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Winny

Winny (also known as WinNY) is a Japanese peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing program that claims to be loosely inspired by the design principles behind the Freenet network and that also claimed to keep user identities untraceable. While Freenet was implemented in Java, Winny was implemented as a Windows C++ application.

The software takes its name from WinMX, where the M and the X are raised one letter in the Latin alphabet, to N and Y. As of September 2003, there were 250,000 users of the program according to the Tokyo-based Association of Copyright for Computer Software. According to P2Pnet, it was the most popular file-sharing program in Japan, with WinMX in second place.

The software was developed by Isamu Kaneko, who is a research assistant in graduate course of computer engineering at the University of Tokyo in Japan. He was also once a researcher at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. Kaneko originally anonymously announced his intent of developing the software on the Download Software board (which was a board filled with copyright infringers) of the popular 2channel (2ch for short) Japanese bulletin board site. Since 2ch users often refer to anonymous users by their post numbers, Kaneko came to be known as "Mr. 47" ("47-Shi", or 47氏 in Japanese), or just "47".

On November 28, 2003, two Japanese users of Winny, Yoshihiro Inoue1, a 41 year-old self-employed businessman from Takasaki, Gunma Prefecture and an unemployed 19-year-old from Matsuyama, were arrested by the Kyoto Prefectural Police. They were accused of sharing copyrighted material via Winny and admitted to their crimes. Shortly following the two users' arrests, Kaneko also had his home searched and had the source code of Winny confiscated by the Kyoto Police.

On May 10, 2004, Kaneko was arrested for suspected conspiracy to commit copyright violation by the High-tech Crime Taskforce of the Kyoto Prefectural Police.

Kaneko's arrest caused an uproar in communities on the Internet, including 2ch, citing it as an unjust arrest. A website set up to raise money for the defense of Kaneko has raised over 11 million yen (about 97,000 US$ on May 23, 2004) within two weeks.

Kaneko was released on bail on June 1, 2004. The court hearings started in September 2004 at Kyoto district court.

After Winny's development was stopped, Share was started by an anonymous Japanese engineer to pick up where Winny left off.

Winny's Anonymity

At the time of the two users' arrests, the Kyoto Police claimed to have "analyzed Winny's anonymity features" to track the users down, but did not disclose the exact method used. It later turns out, as the details of the method used was disclosed at Kaneko's first day of trial, that this statement was not entirely accurate — It was areas where Winny did not provide anonymity that the Police used to track users down.

After failing to crack Winny's encrypted communications used in its file sharing feature, the Kyoto Police switched to a different method, namely tracking users via Winny's integrated forum feature. Unlike its file sharing feature, the forum feature of Winny provided anonymity for users who accessed message threads, but not for creators of threads. Users accessing threads were able to determine the IP address of the originator of the thread.

The Kyoto Police first looked for a thread where its originator was posting the file names of copyrighted material he was sharing, and recorded his IP address. They then configured their firewall to only allow connections to them from the thread owner's IP address. Finally, they confirmed that they could indeed download the copyrighted file from the user who stated (on his thread) that he was sharing it.

Debate of Winny's Purpose

Critics of Kaneko have stated that the main purpose of Winny is to violate copyright law, unlike Freenet, another peer-to-peer system that Winny is often compared to, which claims to protect freedom of speech. These critics also claim that 2ch's Download Software board, where the software was first announced, is a haven for copyright violators, and that Kaneko himself had said that the aim of development of Winny is to push the tide towards a world filled with copyright infringement, quoting several posts from 2ch.

In one of the posts in 2ch Download Software board, "47" had pointed out that '... beta 8.1 [of Winny] has a security hole and is not anonymous. Don't exchange illegal files [with it].' 2. Critics claim that this is one evidence of Kaneko's malicious intent, as that "47" was advising users not to share copyrighted material on beta 8.1 because it was not anonymous and infringing users could be traced.

Others have said that Kaneko's action shouldn't constitute a crime, since he didn't infringe copyright himself, but that he just created software that could be used for that purpose. They also state that the claims of Kaneko's intent by his critics are unprovable (some go as to it being outright false), as Kaneko's noted statements are too vague to be interpreted as having the intent claimed by critics. According to the Free Kaneko website, he warned not to share illegal material using the software.

