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Sylt

The German island of Sylt is located in the North Sea off the coast of Germany and Denmark. A high altitude view of Sylt.

Sylt (Danish: Sild, Frisian: Söl) is an island in northern Germany, part of Nordfriesland, Schleswig-Holstein. It belongs to the North Frisian Islands. The island was once part of the mainland, and is still shrinking due to erosion from the North Sea.


Local details

Sylt has 99 km2. From North to South it is 35 km, from West to East it is 13 km. The highest point is 52 meter. The island has 21,000 inhabitants.

Culture

Frisia-style houses

Masked run

Like in most areas of Schleswig-Holstein on New Year's Eve, groups of children go masked from house to house, reciting poems. This is called Rummelpottlaufen. Children will receive sweets and/or money.

Söl'ring

The indigenous Sylt language, Söl'ring, is a unique dialect of insular North Frisian, with elements of Danish, Dutch and English. Due to mass immigration, its usage is very low (it is only spoken by a few percent of the population) and has little chance to survive.

History

  • Sylt was originally part of Jutland (today Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein)
  • Hengist and Horsa embark from Sylt for England in the 5th century
  • First settlements of Frisians during the 8th century and 9th century
  • Sylt was divided between the Duke of Schleswig and the Kingdom of Denmark in 1386
  • Except for the town of List, Sylt becomes part of the Duchy of Schleswig in 1435
  • During the 17th century and 18th century, whaling, fishing and oyster breeding increase the wealth of the population
  • Keitum becomes capital of the island, and a place for rich captains to settle down
  • In the 19th century, tourism starts; Westerland replaces Keitum as the capital
  • During World War I, Sylt becomes a military outpost, but does not suffer from war damage
  • In 1927, a causeway to the mainland is built, named after Paul von Hindenburg, with a railway on top
  • During World War II, Sylt becomes a fortress, with concrete bunkers built below the dunes at the shore, some of which are still visible today. Lager Sylt, the concentration camp on Alderney was named after it.

Today, Sylt is mainly a tourist attraction, famous for its healthy climate, and several German celebrities who own a house on the island.

Towns

List

A view of sand dunes and beaches near List

List has a harbor (ferries to Rømø, Denmark) and is the most northern point of Germany. It has a population of about 2.500 (as of 2000). It was first mentioned in 1292 and was Danish territory until 1864. The German Luftwaffe (Airforce) used List as an airbase. List is famous for oysters.

Kampen

Kampen is known for the Red Cliff and its fine life style.

www.kampen.de

Hörnum

Hörnum is the southernmost city of Sylt.

Rantum

Wenningstedt

Wenningstedt is known for the white cliff and the Denghoog stone grave, a walk-in grave made of huge stone walls from 3000 BC.

Braderup

Braderup, located between Wenningstedt, Kampen, and Munkmarsh, has a beautiful heath (Heide) and much nature.

Westerland

A beach in Westerland

After the destruction of the town of Eidum on November 1, 1436, in a great flood (Allerheiligenflut), the survivors moved to a place north-east (Wäästerlön in Söl'ring) of the original town. The new town was first mentioned in 1462. It officially became a city in 1905. The population (as of 2000) is 9.200. The city has the island's only civil airport.

Sylt-Ost

Sylt-Ost (East Sylt) is a township, consisting of several small villages on the Nössehalbinsel on Sylt. The population (as of 2000) is 5.500. The villages include Tinnum, Munkmarsch, Archsum, Morsum and Keitum.

Tinnum

Tinnum castle (Tinnumburg) is a circular parapet with a diameter of 120 meter and a height of 8 meter. It was built in the 1st century BC, likely as a pagan holy site.

Keitum

Keitum has a historical church (St. Severin church), dating back to the 1200s. The green cliff is also located near Keitum.

Munkmarsch

Archsum

Morsum

Morsum has an historical church (St. Martin church), dating back to the same era as the one in Keitum. Morsum is also known for the red cliff, that shows the geological history of the last five million years on its height of 21 meters. It is under landscape conservation since 1923.

Transport

Sylt can be reached by an artificial dam (trains only), by ferry and by Sylt Airport.

