Cameron

In Canada:. See the list of chess variants for more details. There are also:. Fischer Random Chess and other versions with different starting positions work by scrambling the initial starting position for every game. Cameron is the name of several communities in the United States of America:. Bobby Fischer noted the overemphasis on memorizing chess openings in normal chess and invented Fischer Random Chess. See also the Lordship of Fairfax of Cameron:. There are over 1500 unique variants of chess.

People with entries in Wikipedia whose family name is Cameron:. Chess variants are forms of chess where the game is played with a different board, special fairy pieces or different rules. The surname comes from Scottish Gaelic cam-shron "crooked-nose", and is the name of a Scottish clan. White moves one piece, black moves two, white moves three, black moves four etc.). Cameron is a surname of Scottish origin, and a first name derived from the surname. (I.E. Adivision of the oil services company, Cooper Cameron. Yet another way is Scotch Chess, where the number of pieces one can move increases each turn.

Balloon manufacturing company in Bristol, England, (Cameron Balloons). And there is Bughouse, in which two teams of players share pieces of different colors and play against each other with both teams having the same abilites. Lac-Cameron, Nord-du-Quebec Region, Quebec. Another method of playing chess is called Suicide Chess, where the pieces function normally, however the goal is to lose all of ones pieces first and if a piece can be taken, it must be taken by the opposing side. Lac-Cameron, Les Laurentides County, Quebec. Moves are communicated via chess notation. Cameron, Quebec. In this case the play is conducted without the players having sight of the positions of the pieces, or any physical contact with them.

Papineau-Cameron, Ontario. Chess can also be played blindfold. Caribou Cameron, Ontario. Today, chess is often played on the internet through the Internet Chess Club, FICS or another host. Cameron Point, Ontario. Correspondence chess is chess played through the mail, e-mail or special Correspondence Chess Servers. Cameron Falls, Ontario. When two players are separated by great distances they can still play chess.

Cameron, Nipissing District, Ontario. When playing at a faster time, computers become relatively more powerful than humans. Cameron, Kawartha Lakes, Ontario. Speed chess requires the player to spend less time thinking because if the player's time runs out, they lose. Cameron, Peterborough County, Ontario. Bullet chess's time controls are less than three minutes. Cameron Hills, Northwest Territories. An even faster version of chess is known as bullet chess or lightning chess.

Cameron Bay, Northwest Territories. Generally each side has three to fifteen minutes (five is common) for all of their moves. Camerons Mountain, Nova Scotia. Blitz chess is a version of chess where a chess clock is used to limit the time control for each player. Cameron Settlement, Nova Scotia. In some cases, a player will have a material advantage, but will not have enough material to force a checkmate. Cameron Lake, Nova Scotia. Controlling the tempo (time used by each move) becomes especially important when fewer pieces are left on the board.

Cameron Beach, Nova Scotia. If the game is relatively even, tablebases and endgame study are essential. Camerons Mill, New Brunswick. If one player has a large material advantage, checkmate may happen quickly in the endgame. Cameron Road, New Brunswick. During the endgame, pawns and kings become relatively more powerful pieces as both sides often try to promote their pawns. Cameron, Manitoba. This work has influenced generations of modern chess players in how they think in the middlegame.

Cameron Lake, British Columbia. Great chess writer Aron Nimzowitsch outlined in the classic work "My system" a number of middlegame positional principles such as "Rook on the 7th rank", "Undermining the pawn chain", "Restrain, blockade and destroy". Cameron Heights, British Columbia. Once a plan is formulated, it is then recommended to try and ensure the plan is feasible through the process of checking concrete variations. Cameron Bar 13, British Columbia. Most middlegame books recommend that once an assessment of the elements of the position has taken place, it is then recommended to try and form a "plan" to create an advantage. West Cameron Township, Pennsylvania. In addition there are factors such as the two bishops which compensate each others weaknesses.

East Cameron Township, Pennsylvania. A few common positional elements which high level Chess players routinely must assess include Pawn structure, King safety, Space, the presence of pawn islands, isolated pawns, backward pawns, doubled pawns. Cameron Park, Texas. Other tactical elements include: zwischenzug, undermining, overloading, and interference. Cameron Park, California. A discovered attack is an attack where a piece moves and uncovers a line for another piece which does the attacking. Cameron Township, Minnesota. Skewers are a kind of reverse pin where the more valuable piece is placed in front of a less important one.

Cameron Parish, Louisiana. Pins are used to prevent the movement of an enemy piece by threatening any pieces behind it should it move. Cameron County, Texas. It usually is difficult for the other player to protect both of their pieces in one move. Cameron County, Pennsylvania. A fork is a situation where a piece is moved such that it attacks (forks) two other pieces simultaneously. Cameron, Wisconsin. But a "pinned piece" is a specific type of weakness in the opponents position, which when identified, could be exploited with a tactical combination.

