Day of Ashurah

The Day of Āshūrāh, sometimes spelled Aashurah, ‘Ashurah, Ashoura or Aashoorah (Arabic: عاشوراء, ʿĀšūrāʾ), is on the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar and marks the climax of the Festival of Muharram but not the Islamic month. It commemorates the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad at the Battle of Karbala in the year 61 AH (AD 680). It is a day for mourning.

Ashurah is also commemorated by Muslims as the traditional date on which Noah's ark came to rest, the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) was born and the Ka'ba was built in Mecca. Ashurah corresponds to the Jewish Yom Kippur, which was held by the Jews of Medina. It was adopted by Muslims as a recommended fast in respect to the tribulations of Musa (Moses).

The word ashurah means simply tenth in Arabic; hence the festival's name, literally translated, means "the tenth day".

Shi'a commemoration

Shi'ite Muslims process through downtown Montreal in commemoration of Ashurah.

This day is of particular significance to Shi'a Muslims, who consider Hussein the third Imam and a rightful successor of Muhammad. Many Shi'a make pilgrimages on Ashurah to the Mashhad al-Hussein, the shrine in Karbala, Iraq that is traditionally held to be Husayn's tomb. Shi'as also express mourning by thumping their chests. This is intended to connect them with Hussein's suffering and death. Hussein's martyrdom is widely interpreted by Shi'a as a symbol of the struggle against injustice, tyranny, and oppression. The regime of Saddam Hussein saw this as a potential threat and banned Ashurah commemorations for many years. In neighboring Iran, the festival became a major political symbol during the Islamic Revolution, as also occurred in the Lebanese Civil War, and in Bahrain during the History of Bahrain. The Iranian Revolution and social and political change and the anti-government uprising of the 1990s.

Shi'ite Muslims in Bahrain strike their chests during the Festival of Muharram.

Some Shia celebrate Ashurah with a traditional flagellation ritual called zanjeer zani or zanjeer matam, involving the use of a zanjeer (a chain with a set of curved knives at the end). [1] The practice is not universal - many Shia enact the ritual by beating their chests symbolically. [2]

Many of the events associated with Ashurah are held in special congregation halls known as "Hussainia".

Sunni commemoration

Sunnis also commemorate Ashurah, but for different reasons. According to Sunni tradition, when the Prophet led his followers to Medina, he found the Jews of that area fasting on the day of Ashurah in rememberance of Moses. They remember the day when Children of Israel were liberated from the slavery of Egyptians. Today,Sunnis regard fasting on the 10th of Muharram as a recommended, though not obligatory, act. The day carries considerably less significance for Sunnis than it does for Shi'as.

While Sunnis generally consider the martyrdom of Hussein to be an unfortunate event and one of great historical importance, they do not ascribe religious significance to it as the Shi'a do. Hence, Sunni practices commemorating Ashurah generally do not involve Hussein or his death and consist mainly of fasting and prayers.

Violence during Ashura

The Sunni and Shi'a schism is highlighted by the difference in celebrations by Sunni and Shia Muslims. In countries that have significant populations of both sects, there is often violence during the holiday. Recently, Pakistan, Iraq and Afghanistan have all seen suicide Sunni bombers killing Shiite mourners. [3]

The 2004 (1425 AH) Shi'a pilgrimage to Karbala, the first since Saddam Hussein was removed from power in Iraq, was marred by bomb attacks, which killed and wounded hundreds despite tight security.

Etymology of Ashurah

The word Ashurah is Arabic for tenth. In his book Ghuniyatut Talibin, Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani writes that the Islamic scholars have a difference of opinion as to why this day is known as Ashurah. The general consensus is that the day is the tenth day of the month of Muharram. Some scholars, however, suggest that this day is the tenth most important day that God has blessed Muslims with; hence the name Ashurah.