See also:

  • Heinz Reinefarth

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Sylt can be reached by an artificial dam (trains only), by ferry and by Sylt Airport. The Ganesha Mantram is sung melodiously several times during a traumatic event. It is under landscape conservation since 1923. The movie Garden State begins with an invocation to Ganesha. Morsum is also known for the red cliff, that shows the geological history of the last five million years on its height of 21 meters. In Monkeybone, Jumbo the Elephant God is somewhat based on Ganesha. Martin church), dating back to the same era as the one in Keitum. Related: Janus, Elephant God.

Morsum has an historical church (St. Another much-loved murti is that of Bala Gajanana or Bala Ganesha (literally, little Ganesha or baby Ganesha), in which a very young Ganesha with a small trunk and large eyes is portrayed in the arms of his Divine Parents, or while he is sweetly embracing the Lingam, the symbol of Shiva. The green cliff is also located near Keitum. Some of Ganesha's other names are:. Severin church), dating back to the 1200s. Needless to say, almost all Hindu gods have one or two accepted versions of their own sahasranaam liturgy. Keitum has a historical church (St. Each is different and conveys a different meaning, representing a different aspect of the god in question.

It was built in the 1st century BC, likely as a pagan holy site. Like other Hindu Murti (or gods and goddesses), Ganesh has many other titles of respect or symbolic names, and is often worshipped through the chanting of sahasranamam (pronounced saa-HUS-ruh-naamam), or a thousand names. Tinnum castle (Tinnumburg) is a circular parapet with a diameter of 120 meter and a height of 8 meter. Ganesha, in astrology, is believed to help people know what can be achieved and what cannot be. The villages include Tinnum, Munkmarsch, Archsum, Morsum and Keitum. It is believed that he blesses those who meditate upon him. The population (as of 2000) is 5.500. Ganesha is worshipped as Vinayak (knowledgeable) and Vighneshwer (remover of obstacles).

Sylt-Ost (East Sylt) is a township, consisting of several small villages on the Nössehalbinsel on Sylt. Whether it is diwali puja, a new house, a new vehicle, students praying before the exams, or people praying before job interviews, it is Ganesha they pray to, because it is believed that he will come to their aid and grant them success in their endeavor. The city has the island's only civil airport. This is why Ganesh is believed to be the harbinger of good fortune, and why he is invoked first at any ritual or cermony. The population (as of 2000) is 9.200. It is widely believed that "Wherever there is Ganesh, there is Success and Prosperity" and "Wherever there is Success and Prosperity there is Ganesh". It officially became a city in 1905. Ganesha has two Siddhis (symbolically represented as wives or consorts): Siddhi (success) and Riddhi (prosperity).

The new town was first mentioned in 1462.
. After the destruction of the town of Eidum on November 1, 1436, in a great flood (Allerheiligenflut), the survivors moved to a place north-east (Wäästerlön in Söl'ring) of the original town. The book Ganesha, Remover of Obstacles by Manuela Dunn Mascetti is another of many resources that testify to the Hindu milk miracle. Braderup, located between Wenningstedt, Kampen, and Munkmarsh, has a beautiful heath (Heide) and much nature. [3]. Wenningstedt is known for the white cliff and the Denghoog stone grave, a walk-in grave made of huge stone walls from 3000 BC. However it still remains a mystery of why such capillary action has not repeated itself.

Hörnum is the southernmost city of Sylt. Some scientific experiments conducted in that time frame suggested capillary action as an explanation for this phenomenon. www.kampen.de. This was seen as a miracle by many although skeptics contend that this was another example of collective hysteria. Kampen is known for the Red Cliff and its fine life style. The phenomena spread from New Delhi to New York, Canada, Mauritius, Kenya, Australia, Bangladesh, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Hong Kong, Trinidad, Grenada and Italy among other reported places. List is famous for oysters. On September 21 1995, according to Hinduism Today magazine (www.hinduismtoday.com), Ganesh statues in India began spontaneously drinking milk when a spoonful was placed near the mouth of statues honoring the elephant god.

