Calvin CoolidgeJohn Calvin Coolidge, Jr. (July 4, 1872 – January 5, 1933) was the twenty-ninth Vice President (1921-1923) and the thirtieth President of the United States (1923-1929), succeeding to that office upon the death of Warren G. Harding. BiographyHe was born in Plymouth, Windsor County, Vermont on July 4, 1872 to John Calvin Coolidge, Sr. and Victoria Moor. Coolidge was the only president to be born on the 4th of July (Independence Day). He dropped John from his name upon graduating from college. He attended Amherst College, in Massachusetts, graduating in 1895. He practiced law in Northampton, Massachusetts, and was a member of the city council in 1899, city solicitor from 1900-1902, clerk of courts in 1904, and representative from 1907-1908. In 1905, Coolidge married Grace Anna Goodhue. They were complete opposites personality-wise. She was talkative and fun-loving and Coolidge was quiet and serious. Not long after their marriage Coolidge handed her a bag with 52 pairs of holey socks. Grace's reply was "Did you marry me to darn your socks?" Without cracking a smile and with his usual seriousness, Calvin answered, "No, but I find it mighty handy."[1] Coolidge was elected mayor of Northampton in 1910 and 1911, was a member of the State senate 1912-1915, serving as president of that body in 1914 and 1915. He was lieutenant governor of the state from 1916-1918, and Governor from 1919-1920. In 1919, Coolidge gained national attention when he ordered the Massachusetts National Guard to forcefully end the Boston Police Department strike. he later wrote to labor leader Samuel Gompers, "there is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, anytime." [2][3] PresidencyCoolidge made a half-hearted effort to secure the Republican presidential nomination in 1920, losing to Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio. Party leaders wanted to nominate Wisconsin Senator Irvine Lenroot for vice president. However, convention delegates stampeded and nominated Coolidge. The Harding-Coolidge ticket won handily against Ohio Governor James M. Cox and Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt in a landslide, 60.36 to 34.19 percent (404 to 127 in the electoral college). President Coolidge, his wife Grace & Kansas senator Charles Curtis on their way to the Capitol building on inauguration day, March 4, 1925.Harding was inaugurated on March 4, 1921, and served until August 2, 1923. Upon Harding's death, Coolidge became President on August 2, 1923. Coolidge was visiting at the family home, still without electricity or telephone, when he got word of Harding's death. His father, a notary public, administered the oath of office in the family's parlor by the light of a kerosene lamp; Coolidge was resworn by a federal official upon his return to Washington, D.C.
Calvin Coolidge was in Vermont, the morning of August 3rd (EST). Before his election in 1924, Coolidge's younger son, Calvin, Jr., contracted a blister from playing tennis on the White House courts. The blister became infected, and Calvin, Jr. died. After that, Coolidge, a man of few words, who had already earned the nickname "Silent Cal," became more withdrawn. People who knew the President said he never fully recovered from his son's death. He said that "when he died, the glory of the Presidency went with him." On June 2, 1924, President Coolidge had signed a bill granting Native Americans full U.S. citizenship. Coolidge is shown above on October 22, 1924 holding a ceremonial hat given to him by the Smoki Indian tribe of Prescott, Arizona.It is said that a White House dinner guest once made a bet with her friends that she could get the president to say at least three words during the course of the meal. Upon telling Coolidge of her wager, he replied simply with the words "You lose."[4] However another one of Coolidge's dinner guests had this to say "I cannot help feeling that persons who complained about his silence as a dinner partner never really tried to get beyond trivialities to which he did not think it worth while to respond." Even though Coolidge was said to be somewhat tight-lipped, he delivered more speeches than any other president up to that time. Making use of the new medium of radio, he delivered an address about once a month. He also managed to hold 520 press conferences, averaging 7.8 per month, somewhat higher than Franklin D. Roosevelt who averaged about 6.9. [5] Coolidge's press conferences, however, reflected his reticent personality with a vengeance. Louis Lyons, a Washington newsman in the 1920s and later an official of Harvard's Nieman Foundation for Journalism, recalled that Coolidge required all questions to be submitted in advance, written on slips of paper. When reporters were admitted to his office, he would go through the slips, discarding any he had no desire to address. Occasionally, he would flip through the entire stack and announce, "I have no questions today." The reporters were not allowed to quote him directly, or even to attribute his remarks to "a White House spokesman." It was nothing like today's open, sometimes disputatious press conferences. [6] He was easily elected President of the United States in his own right in 1924. Coolidge made use of the new medium of radio and made radio history several times while president: his inauguration was the first presidential inauguration broadcast on radio; on February 12, 1924 he became the first President of the United States to deliver a political speech