Day of AshurahThe Day of Āshūrāh, sometimes spelled Aashurah, ‘Ashurah, Ashoura or Aashoorah (Arabic: عاشوراء, ʿĀšūrāʾ), is on the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar and marks the climax of the Festival of Muharram but not the Islamic month. It commemorates the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad at the Battle of Karbala in the year 61 AH (AD 680). It is a day for mourning. Ashurah is also commemorated by Muslims as the traditional date on which Noah's ark came to rest, the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) was born and the Ka'ba was built in Mecca. Ashurah corresponds to the Jewish Yom Kippur, which was held by the Jews of Medina. It was adopted by Muslims as a recommended fast in respect to the tribulations of Musa (Moses). The word ashurah means simply tenth in Arabic; hence the festival's name, literally translated, means "the tenth day". Shi'a commemorationThis day is of particular significance to Shi'a Muslims, who consider Hussein the third Imam and a rightful successor of Muhammad. Many Shi'a make pilgrimages on Ashurah to the Mashhad al-Hussein, the shrine in Karbala, Iraq that is traditionally held to be Husayn's tomb. Shi'as also express mourning by thumping their chests. This is intended to connect them with Hussein's suffering and death. Hussein's martyrdom is widely interpreted by Shi'a as a symbol of the struggle against injustice, tyranny, and oppression. The regime of Saddam Hussein saw this as a potential threat and banned Ashurah commemorations for many years. In neighboring Iran, the festival became a major political symbol during the Islamic Revolution, as also occurred in the Lebanese Civil War, and in Bahrain during the History of Bahrain. The Iranian Revolution and social and political change and the anti-government uprising of the 1990s. Shi'ite Muslims in Bahrain strike their chests during the Festival of Muharram.Some Shia celebrate Ashurah with a traditional flagellation ritual called zanjeer zani or zanjeer matam, involving the use of a zanjeer (a chain with a set of curved knives at the end). [1] The practice is not universal - many Shia enact the ritual by beating their chests symbolically. [2] Many of the events associated with Ashurah are held in special congregation halls known as "Hussainia". Sunni commemorationSunnis also commemorate Ashurah, but for different reasons. According to Sunni tradition, when the Prophet led his followers to Medina, he found the Jews of that area fasting on the day of Ashurah in rememberance of Moses. They remember the day when Children of Israel were liberated from the slavery of Egyptians. Today,Sunnis regard fasting on the 10th of Muharram as a recommended, though not obligatory, act. The day carries considerably less significance for Sunnis than it does for Shi'as. While Sunnis generally consider the martyrdom of Hussein to be an unfortunate event and one of great historical importance, they do not ascribe religious significance to it as the Shi'a do. Hence, Sunni practices commemorating Ashurah generally do not involve Hussein or his death and consist mainly of fasting and prayers. Violence during AshuraThe Sunni and Shi'a schism is highlighted by the difference in celebrations by Sunni and Shia Muslims. In countries that have significant populations of both sects, there is often violence during the holiday. Recently, Pakistan, Iraq and Afghanistan have all seen suicide Sunni bombers killing Shiite mourners. [3] The 2004 (1425 AH) Shi'a pilgrimage to Karbala, the first since Saddam Hussein was removed from power in Iraq, was marred by bomb attacks, which killed and wounded hundreds despite tight security. Etymology of AshurahThe word Ashurah is Arabic for tenth. In his book Ghuniyatut Talibin, Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani writes that the Islamic scholars have a difference of opinion as to why this day is known as Ashurah. The general consensus is that the day is the tenth day of the month of Muharram. Some scholars, however, suggest that this day is the tenth most important day that God has blessed Muslims with; hence the name Ashurah. Ashurah in the western calendarWhile Ashurah is always on the same day of the Islamic calendar, the date on the Western calendar (the Gregorian calendar) varies from year to year due to differences between the two calendars, since the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar and the Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. Furthermore, the method used to determine when each Islamic month begins varies from country to country. (For details, please see Islamic calendar.) All future dates listed below are only estimates:
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(For details, please see Islamic calendar.) All future dates listed below are only estimates:. These are both only a few seconds slower than the fastest known tool-assisted speedrun, which currently measures at just under 5 minutes. Furthermore, the method used to determine when each Islamic month begins varies from country to country. These claims have been confirmed by Twin Galaxies, and a video is available at the Speed Demos Archive [13]. While Ashurah is always on the same day of the Islamic calendar, the date on the Western calendar (the Gregorian calendar) varies from year to year due to differences between the two calendars, since the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar and the Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. The current world record time for this game has been set by Trevor Seguin, Andrew Gardikis, and Carlos Krueger with times of 5 minutes and 9 seconds. Some scholars, however, suggest that this day is the tenth most important day that God has blessed Muslims with; hence the name Ashurah. If a player advanced to a higher world, but then received a Game Over, the player could hold A when pressing Start to select the "1 Player Game" option at the main menu, which would allow for them to return to whatever world they left off at instead of starting the game on the very first level. The general consensus is that the day is the tenth day of the month of Muharram. is often recognized as one of the very first "cheat codes", or "easter eggs", in videogames. In his book Ghuniyatut Talibin, Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani writes that the Islamic scholars have a difference of opinion as to why this day is known as Ashurah. A very simple and well-known secret code in Super Mario Bros. The word Ashurah is Arabic for tenth. Deluxe. The 2004 (1425 AH) Shi'a pilgrimage to Karbala, the first since Saddam Hussein was removed from power in Iraq, was marred by bomb attacks, which killed and wounded hundreds despite tight security. This glitch has been fixed in the Super Mario All-Stars remake as well as in Super Mario Bros. [3]. World 36 in the Japanese Famicom Disk System version of the game is considerably different and has three levels, after which the player is returned to the title screen as though he or she completed the game. Recently, Pakistan, Iraq and Afghanistan have all seen suicide Sunni bombers killing Shiite mourners. Technically speaking, the Minus World is world 36. In countries that have significant populations of both sects, there is often violence during the holiday. The name was created by a glitch, and since it is not a normal level, the name is literally (nothing)-1, creating the effect of -1. The Sunni and Shi'a schism is highlighted by the difference in celebrations by Sunni and Shia Muslims. The reason for this is because the pipe at the end of the level leads to the very beginning, instead of dry land, and therefore, the level loops, or repeats itself. Hence, Sunni practices commemorating Ashurah generally do not involve Hussein or his death and consist mainly of fasting and prayers. Once Minus World is reached, it is impossible to escape, and Mario is destined to die by running out of time (assuming he survives the standard water-level obstacles as well). While Sunnis generally consider the martyrdom of Hussein to be an unfortunate event and one of great historical importance, they do not ascribe religious significance to it as the Shi'a do. (Incidently, the second pipe leads to World 5 if reached in time.). The day carries considerably less significance for Sunnis than it does for Shi'as. There, the first pipe leads to the Minus World, but only if the game doesn't scroll to show all the pipes; in which case, the pipes revert to their default locations. Today,Sunnis regard fasting on the 10th of Muharram as a recommended, though not obligatory, act. This trick allows Mario to move through the wall to where the level's warp zone is located. They remember the day when Children of Israel were liberated from the slavery of Egyptians. It is only accessible by performing a certain jumping trick in Level 1-2 at the pipe that leads to the end of the level. According to Sunni tradition, when the Prophet led his followers to Medina, he found the Jews of that area fasting on the day of Ashurah in rememberance of Moses. It does exist, although it can be difficult to reach. Sunnis also commemorate Ashurah, but for different reasons. Most likely the result of a glitch rather than intentionally created, this level is sometimes claimed to be a myth. Many of the events associated with Ashurah are held in special congregation halls known as "Hussainia". Minus World is an infinite water level (with a layout similar to that of Levels 2-2 and 7-2). [2]. However, the card's rarity has made using an Action Replay or other device much easier to obtain this item, causing a large jump in the popularity of such devices. [1] The practice is not universal - many Shia enact the ritual by beating their chests symbolically. Players could connect the e-reader to a Game Boy Advance, connect this to a Gamecube with a Game Boy Advance to Nintendo Gamecube Cable, go to the E-reader machine at the post office, and swipe the card, allowing the player to recieve the coveted NES game item in the mail. Some Shia celebrate Ashurah with a traditional flagellation ritual called zanjeer zani or zanjeer matam, involving the use of a zanjeer (a chain with a set of curved knives at the end). Animal Crossing-e card and