The German Luftwaffe (Airforce) used List as an airbase. Recently, there has been a resurgence of Ganesha worship and an increased interest in the "Western world" due to a spate of alleged miracles in September 1995. It was first mentioned in 1292 and was Danish territory until 1864. The worship of Ganesha in Japan has been traced back to 806. It has a population of about 2.500 (as of 2000). For this reason, the immersion of the murtis of Ganesh in nearby holy rivers is undertaken since the murtis are acknowledged to be only temporal understandings of a higher being as opposed to being 'idols,' which have traditionally been seen as objects worshipped for their own sake as divine. List has a harbor (ferries to Rømø, Denmark) and is the most northern point of Germany. Thus, to refer to the murtis as idols betrays Western Judeo-Christian understandings of insubstantial object worship whereas in India, Hindu deities are seen to be accessed through points of symbolic focus known as murtis.

Today, Sylt is mainly a tourist attraction, famous for its healthy climate, and several German celebrities who own a house on the island. Ganesh is seen not as a physical entity but a higher spiritual being, and murtis, or statue-representations, act as signifiers of him as an ideal. Due to mass immigration, its usage is very low (it is only spoken by a few percent of the population) and has little chance to survive. In India, the statues are impressions of symbolic significance and thus have never been claimed to be exact replications of a living figure. The indigenous Sylt language, Söl'ring, is a unique dialect of insular North Frisian, with elements of Danish, Dutch and English. Representations of Shri Ganesh are based on thousands of years of religious symbolism that resulted in the figure of an elephant-head god. Children will receive sweets and/or money. For more details regarding Lalbaugcha Raja please log on the official site http://www.lalbaugcharaja.com/.

This is called Rummelpottlaufen. Day by day the number of devotees for Lalbaugcha Raja has been increasing infinitely. Like in most areas of Schleswig-Holstein on New Year's Eve, groups of children go masked from house to house, reciting poems. All devotees from every corner of the globe gather at Lalbaug for the festival. The island has 21,000 inhabitants. It is widely believed that every wish one expresses to Lord Ganesha must come true. The highest point is 52 meter. The Ganesha festival starts on Ganesh Chaturthi (fourth day of Hindu calendar month Bhadrapada) and ends on Anant Chaturdashi (fourteenth day of Bhadrapada).

From North to South it is 35 km, from West to East it is 13 km. Particularly at Lalbaug where the divine idol of Lalbaugcha raja (The Lord Of Lalbaug, as Ganesha is fondly called) is set. Sylt has 99 km2. One who really wants to taste the festival needs to come down to the city of Mumbai. . In various North and East Indian cities, like Kolkata, they are immersed in the holy Ganga river.
. In Mumbai (earlier known as Bombay), the murti is immersed in the Arabian Sea and in Pune the Mula-Mutha river.

The island was once part of the mainland, and is still shrinking due to erosion from the North Sea. This festival is celebrated and it culminates on the day of Ananta Chaturdashi when the murti of Lord Ganesha is immersed into the most convenient body of water. It belongs to the North Frisian Islands. This was introduced by Balgangadhar Tilak as a means of promoting nationalist sentiment when India was ruled by the British. Sylt (Danish: Sild, Frisian: Söl) is an island in northern Germany, part of Nordfriesland, Schleswig-Holstein. It is celebrated for ten days starting from Ganesh Chaturthi. Heinz Reinefarth. While it is most popular in the state of Maharashtra, it is performed all over India.

Lager Sylt, the concentration camp on Alderney was named after it. In India, there is an important festival honouring Lord Ganesha. During World War II, Sylt becomes a fortress, with concrete bunkers built below the dunes at the shore, some of which are still visible today. That's how he remained a brahmachari, a life-long celibate, following the strict rules of Brahmacharya. In 1927, a causeway to the mainland is built, named after Paul von Hindenburg, with a railway on top. He decided not to marry. During World War I, Sylt becomes a military outpost, but does not suffer from war damage. Ganesha realised that all women were veritable manifestations of his Mother.

In the 19th century, tourism starts; Westerland replaces Keitum as the capital. When he wounded the cat she was hurt. Keitum becomes capital of the island, and a place for rich captains to settle down. Parvati explained that She as Divine Power was immanent in all beings. During the 17th century and 18th century, whaling, fishing and oyster breeding increase the wealth of the population. Mother Parvati replied that this was caused by none other than Ganesha himself! Surprised Ganesha wanted to know when did he hurt her. Except for the town of List, Sylt becomes part of the Duchy of Schleswig in 1435. He enquired how she got hurt.

