Venice

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News stories from Wikinews. For persons born in Venice, see Natives of Venice.. Bears, usually anthropomorphized, appear frequently as characters in popular culture; see List of fictional bears. In videogames, Venice appeared in Core Design's Tomb Raider 2. A bear also features prominently in the legend of Saint Romedius, who is also said to have tamed one of these animals and had the same bear carry him from his hermitage in the mountains to the city of Trento. Other major works involving Venice include:. In the arms of the bishopric of Freising (illustration, right) the bear is the dangerous totem animal tamed by Saint Corbinian and made to carry his civilized baggage over the mountains: the allegory of the civilizing influence of Christianity is inescapable.

Cooper's novel depicts Venice as a brutal dictatorship, governed through intrigue and murder, masked by the placid facade of the Repubblica Serenissima (serene republic). Bears are a common symbol of heraldry. A bravo is an assassin under contract to the state, typically carrying out his assignments with a stilletto. The bear is also the name-emblem of Berlin. A remarkable, and unflattering, portrait of Venetian politics appears in The Bravo, published in 1831 by American novelist James Fennimore Cooper. Numerous cities around the world have adopted the bear as a symbol, notably the Swiss capital Bern, which takes its name from the German for bear, bär. Life in 1750s Venice is illustrated by the biography A Venetian Affair, which is based on the prolific love letters between a Venetian nobleman and his illegitimate half-English lover. The theory of the bear taboo is taught to almost all beginning students of Indo-European and historical linguistics; the putative original PIE word for bear is itself descriptive, because a cognate word in Sanskrit is rakshas, meaning "harm, injury" [1].

They were generally rough. In the Finnish countryside, the word for "bear" remains taboo to this day. Canvases (the now almost universal surface for painting) originated in Venice during the early renaissance. Thus four separate Indo-European language groups do not share the same PIE root. By the end of the century, Venice was famous for the splendor of its music, as exemplified in the "colossal style" of Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli, which used multiple choruses and instrumental groups. Arthur), Sanskrit *ṛkṣa, Hittite hartagga) seems to have been subject to taboo deformation or replacement (as was the word for wolf, wlk^wos), resulting in the use of numerous unrelated words with meanings like "brown one" (English bruin) and "honey-eater" (Slavic medved). Venice was the early center of music printing; Ottaviano Petrucci began publishing music almost as soon as this technology was available, and his publishing enterprise helped to attract composers from all over Europe, especially from France and Flanders. In addition, the Proto-Indo-European word for bear, *hr̥ktos (ancestral to the Greek arktos, Latin ursus, Welsh arth (c.f.

During the 16th century, Venice became one of the most important musical centers of Europe, marked by a characteristic style of composition (the Venetian school) and the development of the Venetian polychoral style under composers such as Adrian Willaert, who worked at San Marco. There has been evidence about early bear worship in China and among the Ainu culture as well. Dull garments were worn over colorful ones, which then were cut to show the hidden colors — which resulted in the wide spread of men's "slashed" fashions in the 15th century. This is why the bear was a greatly respected animal, with several euphemistic names. The Senate passed sumptuary laws, but these merely resulted in changes in fashion in order to circumvent the law. The prehistoric Finns, along with most finno-ugric peoples, considered the bear as the spirit of one's forefathers. In the 14th century, many young Venetian men began wearing tight-fitting multicolored hose, the designs on which indicated the Compagnie della Calza ("Trouser Club") to which they belonged. Anthropologists such as Joseph Campbell have regarded this as a common feature in most of the fishing and hunting-tribes.

If sinking is prevented, today's engineers hope that future generations will - perhaps in thousands of years time - remember the current work being done, for saving one of the most romantic cities in the world. There is some evidence for prehistoric bear worship, see Arctic, Arcturus, Great Bear, Berserker, Kalevala. A further point about the "lifting" system would be that it would be permenant - the MOSE Project is, by it very nature, a temporary system: it is expected to protect Venice for "only" 100 years. The discovery has shown that while all other Brown Bears share a Brown Bear as their closest relative, those of Alaska's ABC Islands differ and share their closest relation with the Polar Bear. This way, some hope, it could rise above sea levels, protecting it for hundreds of years, and eventually the MOSE project may not be necessary (it will, controvertially, alter the tidal patterns in the lagoon, damaging some wildlife). The researchers discovered that their DNA was unique compared to Brown Bears anywhere else in the world. Some experts say that the best way to protect Venice is to physically lift the City to a greater height above sea level - by pumping water into the soil underneath the city. Researchers Gerald Shields and Sandra Talbot of the University of Alaska Fairbanks Institute of Arctic Biology studied the DNA of several samples of the species and found that their DNA is different from that of other Brown Bears.