on radio and on February 22 he also became the first to deliver such a speech from the White House. Coolidge addressing a crowd at Arlington National Cemetery in 1924.Coolidge was the last President of the United States who did not attempt to intervene in free markets, letting business cycles run their course. During his Presidency, the United States experienced a wildly successful period of economic growth: the so-called "Roaring Twenties." Coolidge not only lowered taxes, but also reduced the national debt. Although some later commentators have dismissed Coolidge as a doctrinaire, laissez-faire ideologue, historian Robert Sobel offers some context based on Coolidge's sense of federalism: "As Governor of Massachusetts, Coolidge supported wages and hours legislation, opposed child labor, imposed economic controls during World War I, favored safety measures in factories, and even worker representation on corporate boards. Did he support these measures while president? No, because in the 1920s, such matters were considered the responsibilities of state and local governments." [7] Coolidge, reporters, and cameramenA notable foreign-affairs initiative of the Coolidge administration was the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, named for Coolidge's Secretary of State, Frank Kellogg, and for French foreign minister Aristide Briand. The treaty, ratified in 1929, committed signatories including the U.S., Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Japan to "renounce war, as an instrument of national policy in their relations with one another." [8] Coolidge did not seek renomination; he announced his decision with typical terseness: "I do not choose to run for President in 1928." After leaving office, he and wife Grace returned to Northampton, Mass., where his political career had begun. Retirement and DeathIn his post-White House years, Coolidge served as chairman of the non-partisan Railroad Commission, as honorary president of the Foundation of the Blind, as director of New York Life Insurance Company, as president of the American Antiquarian Society, and as trustee of Amherst College. [9] Coolidge published an autobiography in 1929 and wrote a syndicated newspaper column, "Calvin Coolidge Says," from 1930-1931. He died suddenly of coronary thrombosis at his home, "The Beeches," at 12:45 p.m. in Northampton, Massachusetts on January 5, 1933 at the age of 60. Prior to his death, Coolidge felt disappointed about Hoover's re-election defeat, after which his health began to decline very rapidly. Shortly before his death, Coolidge confided to an old friend: "I feel I no longer fit in these times." Coolidge is buried beneath a simple headstone in Notch Cemetery, Plymouth Notch, Vermont, where the family homestead is maintained as a museum. The State of Vermont dedicated a new historic-site visitors' center nearby to mark Coolidge's 100th birthday on July 4, 1972. [10] An academic conference on Coolidge was held July 30-31, 1998, at the John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library to mark the 75th anniversary of his lantern-light homestead inaugural. [11] CabinetSupreme Court appointmentsCoolidge appointed the following Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States:
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An academic conference on Coolidge was held July 30-31, 1998, at the John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library to mark the 75th anniversary of his lantern-light homestead inaugural. Home Depot management has an ambitious plan to overtake its biggest competitor, Rona, which is about four times its size in number of stores. [10]. The Canadian unit was created with the purchase of Aitkenhead Hardware. The State of Vermont dedicated a new historic-site visitors' center nearby to mark Coolidge's 100th birthday on July 4, 1972. The Canadian operations consists of more than a hundred stores in Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec and Saskatchewan and employs over 18,000 people in Canada. Coolidge is buried beneath a simple headstone in Notch Cemetery, Plymouth Notch, Vermont, where the family homestead is maintained as a museum. The Home Depot Canada is the Canadian unit of Home Depot NYSE: HD and one of Canada's top home improvement retailers. Shortly before his death, Coolidge confided to an old friend: "I feel I no longer fit in these times.". The Home Depot is also the primary sponsor of NASCAR driver Tony Stewart. Prior to his death, Coolidge felt disappointed about Hoover's re-election defeat, after which his health began to decline very rapidly. Company owner Blank also purchased the Atlanta Falcons franchise of the National Football League in February 2002. in Northampton, Massachusetts on January 5, 1933 at the age of 60. Since 1991, the company has become a large supporter of athletics, sponsoring the United States and Canadian Olympic teams, and launching a program to offer employment to athletes that fully allowed for their training and competition schedules. He died suddenly of coronary thrombosis at his home, "The Beeches," at 12:45 p.m. . Coolidge published an autobiography in 1929 and wrote a syndicated newspaper column, "Calvin Coolidge Says," from 1930-1931. [1]. [9]. Given his past tangles with the NYSE, his intentions have been called into question. In his post-White House years, Coolidge served as chairman of the non-partisan Railroad Commission, as honorary president of the Foundation of the