Sylt was divided between the Duke of Schleswig and the Kingdom of Denmark in 1386. When he returned home he found a wound in his Mother's body. First settlements of Frisians during the 8th century and 9th century. While playing, once, Ganesha wounded a cat. Hengist and Horsa embark from Sylt for England in the 5th century. When asked why he did so, he answered that to him, his parents meant the three worlds and was given the fruit of knowledge. Sylt was originally part of Jutland (today Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein). Karthikeya went off on a journey to cover the three worlds while Ganesha simply circumambulated his parents.

Once there was a competition between Ganesha and his brother Karthikeya as to who could circumambulate the three worlds faster and hence win the fruit of knowledge. With that, Ganesha was finally satisfied and calmed. Ganesha had swallowed up almost the entire city when Kubera finally arrived and humbly gave him the rice. The Lord then gave him a handful of roasted rice, saying that only that would satiate Ganesha.

Desperate, Kubera rushed to mount Kailasa to ask Shiva to remedy the situation. If you don't give me something else to eat, I will eat you as well!", he said to Kubera. "I am hungry. Terrified, Kubera prostrated himself in front of the little omnivorous one and supplicated him to spare him, at least, the rest of the palace.

Having devoured everything which had been prepared, Ganesha began eating the decorations, the tableware, the furniture, the chandelier... There was not even time to substitute one plate with another because Ganesha had already devoured everything, and with gests of impatience, continued waiting for more food. His appetite did not decrease even after he had devoured the servings which were destined for the other guests. While the servants of Kubera were working themselves to the bone in order to bring the portions, the little Ganesha just continued to eat and eat and eat...

After these initial rites, the great banquet began. There, he offered him a ceremonial bath and dressed him in sumptuous clothing. He took the little son of Shiva with him into his great city. But I warn you that he is a voracious eater." Unperturbed, Kubera felt confident that he could satisfy even the most insatiable appetite, like that of Ganesha, with his opulence.

Shiva smiled and said to him: "I cannot come, but you can invite my son Ganesha. Since he was extremely vain, he invited Shiva to a feast in his fabulous city, Alakapuri, so that he could show off to him all of his wealth. One anecdote, taken from the Purana, narrates that the treasurer of Svarga (paradise) and god of wealth, Kubera, went one day to mount Kailasa in order to receive the darshan (vision) of Shiva. Ganesha is also known as the destroyer of vanity, egoism and pride.

Shiva, satisfied with this response, pronouned his son the winner and, from that moment on, he was acclaimed with the name of Ganapati (Conductor of the celestial armies) and Vinayaka (Lord of all beings). Ganesha told him of his encounter with Narada and of the Brahmin's counsel. Ganesha returned to his father, who asked him how he was able to finish the race so quickly. Narada consoled him, exhorting him not to despair, and gave him a word of counsel:.

The son of Shiva explained to him the motives for his sadness and his terrible desire to win. Nonetheless, the great Brahmin succeeded in calming his fury. Moreover, it wasn't considered a good sign to be asked where one was heading when one was already on the way to some destination; therefore, Ganesha felt doubly unfortunate. Notwithstanding the fact that Narada was the greatest of Brahmins, son of Brahma himself, this was still a bad omen.

Ganesha was very annoyed and went into a rage because it was considered unlucky to encounter a solitary Brahmin just at the beginning of a voyage. He had not yet made much headway when there appeared before him the sage Narada (son of Brahma), who asked him where he was going. The gods took off, each on his or her own vehicle, and even Ganesha participated with enthusiasm in the race; but he was extremely heavy and was riding on a mouse! Naturally, his pace was remarkably slow and this was a great disadvantage. The competitors were required to circle the world as fast as possible and return to the Feet of Shiva.

There once took place a great competition between the Devas to decide who among them should be the head of the Gana (the troops of semi-gods at the service of Shiva). This explains why, in certain moments, the light of the Moon goes off and then begins gradually to reappaer; but its face appears whole only for a brief period of time, since it is once again "broken" in half to the point of disappearing. Ganesha softened his curse such that the moon would wax and wane in intensity every fifteen days and anyone who looks at the moon during Ganesh Chaturthi would incur bad-luck. Ganesha relented and since a curse cannot be revoked, only softened it.