To make things worse, however, sea levels are rising anyway, and in fact, the whole east coast of Italy is sinking (although very slowly). There is also evidence that, unlike their neighbors elsewhere, the Brown Bears of Alaska's ABC Islands are more closely related to Polar Bears than they are to other Brown Bears in the world. This challenging engineering work is due to be completed by 2011. The many similarities between the two pandas are thought to represent convergent evolution for feeding primarily on bamboo. When tides are predicted to rise above 110 centimetres, the pontoons will be filled with air and block the incoming water from the Adriatic sea. Others place it with the racoons in Procyonidae or in its own family, the Ailuridae. In May 2003, Silvio Berlusconi, the Italian Prime Minister, inaugurated the MOSE project, which will lay a series of 79 inflatable pontoons across the sea bed at the three entrances to the lagoon. The status of the Red Panda remains uncertain, but many experts, including Wilson and Reeder, classify it as a member of the bear family.

Some recent studies have suggested that the city is no longer sinking^{[citation needed]}, but this is not yet certain; therefore, a state of alert has not been revoked. Although there has previously been much discussion as to whether the Giant Panda belongs to the bear family or the raccoon family, recent DNA analyses have shown that the Giant Panda is a member of the Family Ursidae and as such is more closely related to other bears. Thus, many Venetians resorted to moving up to the upper floors and continue with their lives. Extinct bear genera include Arctodus, Agriarctos, Agriotherium, Plionarctos and Indarctos. In many old houses the former staircases used by people to unload goods are now flooded, rendering the former ground floor uninhabitable. This genus radiated in Asia and ultimately gave rise to the first true bears (genus Ursus) in Europe, 5 million years ago. However, the city is still threatened by more frequent low-level floods (so-called Acqua alta, "high water") that creep to a height of several centimeters over its quays, regularly following certain tides. Cephalogale gave rise to a lineage of early bears, the genus Ursavus.

This sinking process has slowed markedly since artesian wells were banned in the 1960s. The origins of the bears can be traced back to the raccoon-sized, dog-like Cephalogale from the middle Oligocene and early Miocene (approximately 20-30 million years ago) of Europe. It was realised that extraction of the aquifer was the cause. Although bears are often described as having evolved from a dog-like ancestor, their closest living relatives are the pinnipeds (walruses, seals, and sea lions). During the 20th century, when many artesian wells were sunk into the periphery of the lagoon to draw water for local industry, Venice began to subside. Other members of the Caniformia include wolves and other dog-like mammals (family Canidae), weasels, skunks, and badgers (family Mustelidae), raccoons (family Procyonidae), and walruses (family Odobenidae), seals (family Phocidae), and sea lions (family Otariidae). This created an ever-deeper lagoon environment. Bears are members of the order Carnivora, suborder Caniformia, and family Ursidae.

Six hundred years ago, Venetians protected themselves from land-based attacks by diverting all the major rivers flowing into the lagoon and thus preventing sediment from filling the area around the city. A number of hybrids have been bred between American Black, Brown and Polar Bears (see Ursinae hybrids). The buildings are often threatened by flood tides pushing in from the Adriatic between autumn and early spring. The Asiatic Black Bear and the Polar Bear used to be placed in their own genera, Selenarctos and Thalarctos. The foundations rest on the piles, and buildings of brick or stone sit above these footings. The genera Melursus and Helarctos are included in the genus Ursus. Most of these piles are still intact after centuries of submersion. Sun Bears are the smallest, only a bit smaller than the average person.

The buildings of Venice are constructed on closely spaced wood piles (under water, in the absence of oxygen, wood does not decay) which penetrate alternating layers of clay and sand. Kodiak Bears are the largest type of bear (Polar Bears are the heaviest though), indeed one of the largest extant carnivores. The city is divided into the six districts of Cannaregio, San Polo, Dorsoduro (including the Giudecca), Santa Croce, San Marco and Castello (including San Pietro di Castello and Sant'Elena). The Brown Bear is Finland's national animal. The sestieri are the primary traditional divisions of Venice. Bears have an average life expectancy of 25–40 years. Other populations include Bulgarian, Tunisian, Albanian, and Macedonian. Bears in captivity used to be trained to dance, box, or unicycle, but it is now controversial to use animals in this way.

