Calvin Klein

A Calvin Klein advertisement featuring Natalia Vodianova

Calvin Klein (born November 19, 1942, The Bronx, New York City, United States as Richard Klein), is a well-known fashion designer. His name is also a brand name of clothing marketed by his clothing company, which was launched in 1968.

Calvin Klein was raised in the Jewish immigrant community in the Bronx, New York. Calvin Klein was a protegé of Baron de Gunzburg through whose introductions he became the toast of the New York elite fashion scene before he had his first mainstream success with the launch of his first jeans line. Calvin Klein was immediately recognised for his talent after his first major showing at New York Fashion Week. He was hailed as the new Yves Saint-Laurent, and was noted for his clean lines and strait cuts on coats and suits.

Speaking in an interview with Bianca Jagger and Andy Warhol for Interview magazine, published not long after the Baron's death Klein said:—

The Calvin Klein company, like many in the fashion industry, is known for its eye-catching advertising. It is noted by many conservative organizations for its use of seemingly-underage models in pseudo-provocative poses.

In addition to clothing, Calvin Klein also gave his name to a range of perfumes, including CK One and CK Be (fragrances for everyone, regardless of gender), now owned by "Coty Inc.". Swatch manufactures watches under the Calvin Klein brand.

Klein was the victim of a pieing in 2001 at a fashion premier at New York's Lincoln Center. [1]

Creating the Calvin Klein empire

Calvin Klein attended the 'High School of Industrial Art' and after graduating at 20 from New York's Fashion Institute of Technology in 1962, he apprenticed at an oldline cloak-and-suit manufacturer and spent five years designing at other New York shops. In 1968, Klein and his childhood friend Barry Schwartz, who was to manage the business, then initially founded Calvin Klein Ltd., a coat shop on one of the floors of the York Hotel, in New York City with $10,000. Legend has it that a year later a buyer from Bonwit Teller (a then New York based department store similar to today’s Lord & Taylor) got off the elevator on the wrong floor, and ended up placing a $50,000 order. It is more likely though, that Klein showed his work to Bonwit Teller staff. Hence, the first Calvin Klein collection was a line of men’s and women’s coats at New York retailer Bonwit Teller.

In 1969, Mr. Klein, who was later described as “the supreme master of minimalism”, appeared on the cover of Vogue magazine. By 1971, sportswear, classic blazers and pant suits as well as lingerie were added to his womens collection portfolio.

In 1973 he was awarded the Coty Award for the first time (again in 1974 and 1975) for his 74-piece womenswear collection. By 1977, annual revenues had jumped to $30 million, and he had licenses for scarves, shoes, belts, furs, sunglasses, and sheets. Klein and Schwartz were making $4 million each. After the company signed licenses for cosmetics, jeans, and menswear, Klein’s annual retail volume was estimated at $100 million. In 1978, Klein claimed sales of 200,000 pairs of his famous jeans the first week they were on the market. By 1981, Fortune magazine figured Klein’s annual income at $8.5 million a year. In the mid-1970s, he had created a designer-jeans craze by putting his name on the back pocket. The jeans were famously advertised with a commercial featuring a 15-year-old Brooke Shields cooing in 1979/80 that "nothing comes between me and my Calvins" and “I’ve got seven Calvins in my closet, and if they could talk, I’d be ruined.” Controversial advertising, including a series of ads featuring adolescents in sexually evocative poses, has been a recurring theme for the company.

In the late 1970s, the company also made attempts to set up their own fragrance and cosmetics business but soon learned that they were not able to do it alone and withdrew from the market with big financial losses. In the 1980s, as the designer-jeans frenzy reached its all-time high, Calvin Klein introduced a highly successful line of boxer shorts for women and a men’s underwear collection which would later gross $70 million in a single year. Calvin Klein’s underwear business, promoted later in the 1990s with giant billboards of pop singer Mark "Marky Mark" Wahlberg, was so successful that his underpants became generally known as ‘Calvins’.

The stunning growth continued through the early eighties. The licensing program, which brought in $24,000 when it was initiated in 1974, had royalty income of $7.3 million ten years later. That year, worldwide retail sales were estimated at more than $600 million. Klein’s clothes were sold through 12,000 stores in the United States and were available in six other countries. His annual income passed $12,000,000.

Financial problems, increased pressure from all sides, disagreements with the licensee of the menswear line and its disappointing sales as well as an enormous employee turnover both within Calvin Klein and its licensing partners led to the first rumors that Calvin Klein Industries, as the company had been known by then, was up for sale. And indeed, in late 1987, it was said that the sale of the company to Triangle Industries, a container manufacturer, had only failed because of the crashing stock market.

Although the company almost faced bankruptcy in 1992, Calvin Klein managed to regain and increase the profitability of his empire throughout the later 90s, mainly through the success of its highly popular underwear and fragrance lines as well as the cK sportswear line. Mr. Klein was named “America’s Best Designer” for his minimalist all-American designs in 1993, and thus it came as a shocking surprise when in 1999 it was announced again that CKI was up for sale. Planning to expand its business, the company had been approached by two luxury goods companies, LVMH and Pinault Printemps Redoute, to join Calvin Klein but nothing resulted. Other potentials like Tommy Hilfiger Corp. and Italy's Holding di Partecipazioni proved to be similar disappointments because of CKI's steep price tag of supposedly $1 billion. After seven months and no potential buyer, Mr. Klein announced that his empire was not on the market anymore. The company should never manage to go public which had supposedly been Mr. Klein's plan once.

Acquisition by Phillipps-Van Heusen

In mid-December 2002, Calvin Klein Inc. (CKI) was finally sold to shirt maker Phillips Van Heusen Corp., whose then CEO Bruce Klatsky was the driving force behind the deal, for about $400 million in cash, $30 million in stock as well as licensing rights and royalties linked to revenues over the following 15 years that were estimated at $200 to $300 million. The sale also included an ongoing personal financial incentive for Mr. Klein based on future sales of the Calvin Klein brand.