Notes

  1. Earlier versions of this article had stated the name of the 41-year-old man as "Katsuhiko Kimoto". The Police and the media initially used this name, as the man used it to identify himself, and the claim could not be verified. Police later found out that the name was an alias. Inoue himself claims to have been using the Kimoto name regularly.
  2. Quote was translated from the original Japanese, which can be found at http://winny.info/2ch/main/1021057195.html#526.
  3. The final version of Winny released by Kaneko himself is 2.0b7.1.
  4. b7.26 is the version to which a hacker called lark hexedited in some new features, it is widely unused.

Further reading

  • Kaneko Isamu (2005). The Technology of Winny, 201, ASCII. ISBN 4-756-14548-5. (Japanese)

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According to the Free Kaneko website, he warned not to share illegal material using the software. Past Robots E0 E0 (1986) Honda E1 E1 (1987 - 1991) E2 (1987 - 1991) E3 (1987 - 1991) E4 (1991 - 1993) E5 (1991 - 1993) E6 (1991 - 1993) P1 (1993 - 1993) P2 (1993 - 1993) P3 (1993 - 1993) ASIMO (2000 - Today). They also state that the claims of Kaneko's intent by his critics are unprovable (some go as to it being outright false), as Kaneko's noted statements are too vague to be interpreted as having the intent claimed by critics. Honda's entry into the US motorcycle market during the 1960s is used as a case study for teaching introductory strategy at many business schools worldwide. Others have said that Kaneko's action shouldn't constitute a crime, since he didn't infringe copyright himself, but that he just created software that could be used for that purpose. For example, the high power-to-weight ratio engines Honda produced for its racing bikes provided technology and expertise which was transferable into mopeds. Critics claim that this is one evidence of Kaneko's malicious intent, as that "47" was advising users not to share copyrighted material on beta 8.1 because it was not anonymous and infringing users could be traced. Creating the concept of core competencies with Honda as an example, they argued that Honda’s success was due to its focus on leadership in the technology of internal combustion engines.

Don't exchange illegal files [with it].' 2. Prahalad in 1989. beta 8.1 [of Winny] has a security hole and is not anonymous. K. In one of the posts in 2ch Download Software board, "47" had pointed out that '.. The most recent school of thought on Honda’s strategy was put forward by Gary Hamel and C. These critics also claim that 2ch's Download Software board, where the software was first announced, is a haven for copyright violators, and that Kaneko himself had said that the aim of development of Winny is to push the tide towards a world filled with copyright infringement, quoting several posts from 2ch. It was only when the team found that the scooters they were using to get themselves around their US base of San Francisco attracted positive interest from consumers that they came up with the idea of selling the Supercub.

Critics of Kaneko have stated that the main purpose of Winny is to violate copyright law, unlike Freenet, another peer-to-peer system that Winny is often compared to, which claims to protect freedom of speech. For example, Honda’s initial plan on entering the US was to compete in large motorcycles, around 300cc. Finally, they confirmed that they could indeed download the copyrighted file from the user who stated (on his thread) that he was sharing it. As opposed to the tightly focused strategy of low cost and high scale that BCG accredited to Honda, Pascale found that their entry into the US market was a story of “miscalculation, serendipity, and organizational learning” – in other words, Honda’s success was due to the adaptability (and hard work) of its staff, rather than any long term strategy. They then configured their firewall to only allow connections to them from the thread owner's IP address. The second story is told in 1984 by Richard Pascale, who had interviewed the Honda executives responsible for the firm’s entry into the US market. The Kyoto Police first looked for a thread where its originator was posting the file names of copyrighted material he was sharing, and recorded his IP address. It blamed the decline of the British motorcycle industry on the failure of British managers to invest enough in their businesses to profit from economies of scale and scope.

Users accessing threads were able to determine the IP address of the originator of the thread. The report concluded that the Japanese firms, including Honda, had sought a very high scale of production (they had made a large number of motorbikes) in order to benefit from economies of scale and learning curve effects. Unlike its file sharing feature, the forum feature of Winny provided anonymity for users who accessed message threads, but not for creators of threads. The first of these explanations was put forward when, in 1975, Boston Consulting Group (BCG) was commissioned by the UK government to write a report explaining why and how the British motorcycle industry had been out-competed by its Japanese competitors. After failing to crack Winny's encrypted communications used in its file sharing feature, the Kyoto Police switched to a different method, namely tracking users via Winny's integrated forum feature. Competing explanations have been advanced to explain Honda’s strategy and the reasons for their success. It later turns out, as the details of the method used was disclosed at Kaneko's first day of trial, that this statement was not entirely accurate — It was areas where Winny did not provide anonymity that the Police used to track users down. Taking Honda’s story as an archetype of the smaller manufacturer entering a new market already occupied by highly dominant competitors, the story of their market entry, and their subsequent huge success in the US and around the world, has been the subject of some academic controversy.

