California

A regularly recurring issue in California politics is whether the state should continue to aggressively expand its freeway network or concentrate on improving mass transit networks in urban areas. Detroit has several sister cities, including. The rapidly growing population of the state is straining all of its transportation networks. For a more extensive list see People from Detroit. Both Greyhound and Amtrak provide intercity bus service. Detroit has been home to luminaries from virtually every major sport, including boxing Joe Louis, baseball (Ty Cobb and Al Kaline of the Detroit Tigers), hockey (Gordie Howe of the Detroit Red Wings), basketball Isiah Thomas of the Pistons) and football (Barry Sanders of the Lions). Nearly all counties operate bus lines, and many cities operate their own bus and light rail lines as well. Durant and the Dodge Brothers.

San Diego has Trolley light rail and Coaster commuter rail services. The auto industry has spawned its own cast of significant names, particularly such pioneers as Henry Ford, William C. Altamont Commuter Express (ACE) connects Tracy, Livermore and other edge cities with Silicon Valley. Artists such as Eminem and Aaliyah are among the celebrities who have kept the musical pipeline flowing. Metrolink commuter rail serves much of Southern California, and Caltrain commuter rail connects San Jose to San Francisco. Detroit's rich musical heritage has produced a vast roster of hit makers, from R&B artists such as Smokey Robinson and Aretha Franklin to rockers such as Bob Seger and Ted Nugent. San Jose and Sacramento have only light rail. Detroit also has a light rail system known as the People Mover, providing a 2.9 mile loop in the downtown area. Although it has faced massive criticism for its lack of punctual service and high cost, the People Mover continues to operate daily.

San Francisco and Los Angeles both have rapid rail/subway networks, in addition to light rail. In recent years the Southeast Michigan Transportation Authority has been established with the goal of expanding and integrating the transit systems located in the Detroit Metro area. Intercity rail travel is provided by Amtrak. Service in the suburbs is provided by Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation (SMART). The Port of Oakland handles most of the ocean containers passing through Northern California. Transit services in the City of Detroit are provided by the Detroit Department of Transportation (DDOT), they provide an extensive, if not erratic, bus service throughout the city and very near suburbs. The giant seaport complex formed by the Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Long Beach in Southern California is the largest in the country and responsible for handling about a fourth of all container cargo traffic in the United States. Also the city has two international border crossings, the Ambassador Bridge and the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel, both linking Detroit to Windsor, Ontario on the Canadian side by crossing the Detroit River.

California also has several excellent seaports. Detroit is the crossroads for six major Interstate Highways, including I-75, I-94, I-96, I-696, I-275, and I-375. There are about a dozen important commercial airports and many more general aviation airports throughout the state's 58 counties. Because of its gateway between the United States and Canada and its major industrial status — along with its major highways, rail connections and international airport — Detroit has been an important transportation hub. As for air travel, San Francisco International Airport and Los Angeles International Airport are major hubs for trans-Pacific and transcontinental traffic. Comerica Park will host the 2005 MLB All Star Game in July 2005, and Ford Field will host Super Bowl XL in February 5, 2006. only by New York City for severe traffic congestion. CART continued downtown until 1992, when the race was moved to another temporary course on Belle Isle where the race remained through 2001.

Most Californians usually resort to the roads for their commutes, errands, and vacations, which is why California's cities have a reputation equalled in the U.S. Detroit was also the former home of a round of the Formula One World Championship, holding a race on the streets of downtown Detroit from 1982 until 1987, after which the sanction moved from Formula One to Indycars. California's vast terrain is connected by an extensive system of freeways, expressways, and highways, all maintained by Caltrans and patrolled by the California Highway Patrol. It is the world's only cross-national marathon. One thing they all have in common is a state mandate to teach fourth grade students about the history of California, including the role of the early missions; most schools implement this by requiring students complete a multiple medium project. Detroit is home to the Detroit International Marathon, which crosses the border into Canada via the Ambassador Bridge and returns to the United States through the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel. In poor regions, literacy rates may fall below 70%. A world record was set on December 13, 2003, when the largest crowd in basketball history — 78,129 — packed Ford Field to watch the University of Kentucky defeat Michigan State University, 79–74.

In some regions, administrative costs divert a significant amount of educational monies from instructional purposes. In college sports, the University of Detroit Mercy has a NCAA Division I program, and Wayne State University has both NCAA Division I and II programs. The quality of the local schools depends strongly on the local tax base, and the size of the local administration. A Red Wings marketing campaign in the late 1990s launched the nickname Hockeytown, a city moniker subsequently embraced by local fans and national media. The primary schools are of varying effectiveness. Detroit is perhaps the most fervent hockey hotbed in the United States. Mandatory full-time instruction begins at age 6. Like many industrial cities, Detroit is known for its avid fans, particularly in such blue-collar sports as football (Detroit Lions) and hockey (Detroit Red Wings).