PVH outcompeted VF Corp., the maker of Lee and Wrangler jeans, which had also been interested in the jeans, underwear and swimwear business of CK that had been controlled by Warnaco Group, maker of Speedo swimwear, since 1997. The deal with PVH did not include these businesses, they remained with Warnaco. Unable to pay debts from acquisitions and licensing agreements and due to bad publicity by a later dismissed lawsuit with Calvin Klein over selling license products to retailers other than agreed upon with Calvin Klein, Warnaco had filed for chapter 11 protection in mid-2001 but eventually emerged from bankruptcy in February of 2003. Mr. Klein himself had considered Linda Wachner, then CEO of Warnaco Group, a personal enemy.

In reaction to the announcement of the deal, Phillips-Van Heusen shares closed down 14 cents at $12.54 on the New York Stock Exchange on December 17, 2002. The industry feared that PVH had taken on too much with the acquisition. It is said that talks between Calvin Klein and PVH had began as early as 2000.

The transaction between Calvin Klein and PVH was financially supported by Apax Partners Inc., a New York private equity firm, which is said to have made a $250 million equity investment in PVH convertible preferred stock, as well as a $125 million, two-year secured note, all in exchange for seats on the board of PVH.

CKI thus became a wholly owned subsidiary of PVH. In the beginning, Mr. Klein himself, who was included as a person in the 15-year contract he had signed with PVH, remained creative head of the collections but then continued as an advisor (consulting creative director) to the new company from 2003 on and has since more and more withdrawn from the business. Mr. Klein has appeared in the news from time to time since then when his name was associated with drug abuse, withdrawal treatments and public nuisance. Barry Schwartz was said to concentrate on his role as chairman of the New York Racing Association, a horse-racing club. The current President and COO of the CKI division within PVH is Tom Murry, who had filled this position already before the acquisition.

Current licensees

In early 2003, it was announced that Vestimenta SpA of Italy would be entrusted with the manufacture and distribution of Calvin Klein Collection for men and women – the label’s pricey high-end haute couture designer line which these days is shown on runways during the fashion weeks in New York and Milan – while design, marketing, advertising and public relations as well as control over the distribution of the line remained with CKI.

In June 2003, CKI announced that Kellwood Corp. of Chesterfield, Missouri had been selected as a strategic licensing partner to produce, source and distribute a Calvin Klein women’s better sportswear line to launch in North, Central and South America in late 2004. Under the terms of the arrangement, Kellwood collaborated with Andrew Grossman and Alexander Vreeland, two seasoned Giorgio Armani executives, who had formed a new business venture named GAV with Jay Schottenstein, chairman and CEO of Schottenstein Stores Corp., to help develop and launch the line in terms of marketing, design and advertising. GAV, a Manhattan based company, already then designed and manufactured for ck Calvin Klein and Emanuel Ungaro. The cooperation between Kellwood and GAV was ended on friendly terms in September 2005 with Kellwood being left solely responsible for the womens sportswear line while the other parties could focus on their ck Calvin Klein bridge business. A better sportswear line for men has been designed and developed in-house at CKI and PVH since spring 2004.

Just recently (December 2005), the Warnaco Group announced that in 2006 they would acquire 100% of the shares of the companies that operate the licenses and related wholesale and retail businesses of Calvin Klein Jeans and accessories in Europe and Asia as well as the cK Calvin Klein bridge line of sportswear and accessories in Europe from Fingen SpA, a Florentine holding company, and Euro Cormar SpA for €240 million. Fingen, a company controlled by the Italian Fratini family, had held a 90% share in the European Calvin Klein business – which was managed by Fabio Fusco – since 1995 with CKI owning the remaining 10%. Additionally, beginning in 2008 and continuing through December 2013, Warnaco will assume the license for Calvin Klein Collection men's and women's apparel and accessories worldwide from Fingen, with Mr. Fusco remaining in charge after the completion of the deal. The deal will have no impact on the existing US licenses with Kellwood Corp. for the Calvin Klein women's better sportswear line and with GAV for the ck Calvin Klein bridge sportswear business.

Designers at Calvin Klein

The current creative director for Calvin Klein Collection for women is Brazilian-born Francisco Costa who had already worked with Mr. Klein directly before the founder’s departure from the company. Italo Zucchelli, a former Jil Sander and Romeo Gigli designer, had collaborated with Calvin Klein for six seasons before he became head designer of the Calvin Klein Collection menswear line in spring 2004.

Calvin Klein stores

In the late 1990s the company opened elegant Calvin Klein Collection stores in Paris, Seoul, and Taipei and ultra-fancy cK Calvin Klein stores in Hong Kong, Milan and Kuwait City. As of today, there are Calvin Klein Collection stores operated by CKI in New York, Milan and Paris. The stores in Moscow, Barcelona, Rome, Dubai (two locations), Seoul, Singapore and Taipei are maintained by partners.

Out of the two Calvin Klein Collection stores that existed in the US, the Dallas location in Highland Park Village which had been open for 20 years was closed in mid-2005. The New York store, which serves as the company’s flagship store at 654 Madison Ave., remains open till today. The sportswear and cK lines are mainly sold through North American department stores and in Europe through high-end retail stores. In Asia, there are also signature cK stores that only carry the cK sportswear line. The Warnaco Group, in addition, maintains Calvin Klein Jeans and corresponding outlet stores. Apart from Calvin Klein Underwear boutiques, there are also several Calvin Klein Outlet stores in the US that sell the sportswear and cK lines at reduced prices but do not carry the Collection lines.

With the fall 2006 Collection runway presentations in New York City, CKI will inaugurate an 8,600-sqf show room space that can seat up to 600 people on the ground floor of 205 West 39th Street, in Times Square South where Calvin Klein has been headquartered since 1978. Their current office space in the building is about 143,000-sqf with lease costs probably figuring at around $30 per sq in that area.

Calvin Klein brands

The most visible brand names include:

  • Calvin Klein Collection
  • Calvin Klein
  • cK
  • Calvin Klein Jeans

Licenses are in effect for the most of the above mentioned brands’ jeans, kids clothing, underwear, swimwear, sleepwear, hosiery and socks, watches, fragrance, eyewear and home lines/collections.