At the time of the two users' arrests, the Kyoto Police claimed to have "analyzed Winny's anonymity features" to track the users down, but did not disclose the exact method used. During the 1960s, when it was a small manufacturer, Honda broke out of the Japanese motorcycle market and began exporting to the US. . In 2004, Honda-powered cars won 14 of 16 IRL events, including the Indianapolis 500, and claimed the IRL Manufacturers' Championship, Drivers' Championship and Rookie of the Year titles. After Winny's development was stopped, Share was started by an anonymous Japanese engineer to pick up where Winny left off. In 2003, Honda became an engine supplier to the Indy Racing League. The court hearings started in September 2004 at Kyoto district court. This racing tragedy, coupled with their commercial difficulties selling automobiles in the United States, prompted Honda to withdraw from all international motorsport that year.

Kaneko was released on bail on June 1, 2004. In 1968, Jo Schlesser was killed in a Honda RA302 at the French Grand Prix. A website set up to raise money for the defense of Kaneko has raised over 11 million yen (about 97,000 US$ on May 23, 2004) within two weeks. Hailwood would later pick up their first senior TT win in 1966. Kaneko's arrest caused an uproar in communities on the Internet, including 2ch, citing it as an unjust arrest. While always having good power, it took until 1961 for Honda to tune their chassis well enough to allow Mike Hailwood to claim their first race victories in the 125 and 250 cc classes. On May 10, 2004, Kaneko was arrested for suspected conspiracy to commit copyright violation by the High-tech Crime Taskforce of the Kyoto Prefectural Police. In 1959, Honda entered five motorcycles into the Isle of Man TT race, the most prestigious motorcycle race in the world.

Shortly following the two users' arrests, Kaneko also had his home searched and had the source code of Winny confiscated by the Kyoto Police. Soichiro Honda, being a race driver himself, could not stay out of international motorsport. They were accused of sharing copyrighted material via Winny and admitted to their crimes. Honda also plans to make its vehicles safer for pedestrians, with more safely-designed hoods, hinges, frame constructs, and breakaway wiper pivots. On November 28, 2003, two Japanese users of Winny, Yoshihiro Inoue1, a 41 year-old self-employed businessman from Takasaki, Gunma Prefecture and an unemployed 19-year-old from Matsuyama, were arrested by the Kyoto Prefectural Police. By 2006, Honda plans to have as standard equipment Vehicle Safety Assist and rollover sensors in all light trucks, including the CR-V, Odyssey, and Acura MDX. 47" ("47-Shi", or 47氏 in Japanese), or just "47". For the 2007 model year, Honda plans to improve the safety of its vehicles by providing front-seat side airbags, side-curtain airbags, and anti-lock brakes as standard equipment in all automobiles available in North America (except the Insight, S2000, and Acura NSX, which will not have side-curtain airbags).

Since 2ch users often refer to anonymous users by their post numbers, Kaneko came to be known as "Mr. A more aggressive, longer duration, cam engages when engine RPM reaches a set point resulting in more power during hard acceleration. Kaneko originally anonymously announced his intent of developing the software on the Download Software board (which was a board filled with copyright infringers) of the popular 2channel (2ch for short) Japanese bulletin board site. Normal driving would use a "shorter" cam lobe that resulted in more efficient operation. He was also once a researcher at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. One of the first of its kind in passenger vehicles, it worked on the premise of tuning one engine to operate at two different 'settings' depending on load. The software was developed by Isamu Kaneko, who is a research assistant in graduate course of computer engineering at the University of Tokyo in Japan. In 1989 Honda launched their VTEC variable valve timing system in its production car engines, which gave improved efficiency and performance across a broader range of engine speeds.

According to P2Pnet, it was the most popular file-sharing program in Japan, with WinMX in second place. Created in 1986 and known as Acura, the line is made up of modified versions of Honda vehicles usually with more power and sportiness than their Honda counterparts. As of September 2003, there were 250,000 users of the program according to the Tokyo-based Association of Copyright for Computer Software. Honda was also the first Japanese automaker to introduce a separate luxury line of vehicles. The software takes its name from WinMX, where the M and the X are raised one letter in the Latin alphabet, to N and Y. Honda's Canadian and many US-market Civics are manufactured in their plant in Alliston, Ontario since 1985. While Freenet was implemented in Java, Winny was implemented as a Windows C++ application. headquarters are located in Torrance, California.