the e-reader device. The Iranian Revolution and social and political change and the anti-government uprising of the 1990s. Currently the only known way to unlock the game is either by use of a game modification ("cheating") device, such as an Action Replay, or by the use of a special Super Mario Bros. In neighboring Iran, the festival became a major political symbol during the Islamic Revolution, as also occurred in the Lebanese Civil War, and in Bahrain during the History of Bahrain. Nintendo released an official way of unlocking it in 2004. The regime of Saddam Hussein saw this as a potential threat and banned Ashurah commemorations for many years. is one of the NES games featured in the Gamecube game Animal Crossing. Hussein's martyrdom is widely interpreted by Shi'a as a symbol of the struggle against injustice, tyranny, and oppression. Super Mario Bros. This is intended to connect them with Hussein's suffering and death. In 2005, Nintendo released this game again for the GBA as part of its 20th Anniversary with a special edition, selling approximately 876,000 units.[12]. Shi'as also express mourning by thumping their chests. Differences between this and the original are that the screen images appear a bit squashed, due to the smaller GBA screen, and the high score is saved to the cartridge. Many Shi'a make pilgrimages on Ashurah to the Mashhad al-Hussein, the shrine in Karbala, Iraq that is traditionally held to be Husayn's tomb. Super Mario Bros. was one of the best-selling of these rereleases; according to the NPD Group (which tracks game sales in North America), this rereleased version of Super Mario Bros. was the best-selling Game Boy Advance game in June 2004, and sixth-best-selling game overall.[11]. This day is of particular significance to Shi'a Muslims, who consider Hussein the third Imam and a rightful successor of Muhammad. Unlike previous re-releases, these versions contain no graphical updates; indeed, they are running in emulation. . as part of the Classic NES Series. The word ashurah means simply tenth in Arabic; hence the festival's name, literally translated, means "the tenth day". In early 2004, Nintendo rereleased the game on the Game Boy Advance in Japan as part of their Famicom Minis collection and in the U.S. It was adopted by Muslims as a recommended fast in respect to the tribulations of Musa (Moses). However, the game did not feature any upgraded visuals. Ashurah corresponds to the Jewish Yom Kippur, which was held by the Jews of Medina. It also was compatible with the Game Boy Printer. Ashurah is also commemorated by Muslims as the traditional date on which Noah's ark came to rest, the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) was born and the Ka'ba was built in Mecca. 2 (which was released on Super Mario All-Stars as Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels) as an unlockable. It is a day for mourning. It featured simultaneous multiplayer, a Challenge mode and also included the Japanese Super Mario Bros. It commemorates the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad at the Battle of Karbala in the year 61 AH (AD 680). Deluxe. The Day of Āshūrāh, sometimes spelled Aashurah, ‘Ashurah, Ashoura or Aashoorah (Arabic: عاشوراء, ʿĀšūrāʾ), is on the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar and marks the climax of the Festival of Muharram but not the Islamic month. In 1999, Super Mario Bros. was released on the Game Boy Color, under the title Super Mario Bros. 2010: December 16. A later version of this compilation, sold only as a bundle with the SNES, also includes Super Mario World. 2009: January 7, then December 27. 2 (known as Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels in North America and Europe). 2008: January 19. 2 (known as Super Mario USA in Japan), and the Japanese Super Mario Bros. 2007: January 29. 3, the North American/European Super Mario Bros. 2006: February 9. This compilation also includes later Super Mario games, including Super Mario Bros. 2005: February 19. Several glitches from the original NES release were also fixed. 2004: March 2. The version of Super Mario Bros. included in the compilation had improved graphics, redrawn to match the SNES's greater graphical capabilities and a save game feature. 2003: March 13. In 1993, Nintendo released an enhanced SNES compilation, titled Super Mario All-Stars, of all of the Super Mario games released for the NES and Famicom. This three-game multicart was only included in the "NES Power Set," a bundle including everything in the "Action Set" above, but with the Power Pad and the triple-game cartridge in place of the double-game cartridge. Later, in December of that year, Nintendo also released a three-game multicart, including Super Mario Bros., Duck Hunt, and World Class Track Meet. This version, first released in North America in November 1988, was only available packed in with the "NES Action Set," a bundle including the NES, two controllers, the Zapper lightgun, and the Super Mario Bros./Duck Hunt double cartridge. While Super Mario Bros. is the best-selling video game of all time, one of the most common versions of the