Elementary schools teach pure skills, history and social studies, with optional half-day kindergartens beginning at age 5. There are three active major sports venues in the city: Comerica Park for baseball, Ford Field for football and Joe Louis Arena for ice hockey. In many districts, junior high schools or middle schools teach electives with a strong skills-based curriculum, for ages from 11 to 13. cities with teams from four major sports.). They accept students from roughly age 14 to 18, with mandatory education ceasing at age 16. All but one play within the city of Detroit (basketball's Detroit Pistons play in suburban Auburn Hills). (See also: U.S. Secondary education consists of high schools that teach elective courses in trades, languages and liberal arts with tracks for gifted, college-bound and industrial arts students. Detroit is home to professional teams representing the four major sports in North America.

Near Los Angeles, there are numerous art and film institutes, including the prestigious Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and the CalArts Institute. Once the home of the University of Michigan, which was founded in Detroit in 1817 then later moved to Ann Arbor in 1837, Detroit has several universities and colleges within its borders, including:. For example, Southern California, with one of the highest densities of post-secondary institutions in the world, has a very large base of classically trained vocalists that compete in large choir festivals. In 2004, following numerous scandals and legal decisions, a court-ordered reorganization of the Detroit Police Department was underway with supervision of the FBI. This leads to many unique entertainment and educational opportunities for residents. He has also been criticised for his lack in improving the city. California has hundreds of private colleges and universities, including many religious and special-purpose institutions. Since taking office, however, the mayor and his administration have found themselves dogged by ongoing accusations of scandal and impropriety. Detroit's major media have relentlessly pursued the stories, including reports of wild parties involving strippers at the mayoral mansion [3] (http://www.freep.com/news/locway/probe15_20030515.htm), though the mayor has strongly denied accusations of wrongdoing.

Preeminent private institutions include Stanford University, the University of Southern California (USC), and the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) (which administers the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA). Widely considered a hot rising political star when he won election in 2001, Democratic Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick has been dubbed "America's hip-hop mayor" because of his fond appreciation for black youth culture. The system serves a student population of over 2.9 million. No Republican has been elected mayor of Detroit in the past 40 years. It is composed of 109 colleges organized into 72 districts. Democratic Party. It also provides lower division general-education courses, whose credit units are transferable to the CSU and UC systems. As with most large urban centers in the United States, Detroit consistently supports the U.S.

It awards certificates and associate degrees. See also List of mayors of Detroit, Michigan. The California Community Colleges system provides vocational education, remedial education, and continuing education programs. The current mayor is Kwame Kilpatrick. Lower-division course credits are frequently transferable to the University of California. Municipal elections are held every year congruent to 1 modulo 4 (e.g., 1993, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2009, ...). It is intended to accept most college-bound high-school students, while carrying out some research, especially in applied sciences. The city is run by the mayor and a nine member city council, elected at large on a nonpartisan ballot.

With over 400,000 students, the CSU system is the largest university system in the United States. Instead of just locking criminals behind prison bars, Detroit is beginning to realize that community ties, dealing with poverty and educating the youth are the most effective methods of prevention. The California State University system provides education for teachers, the trades, agriculture and industry. Despite its high crime rates, the local communities and the government are working together to curb the street crimes and are working into the local neighborhoods to provide better housing and economic conditions. The University of California also administers federal laboratories for the Federal Department of Energy: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Los Alamos National Laboratory. Most of the suburbs mentioned are predominantly white and have contrasting demographics. An eleventh campus, in Merced, is scheduled to open in 2005.[1] (http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/campuses/welcome.html) The UC system is intended to accept students from the top 12.5% of college-bound students, and provide most graduate studies and research. They include Farmington Hills, Troy, and Sterling Heights.

A tenth campus, in San Francisco, teaches only law. Sharply contrasting the dangerous streets of Detroit, many of the suburbs to the north of 8 Mile Road in Oakland and Macomb counties are among the 25 safest cities in the United States with a population of 75,000 or above. A ninth campus, in San Francisco, teaches only graduate health-sciences students. The various street gangs which patrol the streets have caused much of the violence and crime. The eight general campuses are in Berkeley, Los Angeles, Davis, Santa Cruz, Santa Barbara, Irvine, Riverside, and San Diego. Major crimes in Detroit include burglary, theft, carjacking, robbery, rape, assault, and homicide. The preeminent state university is the 9-campus University of California, which employs more Nobel Prize winners than any other institution in the world and is considered one of the finest public higher-education systems in the country. Many of these problems can be blamed on the widespread urban decay, poverty, de facto segregation of African Americans, and unemployment that has struck Detroit.