Istat breaks down the population as:. Laws have been passed in many areas of the world to protect bears from hunters or habitat destruction. The city is much visited by tourists, of course; but of the permanent population 3.8 % are foreigners as well: from all around the world, and especially from Asia. Higher body heat and being easily roused may be adaptations because female bears bear cubs during this winter sleep. The airport is on the mainland and was rebuilt away from the coast so that visitors now need to get a bus to the pier, from which a water taxi or Aliliguna waterbus can be used. Unlike rodents, bears are easily awakened when disturbed. Venice is served by the newly rebuilt Marco Polo International Airport, or Aeroporto di Venezia Marco Polo, named in honor of its famous citizen. Recycling urine is quite a physiological feat.

The only unmotorized gondolas still in common use by Venetians are the traghetti, foot passenger ferries crossing the Grand Canal at certain points without bridges. They do not wake normally during 'hibernation' therefore do not eat, drink, urinate or defecate the entire period. The city also has many private boats. The body temperature of bears, on the other hand, drops only a few degrees from normal and heart rate slows slightly. Most Venetians now travel by motorised waterbuses ("vaporetti") which ply regular routes along the major canals and between the city's islands. It is difficult to awaken them by disturbance. The classical Venetian boat is the gondola, although it is now mostly used for tourists, or for weddings, funerals, or other ceremonies, due to its cost. In true hibernators, body temperatures drop to near ambient and heart rate slows drastically, but they periodically rouse themselves to urinate or defecate and eat from stored food.

Venice is Europe's largest carfree area, unique in Europe in remaining a sizable functioning city in the 21st century entirely without motorcars or trucks. While many bear species do go into a physiological state called hibernation or winter sleep, it is not true hibernation. Beyond these land entrances at the northern edge of the city, transportation within the city remains, as it was in centuries past, entirely on water or on foot. Many bears of northern regions are assumed to hibernate in the winter. In the 19th century a causeway to the mainland brought a railway station to Venice, and an automobile causeway and parking lot was added in the 20th century. Normally, bears are very solitary and will not remain close together for long periods of time. In the old center, the canals serve the function of roads, and every form of transport is on water or on foot. The cubs are more sexually mature at seven years.

The islands on which the city is built are connected by about 400 bridges. However, they will still remain nearby for three years. It is built on an archipelago of more than 100 islands (118 in total) formed by about 150 canals in a shallow lagoon. Then, they are weaned. Venice is famous for its canals. They will be fed by milk at first and will start hunting with the mother in three months. The Venetian military tradition also was notably cautious; they were more interested in achieving success with a minimum expense of lives and money than in the pursuit of glory. The cubs, usually born in litters of 1–3, will stay with the mother for six months.

A civilian commissioner (not unlike a commissar) accompanied each army to keep an eye on things, especially the mercenaries. Cubs come out toothless, blind, and bald. Not only was efficiency not degraded, this policy saved Venice from the military takeovers that other Italian city states so often experienced. Bears reproduce seasonally, usually after a period of inactivity similar to hibernation. By ancient law, no nobleman could command more than twenty-five men (to prevent against sedition by private armies), and while the position of Captain General was introduced in the mid-14th century, he still had to answer to a civilian panel of twenty "wise men". The bear's courtship period is very brief. The command structure in the army was different from that in the fleet. The only exceptions are polar bears and large adult brown bears, whose heavy weight makes it difficult to climb trees.

Throughout the 15th century, Venetian land forces were almost always on the offensive and were regarded as the most effective in Italy, largely because of the tradition of all classes carrying arms in defense of the city and official encouragement of general military training. Most bears are able to climb trees to chase prey or gain access to additional vegetation. Later in that century, uniforms were adopted that featured red-and-white stripes, and a system of honors and pensions developed. They use their excellent memories to return to locations where food was plentiful in past years or seasons. In its alliance with Florence in 1426, Venice agreed to supply 8,000 cavalry and 3,000 infantry in time of war, and 3,000 and 1,000 in peacetime. Bears travel over large territories in search of food, remembering the details of the landscape they cover. Early in the 15th century, as new mainland territories were expanded, the first standing army was organized, consisting of condottieri on contract. Male young usually leave their mothers to live in other areas, but females often live in an area that overlaps that of their mother.