Calvin Klein fragrances

Calvin Klein is famous for the label's various lines of perfumes and colognes. Their perfumes and the corresponding fragrance lines used to be maintained by Calvin Klein Cosmetics Company (CKCC), a Unilever company, until recently when in May 2005 cosmetics giant Coty, Inc. of New York bought up the fragrance licensing agreements from Unilever. [year of launch]

  • Calvin (men) [1981]
  • Obsession (men and women) [men 1986, women 1985]
  • Eternity (men and women) [1989]
  • Escape (men and women) [men 1993, women 1991]
  • cK one (unisex) [1994, ‘Red Hot’ edition 2000, ‘Graffiti’ art edition 2003]
  • cK be (unisex) [1996]
  • Contradiction (men and women) [men 1998, women 1997]
  • Truth (men and women) [men 2002, women 2000]
  • Crave (men) [2002]
  • Eternity Purple Orchid (women) [2003]
  • Eternity Moment (women) [2004]
  • Obsession Night (men and women) [2005]
  • Euphoria (women) [2005]

Advertising

  • Calvin Klein's advertising campaigns are frequently controversial, but prove this can be very successful - to the point of making a blitz career. One of his male underwear models, Mark Wahlberg, went on to fame as hip hop star 'Marky Mark', launching himself into the Hollywood scene as well. Another Hollywood star owing his respectable career to the Calvin Klein advertisements is Antonio Sabato Jr..
  • They also play with emerging technologies. When advertising cKone perfume in 1999, they employed a very unusual and groundbreaking campaign that displayed e-mail addresses in print advertisements, targeted at teenagers (such as anna@ckone.com or nick@ckone.com). When these teens mailed these addresses, they would be placed on a mailing list that sent them mails with vague details about the models' lives, with fake details meant to make them more relatable. These mails came at unpredictable intervals, and were supposed to give readers the feeling that they had some connection with these characters. Though the mailing lists were discontinued in 2002, the campaign has inspired similar marketing tactics for movies and other retail products.

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[year of launch]. Whenever the Pope flies on a plane, it is nicknamed "Shepherd One." Typically, it is a chartered Alitalia jumbo jet, however, the nickname follows the Pope to smaller craft when necessary to land at small airports, for example, Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories in 1984 (aborted by fog) and 1988, when a Boeing 737 was used. of New York bought up the fragrance licensing agreements from Unilever. The Concorde was also notably used to transport the Prime Minister from time to time, particularly to international conferences abroad; it should be noted, however, that Concordes were chartered from British Airways much like the Boeing 777 is currently. Their perfumes and the corresponding fragrance lines used to be maintained by Calvin Klein Cosmetics Company (CKCC), a Unilever company, until recently when in May 2005 cosmetics giant Coty, Inc. [5]. Calvin Klein is famous for the label's various lines of perfumes and colognes. [4] In 2003 then Defence Secretary Geoff Hoon told the House of Commons Intelligence and Security Committee that a military aircraft with advanced communications available to the Prime Minister was a necessary expense.

Licenses are in effect for the most of the above mentioned brands’ jeans, kids clothing, underwear, swimwear, sleepwear, hosiery and socks, watches, fragrance, eyewear and home lines/collections. Attempts by Tony Blair to acquire a dedicated government airliner have been reported as long ago as 1998 and such an aircraft has been labelled "Blair Force One" by the media. The most visible brand names include:. With the military burden on the VC-10 fleet increasing as the number of aircraft in service decreases (and their increasing obsolescence), the Prime Minister and Royal Family have increasingly used chartered British Airways jets for long range travel (typically Boeing 777s). Their current office space in the building is about 143,000-sqf with lease costs probably figuring at around $30 per sq in that area. 32 Squadron's BAe 146 and BAe 125 aircraft for short range trips. With the fall 2006 Collection runway presentations in New York City, CKI will inaugurate an 8,600-sqf show room space that can seat up to 600 people on the ground floor of 205 West 39th Street, in Times Square South where Calvin Klein has been headquartered since 1978. The Royal Air Force has historically been responsible for Royal and executive transportation with its Vickers VC-10 aircraft for long-range travel and No.

Apart from Calvin Klein Underwear boutiques, there are also several Calvin Klein Outlet stores in the US that sell the sportswear and cK lines at reduced prices but do not carry the Collection lines. An international incident occurred in 2001 when the government claimed it had discovered 27 bugs embedded in the aircraft's interior; the plane had been refitted in San Antonio, Texas. The Warnaco Group, in addition, maintains Calvin Klein Jeans and corresponding outlet stores. A used Boeing 767 was purchased by the People's Republic of China government for use by President Jiang Zemin in 2000. In Asia, there are also signature cK stores that only carry the cK sportswear line. The aircraft is maintained by Martinair. The sportswear and cK lines are mainly sold through North American department stores and in Europe through high-end retail stores. The callsign is PH-KBX; PH for the Netherlands and KBX for 'Koningin BeatriX' or 'Queen Beatrice'.

The New York store, which serves as the company’s flagship store at 654 Madison Ave., remains open till today. It is used to attend international conferences, but also for trips by the queen and the prince royal. Out of the two Calvin Klein Collection stores that existed in the US, the Dallas location in Highland Park Village which had been open for 20 years was closed in mid-2005. The Dutch government operates a Fokker 70(F28-0070) as a means of transport for the Dutch Royal family and government officials, such as the prime minister and other ministers. The stores in Moscow, Barcelona, Rome, Dubai (two locations), Seoul, Singapore and Taipei are maintained by partners. The planes share a similar scheme to Air Force One: Japan spelled out in Kanji and English on the fuselage, a red stripe painted across the windows from nose to tail, and the Hinomaru on the tail and both wings. As of today, there are Calvin Klein Collection stores operated by CKI in New York, Milan and Paris. Japan maintains two 747-47C (20-1101 and 20-1102) aircraft for the Prime Minister, the Emperor and Empress of Japan, and other Government Officials via the Japan Air Self-Defense Force.