Cameron, West Virginia. For clarification, it should be noted that a "pin" is a tactical "method"- the act of pinning the opponents pieces. Cameron, Texas. In many combinations of Alexander Alekhine, there is often a very subtle "quiet move" which breaks the Camel's back. Cameron, South Carolina. Such common "methods" include Pins, Forks, Skewers, Discovered checks, Zuichenzugs, Deflections, Decoys, Sacrifices, Forcing moves, and even "Quiet moves" - which can be devastating moves that leave the oppponent in Zugzwang, or an otherwise lost position. Cameron, Oklahoma. Chess combinations often include a number of types of tactic "methods" which many middlegame books classify and provide examples of.

Cameron, North Carolina. Such weaknesses are often created in the opponent's position in the first place by threats, provocative moves, and generally strong "positional play", etc. Cameron, New York. These "weaknesses" can then be expoloitable with a chess combination that is often built out of a number of tactical "methods". Cameron, Missouri. These types of "weaknesses" include: pinned pieces, overloaded pieces, weaknesses around the opponents king, weak squares, unprotected pieces, weak colour complexes, pieces not able to come back to defend the king, etc. Cameron, Louisiana. Usually they are present because the opponent has certain weaknesses in their position.

Cameron, Illinois. Chess combinations and traps do not appear out of thin air. Cameron, Arizona. Such an advantageous exchange of pieces may, however, be a poor tactic if it leaves the opponent with an exploitable advantage in the way the pieces are positioned on the board. Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1692-1782). For instance, to lose two pawns (2 points) in taking the opponent's knight (3 points) puts one ahead in material by one point. Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1612-1671). Instead, points are used by a player to consider whether he will come out materially better than his opponent in an exchange of pieces.

Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1584-1648). The beginning player should be aware that points are not an inherent part of the game; there is no scoring and chess was played long before the idea of assigning points to pieces. humorous writer. exchange sacrifice), they are choosing to ignore the standard valuation of their pieces for positional or tactical gains. Bruce, U.S. If a player performs a sacrifice (e.g. Cameron, W. The actual value and importance of a piece will vary based upon its position and the stage of the game.

Cameron, Verney Lovett (1844-1894), English traveller. Since the king's loss ends the game it is invaluable. politician. Valuations differ slightly from book to book, but generally, queens are worth 9 points, rooks are worth 5, bishops and knights are worth 3, and pawns are worth 1. Cameron, Simon (1799-1889), U.S. When taking and trading pieces, the chess piece point values becomes important. Cameron, Ross (born 1965), Australian politician. See the list of chess openings for more information.

Cameron, Ron, Canadian politician. It is often important for a player to castle (a special move that moves the king from the center of the board two squares towards one of the corners) to protect the king. Cameron, Richard, British playwright. Hypermodernism advocates the control of the center not by using pawns but with distant pieces. Cameron, Richard (1648[?]-1680), Scottish religious leader. Openings are often designed to take hold of the center of the board (e4, e5, d4 and d5), develop pieces, protect the king, and create a strong pawn structure. Cameron, Pero (born 1974), New Zealand professional basketball player. Chess openings are a sequence of moves, often memorized, which will help a player build up their position and prepare for the middlegame.

Major League Baseball player. To better understand rules of chess, please see a sample chess game, which explains chess through a simple demonstration, move after move. Cameron, Mike (born 1973), U.S. This is useful for adjourning a game to resume later or for conveying chess problem positions without a diagram. Cameron, Michael, GIMPS participant. Apart from recording games, there is also a notation Forsyth-Edwards Notation for recording specific positions. Cameron, Matthew Crooks (1822-1887), Canadian politician. Of these, Portable Game Notation (PGN) is the most common.

hard rock musician. Several notations have emerged, based upon algebraic chess notation, for recording chess games in a format suitable for computer processing. Cameron, Matt (born 1962), U.S. This has been supplanted by the more compact algebraic chess notation. Cameron, Kirk (born 1970), U.S.actor. Until the 1970s, at least in English-speaking countries, chess games were recorded and published using descriptive chess notation. astronaut. A draw can occur in many situations, including mutual agreement to draw, draw by insufficient material, stalemate, threefold repetition or the fifty move rule.

(born 1949), U.S. Either player may resign if the situation looks hopeless; also, games may end in a draw (tie). Cameron, Kenneth D. Chess games do not have to end in checkmate. Cameron, Julia Margaret (1815-1879), British photographer. If a pawn advances all the way to the eighth rank, it can be promoted to any other piece, except a King. Cameron, Julia, writer. Alternatively, a pawn can move two squares forward if it has not moved yet and both squares are empty.