As in other Italian cities, aristocrats and other wealthy men were cavalrymen while the city's conscripts fought as infantry. A male and female may live in an overlapping home range, each defending their range from other bears of the same sex. The register of 1338 estimated that 30,000 Venetian men were capable of bearing arms; many of these were skilled crossbowmen. Other bears may live alone but exist in a social network. In times of emergency, all males between seventeen and sixty years were registered and their weapons were surveyed, with those called to actually fight being organized into companies of twelve. Giant pandas may also form small social groups, based on recent evidence, perhaps because bamboo is more concentrated than the patchy food resources of other bear species. In the 13th century, most Italian city states already were hiring mercenaries, but Venetian troops were still recruited from the lagoon, plus feudal levies from Dalmatia and Istria. Alaskan brown bears group in the same area to feed on salmon during the annual salmon runs, when the fish swim upriver to reach their spawning grounds.

Though Venice was famous for its navy, its army was equally effective. Bears form temporary groups only when food is plentiful in a small area. The company of "Noble Bowmen" was recruited in the later 14th century from among the younger aristocracy and served aboard both war-galleys and armed merchantmen, with the privilege of sharing the captain's cabin. Bears mostly live alone, except for mothers and their cubs, or males and females during mating season. As weapons became more expensive and complex to operate, professional soldiers were assigned to help work merchant sailing ships and as rowers in galleys. They will, however, defend their cubs ferociously. By 1303, crossbow practice had become compulsory in the city, with citizens training in groups. For the most part, bears are shy and are easily frightened of humans.

Rowing skills were encouraged through races and regattas. Some of the large species, such as the polar bear and the grizzly bear, are dangerous to humans, especially in areas where they have become used to people. Debtors generally worked off their obligations rowing the galleys. Hunting times are usually in the dusk or the dawn except when humans are nearby. Those from the city were chosen by lot from each parish, their families being supported by the remainder of the parish while the rowers were away. Bears will commonly travel far for food. Galley slaves did not exist in medieval Venice, the oarsmen coming from the city itself or from its possessions, especially Dalmatia. They can also go to a river or other body of water to capture fish.

A reserve of some 25 (later 100) war-galleys was maintained in the Arsenal. They eat lichens, roots, nuts, and berries. The government required each merchant ship to carry a specified number of weapons (mostly crossbows and javelins) and armor; merchant passengers were also expected to be armed and to fight when necessary. They are mainly omnivorous, although some have a more specialised diet, such as polar bears. By 1450, more than 3,000 Venetian merchant ships were in operation, and most of these could be converted when necessary into either warships or transports. Bears live in a variety of habitats from the tropics to the Arctic and from forests to snowfields. After 1797, the city fell into a serious decline, with many of the old palaces and other buildings abandoned and falling into disrepair, although the Lido became a popular beach resort in the late 19th century. Bears living in the wild tend to die younger than their zoo-counterparts.

In 1866, along with the rest of Venetia, Venice became part of Italy. A bear's life span seems to last about 25 to 40 years. It was taken from Austria by the Treaty of Pressburg in 1805 and became part of Napoleon's Kingdom of Italy, but was returned to Austria following Napoleon's defeat in 1814. Large male polar bears may weigh twice as much as females, while smaller male and sun bears are much more similar in weight. The Austrians took control of the city on January 18, 1798. In all bear species, males are larger than females, but the difference between sexes varies and is greatest in the largest species. Venice became part of the Austrian-held Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia when Napoleon signed the Treaty of Campo Formio on October 12 1797. Several species, such as the sun bear and spectacled bear have a light-colored chest with facial markings.

He removed the gates of the Ghetto and ended the restrictions on when and where Jews could live and travel in the city. For example, American black bears may be black, brown, reddish-brown, or bluish-black. Napoleon was seen as something of a liberator by the city's Jewish population. Colors of a bear's fur can also vary within species. The French conqueror brought to an end the most fascinating century of its history: It was during the "Settecento" that Venice became perhaps the most elegant and refined city in Europe, greatly influencing art, architecture, and literature. Fur color varies among species, ranging from white, blonde or cream, to black, and white to all black or all brown. After 1070 years, the Republic lost its independence when Napoleon Bonaparte on May 12, 1797, conquered Venice during the First Coalition. A bear's fur is long and shaggy.