In the late 1990s the company opened elegant Calvin Klein Collection stores in Paris, Seoul, and Taipei and ultra-fancy cK Calvin Klein stores in Hong Kong, Milan and Kuwait City. More broadly, the German air force's "standby airlifting unit" (Flugbereitschaft) has about a dozen business jets and helicopters to handle the transportation needs of German senior officials. Italo Zucchelli, a former Jil Sander and Romeo Gigli designer, had collaborated with Calvin Klein for six seasons before he became head designer of the Calvin Klein Collection menswear line in spring 2004. Germany's head-of-government uses the Konrad Adenauer, named after the first chancellor of (West) Germany. Klein directly before the founder’s departure from the company. Air France chartered flights are also used by French officials, most notably the Concorde when it was still in service with that airline. The current creative director for Calvin Klein Collection for women is Brazilian-born Francisco Costa who had already worked with Mr. The ETEC uses 6 Falcon 900 for travels within Europe, and 2 Airbus A319 for medium or long range flights.

for the Calvin Klein women's better sportswear line and with GAV for the ck Calvin Klein bridge sportswear business. France's officials travel with the Escadron de transport, d'entraînement et de calibrage (ETEC, "Transportation, training and calibration squadron"), a unit under direct orders of the Ministry of Defence. The deal will have no impact on the existing US licenses with Kellwood Corp. A Boeing 707-328C XT-BBF, operated by Naganagani, is used to transport the President of Burkina Faso. Fusco remaining in charge after the completion of the deal. The 707 was used until May of 2003, when president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva replaced it for a brand new Airbus A319 Corporate Jetliner, which despite being officially named Santos Dumont, is called Aerolula, in reference to the president's nickname. Additionally, beginning in 2008 and continuing through December 2013, Warnaco will assume the license for Calvin Klein Collection men's and women's apparel and accessories worldwide from Fingen, with Mr. In 1986, president Jose Sarney purchased a Boeing 707, which was known as Sucatão (Big Junk).

Fingen, a company controlled by the Italian Fratini family, had held a 90% share in the European Calvin Klein business – which was managed by Fabio Fusco – since 1995 with CKI owning the remaining 10%. In 1967, Artur da Costa e Silva acquired a BAC-111, which was used until 1976, when president Ernesto Geisel replaced it with two Boeing 737-200. Just recently (December 2005), the Warnaco Group announced that in 2006 they would acquire 100% of the shares of the companies that operate the licenses and related wholesale and retail businesses of Calvin Klein Jeans and accessories in Europe and Asia as well as the cK Calvin Klein bridge line of sportswear and accessories in Europe from Fingen SpA, a Florentine holding company, and Euro Cormar SpA for €240 million. In 1959, president Juscelino Kubitschek replaced it with two Vickers Viscounts. A better sportswear line for men has been designed and developed in-house at CKI and PVH since spring 2004. Brazil has had presidential aircraft since 1941, when Getulio Vargas purchased a Lockheed Lodestar. The cooperation between Kellwood and GAV was ended on friendly terms in September 2005 with Kellwood being left solely responsible for the womens sportswear line while the other parties could focus on their ck Calvin Klein bridge business. In Addition, 412 Squadron operates four Bombardier Challenger 604 business jets (CC-144)[3] for VIP transport.

GAV, a Manhattan based company, already then designed and manufactured for ck Calvin Klein and Emanuel Ungaro. The Canadian Air Force's 437 Squadron operates one of five Airbus A310-300s (CC-150 Polaris) in a VIP configuration for the transport of the Prime Minister, high ranking government officials and foreign dignitaries[2]. Under the terms of the arrangement, Kellwood collaborated with Andrew Grossman and Alexander Vreeland, two seasoned Giorgio Armani executives, who had formed a new business venture named GAV with Jay Schottenstein, chairman and CEO of Schottenstein Stores Corp., to help develop and launch the line in terms of marketing, design and advertising. The prime minister previously flew in custom-configured Royal Australian Air Force Boeing 707s that were larger than the 737s currently in use. of Chesterfield, Missouri had been selected as a strategic licensing partner to produce, source and distribute a Calvin Klein women’s better sportswear line to launch in North, Central and South America in late 2004. 34 Squadron RAAF (which also operates a number of smaller VIP aircraft), based at Fairbairn Airbase, Canberra. In June 2003, CKI announced that Kellwood Corp. The planes are operated by the No.

In early 2003, it was announced that Vestimenta SpA of Italy would be entrusted with the manufacture and distribution of Calvin Klein Collection for men and women – the label’s pricey high-end haute couture designer line which these days is shown on runways during the fashion weeks in New York and Milan – while design, marketing, advertising and public relations as well as control over the distribution of the line remained with CKI. The aircraft are also made available to the British royal family (who are considered Australian Royals when in Australia), and were recently utilized by Prince Charles in 2005. The current President and COO of the CKI division within PVH is Tom Murry, who had filled this position already before the acquisition. The Prime Minister regularly uses the jets for both domestic and international travel. Barry Schwartz was said to concentrate on his role as chairman of the New York Racing Association, a horse-racing club. The two planes also had a range capability more than that of other Boeing Business Jets. Klein has appeared in the news from time to time since then when his name was associated with drug abuse, withdrawal treatments and public nuisance. In 2002, the Royal Australian Air Force acquired two new Boeing Business Jets fitted with facilities such as conference tables, offices suites, secure satellite and communication capabilities for use by Australian officials, especially the Prime Minister, the Minister for Foreign Affairs and the Governor-General.

Mr. [1]. Klein himself, who was included as a person in the 15-year contract he had signed with PVH, remained creative head of the collections but then continued as an advisor (consulting creative director) to the new company from 2003 on and has since more and more withdrawn from the business. In the meantime, two chartered Boeing 747s operated by Aerolineas Argentinas currently serve the Presidential transport role. In the beginning, Mr. Tango-01, however, experienced engine trouble over Israel and is currently stranded in that nation. CKI thus became a wholly owned subsidiary of PVH. Tango 01 has been at times an object of political contention (even a campaign issue during the 1999 Presidential elections), since many politicians and media commentators decry the aircraft as an unnecessary luxury; while others point at the discretion with which the plane is used by several Presidents, their families and their friends and allies for non-official purposes.