Cameron, John (1579[?]-1623), Scottish theologian. Pawns capture differently than they move; they can capture an enemy piece on either of the two spaces adjacent to the space in front of them (i.e., the two squares diagonally in front of them), but cannot move to these spaces if they are vacant; conversely, a pawn can move forward one square, but only if that square is unoccupied. Cameron, James (born 1954), US movie producer/director. If a player is unable to get their king out of check it is called checkmate and they have lost the game. Cameron, James (1911-1985), British journalist. The king cannot be captured in regular chess, only put in check. Cameron, Fred (born 1919[?]), Canadian politician. When a piece is captured (or taken), the attacking piece replaces the enemy piece on its square (en passant being the only exception).

Cameron of Lochiel, Sir Ewen (1629-1719), Scottish Highland chieftain. Enemy pieces cannot be passed, but they can be "captured". physician. One's own pieces ("friendly pieces") cannot be passed if they are in the line of movement, and a friendly piece can never replace another friendly piece. Cameron, Ewan, U.S. With the exception of the knight, pieces cannot jump over each other. Cameron, Ewan (1922-1991), Scottish physician. The knight can jump over occupied squares and moves two spaces horizontally and one space vertically (or vice versa), making an L shape; a knight in the middle of the board has eight squares it can move to.

Cameron, Elspeth (born 1943), Canadian writer. The king can move only one square horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. time traveller. The queen is a combination of the rook and bishop (it can move any number of spaces diagonally, horizontally, or vertically). Cameron, Duncan, alleged U.S. The rook moves any number of spaces vertically or horizontally, while the bishop moves any number of spaces in any direction diagonally (meaning a bishop will always remain on the same color). Cameron, Sir Duncan, British general. Each kind of chess piece moves a different way.

Cameron, Douglas Colin (1854-1921), Canadian politician. The chess pieces should be set up on a standard chessboard with a white square in the near right hand corner. (born 1936), Canadian politician. White always moves first and therefore has a slight advantage over black. Cameron, Donald W. The colors are chosen either by a friendly agreement, by a game of chance, or by a tournament director. Cameron, Donald (1916-1961), British soldier, Victoria Cross recipient. When a game of chess begins, one player controls the sixteen white pieces while the other uses the sixteen black pieces.

Cameron, David (born 1966), British politician. In particular Arimaa, which is played upon a standard 8×8 chessboard, is a game at which humans can beat the best efforts of programmers so far, even at fast time controls. television journalist. Kasparov's loss to Deep Blue has inspired the creation of chess variants in which human intelligence can still overpower computer calculation. Cameron, Carl, U.S. Whilst too few games have been played to establish this, and neither Kramnik or Kasparov have played Hydra, Hydra's creators estimate its rating should be over 3000. actress. In June 2005, Hydra scored a decisive victory over the then 7th ranked GM Michael Adams winning five games and drawing one game in a six game match.

Cameron, Candace (born 1976), U.S. Given the relative ease with which it beats the other programs, and the humans it has met, Hydra may be expected to beat any unaided human player in match play. Cameron, Bill (1942-2005), Canadian journalist. Certainly it is very much comparable in terms of positions analysed per second. Cameron, Archie (1895-1956), Australian politician. The chess machine Hydra is the intellectual descendant of Deep Blue; and appears to be somewhat stronger than Deep Blue was. politician. In 2003, Kasparov drew both a six-game match with the computer program Deep Junior in February, and a four-game match against X3D Fritz in November.

Cameron, Angus (1826-1897), U.S. In October 2002, Vladimir Kramnik drew in an eight-game match with the computer program Deep Fritz. Cameron, Alan, New Zealand legal scholar. The six-game rematch in May 1997 was won by the machine (informally dubbed Deeper Blue) which was subsequently retired by IBM. classical scholar. Deep Blue shocked the world by winning the first game in Deep Blue - Kasparov, 1996, Game 1, but Kasparov convincingly won the match by winning three games and drawing two. Cameron, Alan, U.S. Garry Kasparov, then ranked number one in the world, played a six-game match against IBM's chess computer Deep Blue in February 1996.

Nor has the study of chess proven particularly useful in the broader AI field; the methods used to play high-level chess are very different to the ones used for machine learning, machine vision, and the like. Moreover, as CPU speed and memory become less expensive, computer chess programs can search ever larger numbers of moves in the same amount of time, and store ever larger databases of opening and endgame positions. However, it is important to note that the method by which computer programs play chess does not really resemble the way humans play chess — the computer basically just calculates the board position after every possible combination of legal moves and acts accordingly, whereas human masters act more from intuition and pattern recognition. In blitz chess, they can beat the best human players; at regular time controls, however, battles between the very best chess programs and the very best human players have been tantalizingly finely balanced.