Venetian ambassadors sent home still-extant secret reports of the politics and rumours of European courts, providing fascinating information to modern historians. They are also stronger than most carnivores and their limbs are more flexible and agile. The second, more famous, occasion was on April 27, 1509, by order of Pope Julius II (see League of Cambrai). Although slower than most carnivores, a running bear can reach speeds of up to 50 km/h (30 mph). Venice was threatened with the interdict on a number of occasions and twice suffered its imposition. They walk with their weight on the soles of their hindfeet, with the heel touching the ground, while the toes of the forefeet are used more for balance. This apparent lack of zeal contributed to its frequently coming into conflict with the Papacy. While most carnivores tend to walk on their toes in a way that is adapted for speed, bears have a plantigrade stance.

Though the people of Venice generally remained orthodox Roman Catholics, the state of Venice was notable for its freedom from religious fanaticism and it enacted not a single execution for religious heresy during the Counter-Reformation. These claws can be used to climb trees, rip open termite nests and beehives, dig up roots, or catch prey, depending on the species. In practice, a number of Doges were forced by pressure from their oligarchical peers to resign the office and retire into monastic seclusion when they were felt to have been discredited by perceived political failure. Each paw has five long, sharp claws that are unretractible, unlike cats. The chief executive was the Doge (duke), who, theoretically, held his elective office for life. Bears have four limbs that end in paws. War was regarded as a continuation of commerce by other means (hence, the city's early production of large numbers of mercenaries for service elsewhere). Bears' molar teeth are broad, flat and are used to shred and grind plant food into small digestable pieces.

Venice remained a republic throughout its independent period and politics and the military were kept completely separate. Normal canine teeth in a carnivore are generally large and pointed used for killing prey, while bears' canine teeth are relatively small and typically used in defense or as tools. The Cavalieri di San Marco was the only order of chivalry ever instituted in Venice, and no citizen could accept or join a foreign order without the government’s consent. Bear teeth are not specialized for killing their prey like those of cats. Church and various private properties were tied to military service, though there was no knight tenure within the city itself. Depending on the species, bears can have 32 to 42 teeth. The Venetian governmental structure was a mix of Byzantine and Islamic systems, but the social order was entirely feudal. Black bears, and likely other bears, have color vision to help them identify fruits and nuts.

Only Venetian ships could efficiently transport the men, supplies, and (especially) war horses. A bear's eyesight is probably similar in acuity (sharpness) to the human eye. Mark, symbol of Venice. Their claws are used for ripping, digging, and catching. Considerable plunder was brought back to Venice, including the Winged Lion of St. Their teeth are used for defense and tools and depend on the diet of the bear. Though the Greeks recovered control of the ravaged city and Empire a half century later, the Byzantine Empire was effectively powerless, and existed as a ghost of it's old self until Mohammad the Conqueror took the city in 1453. They have broad paws, long snouts, and round ears.

Unfortunately, this seizure of Constantinople would ultimately prove to be as much a factor ending the Byzantine Empire as the loss of the Anatolian themes after Manzikert. They are capable of standing up on their hind legs. Venice became an imperial power following the Fourth Crusade, which (with Venetian aid) seized Constantinople in 1204 and established the Latin Empire; Venice herself carved out a sphere of influence known as the Duchy of the Archipelago. Bears have a large body with powerful limbs. By the standards of the time, Venice's stewardship of its mainland territories was relatively enlightened and the citizens of such towns as Bergamo, Brescia, and Verona rallied to the defence of Venetian sovereignty when it was threatened by invaders. Common characteristics of bears include a short tail, excellent senses of smell and hearing, five un-retractable claws, and long, dense, shaggy fur. In building its maritime commercial empire, the Republic acquired control of most of the islands in the Aegean, including Cyprus and Crete, and became a major power-broker in the Near East. .

Later mainland possessions, which extended across Lake Garda as far west as the Adda River, were known as "Terraferma", and were acquired partly as a buffer against belligerent neighbors, partly to guarantee Alpine trade routes, and partly to ensure the supply of mainland wheat, on which the city depended. The adjective, ursine, is used to describe things of bearlike nature. The Doge already carried the titles of Duke of Dalmatia and Duke of Istria. A bear is a large mammal of the order Carnivora, family Ursidae. The Republic of Venice seized the eastern shores of the Adriatic before 1200, mostly for commercial reasons, because pirates based there were a menace to trade. The Bear by William Faulkner. In the 12th century the essentials for the power of Venice were laid: the Venetian Arsenal was under construction in 1104; Venice wrested control of the Brenner pass from Verona in 1178, opening a lifeline to silver from Germany; the last autocratic doge, Vitale Michiele, died in 1172. Bears of the World, Terry Domico, Photographs by Terry Domico and Mark Newman, Facts on File, Inc, 1988, hardcover, ISBN 0816015368.