Winny (also known as WinNY) is a Japanese peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing program that claims to be loosely inspired by the design principles behind the Freenet network and that also claimed to keep user identities untraceable. Honda's North American and U.S. ISBN 4-756-14548-5. (Japanese). They now have plants in Marysville, Anna, and East Liberty, as well as in Lincoln, Alabama (Honda Manufacturing of Alabama), and Timmonsville, South Carolina, and plan to open a new plant in Tallapoosa, Georgia. The Technology of Winny, 201, ASCII. In 1982, Honda was the first Japanese car manufacturer to build car plants in the US, starting with an Accord plant in Marysville, Ohio. Kaneko Isamu (2005). In 1976, the Accord was immediately popular because of its economy and fun-to-drive nature; Honda had found its niche in the United States.

b7.26 is the version to which a hacker called lark hexedited in some new features, it is widely unused. However, Honda's introduction of the 1975 Civic CVCC, CVCC being a variation on the stratified charge engine, allowed the Civic to pass emissions tests without a catalytic converter. The final version of Winny released by Kaneko himself is 2.0b7.1. New emissions laws in the US, requiring American car makers to affix expensive catalytic converters to exhaust systems, noticeably increased sticker prices. Quote was translated from the original Japanese, which can be found at http://winny.info/2ch/main/1021057195.html#526. Honda finally established a foothold in the American market in 1972 with the introduction of the Civic—larger than their previous models, but still small compared to the typical American car—just as the 1970s energy crisis was impacting worldwide economies. Inoue himself claims to have been using the Kimoto name regularly. Built for Japanese buyers, Honda's small cars had failed to gain the interest of American buyers.

Police later found out that the name was an alias. Though participating in international motorsport (see Racing), Honda was having difficulty selling its automobiles in the United States. The Police and the media initially used this name, as the man used it to identify himself, and the claim could not be verified. Honda began producing road cars in 1960, mostly intended for the Japanese market. Earlier versions of this article had stated the name of the 41-year-old man as "Katsuhiko Kimoto". By the 1970s, Honda was the largest producer of motorcycles in the world, a title it has never relinquished. The British were especially slow to respond to the Honda introduction of electric starters to motorcycles.

By the late 1960s, Honda had conquered most world markets. Honda quickly began to produce a range of scooters and motorcycles and Soichiro Honda quickly recovered from the losses incurred during the war. remains the same, in honor of Soichiro Honda's efforts. Ltd.

Interestingly, the official Japanese name for Honda Motor Co. Honda and associates would fit engines to bicycles. Ltd." Despite its grandiose name, the first facility bearing that name was a simple wooden shack where Mr. Soichiro Honda created a new company with what he had left, giving it the unusual name of "Honda Giken Kōgyō Kabushiki Kaisha" which translates to "Honda Research Institute Co.

The Honda piston manufacturing facilities were almost completely destroyed. Honda, utilizing his manufacturing facilities, attached an engine to a bicycle, creating the cheap and efficient transport that was required. Soichiro Honda took advantage of a gap in the Japanese market that was decimated by World War II, Japan was starved of money and fuel, but still in need of basic transport. was founded.

On September 24, 1948 the Honda Motor Co. He quickly became a sub-contractor to Toyota, and then expanded into other engine parts. Soichiro Honda began by manufacturing piston rings in November 1937. .

Honda Canada is based in Alliston, Ontario. American Honda Motor Co., is based in Torrance, CA. Their shares trade on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange, as well as exchanges in Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Kyoto, Fukuoka, London, Paris and Switzerland. Honda is headquartered in Tokyo.

It is arguable, however, that the foundation of Honda's success is the motorcycle division, for which the name is still probably the best known. Honda's high-end line of cars are branded Acura in North America. In 2004, the company began to produce diesel motors, which were both very quiet whilst not requiring particulate filters to pass pollution standards. With more than 14 million internal combustion engines built each year, Honda is the largest engine-maker in the world.

They also make ATVs, water craft, electrical generators, marine engines, and lawn and garden equipment. Honda Motor Co., Ltd. (in Japanese: 本田技研工業株式会社, in romaji: Honda Giken Kōgyō Kabushiki Kaisha, in pinyin: Bentian Jiyan Gongye Zhushi Huishe) TYO: 7267 (NYSE: HMC), is a Japanese manufacturer of automobiles, trucks, motorcycles, and scooters. ASIMO Humanoid Robot - Official US Site. ASIMO ASIMO, a bipedal humanoid robot.