BMW E39

Now to upshift, you had to pull back the lever, instead of pushing forward, as in the pre-2001 model year E39s. "Busses" is sometimes used, but is also the plural of "buss", a dialectal word for "kiss" or a type of boat. Also, in the 2001 model year, BMW Steptronic-equipped E39s had their manual program direction switched to match BMWs F1 cars. The usual plural of bus is "buses". Meanwhile, the 540i was given more power, totalling 290 hp (216 kW). Congress to the pass the landmark 1964 Civil Rights Act which clarified the unconstitutionality of public racial segregation laws. Also, a new 525i was introduced featuring a 184 hp (137 kW) M54 2.5 liter inline-6 and a slightly cheaper price. Supreme Court ruling banning segregation on public buses and helped lead the U.S.

Other options changed: for example, the 528i was replaced by the 530i which had a new 225 horsepower (168 kW) M54 3.0 L inline-6. This incident, boycotts of bus services, other protests, and court challenges led a U.S. (Note: this technology is called "celis" by the OEM - Hella.) Also, the rear lights were converted to being LED-based. In 1955, after a long day of work, Rosa Parks, a black seamstress, was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama for refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a public bus, bringing attention to the injustice of differential and degrading treatment based solely upon race. For the 2001 model year, BMW updated the E39 with newer, clear-lens headlights which first displayed the now-popular "angel eyes". These laws and enforcement varied among communities and states. The 540i was powered by the 282 horsepower (210 kW) 4.4 L V8 seen in the E38 (7-Series) and the X5. For instance, Jim Crow laws required bus drivers to enforce separate seating sections.

The 520, 523 and 528 were powered by 150, 170 and 190 hp versions of the BMW M52 engine, which is a gasoline inline-6 design. These were made to prevent African-Americans from doing things that a white person could do. All but the M5 (sedan only) are available as either a touring (wagon) or sedan. In the period after the American Civil War ended in 1865, racial segregation in public accommodations, including public transport such as rail and bus services, was enforced through Black Codes and Jim Crow laws. The European BMW range saw the 520, 523, 528, 530, 535, 540, 525tds, 520d, 525d, 530d and M5. Bus services were also a focal point in the American Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s in the United States. Of the full range available, the USA saw the 528i, 540i and M5. Under a busing plan, children do not necessarily go to the nearest school geographically, but to such a school where there is an appropriate mix of racial diversity.

Various engine sizes and types have been available. In some areas of the United States, a forced busing system has been used to achieve racial desegregation of public schools. The E39 was sold in the UK starting in 1995, followed by the rest of Europe and finally on other continents. A similar phenomenon is Duck Tours, which uses DUKWs converted into buses/cruise boats for tour purposes. The BMW E39 M5 was introduced in 1998, with a 5.0 L V8 engine. Some places have buses that resemble streetcars in order to attract tourists or otherwise look nice (see right). The basic model was the 520i, which develops 150 hp (112 kW). A new phenomenon in intercity bus travel has been the Chinatown bus.

It was the successor of the BMW E34 in 1996 (UK) but was replaced by the BMW E60 in 2004. Intercity bus services have become an important travel connection to smaller towns and rural areas in the United States that do not have airports or train service. The E39 automobile platform was the basis for the 1996 through 2004 BMW 5 Series. Buses are an intrinsic part of everyday life, and play an important part in the social fabric of many countries. When motorized transport proved successful after ca 1905, a motorized omnibus was for a time sometimes called an autobus. The streetcars would become even more centrally important than the omnibus in the future of urbanization.

The new streetcars were financed by John Mason, a wealthy banker, and built by an Irish contractor, John Stephenson. Within a very few years, the New York omnibus had a rival in the streetcar: the first streetcar ran along The Bowery, which offered the excellent improvement in amenity of riding on smooth iron rails rather than clattering over granite setts, called "Belgian blocks". More intense urbanization was to follow. The omnibus offered the nearer suburbs more access to the inner city.

The walk from the former village of Paddington to the business heart of London in the "City" was a brisk one for a young man in good condition. The omnibus also extended the reach of the North Atlantic post-Georgian, post-Federal city. The idea of the "carriage trade", the folk who never set foot in the streets, who had goods brought out from the shops for their appraisal, has its origins in the omnibus crush. A new division in urban society now came to the fore, dividing those who kept carriages from those who did not.

Only the very poor remained excluded. Socially, the omnibus put city-dwellers, even if for only half an hour, into previously-unheard-of physical intimacy with strangers, squeezing them together knee-to-knee (illustration, left). The omnibus had many repercussions for society, particularly in that it encouraged urbanization. In 1831, New Yorker Washington Irving remarked of Britain's Reform Act (finally passed in 1832): "The great reform omnibus moves but slowly.".

The New York omnibus quickly moved into the urban consciousness. In return, the company agreed to maintain certain minimum levels of service—though one of these standards was not upholstery. In most cases, the city governments granted a private company—generally a small stableman already in the livery or freight-hauling business—an exclusive franchise to operate public coaches along a specified route. Other American cities soon followed suit: Philadelphia in 1831, Boston in 1835 and Baltimore in 1844.

In New York, omnibus service began in the same year, when Abraham Brower, an entrepreneur who had organized volunteer fire companies, established a route along Broadway starting at Bowling Green. This bus service was operated by George Shillibeer. A London newspaper reported in July 4, 1829 that “the new vehicle, called the omnibus, commenced running this morning from Paddington to the City”. Whether by direct emulation, or because the idea was in the air, by 1832 the idea had been copied in Paris, Bordeaux and Lyons.

His omnibus featured wooden benches that ran down the sides of the vehicle; entry was from the rear. His new voiture omnibus ("carriage for all") combined the functions of the hired hackney carriage with the stagecoach that travelled a predetermined route from inn to inn, carrying passengers and mail. When he discovered that passengers were just as interested in getting off at intermediate points as in patronizing his baths, he shifted the stage line's focus. The omnibus, the first organized public transit system, may have originated in Nantes, France in 1826, when a retired army officer who had built public baths on the city's edge set up a short stage line between the center of town and his baths.

. The name is a shortened version of omnibus, which means "for everyone". A bus is a large, motorized, wheeled vehicle intended to carry numerous persons in addition to the driver. School bus.

Shuttle bus. Guided bus. Gyrobus. Trolleybus.

Minibus. Midibus. Low-floor bus. Articulated bus.

Double-decker bus. Coach / Motorcoach.