Hearing this, Chandradev realised his folly and asked for forgiveness from Ganesha. He then cursed it, decreeing that anyone who happens to see the moon will incur bad luck. Ganesha, being the short-tempered one, cursed Chandradev for his arrogance and breaking off one of his tusks, hurled it against the Moon, slashing its luminous face in two. Chandradev (Moon God) saw the whole scene and laughed.

Satisfied by this solution, he remounted his mouse and continued his excursion. He took the serpent which had caused the accident and used it as a belt to keep his stomach closed and bandage the injury. Nonetheless, he was too intelligent to get angry about this accident and, without wasting any time in useless lamentations, he tried to remedy the situation as best he could. Ganesha's huge stomach smashed against the ground so forefully that it burst open and all of the sweets that he had eaten were scattered around him.

Suddenly a snake appeared out of nowhere and nearly frightened the mouse to death, causing it to jump and Ganesha was thrown off his mount. It was a magnificent night and the moon was resplendent. He got on the mouse which he used as his vehicle and took off. It is said that one day Ganesha, after having received from many of his devotees an enormous amount of sweets (Modak), in order to better digest this incredible mass of food, decided to go for a ride.

Parashurama hurled himself at Ganesha with his axe and Ganesha (knowing that this axe was given to him by Shiva) allowed himself to be struck and lost his tusk as a result. One day Parashurama, an avatar of Vishnu, went to pay a visit to Shiva, but along the way he was blocked by Ganesha. He broke off a tusk and used it as a pen so that the transcription could proceed without interruption, permitting him to keep his word.[2]. The dictation began, but in the rush of writing Ganesha's pen broke.

In this way, Vyasa might recuperate a bit from his continuous talking by simply reciting a difficult verse which Ganesha could not understand. The sage, in his turn, posed the condition that Ganesha would not only have to write, but would have to understand everything that he heard before writing it down. Ganesha agreed, but only on the condition that Vyasa recite the poem uninterruptedly, without pausing. In the first part of the epic poem Mahabharata, it is written that the sage Vyasa asked Ganesha to transcribe the poem as he dictated it to him.

There are various anecdotes which explain how Ganesha broke off one of his tusks. The river goddess Ganga claimed him as her son, but Shiva declared him to be Parvati's son, reduced his five heads to one and enthroned him as the Controller of obstacles (Vigneshwara). Still another tale states that on one occasion, the used bath-water of Parvati was thrown into the Ganges and this water was drunk by the elephant-headed Goddess Malini, who gave birth to a baby with four arms and five elephant heads. When this happened, the head of Indra's elephant was used to replace it.

Kashyap cursed Shiva and declared that Shiva's son would lose his head. Shiva however restored life to the dead boy, but this could not pacify the outraged sage Kashyapa, who was one of the seven great Rishis. Another tale of Ganesha's birth relates to an incident in which Shiva slew Aditya, the son of a sage. The infant was named Ganesha and all the Gods blessed Ganesha and wished Him power and prosperity.

The head of the elephant was joined with the headless body of Parvati's son, thus reviving him. Seeing Shiva and Parvati grief stricken, Vishnu mounted on Garuda, his divine eagle, and rushed to the banks of the Pushpa-Bhadra river, from where he brought back the head of a young elephant. However Parvati insisted that he look at the baby, which Shani did, and immediately the infant's head fell off and flew to Goloka. However Shani, the son of Surya, hesitated to look at the baby since Shani's gaze is said to be harmful.

This event was celebrated with great enthusiasm and all the gods were invited to take a look at the baby. Accordingly, Krishna was born to Parvati as a charming infant. Lord Krishna, after the completion of the sacrifice, announced that he would incarnate himself as her son in every kalpa (eon). On the insistence of Shiva, Parvati fasted for a year (punyaka vrata) to propitiate Vishnu so that he would grant her a son.

A less well-known story from the Brahma Vaivarta Purana narrates a different version of Ganesha's birth. This is the result of the gift of Shiva to Gajasura. From then on, in India, the tradition is that any action, in order to prosper, must begin with the adoration of Ganesha. The musical Vishnua responded: "Can you give me that which I ask?" Gajasura replied: "Who do you take me for? I can immediately give you whatever you ask." The flautist then said: "If that's so, liberate Shiva from your stomach." Gajasura understood then that this must have been no other than Vishnu himself, the only one who could have known that secret and he threw himself at his feet and, having liberated Shiva, he asked him for one last gift: "I have been blessed by you with many gifts; my last request is that everyone remember me adoring my head when I am dead." Shiva then brought his own son there and substitued his head with that of Gajasura.