Ashurah in the western calendar

While Ashurah is always on the same day of the Islamic calendar, the date on the Western calendar (the Gregorian calendar) varies from year to year due to differences between the two calendars, since the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar and the Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. Furthermore, the method used to determine when each Islamic month begins varies from country to country. (For details, please see Islamic calendar.) All future dates listed below are only estimates:

  • 2003: March 13
  • 2004: March 2
  • 2005: February 19
  • 2006: February 9
  • 2007: January 29
  • 2008: January 19
  • 2009: January 7, then December 27
  • 2010: December 16

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(For details, please see Islamic calendar.) All future dates listed below are only estimates:.
. Furthermore, the method used to determine when each Islamic month begins varies from country to country. On February 5, 2006, she joined John Legend and Stevie Wonder at the Super Bowl XL pre-game show in performing a medley of Wonder's hits. While Ashurah is always on the same day of the Islamic calendar, the date on the Western calendar (the Gregorian calendar) varies from year to year due to differences between the two calendars, since the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar and the Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. In July 2005, Joss performed at the London Live 8 concert, and did a duet with James Brown on UK chat show Friday Night with Jonathan Ross. Some scholars, however, suggest that this day is the tenth most important day that God has blessed Muslims with; hence the name Ashurah. hit when it debuted at #32 (where it ultimately would peak) on the Billboard Hot 100.

The general consensus is that the day is the tenth day of the month of Muharram. Their performance of "Cry Baby"/"Piece of My Heart" was released as a single, and, through aid of strong digital downloads, became Stone's first top forty U.S. In his book Ghuniyatut Talibin, Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani writes that the Islamic scholars have a difference of opinion as to why this day is known as Ashurah. She was also nominated three times at the 2005 Grammy Awards, where she sang barefoot on stage with rock legend Melissa Etheridge. The word Ashurah is Arabic for tenth. In February 2005, Stone was nominated for three Brit Awards, of which she won two; Best Female and Best Urban Act. The 2004 (1425 AH) Shi'a pilgrimage to Karbala, the first since Saddam Hussein was removed from power in Iraq, was marred by bomb attacks, which killed and wounded hundreds despite tight security. Follow-up singles "Right to Be Wrong" and "Spoiled" both made the top forty, and "Don't Cha Wanna Ride?" the top twenty.

[3]. The lead single, "You Had Me", became her first top ten in the UK. Recently, Pakistan, Iraq and Afghanistan have all seen suicide Sunni bombers killing Shiite mourners. Billboard 200, after peaking at #11. In countries that have significant populations of both sects, there is often violence during the holiday. It proved to be an even bigger success than her first album, as it debuted at #1 in the UK (breaking the record for the youngest female ever to top the albums charts there, a record previously held by Avril Lavigne) and just missed the top ten of the U.S. The Sunni and Shi'a schism is highlighted by the difference in celebrations by Sunni and Shia Muslims. After achieving critical acclaim for The Soul Sessions, Stone recorded an album full of original songs in 2004 titled Mind, Body & Soul.

Hence, Sunni practices commemorating Ashurah generally do not involve Hussein or his death and consist mainly of fasting and prayers. Much of this R&B album was scrapped following the success of the Soul Sessions, which remains by far her biggest selling album, even though it was recorded with the same criteria and in the same amount of time as most studio demos. While Sunnis generally consider the martyrdom of Hussein to be an unfortunate event and one of great historical importance, they do not ascribe religious significance to it as the Shi'a do. Joss was already working on an R&B debut album when the Soul Sessions were recorded. The day carries considerably less significance for Sunnis than it does for Shi'as. The second single, "Super Duper Love (Are You Diggin' On Me?)", also reached the top twenty. Today,Sunnis regard fasting on the 10th of Muharram as a recommended, though not obligatory, act. The lead single, "Fell in Love with a Boy", which was a reworking of The White Stripes' song "Fell in Love with a Girl", reached the top twenty of the UK singles chart.

They remember the day when Children of Israel were liberated from the slavery of Egyptians. Billboard 200 album chart. According to Sunni tradition, when the Prophet led his followers to Medina, he found the Jews of that area fasting on the day of Ashurah in rememberance of Moses. Released in late 2003, it reached the top 5 in the UK albums chart, and also made the top forty of the U.S. Sunnis also commemorate Ashurah, but for different reasons. The album consists of classic soul tracks by Wright, Franklin, Laura Lee and Bettye Swann. Many of the events associated with Ashurah are held in special congregation halls known as "Hussainia". She also worked with contemporary acts Angie Stone and The Roots.