game is actually an alternate version, a multicart including both Super Mario Bros. and Duck Hunt. 2). Super Mario Bros. Super Mario Bros. The enemies and the mushroom retainers at the end of Bowser's forts are replaced with Japanese music idols, famous recording artists, and DJs, as well as other people related to 'All Night Nippon.' It was published by Fuji TV, the same company that published Doki Doki Panic (which was later remade into Super Mario USA, a.k.a. 2 (Japanese version), and Vs. The game borrows levels from Super Mario Bros., Super Mario Bros. The game, which was only released in Japan, was a special promotional version that was given away by the Japanese radio station 'All Night Nippon' in raffles in 1986. It was released for the Famicom Disk System. with graphics based upon a radio show, called 'All Night Nippon', that was very popular in Japan in 1986. All Night Nippon Super Mario Bros. is a version of Super Mario Bros. As with many older arcade games, it isn't clear exactly when this game was released; while the arcade boards themselves are stamped "1985,"[8] the Killer List of Video Games and the MAME game listing list the game as having been released in 1986.[9][10]. Super Mario Bros. much more difficult than the original Super Mario Bros.. 2.) These changes have a net effect of making Vs. (Many of these later, changed stages later appeared in the Japanese Super Mario Bros. The stages are different, however; the first stages are subtly different, with small differences like the omission of 1-up mushrooms or other hidden items, but later stages are changed entirely. Dualsystem), is based loosely on Super Mario Bros., and has identical gameplay. Unisystem (and its variant, the Nintendo Vs. This game, one of several games made for Nintendo's NES-based arcade cabinet, the Nintendo Vs. Super Mario Bros., is nearly a separate game in its own right. The first of these alternate versions, Vs. As one of Nintendo's most popular games, Super Mario Bros. has been rereleased and remade numerous times, ranging from an arcade version released at approximately the same time as the original NES release, to its inclusion as an unlockable game in in the GameCube game Animal Crossing. While many bands have sampled the Super Mario Bros. soundtrack or otherwise recorded songs inspired by the game and its soundtrack, a Super Mario Bros.-inspired single by Japanese band The Tongari Kids, titled "B-Dash", reached as high as sixth place on the Japanese music charts.[7]. The soundtrack, composed by long-time Nintendo composer Koji Kondo, is often sampled. There are three direct sequels to this game on the NES platform:. The game's popularity eventually led to dozens of sequels and spinoffs. Mario himself became more recognizable among American children than Mickey Mouse[6]. The success of Super Mario Bros. led Nintendo to choose Mario to be its mascot and eventually resulted in several TV series and a movie. In February 2006, Electronic Gaming Monthly named Super Mario Bros. number one on its list of the 200 Greatest Games of Their Time. (Indeed, Commander Keen began life as a PC port of Super Mario Bros.) It has also been critically acclaimed in retrospect; IGN named it #1 on their top 100 video games list twice (both in 2003 [4] and 2005 [5]), and it is one of only two games (along with Elite) to receive a 10/10 score in their "retro reviews" retrospective series. Super Mario Bros. is often cited as the inspiration for many game designers; an example is the inspiration for the designers at id Software when they developed Commander Keen. 3 is often cited as the best selling non-packaged game of all time. Super Mario Bros. Super Mario Bros. was most often packaged with the console (usually in a dual cartridge with the shooting game Duck Hunt), just as Tetris was packaged with the Game Boy. It has been estimated that this game, next to Tetris, is the bestselling game of all time.[3] Although the game was popular enough on its own, mass distribution is attributable to the popularity of the NES itself. The game sold approximately 40 million copies worldwide, which still stands as a Guinness World Record. In addition, some of the elevator-style lifts are about 60% their original size. After beating the game, the player is given the option to start the game again in "'Hard' Mode," where all Goombas are replaced by Buzzy Beetles (Koopa Troopa-like enemies who cannot be killed by fireballs), and all enemies walk faster. The third and sixth worlds take place at night, and all other worlds take place during the day. Bowser may be defeated in one of two ways; either by touching the axe at the edge of the bridge (thereby dropping Bowser into the lava), or, as Fiery Mario, throwing fireballs at him to defeat him directly. In the later worlds, Bowser throws hammers as well as occasional fire breaths. At the end of each castle level, Mario fights "Bowser" (who, until the final level, is actually a lesser enemy disguised as Bowser) across a bridge over a pool of lava. Though each world is substantially different, there are basic similarities: typically the first sub-world is a generic