California's educational system is supported by a unique constitutional amendment that requires 40% of state revenues to be spent on education. Listed as the second most dangerous city by the Morgan Quitno Corporation's statistics [2] (http://www.morganquitno.com/) (after Camden, New Jersey), Detroit has been one of the most crime-ridden cities in the United States. Main article: List of colleges and universities in California. City has looming budget deficit estimated at $214 to $400 million, and default or rising of taxes is expected. 1 Belvedere, California - Marin County - $113,595
2 Rancho Santa Fe, California - San Diego County - $113,132
3 Atherton, California - San Mateo County - $112,408
4 Rolling Hills, California - Los Angeles County - $111,031
5 Woodside, California - San Mateo County - $104,667
6 Portola Valley, California - San Mateo County - $99,621
7 Newport Coast, California - Orange County - $98,770
8 Hillsborough, California - San Mateo County - $98,643
9 Diablo, California - Contra Costa County - $95,419
10 Fairbanks Ranch, California - San Diego County - $94,150
11 Hidden Hills, California - Los Angeles County - $94,096
12 Los Altos Hills, California - Santa Clara County - $92,840
13 Tiburon, California - Marin County - $85,966
14 Sausalito, California - Marin County - $81,040
15 Monte Sereno, California - Santa Clara County - $76,577
16 Indian Wells, California - Riverside County $76,187
17 Malibu, California - Los Angeles County - $74,336
18 Del Monte Forest, California - Monterey County - $70,609
19 Piedmont, California - Alameda County - $70,539
20 Montecito, California - Santa Barbara County - $70,077
21 Palos Verdes Estates, California - Los Angeles County - $69,040
22 Emerald Lake Hills, California - San Mateo County - $68,966
23 Loyola, California - Santa Clara County - $68,730
24 Blackhawk-Camino Tassajara, California - Contra Costa County - $66,972
25 Los Altos, California - Santa Clara County - $66,776
See complete list of California places. In addition to property tax, the city levies an income tax of 2.65% on residents, 1.325% on non-residents, and 1.6% on corporations. The following list is ranked by per capita income:. Other major industries include advertising, computer software and casino gambling.

Thanks to the state's powerful economy, certain California cities are among the wealthiest on the planet, as evidenced by large numbers of extravagant mansions, sports cars, and beautiful people. Metro Detroit is also home to the national pizza chains Domino's and Little Caesars. The state of California has many cities, and the majority of them are within one of the large metropolitan areas below. Including the Big Three, there are 17 Fortune 500 companies headquartered in metro Detroit, including Kmart Corporation, Borders Books and Music, Comerica Inc., Federal-Mogul, Kelly Services and Lear Corporation. The three largest Protestant denominations in California are: Baptist (30% of total state population), Methodist (10%), and Lutheran (6%). According to one saying, "When the auto industry hiccups, Detroit coughs, and when the auto industry catches a cold, Detroit gets pneumonia.". The religious affiliations of the people of California are as follows:. But there's a flip side to the automotive dominance: Because of its almost singular dependence on the auto industry, Detroit is more acutely vulnerable to economic cycles than most large cities.

Religion. It is not uncommon in Detroit to hear radio ads or to spy billboards in which multimillion-dollar auto corporations make insider sales pitches to one another. Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, California ranks:. Detroit and its suburbs constitute a manufacturing powerhouse, most notably as home to the American automobile industry and the Big Three auto companies. General Motors is based in Detroit, Ford Motor Company in nearby Dearborn, and one of the two world headquarters for DaimlerChrysler in Auburn Hills (the other is in Stuttgart, Germany). Dotting the Detroit landscape are countless offices and plants in the automotive support business: parts, supplies, electronics, and design. Rankings. In 2004, Men's Fitness magazine named Detroit the fattest city in the U.S. California has the second-largest Asian population (percentage-wise) of any state, Hawaii having the largest. Out of the total population, 34.5% of those under the age of 18 and 18.6% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Because of high levels of immigration from Latin America, especially Mexico, and higher birth rates among the Hispanic population, Hispanics are predicted to become a majority around 2040. 26.1% of the population and 21.7% of families are below the poverty line. Hispanics make up almost one-third of the population; in order, other groups are Asian Americans, African Americans and American Indian. The per capita income for the city is $14,717. It is the third minority-majority state, after Hawaii and New Mexico. Non-Hispanic Whites are still the largest group, but are no longer a majority of the population due to high levels of immigration in recent years. Males have a median income of $33,381 versus $26,749 for females. California lacks a majority ethnic group. The median income for a household in the city is $29,526, and the median income for a family is $33,853.

California's population is:. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 83.5 males. Race and Sex. For every 100 females there are 89.1 males. California is the most populous state in the U.S., and contains about 12% of the U.S.'s population. The median age is 31 years. Census Bureau reports California's 2000 population as 33,871,648, and estimates its 2003 population as 35,484,453. In the city the population is spread out with 31.1% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who are 65 years of age or older.

The U.S. The average household size is 2.77 and the average family size is 3.45. Population. 29.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.2% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. See also: California unemployment statistics. There are 336,428 households out of which 33.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.7% are married couples living together, 31.6% have a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% are non-families. Recent (Spring 2005) economic data (http://uclaforecast.com) indicates that economic growth has resumed in California, although still slightly below the national annualized forecast of 3.9%. 4.96% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

The high-technology sectors in Northern California, specifically Silicon Valley, in Santa Clara and San Mateo counties, are currently emerging from economic depression caused by the dot.com bust, which caused the loss of over 250,000 jobs in Northern California alone. The racial makeup of the city is 81.55% Black or African American, 12.26% White, 0.33% Native American, 0.97% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 2.54% from other races, and 2.32% from two or more races. While some coastal cities include some of the wealthiest per-capita areas in the U.S., notably San Francisco and Marin County, the non-agricultural central counties have some of the highest poverty rates in the U.S. There are 375,096 housing units at an average density of 2,703.0/mi² (1,043.6/km²). Most farm managers are highly educated, most with at least master's degrees. The population density is 6,855.1/mi² (2,646.7/km²). The Central Valley has the most extreme contrasts of income, with migrant farm workers making less than minimum wage, contrasted with farmers who frequently manage multimillion-dollar farms. As of the census² of 2000, there are 951,270 people, 336,428 households, and 218,341 families residing in the city.