[2]. She collaborated with people with solid credentials in the Miami soul scene such as Betty Wright, Benny Latimore, Timmy Thomas and Little Beaver. [1] The practice is not universal - many Shia enact the ritual by beating their chests symbolically. She then flew to Miami to start work on her debut album, The Soul Sessions. Some Shia celebrate Ashurah with a traditional flagellation ritual called zanjeer zani or zanjeer matam, involving the use of a zanjeer (a chain with a set of curved knives at the end). In 2002, she decided to back her ability by flying out from England for an audition in New York City with S-Curve CEO Steve Greenberg. The Iranian Revolution and social and political change and the anti-government uprising of the 1990s. You've got to have good vocals to sing soul music and I always liked it ever since I was little.".

In neighboring Iran, the festival became a major political symbol during the Islamic Revolution, as also occurred in the Lebanese Civil War, and in Bahrain during the History of Bahrain. She told MTV News, "I kind of clicked into soul music more than anything else because of the vocals. The regime of Saddam Hussein saw this as a potential threat and banned Ashurah commemorations for many years. At 14, she appeared on Star for a Night on BBC Television singing Franklin's "(You Make Me Feel Like A) Natural Woman". Hussein's martyrdom is widely interpreted by Shi'a as a symbol of the struggle against injustice, tyranny, and oppression. She grew up listening to American R&B and soul music performed by such artists as Aretha Franklin; as a result, she developed a throaty style of singing like her idols. This is intended to connect them with Hussein's suffering and death. Joss Stone was born in Dover, Kent, England in 1987 and spent her teenage years in Devon.

Shi'as also express mourning by thumping their chests. . Many Shi'a make pilgrimages on Ashurah to the Mashhad al-Hussein, the shrine in Karbala, Iraq that is traditionally held to be Husayn's tomb. She is known for performing barefoot. This day is of particular significance to Shi'a Muslims, who consider Hussein the third Imam and a rightful successor of Muhammad. She is also the head spokeswoman for Gap, replacing Sarah Jessica Parker. . Joss Stone (born Joscelyn Eve Stoker on April 11, 1987) is an English soul singer.

The word ashurah means simply tenth in Arabic; hence the festival's name, literally translated, means "the tenth day". 2005: "Cry Baby"/"Piece of My Heart" (with Melissa Etheridge) #32 U.S. It was adopted by Muslims as a recommended fast in respect to the tribulations of Musa (Moses). Misc.

    . Ashurah corresponds to the Jewish Yom Kippur, which was held by the Jews of Medina. 2005: "Don't Cha Wanna Ride?" #20 UK. Ashurah is also commemorated by Muslims as the traditional date on which Noah's ark came to rest, the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) was born and the Ka'ba was built in Mecca. 2005: "Spoiled" #32 UK.

    It is a day for mourning. 2004: "Right To Be Wrong" #29 UK. It commemorates the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad at the Battle of Karbala in the year 61 AH (AD 680). 2004: "You Had Me" #9 UK, #6 Portugal. The Day of Āshūrāh, sometimes spelled Aashurah, ‘Ashurah, Ashoura or Aashoorah (Arabic: عاشوراء, ʿĀšūrāʾ), is on the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar and marks the climax of the Festival of Muharram but not the Islamic month. Mind, Body & Soul

      . 2010: December 16. 2004: "Super Duper Love (Are You Diggin' On Me?)" #18 UK.

      2009: January 7, then December 27. 2004: "Fell in Love with a Boy" #18 UK. 2008: January 19. The Soul Sessions

        . 2007: January 29. Certification: Platinum). 2006: February 9. 2004: Mind, Body & Soul #1 (Debut) UK, #11 U.S., (U.S.

        2005: February 19. Certification: Gold). 2004: March 2. 2003: The Soul Sessions #4 UK, #39 U.S., (U.S. 2003: March 13.