The transaction between Calvin Klein and PVH was financially supported by Apax Partners Inc., a New York private equity firm, which is said to have made a $250 million equity investment in PVH convertible preferred stock, as well as a $125 million, two-year secured note, all in exchange for seats on the board of PVH. The current Presidential fleet includes a Boeing 757 popularly known as Tango 01 after its military registry, "T-01" (the "T" stands for "Transport", and is pronounced "Tango" in the NATO Alphabet), a Rockwell Sabreliner, a Fokker F28 and two helicopters, one Sikorsky S-70 and one Sikorsky S-76. It is said that talks between Calvin Klein and PVH had began as early as 2000. This group is known as Agrupación Aérea Presidencial (Presidential Air Group), and belongs to the Argentine Air Force, but comes under the administration of the Casa Militar ("Military House"), the department responsible for Presidential security and transportation. The industry feared that PVH had taken on too much with the acquisition. Argentina operates a small fleet of aircraft and helicopters for the use of the President, family, and senior government officials. In reaction to the announcement of the deal, Phillips-Van Heusen shares closed down 14 cents at $12.54 on the New York Stock Exchange on December 17, 2002. No other mode of transportation for government executives is as well-known as Air Force One; most nations, even industrialized ones, do not maintain a separate aircraft for heads of state and government, although most have a military "VIP fleet" that provides aircraft when senior government officials must travel.

Klein himself had considered Linda Wachner, then CEO of Warnaco Group, a personal enemy. on board the plane. Mr. In the book Deception Point by Dan Brown, Air Force One is described from the exterior and a number of miscellaneous facts are mentioned and one of the main characters meets the President of the U.S. Unable to pay debts from acquisitions and licensing agreements and due to bad publicity by a later dismissed lawsuit with Calvin Klein over selling license products to retailers other than agreed upon with Calvin Klein, Warnaco had filed for chapter 11 protection in mid-2001 but eventually emerged from bankruptcy in February of 2003. These shoes have become popular hip hop icons, and have even been the focus of a 2002 rap song by rapper Nelly aptly titled "Air Force Ones.". The deal with PVH did not include these businesses, they remained with Warnaco. In fashion, the term "Air Force Ones" is used to describe a particular all-white shoe that has been sold by Nike since the 1980s.

PVH outcompeted VF Corp., the maker of Lee and Wrangler jeans, which had also been interested in the jeans, underwear and swimwear business of CK that had been controlled by Warnaco Group, maker of Speedo swimwear, since 1997. Union Pacific 4141 is an EMD SD70ACe locomotive with a paint scheme based on that of Air Force One. Klein based on future sales of the Calvin Klein brand. In the Christian fiction series Left Behind, President Gerald Fitzhugh donates Air Force One to UN Secretary-General Nicolae Carpathia and christens it Global Community One (The Global Community being the name of Nicolae Carpathia's proposed One World Government). The sale also included an ongoing personal financial incentive for Mr. The plane shown in the FMV's looks more like a Boeing 707 with a noticeably higher fuselage profile or the Airbus Beluga than the Boeing 747. (CKI) was finally sold to shirt maker Phillips Van Heusen Corp., whose then CEO Bruce Klatsky was the driving force behind the deal, for about $400 million in cash, $30 million in stock as well as licensing rights and royalties linked to revenues over the following 15 years that were estimated at $200 to $300 million. A stage of the arcade game Ghost Squad has the players retake "Air Force One" from a terrorist group.

In mid-December 2002, Calvin Klein Inc. Further, in the film Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country, the chancellor of the Klingon Empire is carried on a ship called Qo'noS One (pronounced as 'Kronos' - Qo'noS being the name of the Klingon homeworld). Klein's plan once. In both series, presidents take the oath of office in a scene closely modeled after the swearing in of Lyndon Johnson. The company should never manage to go public which had supposedly been Mr. Similarly, in the TV series Babylon 5, the President's ship bears the call sign Earth Force One. Klein announced that his empire was not on the market anymore. The interior and role of the ship were heavily influenced by Air Force One.

After seven months and no potential buyer, Mr. The starship of Colonial President Laura Roslin in the Sci Fi Channel TV series Battlestar Galactica bore the call sign Colonial Heavy 798 until Roslin succeeded President Adar after he was killed in the Cylon attack, at which point it was renamed Colonial One. and Italy's Holding di Partecipazioni proved to be similar disappointments because of CKI's steep price tag of supposedly $1 billion. In Anthony Horowitz's novel Eagle Strike, the teenage spy Alex Rider is trapped inside the hijacked Air Force One, providing the reader a description of the plane's interior. Other potentials like Tommy Hilfiger Corp. After the plane crash lands on Victoria Island, the player must once again rescue the president from enemy forces, encountering portions of the aircraft and furniture thrown from the impact along the way. Planning to expand its business, the company had been approached by two luxury goods companies, LVMH and Pinault Printemps Redoute, to join Calvin Klein but nothing resulted. Then they have to protect the President and get him to the escape pod when aliens conspiring with NSA personnel invade the aircraft mid-flight via a troopship.

Klein was named “America’s Best Designer” for his minimalist all-American designs in 1993, and thus it came as a shocking surprise when in 1999 it was announced again that CKI was up for sale. First they have to sneak aboard the plane at an Alaskan Air Force base. Mr. The player, a secret agent, must attempt to stop the kidnapping of the President during these missions. Although the company almost faced bankruptcy in 1992, Calvin Klein managed to regain and increase the profitability of his empire throughout the later 90s, mainly through the success of its highly popular underwear and fragrance lines as well as the cK sportswear line. Three missions of the Nintendo 64 video game Perfect Dark involve a futuristic Air Force One, and once again featured the escape pod. And indeed, in late 1987, it was said that the sale of the company to Triangle Industries, a container manufacturer, had only failed because of the crashing stock market. Air Force One has been featured in other films (Independence Day, Superman, and Escape from New York, which also featured the unconfirmable escape pod), books (The President's Plane is Missing), and TV series (The West Wing, Commander in Chief, 24 and NCIS).