The enchanting performance of the bull sent the demon into ecstasies and he asked the flautist to tell him what he desired. He trasformed Nandi (the bull of Shiva) into a dancing bull and conducted him in front of Gajasura, assuming, at the same time, the apperance of a flautist. Then Vishnu, the omniscient director of the cosmic game, staged a small comedy. I will find out what has happened.".

He, who knows everything, reassured her: "Don't worry, dear sister, your husband is Bhola Shankara and promptly grants to his devotees whatever they ask of him, without regard for the consequences; for this reason, I think he has gotten himself into some trouble. As a last recourse, she went to her brother Vishnu, asking him to find her husband. It was for this reason that Parvati, his wife, sought him everywhere without results. In fact, Shiva is also known as Bhola Shankara because he is a deity easily propitiated; when he is satisfied with a devotee he grants him whatever he desires, and this, from time to time, generates particularly intricate situations.

Shiva granted even this request and he took up residence in the demon's stomach. The demon responded: "I desire that You inhabit my stomach.". Gajasura continued his penitence and Shiva, who appeared in front of him from time to time, asked him once again what he desired. The Lord granted him his request.

The demon wished that he could emanate fire continually from his own body so that no one could ever dare to approach him. Shiva, satisfied by this austerity, decided to grant him, as a reward, whatever gift he desired. Another story regarding the origins of Ganesha and his elephant head narrates that, once, there existed an Asura (demon) with all the characteristics of an elephant, called Gajasura, who was undergoing a penitence (or tapas). From then on, he was called Ganapathi, or head of the celestial armies and was to be worshipped by everyone before beginning any activity.

They found an elephant which slept in this manner and decapitated it, attaching the elephant's head to Ganesha's body and bringing him back to life. Shiva then sent his celestial armies (Gana) to find and and take the head of whatever creature they happened to find asleep with its head facing north. As a last resort, Shiva approached Brahma who suggested that he replace Ganesha's head with the first living being that came his way which lay with its head facing north, which happened to be an elephant. All attempts to find the head were in vain.

But, unfortunately, Shiva's Trishul was so powerful that it had hurled Ganesha's head very far off. She demanded that Shiva restore Ganesha's life at once. When Parvati came out and saw her son's lifeless body she was very angry and sad. At last he severed Ganesha's head with his Trishul (trident).

Shiva lost his patience and had a fierce battle with Ganesha. But Ganesha would not hear any other person's word other than his dear mother's. He told Ganesha that he was Parvati's husband and he demanded Ganesha to let him go in. Shiva was infuriated at this strange little boy who dared to challenge him.

After a while Shiva returned from outside and as he tried to enter the house, Ganesha stopped him. Parvati ordered Ganesha not to allow anyone to enter the house and Ganesha obediently followed his mother's orders. Hence she created a boy's idol out of turmeric paste which she prepared to cleanse her body (Turmeric was used for its anti-septic and cooling properties) and infused life into it, and thus Ganesha was born. Once, while his mother Parvati wanted to bathe, there were no attendants around to guard her and stop anyone from accidentally entering the house.

The most well-known story is probably the one taken from the Shiva Purana. And many of the these same stories reveal the origins of the enormous popularity of his cult. The highly articulated mythology of Hinduism presents many stories which explain the manner in which Ganesha obtained his elephant head; often the origin of this particular attribute is to be found in the same anecdotes which tell about his birth. In other depictions, his consorts are Sarasvati (goddess of culture and art) and Lakshmi (goddess of luck and prosperity), symbolizing that these qualities always accompany he who has discovered his own internal divinity.

In the north of India, on the other hand, Ganesha is often portrayed as married to the two daughters of Brahma: Buddhi (intellect) and Siddhi (spiritual power). It is said that Ganesha, believing his mother to be the most beautiful and perfect woman in the universe, exclaimed: "Bring me a woman as beautiful as she and I will marry her.". This devotion is the reason that the traditions of southern India represent him as celibate (see the anecdote Devotion to his mother). Consequently, the relationship of Ganesha and his mother is unique and special.