Per capita income varies widely by geographic region and profession. Some of the Current and historic neighborhoods in Detroit include: Black Bottom, Brush Park, Corktown, Chaldean Town, Cultural Center, Del Ray, East English Village, Eastern Market, Greektown, Indian Village, Mexicantown, New Center, Old Redford, Palmer Woods, Poletown, Rosedale Park, Springwells, and Warrendale. Per capita personal income is $33,415 as of 2003, ranking 12^th in the nation. 100,545) has been described in news reports as "the whitest American city" as the 2000 census revealed that 97 percent of its population identified themselves as white. This is followed by aerospace; entertainment, primarily television by dollar volume, although many movies are still made in California; and light manufacturing including computer hardware and software, and the mining of borax. Detroit is more than four-fifths African-American, while nearby Livonia (pop. The predominant industry, more than twice as large as the next largest, is agriculture, (including fruit, vegetables, dairy, and wine). On the east side, the aptly (although unintentionally) named Alter Road separates Detroit from affluent Grosse Pointe.

If California was considered as an independent self-sufficient economy, it would be ranked the 6th, ahead of France. While less prevalent than in the 1970s and 1980s, perceptions of racial segregation continue to provoke criticism and soul-searching in the Detroit area. 8 Mile Road, the boundary between the city and suburban Oakland and Macomb counties, is more than a line on a map; it is often held up by politicians and sociologists as a symbolic dividing wall between blacks and whites. state, and every country in the world (by Purchasing Power Parity) save for the other combined 49 United States, China, Japan, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The Michigan Chronicle, the state's largest black-owned newspaper, is based in Detroit. The state's GDP, which at $1.4 trillion USD (as of 2003), is greater than that of every other U.S. Other communities with large black populations include Southfield, Pontiac and Oak Park, which are all north of the former segregation boundary 8 Mile Road. California is responsible for 14% of the United States' gross domestic product (GDP). About three-fourths of them live within the city limits.

Many California endemics have become endangered, as urbanization, logging, overgrazing, and the introduction of exotic species have encroached on their habitat. African Americans are a major racial group in the area, numbering more than 1 million. California's great abundance of species of California lilac (Ceanothus) is an example of adaptive radiation. The southwest side of the city contains a large Mexican American community, while significant populations of Chinese, Indian, Korean and Filipino ancestry are found in Oakland County, notably in Troy. Many other endemics originated through differentiation or adaptive radiation, whereby multiple species develop from a common ancestor to take advantage of diverse ecological conditions. Recently, the area has witnessed the growth of Asian American and Hispanic communities. California endemics include relict species that have died out elsewhere, including the redwoods and the Catalina Ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus). Detroit is also home to large Chaldean and Arab American populations, and suburban Dearborn is home to the country's largest concentration of Arab Americans.

California has a rather high percentage of endemic species. Detroit's ethnic communities are largely the descendants of those Poles, Irish, Italians and Greeks who made their way to the city during its early 20th-century industrial boom. The state of California is part of the Nearctic ecozone, and spans a number of terrestrial ecoregions, and is perhaps the most ecologically diverse state in the United States. Traces of the Southern accent can still be heard in these areas, mingling with the more nasal Midwest accent to create a distinctive pattern of speech. California's diverse geography, geology, soils and climate have generated a tremendous diversity of plant and animal life. Metro Detroit residents with Southern origin possibly comprise a majority of the region's population; they most certainly do in suburban sectors such as Downriver, where newcomers established communities upon their arrival. Ecologically, California is one of the richest and most diverse parts of the world, and includes some of the most endangered ecological communities. Detroit's population increased more than sixfold during the first half of the 20th century, thanks largely to a massive influx of Southern migrants—both white and black—who came to the area for the burgeoning automobile industry jobs.

Main article: Ecology of California. Throughout the city, French colonial influence is found prominently in place names (Gratiot Ave., Beaubien St., Cadieux Rd., Chene Park), though only a small percentage of area residents are descended from 18th-century French settlers. The low deserts east of the southern California mountains, including the Imperial and Coachella valleys and the lower Colorado River, are part of the Sonoran Desert, with hot summers and mild winters; the higher elevation deserts of eastern California, including the Mojave Desert, Owens Valley, and the Modoc Plateau, are part of the Great Basin region, with hot summers and cold winters. In 2003, the three-day number was 117. California's desert climate regions lie east of the high Sierra Nevada and southern California's Transverse Ranges and Peninsular Ranges. 29–31 period, according to city officials, representing a 30 percent decline in total fires and a 41 percent decline in suspicious fires. On the east side of the mountains is a drier "rain shadow". The Angel's Night campaign, launched in the late 1990s, draws thousands of volunteers to patrol the streets during Halloween week. The effort has largely squelched Devil's Night arson: In 2002, there were just 110 fires during the Oct.