Blind, as director of New York Life Insurance Company, as president of the American Antiquarian Society, and as trustee of Amherst College. Now Langone is teaming up with a group of NYSE seat holders as well as some Wall Street executives to come up with their own buyout offer for the exchange. Coolidge did not seek renomination; he announced his decision with typical terseness: "I do not choose to run for President in 1928." After leaving office, he and wife Grace returned to Northampton, Mass., where his political career had begun. Kenneth Langone, former director of the New York Stock Exchange, Home Depot's lead director and the investor who had given Marcus and Blank the seed money to launch their first stores in Atlanta. The treaty, ratified in 1929, committed signatories including the U.S., Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Japan to "renounce war, as an instrument of national policy in their relations with one another." [8]. As with other large retailers, there is also criticism that they are driving older, smaller businesses out through predatory pricing and other tactics. A notable foreign-affairs initiative of the Coolidge administration was the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, named for Coolidge's Secretary of State, Frank Kellogg, and for French foreign minister Aristide Briand. The Home Depot has come under criticism from some environmental groups for selling old-growth rainforest lumber, including lauan, mahogany and other woods. Did he support these measures while president? No, because in the 1920s, such matters were considered the responsibilities of state and local governments." [7]. The Home Depot also owns a chain of higher-end home decorating and appliance stores, EXPO Design Center, as well as a number of specialist Home Depot stores. Although some later commentators have dismissed Coolidge as a doctrinaire, laissez-faire ideologue, historian Robert Sobel offers some context based on Coolidge's sense of federalism: "As Governor of Massachusetts, Coolidge supported wages and hours legislation, opposed child labor, imposed economic controls during World War I, favored safety measures in factories, and even worker representation on corporate boards. companies in 2005. During his Presidency, the United States experienced a wildly successful period of economic growth: the so-called "Roaring Twenties." Coolidge not only lowered taxes, but also reduced the national debt. It was ranked #13 on FORTUNE magazine's FORTUNE 500 list of U.S. Coolidge was the last President of the United States who did not attempt to intervene in free markets, letting business cycles run their course. Its 2004 sales totaled US$73.1 billion. Coolidge made use of the new medium of radio and made radio history several times while president: his inauguration was the first presidential inauguration broadcast on radio; on February 12, 1924 he became the first President of the United States to deliver a political speech on radio and on February 22 he also became the first to deliver such a speech from the White House. The Home Depot is the second-largest retail company based in the United States, behind Wal-Mart. He was easily elected President of the United States in his own right in 1924. Today, The Home Depot is headquartered in Vinings in Cobb County, Georgia. [6]. The Home Depot employs over 325,000 people. Occasionally, he would flip through the entire stack and announce, "I have no questions today." The reporters were not allowed to quote him directly, or even to attribute his remarks to "a White House spokesman." It was nothing like today's open, sometimes disputatious press conferences. The company was founded in 1978 in Atlanta, Georgia by Bernie Marcus and Arthur Blank, and grew rapidly, with sales topping $1 billion annually by 1986. When reporters were admitted to his office, he would go through the slips, discarding any he had no desire to address. The company color is a bright orange, on signs, equipment and employee aprons. Louis Lyons, a Washington newsman in the 1920s and later an official of Harvard's Nieman Foundation for Journalism, recalled that Coolidge required all questions to be submitted in advance, written on slips of paper. Home Depot stores are large, averaging 109,000 ft² (10,000 m²) and warehouse-style, stocking a large range of supplies. [5] Coolidge's press conferences, however, reflected his reticent personality with a vengeance. The Home Depot is the largest home improvement retailer in the world and the third largest retailer overall after Wal-Mart and the French company Carrefour. Roosevelt who averaged about 6.9. The Home Depot operates stores in the United States (including the 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands), Canada, and Mexico. He also managed to hold 520 press conferences, averaging 7.8 per month, somewhat higher than Franklin D. The company operates about 1,900 stores across North America. Making use of the new medium of radio, he delivered an address about once a month. The Home Depot NYSE: HD is a home improvement retailer that aims for both the do-it-yourself consumer and the professional in home improvement construction. Even though Coolidge was said to be somewhat tight-lipped, he delivered more speeches than any other president up to that time. Upon telling Coolidge of her wager, he replied simply with the words "You lose."