Financial problems, increased pressure from all sides, disagreements with the licensee of the menswear line and its disappointing sales as well as an enormous employee turnover both within Calvin Klein and its licensing partners led to the first rumors that Calvin Klein Industries, as the company had been known by then, was up for sale. The film was noted for its fancifully exaggerated depiction of the plane's capabilities; for example, the real Air Force One does not officially carry an escape capsule, though this cannot be refuted since the exact specifications of the aircraft are classified at the highest level. His annual income passed $12,000,000. In the film, Russian terrorists hijack Air Force One and hold the President and other passengers hostage. Klein’s clothes were sold through 12,000 stores in the United States and were available in six other countries. Air Force One has often been featured in popular culture and fiction, most notably in the 1997 action movie Air Force One, starring Harrison Ford and directed by Wolfgang Petersen. That year, worldwide retail sales were estimated at more than $600 million. Air Force One is a prominent symbol of the presidency and its power; after the White House, it is probably the most recognized Presidential institution.

The licensing program, which brought in $24,000 when it was initiated in 1974, had royalty income of $7.3 million ten years later. New aircraft to fulfill the role of Air Force One may be acquired as soon as 2010, when the current 747s will be 20 years old. The stunning growth continued through the early eighties. Kennedy is on display at the Pima Air & Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona. Calvin Klein’s underwear business, promoted later in the 1990s with giant billboards of pop singer Mark "Marky Mark" Wahlberg, was so successful that his underpants became generally known as ‘Calvins’. A Douglas VC-118A Liftmaster used by John F. In the 1980s, as the designer-jeans frenzy reached its all-time high, Calvin Klein introduced a highly successful line of boxer shorts for women and a men’s underwear collection which would later gross $70 million in a single year. The Air Force One Pavilion was opened to the public on October 24, 2005.

In the late 1970s, the company also made attempts to set up their own fragrance and cosmetics business but soon learned that they were not able to do it alone and withdrew from the market with big financial losses. The jet is part of a museum of presidential travel, located at this location. The jeans were famously advertised with a commercial featuring a 15-year-old Brooke Shields cooing in 1979/80 that "nothing comes between me and my Calvins" and “I’ve got seven Calvins in my closet, and if they could talk, I’d be ruined.” Controversial advertising, including a series of ads featuring adolescents in sexually evocative poses, has been a recurring theme for the company. The Boeing 707 that served as Air Force One during the 1980s (SAM 27000) is on display at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. In the mid-1970s, he had created a designer-jeans craze by putting his name on the back pocket. Aircraft which have formerly served as Air Force One are on display in the Presidential Hangar of the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson AFB near Dayton, Ohio (Sacred Cow, Independence, Columbine III, SAM 26000, and other smaller Presidential aircraft), as well as the Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington (earlier VC-137B). By 1981, Fortune magazine figured Klein’s annual income at $8.5 million a year. Department of Justice said that the plan was enacted because there was evidence "that the White House and Air Force One were targets.".

In 1978, Klein claimed sales of 200,000 pairs of his famous jeans the first week they were on the market. The following day, officials at the White House and the U.S. After the company signed licenses for cosmetics, jeans, and menswear, Klein’s annual retail volume was estimated at $100 million. Instead of returning to Washington, the Secret Service ordered Air Force One to Barksdale AFB in Louisiana, and then to the former Strategic Air Command (now United States Strategic Command) headquarters at Offut AFB in Nebraska, before returning to Washington. Klein and Schwartz were making $4 million each. Bush from Sarasota, Florida, where he was interrupted at an education event because of the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington. By 1977, annual revenues had jumped to $30 million, and he had licenses for scarves, shoes, belts, furs, sunglasses, and sheets. One of the most dramatic episodes aboard Air Force One happened on September 11, 2001, when it flew President George W.

In 1973 he was awarded the Coty Award for the first time (again in 1974 and 1975) for his 74-piece womenswear collection. Bush to Iraq to spend Thanksgiving with troops stationed there,1 though White House officials later denied this.2. By 1971, sportswear, classic blazers and pant suits as well as lingerie were added to his womens collection portfolio. In November 2003, there was a minor controversy when Air Force One's crew lied to the crew of a passing British Airways jet, informing them that the 416-ton 747 was a 45-ton Gulfstream V corporate jet, while transporting George W. Klein, who was later described as “the supreme master of minimalism”, appeared on the cover of Vogue magazine. Bush was noted for going to the plane's pressroom to talk to reporters far less than his predecessors. In 1969, Mr. Bush added a treadmill to Air Force One.

Hence, the first Calvin Klein collection was a line of men’s and women’s coats at New York retailer Bonwit Teller. President George W. It is more likely though, that Klein showed his work to Bonwit Teller staff. In 1987, Reagan flew on SAM 27000 to Berlin and made his famous "Tear down this wall!" speech. Legend has it that a year later a buyer from Bonwit Teller (a then New York based department store similar to today’s Lord & Taylor) got off the elevator on the wrong floor, and ended up placing a $50,000 order. Former secretary of state Henry Kissinger was also on board. In 1968, Klein and his childhood friend Barry Schwartz, who was to manage the business, then initially founded Calvin Klein Ltd., a coat shop on one of the floors of the York Hotel, in New York City with $10,000. Instead, President Reagan sent Secretary of State Alexander Haig and the living former presidents—Nixon, Ford, and Carter—to the funeral.

Calvin Klein attended the 'High School of Industrial Art' and after graduating at 20 from New York's Fashion Institute of Technology in 1962, he apprenticed at an oldline cloak-and-suit manufacturer and spent five years designing at other New York shops. Because of security concerns, Reagan did not attend the funeral, nor did then-Vice President Bush. . On October 6, 1981, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat was assassinated. [1]. Bush. Klein was the victim of a pieing in 2001 at a fashion premier at New York's Lincoln Center. W.