The high mountains, including the Sierra Nevada, have a mountain climate with snow in winter and moderate heat in summer. The city faced hundreds of arsons, often in the city's many abandoned homes, each year on Devil's Night, the evening before Halloween. The Central Valley has a Mediterranean climate, but with greater temperature extremes than the coastal areas; parts of the valley are often filled with thick fog, similar to that found in the coastal valleys. For a more extensive list, see: Detroit in the movies. Northwestern California has a temperate climate with rainfall of 15-40 inches (38-102 cm) per year. Detroit is a setting and/or filming location for several Hollywood feature films including as well as some television series:. Westerly winds from the ocean also bring moisture, and the northern parts of the state generally receive higher rainfall than the south. California's mountain ranges influence the climate as well; moisture-laden air from the west cools as it ascends the mountains, dropping moisture; some of the rainiest parts of the state are west-facing mountain slopes. Detroit (and its suburbs) is the setting for a number of novels and short story collections, including:.

As one moves away from the coast, the climate becomes more continental, with hotter summers and colder winters. Information on the Nain Rouge and other Detroit oddities has been compiled at the Web site Mythic Detroit (http://www.davidaspitzley.org/MythicDetroit). The influence of the ocean generally moderates temperature extremes, creating cooler summers and warmer winters, and the cold oceanic California Current offshore often creates summer fog near the coast. Detroit is said to be home to the Nain Rouge, the red dwarf who is said to attack people and bring bad luck to the city. Most of the state has a Mediterranean climate, with rainy winters and dry summers. The nearby city of Hamtramck is noted for its pączkis. Different regions of California have very different climates, depending on their latitude, elevation, and proximity to the coast. On the festival of Fat Tuesday (also known as Pączki Day, though traditionally celebrated by Poles on Fat Thursday), occurring on the last Tuesday before Lent, many metro Detroiters join in the festivity by indulging in jelly-filled donuts called pączkis.

Other volcanoes include Lassen Peak, which erupted from 1914 and 1921, and Mount Shasta. Founded in 1907 by two Russian immigrant brothers in Detroit, Faygo soda remains a Detroit tradition, and is sold internationally. California is also home to several volcanoes, some active such as Mammoth Mountain. The sculpture, commissioned by Sports Illustrated magazine and executed by Robert Graham, is a 24-foot-long arm with a fisted hand suspended by a 24-foot-high pyramidal framework. Notable movies in which the possible destruction of much of California by an earthquake includes the titles Earthquake, A View to a Kill, Escape from L.A. and Superman. A memorial to Joe Louis at the intersection of Jefferson and Woodward Avenues was dedicated on October 16, 1986. The fact that this scenario is completely implausible from a geologic standpoint does not lessen its acceptance in public conventional wisdom, or its exploitation by the producers of science fiction and fantasy media. Other cultural centers include the Motown Historical Museum, Detroit Historical Museum, Museum of African American History, Detroit Science Center, Tuskegee Airmen Museum, Historic Fort Wayne, Dossin Great Lakes Museum and the Belle Isle Conservatory.

Popular legend has it that, eventually, a huge earthquake will result in the splitting of coastal California from the continent, either to sink into the ocean or form a new landmass. Other city recreational facilities include municipal golf courses (William Rogell, Rouge, Belle Isle, Palmer Park), Northwest Activities Center, Detroit Zoo and the Belle Isle Aquarium (though unfortunately, the Belle Isle Aquarium and Zoo are closed as of April 2005, though there is a movement to reopen them). While more powerful earthquakes in the United States have occurred in Alaska and along the Mississippi River, California earthquakes are notable in their frequency and location in highly populated areas. Major parks include Belle Isle, Palmer Park, River Rouge Park, Chene Park and Campus Martius Park. California is famous for its earthquakes due partly to the presence of the San Andreas Fault. Major theaters include the Fox Theatre, Masonic Temple Theatre, Fisher Theatre, State Theatre, Music Hall, and the Detroit Repertory Theatre. To the northeast of the Mojave lies Death Valley, which contains the lowest, hottest point in North America. The city is home to the Detroit Symphony Orchestra and the Detroit Opera House.

The south-central desert is called the Mojave. The Detroit Institute of Arts houses what is considered to be one of the most prominent American collections outside New York City, and features showcase pieces by Diego Rivera, Picasso and Van Gogh along with such hometown artists as Charles McGee. In the south lie the Transverse Ranges and a large salt lake, the Salton Sea. Detroit is also considered the birthplace of techno music, and hosts a large electronic music festival in Hart Plaza each Spring. To the west is Clear Lake, California's largest freshwater lake by area. In recent years, Detroit has assumed a kind of gritty, hip cachet around the world, thanks largely to such modern ambassadors as the White Stripes, Eminem, the Electric Six, and Kid Rock. To the east of the Sierra are Owens Valley and Mono Lake, an essential seabird habitat. Notable 1970s and 1980s rock music performers hailing from the Detroit area include the Stooges, the MC5, and the Romantics.