So Ganesha was born out of the exclusively female desire of Parvati to procreate. Shiva, in fact, being eternal (Sadashiva), did not feel any need to have children. It is interesting to note how, according to tradition, Ganesha was generated by his mother Parvati without the intervention of her husband Shiva. This represents the mind which has been completely subordinated to the superior faculty of the intellect, the mind under strict supervision, which fixes Ganesha and does not approach the food unless it has permission.

Moreover, the mouse (extremely voracious by nature) is often depicted next to a plate of sweets with his eyes turned toward Ganesha while he tightly holds on to a morsel of food between his paws, as if expecting an order from Ganesha. Ganesha, riding atop the mouse, becomes the master (and not the slave) of these tendencies, indicating the power that the intellect and the discriminative faculties have over the mind. Yet another interpretation says that the mouse (Mushika or Akhu) represents the ego, the mind with all of its desires, and the pride of the individual. However, it was once traditional in Maharashtrian art to depict Mooshak as a very large mouse, and for Ganesha to be mounted on him like a horse.

The Mooshak is usually depicted as very small in relation to Ganesha, in contrast to the depictions of vehicles of other deities. Both Ganesha and the Mooshak love modaka, which is traditionally offered to them both during worship ceremonies. As the vehicle of Lord Ganesha, a mouse teaches us to remain always on alert and illuminate our inner-self with the light of knowledge. Thus it is also a symbol of ignorance that is dominant in darkness and fears light and knowledge.

A mouse leads a clandestine life below the ground. It symbolizes minute investigation of a cryptic subject.
According to one interpretation, Ganesha's divine vehicle, the mouse or mooshikam represents wisdom, talent and intelligence. There are various anecdotes which explain the origins of this particular attribute (see section How did Ganesha's tusk break off?).

However, there are many other meanings that have been associated with this symbol. The broken tusk of Ganesha, as described above, stands primarily for his ability to overcome or "break through" the illusions of duality. Moreover, in the Tamil language, the sacred syllable is indicated precisely by a character which recalls the shape of the elephant's head of Ganesha. For this reason, Ganesha is considered the bodily incarnation of the entire Cosmos, He who is at the base of all of the phenomenal world (Vishvadhara, Jagadoddhara).

In fact, the shape of his body is a copy of the outline of the Sanskrit letter which indicates the celebrated Bija Mantra. Ganesha is also defined as Omkara or Aumkara, that is "having the form of Om (or Aum) (see the section The names of Ganesha). Every element of the body of Ganesha has its own value and its own significance:. Moreover, Ganesha is associated with the first chakra (wheel), which represents the instinct of conservation and survival, of procreation and material well-being.

Throughout India and the Hindu culture, Lord Ganesha is the first idol placed into any new home or abode. It is also for this reason that, traditionally, all sessions of bhajan (devotional chanting) begin with an invocation of Ganesha, Lord of the "good beginnings" of chants. traveling, taking an examination, conducting a business affair, a job interview, performing a ceremony,) with such incantations as Aum Shri Ganeshaya Namah (hail the name of Ganesha), or similar. It is for this reason that his grace is invoked before the undertaking of any task (e.g.

In general terms, Ganesha is a much beloved and frequently invoked divinity, since he is the Lord of Good Fortune who provides prosperity and fortune and also the Destroyer of Obstacles of a material or spiritual order. All of them individually and collectively have deep symbolic significance. Four animals, man, elephant, the serpent and the mouse have contributed to the makeup of his figure. The image of Ganesha is a composite one.

Some figures may be seen with six, some with eight, some with ten, some with twelve and some with fourteen hands, each hand carrying a symbol which differs from the symbols in other hands, there being about fifty-seven symbols in all, according to some scholars. Hence, Ganesha figures are most commonly seen with four hands which signify their divinity. According to the strict rules of Hindu iconography, Ganesha figures with only two hands are taboo. In the Vedas one can also find one of the most important and commonly chanted prayers to Ganesha, in the part which constitutes the beginning of the Ganapati Prarthana:.