Swatch manufactures watches under the Calvin Klein brand. The aircraft was delivered in 1990, during the administration of George H. In addition to clothing, Calvin Klein also gave his name to a range of perfumes, including CK One and CK Be (fragrances for everyone, regardless of gender), now owned by "Coty Inc.". Most of the interior was completed in Wichita, Kansas. It is noted by many conservative organizations for its use of seemingly-underage models in pseudo-provocative poses. Ronald Reagan's two terms as President saw no major changes to Air Force One but the fabrication of the current 747s began. The Calvin Klein company, like many in the fashion industry, is known for its eye-catching advertising. Bush until it was replaced by the 747's in 1990.

Speaking in an interview with Bianca Jagger and Andy Warhol for Interview magazine, published not long after the Baron's death Klein said:—. Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and George H.W. He was hailed as the new Yves Saint-Laurent, and was noted for his clean lines and strait cuts on coats and suits. It began service under Nixon and served Gerald R. Calvin Klein was immediately recognised for his talent after his first major showing at New York Fashion Week. SAM 27000 was the primary presidential aircraft for more presidents than any other. Calvin Klein was a protegé of Baron de Gunzburg through whose introductions he became the toast of the New York elite fashion scene before he had his first mainstream success with the launch of his first jeans line. It was President Ford who first decided that the name of the aircraft itself should be Air Force One, along with the call sign.

Calvin Klein was raised in the Jewish immigrant community in the Bronx, New York. Nixon resigned the presidency and departed from Andrews AFB on Air Force One, it was arranged that the plane's call sign would switch from Air Force One to SAM designation (SAM 27000). His name is also a brand name of clothing marketed by his clothing company, which was launched in 1968. In 1974, when Richard M. Calvin Klein (born November 19, 1942, The Bronx, New York City, United States as Richard Klein), is a well-known fashion designer. President Nixon dubbed the presidential airliner The Spirit of 1976, in recognition of the upcoming American bicentennial. Though the mailing lists were discontinued in 2002, the campaign has inspired similar marketing tactics for movies and other retail products. The role SAM 26000 played during the funeral made several points clear:.

These mails came at unpredictable intervals, and were supposed to give readers the feeling that they had some connection with these characters. He also escorted her during the state funeral, also at her request. When these teens mailed these addresses, they would be placed on a mailing list that sent them mails with vague details about the models' lives, with fake details meant to make them more relatable. As the former president was laid to rest at his ranch, retired Brigadier General James Cross, pilot of SAM 26000 in Johnson's day, turned over the flag to his wife, Lady Bird, at her request. When advertising cKone perfume in 1999, they employed a very unusual and groundbreaking campaign that displayed e-mail addresses in print advertisements, targeted at teenagers (such as anna@ckone.com or nick@ckone.com). After the funeral, SAM 26000 brought his body on one final journey home, back to Texas for his burial, landing at Bergstrom AFB in Austin, the airfield Johnson flew into and out of when president. They also play with emerging technologies. Two days later, SAM 26000 brought the former president's body to Washington, coming from Texas for the state funeral the following day.

Another Hollywood star owing his respectable career to the Calvin Klein advertisements is Antonio Sabato Jr.. On January 22, 1973, LBJ died. One of his male underwear models, Mark Wahlberg, went on to fame as hip hop star 'Marky Mark', launching himself into the Hollywood scene as well. Later in 1972, SAM 26000 became the backup aircraft when another 707, SAM 27000, arrived. Calvin Klein's advertising campaigns are frequently controversial, but prove this can be very successful - to the point of making a blitz career. SAM 26000 also carried President Richard Nixon on his historic trips to mainland China and to Russia in 1972. Euphoria (women) [2005]. SAM 26000 flew over Arlington National Cemetery as Kennedy was being laid to rest.

Obsession Night (men and women) [2005]. Johnson took the oath of office, and the plane carried Kennedy's body back to Washington. Eternity Moment (women) [2004]. It was on the plane (while it was at Love Field) that Vice President Lyndon B. Eternity Purple Orchid (women) [2003]. Kennedy to Dallas, Texas, where early that afternoon he was assassinated. Crave (men) [2002]. On November 22, 1963, SAM 26000 carried President John F.

Truth (men and women) [men 2002, women 2000]. A month earlier, it broke 30 speed records when carrying a delegation to Moscow, including the fastest non-stop flight between Washington and Moscow. Contradiction (men and women) [men 1998, women 1997]. In late June 1963, Kennedy flew on SAM 26000 to Berlin, where he made his famous "Ich bin ein Berliner" speech, and to Ireland. cK be (unisex) [1996]. Because the aircraft would be solely for the use of the president, Kennedy asked that the Presidential seal be added to both sides of the nose. cK one (unisex) [1994, ‘Red Hot’ edition 2000, ‘Graffiti’ art edition 2003]. flag painted on the tail.

Escape (men and women) [men 1993, women 1991]. Loewy came up with a powder blue and white design, the same colors used today; he also had the words "United States of America" put on the fuselage's side and the U.S. Eternity (men and women) [1989]. He also commissioned industrial designer Raymond Loewy to create a distinctive exterior for the plane. Obsession (men and women) [men 1986, women 1985]. In 1962, he added a modified, long-range 707 to the fleet—Special Air Missions (SAM) 26000. Calvin (men) [1981]. Kennedy, presidential air travel officially entered the jet age.

Calvin Klein Jeans. With John F. cK. Towards the end of Eisenhower's term, in 1958, the Air Force added three Boeing 707 jets into the fleet. Calvin Klein. President Eisenhower also upgraded Air Force One's technology by adding an air-to-ground telephone and an air-to-ground teletype machine. Calvin Klein Collection. These planes were named Columbine II and Columbine III by Mamie Eisenhower after the official state flower of Colorado, her adopted home state.

Eisenhower also introduced two other propeller aircraft, the Lockheed C-121 Constellations (VC-121E) to Presidential service. The planes accidentally entered the same airspace, and after the incident the unique call sign "Air Force One" was made for the presidential aircraft. The change stemmed from a 1953 incident where an Eastern Airlines commercial flight (8610) had the same call sign as a flight the President was on (Air Force 8610). Eisenhower, the first American president to have been a pilot in his own right.