Also located in the Sierra are the world famous Yosemite National Park and a deep freshwater lake, Lake Tahoe, the largest lake in the state by volume. The city is also regarded as the quintessential Rock 'n Roll town, due to its receptive and enthusiastic rock music audiences. In the center and east of the state are the Sierra Nevada, containing the highest peak in the continental U.S., Mount Whitney, at 14,505 feet (4421 m). until 1972, was home to some of the most popular recording acts in the world, including Marvin Gaye, The Temptations, and Detroit area natives Stevie Wonder, Diana Ross & the Supremes, Smokey Robinson & The Miracles, The Four Tops, and Martha Reeves & the Vandellas. With dredging, several of these rivers have become sufficiently large and deep that several inland cities, notably Stockton, California, are seaports. The label, founded in Detroit by Berry Gordy, Jr., and housed at the "Hitsville U.S.A." building on West Grand Ave. Mountain-fed rivers, dams, and canals provide water to irrigate the Central Valley. One of the highlights of Detroit's musical history was the success of Motown Records during the 1960s and early 1970s.

Down the center of the state lies the Central Valley, a huge, fertile valley bounded by the coastal mountain ranges in the west, the granite Sierra Nevada to the east, the volcanic Cascade Range in the north and the Tehachapi Mountains in the south. Music has been the dominant feature of Detroit's nightlife since the late 1940s, and both city and suburbs teem with live music venues. California has extremely varied geography. Sister arena The Palace of Auburn Hills typically ranks in the top three, often ahead of such high-profile venues as New York's Madison Square Garden. However, the capital, Sacramento is in the Central Valley. 1 summer concert venue in the United States in both attendance and box office gross, according to Pollstar and Billboard magazines. Most major cities cling to the cool, pleasant seacoast along the Pacific, notably San Francisco, San Jose, Los Angeles, Santa Ana/Orange County, and San Diego. In 2004, as in most previous years, DTE Energy Music Theater in nearby Clarkston, Michigan was the No.

With an area of 410,000 km² it is the third largest state in the U.S. Within the entertainment industry, Detroit is widely regarded as one the country's strongest markets—perhaps the strongest in per capita terms—particularly in live music and theater. The state has striking natural features, including an expansive central valley, high mountains, and hot dry deserts. Detroit is sometimes called Murda-Town or The D by locals, notably those within the hip-hop community. California borders the Pacific Ocean, Oregon, Nevada, Arizona, and the Mexican state of Baja California. Detroit sits atop a large salt mine[1] (http://info.detnews.com/history/story/index.cfm?id=17&category=business).
. Main article: Geography of California. Also notice the three systems of roads: the oldest French roads running perpendicular to the river, radial roads from a Washington, D.C.-inspired system and true north-south roads from the Northwest Ordinance township system.

See also: List of California Governors, US Congressional Delegations from California, List of California counties, List of California ballot propositions. Clair (northernmost) and Lake Erie. Bush received a majority of votes in more than half the counties, but still lost California by 9%. In the satellite photograph [left], the two large bodies of water are Lake St. In 2004, George W. The total area is 2.92% water. While California is among the most Democratic and liberal states in the nation, there are areas of California which are politically very conservative, notably Orange and San Diego counties. 359.4 km² (138.8 mi²) of it is land and 10.8 km² (4.2 mi²) of it is water.

House of Representatives. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 370.2 km² (142.9 mi²). 33 Democrats and 20 Republicans represent the state in the U.S. Detroit completely encircles the cities of Hamtramck and Highland Park. Senators from California are Democrats Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer. It lies north of Windsor, Ontario—Detroiters sometimes quip that Canada is "our neighbor to the south." Detroit features two public border crossings, the Ambassador Bridge and Detroit-Windsor Tunnel, with a railroad tunnel also connecting the two countries. The two U.S. Clair, in southeastern Michigan.

California has the most Congressmen and Presidential Electors of any state. Detroit is located on the north bank of the Detroit River, between Lake Erie and Lake St. Electoral College. Many downtown centers draw partons and host activities; Greektown, Eastern Market and the Michigan State Fairgrounds and the new Campus Martius Park. It has 55 electoral votes in the U.S. Significant landmarks such as the Fox Theater and the Gem Theater have been restored and now host concerts, musicals and plays. At the national level, California is represented by two senators and 53 representatives. The 2004 opening of the Compuware Center gave downtown Detroit its first significant new office building in a decade.

California's legal system is explicitly based on English common law but carries a few features from Spanish civil law. In 2000, Comerica Park replaced historic Tiger Stadium as the home of the Detroit Tigers—a move that brought some controversy—and Ford Field (2002) brought football's Detroit Lions back into Detroit from suburban Pontiac. California judges are always appointed by the Governor but must be regularly reconfirmed by the electorate. In 1996 a state referendum paved the way for three Detroit casinos—MGM Detroit, Motor City Casino and Greektown Casino—with the goal of increasing tourism and stemming the flow of gambling dollars to nearby Windsor, Ontario. California's giant judiciary is supervised by the seven Justices of the Supreme Court of California. "Renaissance" has been a perennial buzzword among generations of city leaders, particularly during the construction and completion of the Renaissance Center, but it was not until the 1990s that Detroit enjoyed something of a bona fide revival, much of it centered downtown. The capital moved to Sacramento for good on February 25, 1854, except for a four-month temporary move in 1862 to San Francisco due to severe flooding in Sacramento. Though those figures have decreased in recent years, the crime rate remains high.