above-ground (overworld) level, the second is in an underground dungeon or underwater (or in the overworld with a unique challenge), the third is a series of platforms suspended high in the sky, and the fourth is a fortress or castle. The game consists of eight worlds with four levels in each. There are no checkpoints in castles (#-4) or in world 8 (8-#). The point where Mario continues depends on how far he ran through the level before dying; either from the very beginning, or at an invisible "checkpoint" halfway through the level. However, if he takes a hit as regular Mario, falls down a pit (regardless of status), or if the time clock runs out, he loses a life, and starts again. If he takes a hit from an enemy as Super Mario or Fiery Mario, he simply reverts back to regular Mario and the game continues. Mario can be hurt if he touches an enemy. Aiding him in his quest are several power-ups, including the Super Mushroom, which turns Mario into Super Mario, doubling his size; the Fire Flower, which turns Super Mario into Fiery Mario, allowing him to throw fireballs; Starman, which gives him temporary invincibility; and the 1-up Mushroom. Jumping on enough enemies in succession, or kicking a shell into enough enemies in succession (combos), results in double points earned with each enemy killed, eventually earning Mario a 1-up, an extra life and another chance to pass the level. Mario can then kick these shells into other enemies, which will conveniently dispatch them; but conversely, kicked shells can bounce back off of walls or other vertical obstructions and hit him. Mario's primary attack is simply jumping on top of his enemies, which kills the mushroom traitors, known as Kuribou/Goombas, and sends the turtle soldiers known as Nokonoko/Koopa Troopas into their shells. The ultimate object is to race through the Mushroom Kingdom, evade or eliminate King Koopa/King Bowser's forces, and save the Princess Peach/Princess Toadstool. The player takes the role of Mario, or in the case of a second player, Mario's brother Luigi. And the background should be a clear, blue sky."[2]. Shigeru Miyamoto described his initial idea for Super Mario Bros. as "a character that bounces around. . Mario, who became Nintendo's mascot, was at one time more recognizable among American children than Mickey Mouse. The game gave Mario (known as Jumpman in the classic arcade game Donkey Kong), a starring role. It has inspired countless imitators (eventually founding an entire genre) and was one of Shigeru Miyamoto's most influential early successes. Super Mario Bros. is considered by The Guinness Book of World Records as the best-selling video game of all time[1], and was largely responsible for the initial success of the Famicom and Nintendo Entertainment System. Universally considered a classic of the medium, Super Mario Bros. was one of the first side-scrolling platform games of its kind, introducing players to huge, bright, expansive worlds that changed the way video games were created. Super Mario Bros. is a video game produced by Nintendo in 1985. "Japanese Sales Charts, Week Ending October 2", Gamasutra, October 7, 2005, retrieved November 22, 2005. ^ - Jenkins, David. "ChartSpot: June 2004", Gamespot, August 2, 2004, retrieved November 26, 2005. ^ - Thorsen, Tor. ^ - Screenshots V, Multiple Arcade Machine Emulator website, retrieved November 22, 2005. Super Mario Bros., Killer List of Video Games, retrieved November 22, 2005. ^ - Vs. Super Mario Bros., Everything2, December 29, 2001, retrieved November 21, 2005. Vs. ^ - passport. "Mario music bounces up the charts," Gamespot, June 7, 2005, retrieved November 26, 2005. ^ - Nllzumi, Hirohiko. Game Over: How Nintendo Zapped an American Industry, Captured Your Dollars, and Enslaved Your Children, Random House, 1991. ^ - Sheff, David. ^ - IGN's Top 100 Games, IGN.com, retrieved November 26, 2005. ^ - IGN's Top 100 Games, IGN.com, May 9, 2003, retrieved November 26, 2005. ^ - Best-Selling Video Games, Guinness World Records, 1999, retrieved November 21, 2005. "Meet Mario's Papa", BusinessWeek online, November 7, 2005, retrieved November 26, 2005. ^ - O'Connell, Patricia. 3. With the exception of the "firesticks" seen in the castles, every enemy in the game went on to reappear in Super Mario Bros. 3 (14), Super Mario 64 (6), Super Mario World (88) and Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island (83). It beat many other Mario titles, including Super Mario Bros. Topped the list of "The Greatest 200 Games of Our Time" feature in Electronic Gaming Monthly's February 2006 issue, as part of a 200-issue celebration. The so-called "growing Mario" sound was used in a Colecovision game Wallbreaker. 3. Super Mario Bros. instead of The Lost Levels and later released in Japan as Super Mario USA. 2 — an adaptation of Doki Doki Panic, a Japanese game unrelated to Mario, released in the U.S. Super Mario Bros. This game would later be released worldwide as The Lost Levels on the Super NES cartridge Super Mario All-Stars. 2. Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels — originally released for the Famicom in Japan as Super Mario Bros. |