woolford, former NFL defenisive back, pro bowler 1993, 2-time NCAA first-team All-American (1987-88). However, reclining may not be suitable for chairs intended for work or eating at table. Charlie Waters, former Dallas Cowboys cornerback.

In general, if the occupant is suppose to sit for a long time, weight needs to be taken off the seat area and thus "easy" chairs intended for long periods of sitting are generally at least slightly reclined. Perry Tuttle, former NFL wider receiver, NCAA first-team All-American (1981). This may be more comfortable for some in reducing weight on the seat area, but may be problematic for others who have bad backs. David Treadwell, former NFL placekicker, 1987 first-team All-American. A reclining seat and back will shift weight to the occupant's back. Wayne "Tree" Rollins, former NBA player and executive, NBA All-defense team 1984(first-team). A lower seat may shift too much weight to the "seat bones" ("ischial tuberosities"). Trevor Pryce, NFL defensive lineman.

It may also result in no weight on the feet which means more weight elsewhere. William "Refrigerator" Perry, former NFL defensive lineman 3-time NCAA All-American (1982-1984). A seat that is higher results in dangling feet and increased pressure on the underside of the knees ("popliteal fold"). Michael Dean Perry, former NFL defensive lineman, 6-time pro bowler (89-91, 93-94, 96), NCAA first-team All-American (1987). Ergonomic designs distributes the weight of the occupant to various parts of the body. Oguchi Onyewu, Standard Liège (Belgium) and US National Team soccer player, defender. Easy chairs for watching television or movies are somewhere in between depending on the height of the screen. Larry Nance, former NBA forward, 3-time NBA All-star (1985,89,93), first winner of NBA "slam dunk" competition (1984), NBA All-defense team 1989 (1st-team).

Dental chairs are necessarily reclined. Chester McGlockton, former NFL defensive lineman, 4-time pro bowler (1994-97). "Task chairs", or any chair intended for people to work at a desk or table, including dining chairs, can only recline very slightly; otherwise the occupant is too far away from the desk or table. Banks McFadden, Nations FIRST same season two sport All-American in 1939(Football, Basketball), 1939 Nations Most Versatile Athlete, 1940 1st Round Draft Choice of the NFL Brooklyn Dodgers, 1940 NFL yards per carry leader, Clemson Ring-of-Honor, Voted Clemson's All-Time Greatest Athlete. Intended usage determines the desired seating position. Ed McDaniel, former NFL linebacker, pro bowler (1998), 1991 NCAA first-team All-American. Chair design considers intended usage, ergonomics (how comfortable it is for the occupant), as well as non-ergonomic functional requirements such as size, stackability, foldability, weight, durability, stain resistance and artistic design. Randolph Mahaffey former NBA guard, All-star (1968).

. Kevin Mack, former Cleveland Browns running back, 2-time pro bowler (1985,87). See history of the chair for an extended look at chairs from antiquity to the modern day. Matthew LeCroy, Minnesota Twins infielder. Headrests for seats in vehicles are important for preventing whiplash injuries to the neck when the vehicle is involved in a rear-end collision. Levon Kirkland, former NFL linebacker, 2-time pro bowler (1996-97), 1991 NCAA first-team All-American. There may be separate headrests. Jimmy Key, former Toronto Blue Jays pitcher.

The back may extend above the height of the head. Terry Kinard, former NFL defensive back, 1988 pro bowler, 2-time NCAA first-team All-American. Likewise, the back and sometimes the seat are made of porous materials or have holes drilled in them for decoration and ventilation. Bobby Johnson, current Vanderbilt University head football coach. The back often does not extend all the way to the seat to allow for ventilation. Donald Igwebuike, former NFL placekicker. Chairs as furniture are typically not attached to the floor and so can be moved. Khalil Greene, San Diego Padres shortstop.

A chair mounted in a vehicle or in a theatre is simply called a seat. Horace Grant, former NBA forward All-Star (1994). A separate footrest for a chair is known as an ottoman, hassock or poof. Chris Gardocki, NFL punter. A chair for more than one person is a couch, sofa, settee, loveseat (two-seater without arm rest in between) or bench. Rod Gardner, Carolina Panthers wide receiver. Without back and arm rests it is called a stool. Kenny Flowers, former NFL running back.

Chairs also often have legs to support the seat raised above the floor. Terrence Flagler, former NFL running back, first team All-American (1986). A chair is a piece of furniture for sitting, consisting of a seat, a back, and sometimes arm rests, commonly for use by one person. Gigi Fernandez, former women's tennis player. seat cycle strength of 100,000 repetitions of 125 pounds (57 kg) dropped from 2 inches (50 mm) above the seat. Antwan Edwards, New England Patriots cornerback/safety. seat strength of 225 pounds (102 kg) dropped from six inches (150 mm) above the seat. Brian Dawkins,Philadelphia Eagles defensive back, 3-time pro bowler (1999, 2001-02).

leg strength of 75 pounds (34 kg) applied one inch (25 mm) from the bottom of the leg. Jeff Davis, former NFL Linebacker, NCAA first-team All-American (1981). chair stability if weight is transferred completely to the front or back legs. Dale Davis, Detroit Pistons forward/center, All- star (2000). chair backstrength of 150 pounds (68 kg). Shawn Crawford, 2004 Olympic gold and silver medalist in track and field. Metal, Metal mesh or wire woven to form seat. Dwight Clark, former San Francisco 49ers wide receiver.

Splint, ash, oak or hickory strips are woven. Elden Campbell, Detroit Pistons forward/center. Caning, woven from rush, reed, rawhide, heavy paper, strong grasses, cattails to form the seat, often in elaborate patterns. Jonathan Byrd, PGA TOUR golfer. Tape, wide fabric tape woven into seat, seen in lawn chairs and some old chairs. Greg Buckner, current NBA guard for the Denver Nuggets. Fabric, simple covering without support. Brentson Buckner, NFL defensive tackle.

Leather, may be tooled with a design. Kris Benson, New York Mets starting pitcher. Wicker, woven to provide a surface with give to it. Obed Ariri, former NFL placekicker, NCAA first-team All-American (1980). Stone, often marble. Keith Adams, Philadelphia Eagles linebacker, 2-time NCAA first-team All-American (1999-2000). Molded plastic. Terry Allen (football player), former NFL running back, #20 All-time leading rusher in NFL history.

Metal seats of solid or open design. Dickey, Pulitzer Prize winning author. Stuffed fabric, similar to padded leather. James F. Padded leather, generally a flat wood base covered in padding and contained in soft leather. He is perhaps best known as one of Donald Trump's two advisors on the NBC reality television program The Apprentice. Wood slats, often seen on outdoor chairs. Ross, executive vice president and senior counsel of the Trump Organization.

Solid wood, may or may not be shaped to human contours. George H. Mack Fleming, owner/operator of only commercial tea plantation in the United States. Robert Brooks, founder and chairman of Naturally Fresh Dressings, Sauces and Dips and president of Atlanta-based Hooters of America, Inc, The Brooks Center for the Performing Arts is named for his son Mark, who perished in the same plane crash as the late NASCAR driver Alan Kulwicki. Senator.

Strom Thurmond, former U.S. Bob Peeler, South Carolina lieutenant governor (1995-2003). Joseph Blake Mundy, Famous Political Activist. Harvey Gantt, former mayor of Charlotte, NC and first African-American graduate of Clemson University.

Secretary of State. Byrnes, former U.S. James F. David Beasley, South Carolina governor (1995-1999).