The capital moved to Sacramento temporarily in 1852 when construction on a State House could not be completed in time in Vallejo. During the latter half of the twentieth century, Detroit's crime figures were often among the highest in the country. In California's early history, the capital was located in Monterey (1775-1849), San Jose (1849-1851), Vallejo (1852-1853), Benicia (1853-1854), and San Francisco (1862). Recent urban renewal efforts have led to the demolition or renovation of several abandoned skyscrapers and large buildings, the razing of old houses for new housing developments, and an expedited process to remove abandoned homes near schools. The state's capital is Sacramento. Large numbers of buildings and homes were abandoned, with many remaining for years in states of decay. Schwarzenegger replaced Governor Gray Davis (1999-2003) who was removed from office by the October 2003 California recall election. The city's population has plummeted since 1950 as residents have moved to the suburbs, particularly following the 12th Street Riot in 1967.

Frazier). Detroit has endured a painful decline during the past several decades, and is often held up as a symbol of Rust Belt urban blight. Schwarzenegger was only the second person in the history of the United States to be put into office by a recall of a sitting Governor (the first was the 1921 recall of North Dakota Governor Lynn J. The labor activism established during those years, which brought fame and notoriety to hometown union leaders such as Jimmy Hoffa and Walter Reuther, remains a key feature on the city's cultural and political landscape. The current Governor is the Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger, whose current term lasts through January 2007. With the factories came high-profile labor strife, climaxing in the 1930s as the United Auto Workers initiated bitter battles with Detroit's auto manufacturers. In the Senate, there are 25 Democrats and 15 Republicans. Durant, the Dodge brothers and Louis Chevrolet, solidified Detroit's status as the world's car capital, and the blossoming industry spurred the city's spectacular growth during the first half of the 20th century.

For the 2005-2006 session, there are 48 Democrats and 32 Republicans in the Assembly. Ford's manufacturing innovations as well as significant contributions from many other automotive pioneers such as William C. The Senators from the even-numbered districts are elected in the intervening even-numbered years, in the gubernatorial election cycle. A thriving carriage trade set the stage for the work of Henry Ford, who in 1899 built his first automobile factory in Highland Park, an independent city within Detroit. The Senators representing the odd-numbered districts are elected in years evenly divisible by four, i.e., presidential election years. The city grew steadily during the 1830s, and subsequent decades saw substantial growth in the shipping, shipbuilding and manufacturing industries. The terms of the Senators are staggered so that half the membership is elected every two years. Situated strategically on a strait along the Great Lakes waterway, Detroit emerged as a key transportation center.

Senators serve four year terms and Assembly members two. Detroit was incorporated as a city in 1815. The California State Legislature consists of a 40 member Senate and 80 member Assembly. William Henry Harrison in 1813. The Governor of California and the other state constitutional officers serve four-year terms and may be reelected only once. Though Detroit fell to the British for a short time during the War of 1812 (see: Battle of Detroit), it was recaptured by Gen. The State also allows direct participation of the electorate by referendum, recall, and ratification. In 1796 Detroit and its surrounding areas passed to the United States, and from 1805 to 1847 the town was the territorial and state capitol of Michigan.

California is governed as a republic, with three branches of government, the executive branch consisting of the Governor of California and the other elected constitutional officers, the legislative branch consisting of the Assembly and Senate, and the judicial branch consisting of the Supreme Court of California and lower courts. The British gained control of the area in 1760 and thwarted an Indian attack three years later during Pontiac's Rebellion. Main article: California government and politics. Clair and Erie. The state is liberal-leaning, technologically and culturally savvy, and a world center of engineering businesses, the film and television industry and, as mentioned above, American agricultural production. Originally the settlement was called Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit after the comte de Pontchartrain, minister of marine under Louis XIV and for the river that connects Lakes St. From 1965 to the present, this population completely changed and became one of the most diverse in the world. French officer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founded a fort and settlement at the site of Detroit in 1701.

In the period from 1900 to 1965 the population grew from fewer than one million to become the most populous state in the Union, sending the most electors to the Electoral College to elect the President. "Detroit" is sometimes used as shorthand for the Metro Detroit region, which is also unofficially referred to as "Southeast Michigan." Residents are generally known as "Detroiters.". Citrus, oranges in particular, were widely grown, and the foundation was laid for the state's prodigious agricultural production of today. Detroit is the United States' 10th most populous city, with 951,000 residents in 2000, according to United States Census Bureau. Out West, residents were discovering that California was extremely well suited to fruit cultivation and agriculture in general. The Interstate 75 corridor running through Oakland County has been nicknamed by civic leaders as Automation Alley. The connection of the far Pacific West to the eastern population centers came in 1869 with the completion of the first transcontinental railroad. "River of the Strait" — and across from the Canadian city of Windsor, Ontario, the city is the seat of Wayne County and the center of a tri-county industrial zone (including Oakland and Macomb counties) that is among the most significant in the American Rust Belt.