[1] This Vedic Hymn also contains one of the most famous mantras associated with this divinity: Om Gam Ganapataye Namah (literally, I surrender myself to You, Lord of the hosts).. A description of all of the characteristics and attributes of Ganesha can be found in the Ganapati Upanishad (an Upanishad dedicated to Ganesha) of the rishi Atharva, in which Ganesha is identified with Brahman and Atman. He also symbolizes the discriminative capacities which provide the ability to perceive distinctions between truth and illusion, the real and the unreal. He represents the perfect equilibrium between male and female energies (Shiva and Shakti), between force and kindness and between power and beauty.

Ganesha, in fact, is the symbol of he who has discovered the Divinity within himself. As is the case with every other external form with which Hinduism represents god, in the sense of the personal appearance of Brahman (also referred to as Ishvara, the Lord), the figure of Ganesha too is an archetype loaded with multiple meanings and symbolism which expresses a state of perfection as well as the the means of obtaining it. . His devotees are called Ganapatya.

The cult of Ganesha is widely diffused, even outside of India. Typically, his name is prefixed with the Hindu title of respect, 'Shree'. He is frequently represented sitting down, with one leg raised in the air and bent over the other. He is depicted as a big-bellied yellow or red god with four arms and the head of a one-tusked elephant, riding on, or attended to by, a mouse.

Ganesha is thus considered the master of intellect and wisdom. 'Ga' symbolizes Buddhi (intellect) and 'Na' symbolizes Vijnana (wisdom). Vinayagar (in Tamil) and Vinayakudu in Telugu. He is also called Vinayaka in Marathi, Malayalam and Kannada.

He is the first born son of Shiva and Parvati, and the husband of Bharati, Riddhi and Siddhi. In Hinduism, Ganesha (Sanskrit: गणेश or श्रीगणेश (when used to distinguish lordly status) (or "lord of the hosts," also spelled as Ganesa and Ganesh, sometimes also referred to as Ganapati) is one of the most well-known and venerated representations of god. the god Tyr in Nordic mythology). the other Indoeuropean traditions in which a mutilation is the consequence of keeping one's word (e.g.

^ Cfr. ^  Contrary to popular opinion, early Vedic Hinduism was neither polytheist nor monotheist, but is more properly identified as a henotheist religion: the different manifestations and forms of god (among which are the Avatars and the Devas) are considered to be infinite emanations of Brahman (the impersonal and founding principle of all reality from which all worlds and beings derive) created in order to render Brahman itself accessible to man. the fourth hand holds a lotus flower (padma), and it symbolizes the highest goal of human evolution, the sweetness of the realised inner self. The third hand, turned towards the devotee, is in a pose of blessing, refuge and protection (abhaya);.

The whip conveys that worldly attachments and desires should be rid of;. The second hand holds a whip, symbol of the force that ties the devout person to the eternal beatitude of God. The axe is also to prod man to the path of righteousness and truth;. With this axe Ganesha can both strike and repel obstacles.

The hand waving an axe, is a symbol of the retrenchment of all desires, bearers of pain and suffering. Lord Ganesha represents the pure consciousness - the Atman - which enables these four attributes to function in us;

    . The four arms of Ganesha represent the four inner attributes of the subtle body, that is: mind (Manas), intellect (Buddhi), ego (Ahamkara), and conditioned conscience (Chitta). the position of his legs (one resting on the ground and one raised) indicate the importance of living and participating in the material world as well as in the spiritual world, the ability to live in the world without being of the world.

    It signifies the bounty of nature and equanimity, the ability of Ganesha to swallow the sorrows of the Universe and protect the world;. Ganesha’s pot belly contains infinite universes. on the forehead, the Trishul (weapon of Shiva, similar to Trident) is depicted, symbolising time (past, present and future) and Ganesha's mastery over it;. the curved trunk indicates the intellectual potentialities which manifest themselves in the faculty of discrimination between real and unreal;.

    The large ears indicate that when God is known, all knowledge is known;. Ears are used to gain knowledge. They signify the importance of listening in order to assimilate ideas. The wide ears denote wisdom, ability to listen to people who seek help and to reflect on spiritual truths.

    The fact that he has a single tusk (the other being broken off) indicates Ganesha’s ability to overcome all forms of dualism;. The elephant head indicates fidelity, intelligence and discriminative power;.