— have become extremely strong players. At first considered only a curiosity, the best chess playing programs — like Shredder, Fritz etc. Serious work on machines that play chess has been going on since 1890, and chess-playing computer programs featured prominently in the artificial intelligence boom of the 1950s - 1970s. Although chess is not an Olympic sport, it has its own Olympiad, held every two years as a team event.

Most countries of the world have a national chess organization as well. Chess's international governing body is FIDE, which has presided over the world championship matches for decades. The most popular piece design, the "Staunton" set, was created by Nathaniel Cook in 1849, endorsed by Howard Staunton, a leading player of the time, and officially adopted by Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE) in 1924. The current rules were finalized in the early 19th century, except for the exact conditions for a draw.

The game in Europe since that time has been almost the same as is played today. By the end of the 15th century, the modern rules for the basic moves had been adopted from Italy: pawns gained the option of moving two squares on their first move and the en passant capture therewith, bishops acquired their modern move, and the queen was made the most powerful piece; consequently modern chess was referred to as "Queen's Chess" or "Mad Queen Chess". Early on, the pieces in European chess had limited movement; bishops could only move by jumping exactly two spaces diagonally (similar to the elephant in xiangqi), the queen could move only one space diagonally, pawns could not move two spaces on their first move, and there was no castling. Chess also found its way across Siberia into Alaska.

It was introduced into Spain by the Moors in the 10th century, and described in a famous 13th century manuscript covering chess, backgammon, and dice named the Libro de los juegos. Chess eventually reached Russia via Mongolia, where it was played at the beginning of the 7th century. The game spread throughout the Islamic world after the Muslim conquest of Persia. There is a theory that this name replacement happened because, before the game of chess came to Europe, merchants coming to Europe brought ornamental chess kings as curiosities and with them their name shāh, which Europeans mispronounced in various ways.

Its name became shatranj, which continued in Spanish as ajedrez and in Greek as zatrikion, but in most of Europe was replaced by versions of the Persian word shāh = "king". From Persia it entered the Islamic world, where the names of its pieces largely remained in their Persian forms in early Islamic times. The oldest known texts describing chess seem to indicate a bi-directional spread from the Persian empire. The entrance of chess into Europe, notably, is marked by a massive improvement in the powers of the queen.

One theory suggests that it migrated from India to Persia, where its terminology was translated into Persian, and its name changed to chatrang. Chess eventually spread westward to Europe and eastward as far as Japan, spawning variants as it went. Joseph Needham and David Li are two of many scholars who have favored this theory. Another theory exists that chess arose from the similar game of Chinese chess, or at least a predecessor thereof, existing in China since the 2nd century BC.

The earliest mention of Chaturanga appears in the Indian classic, the Mahabharata, written circa 2,000 BC. The most commonly held belief is that chess originated in India, where it was called Chaturanga. Many countries claim to have invented the chess game in some incipient form. The most popular, in descending order by number of players, are xiangqi in China, shogi in Japan, and janggi in Korea.

Many variants and relatives of chess are played throughout the world. Chess is played both recreationally and competitively in clubs, tournaments, online, and by mail (correspondence chess). Chess is sometimes seen as an abstract wargame; as a "mental martial art", and teaching chess has been advocated as a way of enhancing mental prowess. Chess is one of the world's most popular games; it has been described not only as a game but also as an art and a science.

Nevertheless, the game is so complex that not even the best players can consider all contingencies: although only 64 squares and 32 pieces are on the board, the number of possible games that can be played far exceeds the number of atoms in the universe (see Shannon number). Chess is not a game of chance; it is based solely on tactics and strategy. . The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent; this occurs when the opponent's king is threatened with capture, and no move can be made that would prevent it.

One player controls the white pieces; the other player controls the black pieces (the player that controls white is always the first player to move). All pieces can remove opponent's pieces by landing on the space they occupy. Each player begins the game with 16 pieces which can move in defined directions (and in some instances, limited range) and can remove other pieces from the board: each player's pieces comprise eight pawns, two knights, two bishops, two rooks, one queen and one king. It is played on a square board of eight rows (called ranks) and eight columns (called files), giving 64 squares of alternating colour, light and dark.

Chess is an abstract strategy board game for two players. Veselin Topalov (current). Rustam Kasimdzhanov. Ruslan Ponomariov.

Vishwanathan Anand. Alexander Khalifman. Anatoly Karpov. FIDE champions (1993–present)