During the American Civil War, popular support was divided 70% for the South and 30% for the North, and although California officially entered on the side of the North, many troops went east to fight with the Confederacy. Located along the Detroit River — French: Rivière du Détroit, i.e. In 1850, the state was admitted to the Union. Established in 1701 by French fur traders, today it is best known as the world's automotive center and an important music capital — legacies celebrated by the city's two familiar nicknames, Motor City and Motown. But after gold was discovered, the population burgeoned with Americans and a few Europeans in the great California gold rush.
Detroit (IPA: /dɪˈtʰɹɔɪt/; French: Détroit, pronounced /detʀwa/) is a city in Wayne County in the state of Michigan, in the Midwest region of the United States. In 1848, the Spanish-speaking population of distant upper California numbered around 4,000. Turin, Italy.

portion, Alta (upper) California, was to become the state of California. Toyota, Japan. The western part of the U.S. Nassau, Bahamas. The Mexican portion, Baja (lower) California was later divided into the states of Baja California and Baja California Sur. Minsk, Belarus. Following the Mexican-American War, the region was divided between Mexico and the United States. Kitwe, Zambia.

Sloat of the United States Navy sailed into San Francisco Bay and claimed California for the United States. Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The Republic came to a sudden end when Commodore John D. Chongqing, People's Republic of China. In 1846, at the outset of the Mexican-American War, a California Republic was founded and the Bear Flag was flown that featured a golden bear and a star. Willow Run Airport (YIP). Upon Mexican independence from Spain, the chain of missions became the property of the Mexican government, and they were quickly dissolved and abandoned. Young International Airport (DET), no current commercial passenger service, also formerly known as Detroit City Airport.

Beginning in the late 1700s, Spanish missionaries set up tiny settlements on enormous grants of land in the vast territory north of Baja California. Coleman A. The first to explore the entire coast and claim possession of it was Francis Drake in 1579. Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County International Airport (DTW), the Detroit area's principal airport is located in nearby Romulus, Michigan and is a hub for Northwest Airlines and Spirit Airlines. The first European to explore parts of the coast was the Portuguese Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo in 1542. 2006 MISL expansion franchise. Main article: History of California. Detroit Demolition, National Women's Football Association.

(For further discussion, see: Origin of the name California.). Detroit Shock, Women's National Basketball Association. The name comes from Las sergas de Espladián (Adventures of Spladian), a 16th century novel, by Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo, where there is an island paradise called California. Detroit Red Wings, National Hockey League. In these early times, the boundaries of the Sea of Cortez and the Pacific coast were only partially explored and California was shown on early maps as an island. Detroit Pistons, NBA (although the name holds, the Pistons play in suburban Auburn Hills). The entire region originally known as California was composed of the Mexican peninsula now known as Baja California and the land in the current states of California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Arizona and Wyoming, known as Alta California. Detroit Lions, National Football League.

The vast majority of the population lives within 50 miles (80 km) of the Pacific Ocean. California dominates American culture and economy, contributing significant advances in technology and legal reform, in addition to paying significantly more to the federal system than it receives in benefits. Detroit Tigers, Major League Baseball. Southern California is highly populated, while the larger northern California is less densely populated. Wayne County Community College. postal abbreviation is CA, and its Associated Press abbreviation is Calif.. Sacred Heart Major Seminary. California's U.S. College for Creative Studies.

The state's official nickname of "The Golden State" is often thought to be a reference to California’s 1849 gold rush but is in fact reference to the native grasses that turn a golden color during the dry season. Lewis College of Business. California is both physically and demographically diverse. Marygrove College. It is the most populous and third largest state in the U.S., has a population roughly the size of Canada and it is the sixth largest economy in the world. Wayne State University. California is a state located in the western United States, bordering the Pacific Ocean. University of Detroit Mercy.

Walnut Creek (San Francisco Bay Area). Assult on Precinct 13 (2004). Ventura (Greater Los Angeles). Home Improvement (TV) (1991-99). Torrance (Greater Los Angeles). Tiger Town (TV) (1983). Thousand Oaks (Greater Los Angeles). Scarecrow (1973).

Temecula (equidistant between Inland Empire and San Diego Area). RoboCop (1987) and sequels. Sunnyvale (Silicon Valley). Presumed Innocent (1990). Simi Valley (Greater Los Angeles). Hoffa, (1992). Santa Clarita (Greater Los Angeles). The Crow (1994).

Santa Clara (Silicon Valley). Beverly Hills Cop (1984). Santa Ana (Orange County). 8 Mile (2002). Pasadena (Greater Los Angeles). Harold Robbins, The Betsy 1971. Palo Alto (Silicon Valley). Joyce Carol Oates, Them 1968.

Ontario (Inland Empire). Elmore Leonard, City Primeval: Detroit at High Noon 1980. Newport Beach (Orange County). Kienzle, The Rosary Murders 1979. Irvine (Orange County). William X. Huntington Beach (Orange County). Arthur Hailey, Wheels 1971.

Glendale (Greater Los Angeles). Jeffrey Eugenides, The Virgin Suicides 1993 and Middlesex 2002. Fremont (San Francisco Bay Area). Jim Ray Daniels, Detroit Tales 2003. Concord (San Francisco Bay Area). Harriette Arnow, The Dollmaker 1954. Chula Vista (San Diego Area). America's Thanksgiving Parade (Thanksgiving).

Burbank (Greater Los Angeles). Woodward Dream Cruise (August). Berkeley (San Francisco Bay Area). Concert of Colors diverse music festival (Summer). Anaheim (Orange County). Ford Detroit International Jazz Festival (September). Important suburbs (within or near the above urbanized areas)