The call signs were established for security purposes during the administration of Dwight D. This was the first aircraft acting as Air Force One that had a distinctive exterior (an eagle head painted on its nose). He replaced the C-54 with a modified C-118 Liftmaster, calling it the Independence, possibly in reference to President Truman's hometown of Independence, Missouri. Truman became President.

After Roosevelt died in spring 1945, Vice President Harry S. Eleanor Roosevelt use it instead. The Secret Service, not wishing to waste resources, instead put the C-87A plane to use by having Mrs. It carried the president to several important events, most notably the Yalta Conference.

This plane was nicknamed the Sacred Cow and included a sleeping area, radio telephone, and retractable elevator for Roosevelt's wheelchair. However, the plane was no longer used for Roosevelt after another C-87A crashed; the Secret Service reconfigured a C-54 Skymaster as a replacement. This plane was called Guess Where Two. The first aircraft officially designated for Presidential flight was the C-87A Liberator Express, a reconfigured B-24 bomber.

The continuing threat from the submarines established air travel as a usual means of distance transportation for the President. The main reason at the time for presidential air travel was the threat of the German Navy's U-boats in the Atlantic. Roosevelt, who traveled on a Boeing 314 "flying boat" aircraft to a 1943 conference in Casablanca on the progress of World War II. The first president to fly in an airplane while in office was Franklin D.

In the 1940s and 1950s, however, air travel became much more convenient. Lack of telecommunications and quick transportation made long-distance travel impractical, as it took up much time and isolated the President from events in Washington. Prior to World War II, overseas and cross-country presidential travel was rare.
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Many of Air Force One's other capabilities are classified for security reasons. The planes also have electronic countermeasures (ECMs) to jam enemy radar and flares to avoid heat-seeking missiles. All wiring is covered with heavy shielding for protection from an electromagnetic pulse in the event of a nuclear attack. The electronics on board are connected with approximately 238 miles (383 km) of wiring, twice that of a regular 747.

Operational modifications include aerial refueling capability and anti-aircraft missile countermeasures. The planes can also be operated as a military command center in the event of an incident such as a nuclear attack. Most of the furniture on board was hand-crafted by master carpenters. There are also secure and non-secure voice, fax, and data communications.

In the office areas, Air Force One features access to photocopying, printing, and word processing services, as well as telecommunication systems (including 85 telephones and 19 televisions). Whenever Air Force One rolls up to an event, it always comes to a stop with the port side of the aircraft facing gathered onlookers as a security measure to keep the President's side of the aircraft out of view. These offices, including the president's suite, are mostly located on the starboard, and a long corridor runs along the port. In addition, there are separate sleeping quarters for guests, senior staff, Secret Service and security personnel, and the news media; the president's executive suite includes a private dressing room, workout room, lavatory, shower, and private office.

On every flight there is a staff doctor. On board Air Force One are medical facilities, including a fold-out operating table, emergency medical supplies, and a well-stocked pharmacy. Writer Tom Harris notes:. There are three entrances onboard.

The main passenger area is on the second floor, and communications equipment and the cockpit are on the third floor. Meals are prepared in two galleys, which together are equipped to feed about 100 people at a time. The food can supply up to 2,000 meals when fully loaded, some of which is stored in freezers. The planes' lowest levels are mostly cargo space, carrying luggage and the plane's food supply.

The planes' 4,000 square feet (370 m²) of interior floor space include multiple modifications. While Air Force One has three floors, like a regular Boeing 747, its interior has been reconfigured for presidential duties. The planes that serve as Air Force One differ from the standard Boeing 747 in size, features, and security precautions. Marine Corps helicopter, call sign Marine One, between Andrews AFB and the White House.

The President is often flown in a U.S. These aircraft are maintained and operated as military operations by the Presidential Airlift Group, part of Air Mobility Command's 89th Airlift Wing, based at Andrews Air Force Base in Camp Springs, Maryland. . Since its inception, Air Force One has become a symbol of presidential power and prestige.

The Air Force designation for these aircraft was VC-137. Before these planes entered service, two Boeing 707-320B-type aircraft—tail numbers 26000 and 27000—had operated as Air Force One starting in 1962. The VC-25A is capable of flying 12 600 km (7,800 miles)—roughly one-third of the distance around the world—without refueling and can accommodate more than 70 passengers. Air Force solely for the president.

While these planes are only referred to as "Air Force One" while the president is on board, the term is commonly used to describe either of two aircraft normally used and maintained by the U.S. Since 1990, the presidential fleet has consisted of two specifically configured, highly customized Boeing 747-200B series aircraft—tail numbers 28000 and 29000—with Air Force designation VC-25A. Air Force aircraft carrying the President of the United States (it is a common misconception that "Air Force One" refers to a single airplane). Air Force One is the air traffic control call sign of any U.S.

Video of Air Force One arriving at Prestwick Airport with President Bush on board for the G8 Summit. Radio communication of the Air Force One monitored by the Frequency Monitor Centre in the Netherlands[13] (not English). National Museum of the United States Air Force Presidential Aircraft.[12]. United States Air Force.[11].

Truman Library & Museum.[10]. Presidential Jet Air Force One by David Braun National Geographic News, May 29, 2003 [9]. Q&A: U.S. ISBN 1401300049.

Hyperion: 2003. Air Force One: A History of the Presidents and Their Planes. Walsh, Kenneth T. [8].

How Air Force One Works. Harris, Tom. ISBN 1559718943. Northword Press: 2003.

Air Force One: The Aircraft that Shaped the Modern Presidency. Hardesty, Von. ISBN 0760310556. Motorbooks International: 2002.

Air Force One. Dorr, Robert F. ISBN 0698109309. Book Sales: 1979.

Flying White House: The Story of Air Force One. Terhorst. Albertazzie, Ralph, and Jerald F. [7].

July 2003. "Air Force One" United States Air Force. [6]. "Air Force One" The Boeing Company.

The final services honoring LBJ on January 25 spanned the country in one day because of jets. Johnson agreed to the public honors in Washington because so many others from around the world wanted to join in—40,000 paid their respects when the former president lay in state. Even though he died in Texas, Mrs. In fact, it was used most often by LBJ.

It was the aircraft that LBJ used primarily when president.