[4] However another one of Coolidge's dinner guests had this to say "I cannot help feeling that persons who complained about his silence as a dinner partner never really tried to get beyond trivialities to which he did not think it worth while to respond.". It is said that a White House dinner guest once made a bet with her friends that she could get the president to say at least three words during the course of the meal. He said that "when he died, the glory of the Presidency went with him.". People who knew the President said he never fully recovered from his son's death. After that, Coolidge, a man of few words, who had already earned the nickname "Silent Cal," became more withdrawn. died. The blister became infected, and Calvin, Jr. Before his election in 1924, Coolidge's younger son, Calvin, Jr., contracted a blister from playing tennis on the White House courts. Calvin Coolidge was in Vermont, the morning of August 3rd (EST). His father, a notary public, administered the oath of office in the family's parlor by the light of a kerosene lamp; Coolidge was resworn by a federal official upon his return to Washington, D.C. Coolidge was visiting at the family home, still without electricity or telephone, when he got word of Harding's death. Upon Harding's death, Coolidge became President on August 2, 1923. Harding was inaugurated on March 4, 1921, and served until August 2, 1923. Roosevelt in a landslide, 60.36 to 34.19 percent (404 to 127 in the electoral college). Cox and Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. The Harding-Coolidge ticket won handily against Ohio Governor James M. However, convention delegates stampeded and nominated Coolidge. Party leaders wanted to nominate Wisconsin Senator Irvine Lenroot for vice president. Harding of Ohio. Coolidge made a half-hearted effort to secure the Republican presidential nomination in 1920, losing to Senator Warren G. he later wrote to labor leader Samuel Gompers, "there is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, anytime." [2][3]. In 1919, Coolidge gained national attention when he ordered the Massachusetts National Guard to forcefully end the Boston Police Department strike. He was lieutenant governor of the state from 1916-1918, and Governor from 1919-1920. Coolidge was elected mayor of Northampton in 1910 and 1911, was a member of the State senate 1912-1915, serving as president of that body in 1914 and 1915. Grace's reply was "Did you marry me to darn your socks?" Without cracking a smile and with his usual seriousness, Calvin answered, "No, but I find it mighty handy."[1]. Not long after their marriage Coolidge handed her a bag with 52 pairs of holey socks. She was talkative and fun-loving and Coolidge was quiet and serious. They were complete opposites personality-wise. In 1905, Coolidge married Grace Anna Goodhue. He practiced law in Northampton, Massachusetts, and was a member of the city council in 1899, city solicitor from 1900-1902, clerk of courts in 1904, and representative from 1907-1908. He attended Amherst College, in Massachusetts, graduating in 1895. He dropped John from his name upon graduating from college. Coolidge was the only president to be born on the 4th of July (Independence Day). and Victoria Moor. He was born in Plymouth, Windsor County, Vermont on July 4, 1872 to John Calvin Coolidge, Sr. . Harding. John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. (July 4, 1872 – January 5, 1933) was the twenty-ninth Vice President (1921-1923) and the thirtieth President of the United States (1923-1929), succeeding to that office upon the death of Warren G. Calvin Coolidge Presidential Library and Museum. Wombats and Such: Calvin and Grace Coolidge and Their Pets. Coolidge effect. presidential election, 1924. U.S. presidential election, 1920. U.S. "There is no right to strike against the public safety of anybody, anywhere, any time."*. "The chief business of the American people is business."*. "I do not choose to run for President in 1928.". Without looking at her he quietly retorted, "You lose."). "You lose." (His wife, Grace Goodhue Coolidge, recounted that a young woman sitting next to Coolidge at a dinner party confided to him she had bet she could get at least three words of conversation from him. If the foundation be firm, the foundation will stand.". We do not need more of the things that are seen, we need more of the things that are unseen. We do not need more law, we need more religion. We do not need more government, we need more culture. We do not need more knowledge, we need more character. "We do not need more intellectual power, we need more moral power. "The nation which forgets its defenders will be itself forgotten.". The slogan "press on" has solved and always will solve the problems of the human race.". Persistence and determination alone are omnipotent. Education will not; the world is full of educated derelicts. Genius will not; unrewarded genius is almost a proverb. Talent will not; nothing is more common than unsuccessful people with talent. "Nothing in the world can take the place of persistence. It means looking out for yourself by looking out for your country.". "Patriotism is easy to understand in America. "I have noticed that nothing I never said ever did me any harm.". "Collecting more taxes than absolutely necessary is legalized robbery.". Signed Revenue Act of 1928. Signed Radio Act of 1927. Signed Revenue Act of 1926. Signed Revenue Act of 1924. Signed Immigration Act of 1924. Harlan Fiske Stone - 1925. Harding died in California, August 2nd (PST),. Note: Warren G. |