Its strategic position at head of the Adriatic made Venetian naval and commercial power almost invulnerable; and the city gave her name to the surrounding region, Venetia. The harder you try, the better the bear you are!. Venice was a city state (an Italian thalassocracy or Repubblica Marinara, the other three being Genoa, Pisa, and Amalfi). To try like a bear means to try your hardest to catch the attention of a certain lady. As the community continued to develop and as Byzantine power waned, an increasingly anti-Eastern character emerged, leading to the growth of autonomy and eventual independence under the rulership of elected doges. Stephen Colbert frequently attacks bears as "godless killing machines" mobilized against humanity on The Colbert Report. In the mid-8th century, the Venetians resisted the empire-building efforts of Pepin III and remained subject to the Byzantine Empire, at least theoretically. Microsoft Bear is an unofficial mascot hidden in Windows 3.1 and Windows 95.

The city was founded as a result of the influx of refugees into the marshes of the Po estuary following the invasion of northern Italy by the Lombards in 568. In homosexual slang, the term "Bear" refers to male individuals who possess physical attributes much like a bear, such as a heavy build, abundant body hair, and commonly facial hair. . In CB slang, "bear" (or "smokey", in reference to Smokey Bear) is a nickname for highway patrol. The Venetian Republic was a major sea power and a staging area for the Crusades, as well as a very important centre of commerce (especially the spice trade) and art in the Renaissance. The bear is a common national symbol for Russia (and the Soviet Union), as used in the Ronald Reagan political ad "Bear in the woods.". [1]. The constellations Ursa Major and Ursa Minor represent bears.

The population estimate of 272,000 inhabitants includes the population of the whole Comune of Venezia; the historic city of Venice (Centro storico) inhabitants are nearly 62,000, while approximately 176,000 people live in Terraferma (literal dry land, it means the extra-lagoon areas) and 31,000 live in other islands of the lagoon. for sports teams; and a bear cub was mascot of the 1980 Summer Olympics. The saltwater lagoon stretches along the shoreline between the mouths of the Po (south) and the Piave (north) Rivers. The bear, the bruin, or specific types of bears are popular nicknames or mascots, e.g. The city stretches across numerous small islands in the marshy Venetian Lagoon along the Adriatic Sea in northeast Italy. Indeed the farming of bears in China has led to a huge increase in consumption of bear bile since the 1980's with many people prepared to pay very high prices for the 'superior' bile of a wild bear. The city is included, with Padua (Padova), in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area, population 1,600,000. There is no evidence to suggest that farming bears has reduced pressures on wild bear populations.

Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venexia), the "city of canals", is the capital of the region of Veneto and of the province of Venice, 45°26′N 12°19′E, population 271,663 (census estimate January 1, 2004). They are kept in appalling conditions and usually have bile drained from their gall bladders using catheters inserted into their abdomen or with hypodermic needles. "Venezuela" means "little Venice". Thousands of bears are farmed for their bile in China, Vietnam and Korea. arsenal, ciao, ghetto, gondola, lagoon, lido, Montenegro. This has had a major impact on populations of bears around the world. Veronica Franco (1546-1591), poet and courtesan during the Renaissance. The peoples of China, Japan and Korea use bears' body parts and secretions (notably their gall bladders and bile) as part of traditional Chinese medicine.

Titian (1477–1576), painter. Many cultures regard bears as possessing healing powers. Venice and its lagoon are listed as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. Its opposite is a bull market, and bullish sentiment from bulls. Venice is also famous world-wide for its unique carnival (1). Pessimistic forecasting or negative activity is said to be bearish (due to the stereotypical posture of bears looking downwards), and one who expresses bearish sentiment is a bear. Mark the Evangelist. In the stock market, a bear market is a period of declining prices.

The city's patron is St. That bear became the prototype for the Teddy bear, which is a stuffed animal toy. Casanova (2005 film loosely based on the life of Giacomo Casanova). president Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt refused to shoot in Mississippi. The Italian Job (in its 2003 remake incarnation). Some bears have been famous in their own right, like the bear that U.S. Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989 film). Subspecies Borneo Sun Bear (Helarctos (Ursus) malayanus euryspilus).

Nicolas Roeg's 1973 film Don't Look Now, based on a story by Daphne du Maurier. Sun Bear, Helarctos malayanus