This page will contain videos about surfing, as they become available.

Surfing

Surfing outside Kaneohe Bay, Hawai‘i.

Surfing (Hawaiian: he‘e nalu, "wave-sliding") is a very popular recreational activity and sport in which individuals are propelled across the water by the force of waves, while standing on a flat, wide board. Most modern surfboards are made of urethane foam (with one or more wooden strips or "stringers"), fiberglass cloth, and polyester resin. An emerging surf technology is an epoxy surfboard, made from a different material. Epoxy boards are stronger and lighter than traditional fiberglass boards.

History

Originally developed by Hawaiian islanders (see Ngaru), before the 15th century, "he'e nalu" spread in the early 20th century to the mainland USA and Australia, where heavy timber "plank" boards were ridden directly towards beaches.

The sport exploded in popularity in the 1950s and 1960s, when cheaper, more maneuverable, and lighter boards made of fiberglass and foam became available and the teenaged baby boomers headed to the beach in droves to enjoy the maneuverability and stunts made possible by the new boards. The sport has spread to most places where waves of sufficient size and shape appear, including Brazil, Costa Rica, France, Ireland, México, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, and many island states including Barbados in the Caribbean and Tahiti in the Pacific. Long Island is also a very popular spot for surfing.

Equipment used in surfing includes a leash (to keep a surfer's board from washing to shore after a 'wipeout', and to prevent it from hitting other surfers), surf wax and/or traction pads (to keep a surfers feet from slipping off the deck of the board), and "skegs" (also known as fins) which can either be permanently attached ("glassed-on") or interchangeable. In warmer climates swimsuits, surf trunks or boardshorts are worn; in cold water surfers can opt to wear wetsuits, booties, hoods, and gloves to protect them against lower water temperatures.

Surfing's appeal probably derives from an unusual confluence of elements: adrenaline, skill, and high paced maneuvering are set against a naturally unpredictable backdrop—an organic environment that is, by turns, graceful and serene, violent and formidable. Surfers' skills are tested not only in their ability to control their board in challenging conditions, but by their ability to execute various maneuvers such as the 'cutback' (turning back toward the breaking part of the wave), the 'floater' (riding on the top of the breaking curl of the wave), 'off the lip' (banking off the top of the wave), the 'aerial' (arcing through the air above the wave) and, if the surf conditions allow it, tuberiding. This is the holy grail of surfing, where the surfer maneuvers into a position where the wave curls over the top of them, forming a "tube" (or "barrel"), with the rider inside the cylindrical portion of the wave. However, such situations do not exist if the waves 'dump' or 'close-out', meaning that they break in large parts at a time.

The drama of surfing obscures the sport's mundane aspects. Most people only see the pros riding and miss (when televised) or ignore the time-consuming paddling out and waiting required to get a surfer into position.

Competitive surfing is a comparison sport. Riders, competing in pairs or small groups, are allocated a certain amount of time to ride waves and display their prowess and mastery of the craft. Competitors are then judged according to how competently the wave is ridden, including the level of difficulty, as well as frequency, of maneuvers. There is a professional surfing world championship series held annually at surf beaches around the world.

Although competitive surfing has become an extremely popular and lucrative activity, both for its participants and its sponsors, the sport does not have its origins as a competitive pursuit. It is common to hear debate rage between purists of the sport, who still maintain the ideal of 'soul surfing', and surfers who engage in the competitive and, consequently, commercial side of the activity.

A non-competitive adventure activity involving riding the biggest waves possible (known as "rhino hunting") is also popular with some surfers. A practice popularised in the 1990s has seen big wave surfing revolutionised, as surfers use jetskis to tow them out to a position where they can catch previously unrideable waves (See also: tow-in surfing). These waves were previously unrideable due to the speed at which they travel. Some waves reach speeds of over 60 km/h; jetskis enable surfers to reach the speed of the wave thereby making them rideable. Jetskis not only allow surfers to ride these waves but allow them to survive 'wipeouts'. In many instances surfers would not survive the battering of the 'sets' (groups of waves together) without drowning. This spectacular activity is extremely popular with television crews, but because such waves rarely occur in heavily populated regions, and usually only a very long way out to sea on outer reefs, few spectators see such events directly.

A surfer on the North Shore, Hawaii catches a wave.

Understanding waves

Surfing conditions at a particular location or "break" that is known for surfing (see below) are almost never ideal. Wind blown consistently over a large area of fetch, or open water, generates waves. These waves use a drafting effect similar to race cars and cyclists to travel vast distances efficiently. To learn more about surf meteorology, see StormSurf's Tutorials. As waves near their ultimate destination (land), the bottom of the wave begins to run aground as the water becomes more shallow.

There are two primary factors that contribute to the general characteristics of waves at a particular break: (1) the "swell window" or the exposure of the location to wave-generating areas of fetch, and (2) the structure of the ocean floor (composition, shape).

The swell window determines the potential of a break to receive waves. In general, the western coast of any continent usually has better breaks since winds (and, therefore, waves) tend to travel from west to east. Coastlines that face east or south (in the Northern Hemisphere) or north (in the Southern Hemisphere) that are exposed to tropical storms and hurricanes can also be surfable on a consistent basis. When waves break along a section of coastline at an angle almost perpendicular to the land, these special locations, known as point breaks, can produce very long-lasting waves that can be surfed for several hundred meters. The two main types of waves for surfing apart from the pointbreak are the reef break (waves breaking over a coral reef or rockbed) and the beach break (waves breaking onto sand bars).

The structure of the ocean floor is the biggest factor that determines the broad characteristics of waves at a particular break. For instance, there are beach breaks (soft sand bottom) that generate slower, mushy waves and reef breaks (coral reef or rock bottom) that tend to generate faster, more powerful waves. Based on the structure of the ocean floor, a location may break better on a particular tide, say, an incoming high tide or a low-low tide.

Local wind conditions, water temperature, solar radiation, the crowd factor, hazardous aquatic life, water pollution, and aggression of local surfers are other factors that can have impact on the experience one might have surfing at a particular break.

The availability of free model data from the NOAA has allowed the creation of several Surf forecasting websites. These automatically combine the above variables into a presentation of how good the surf will be.

Popular surfing areas

Surfing on a river in Munich

Surfing is a global sport; one can find a surfer in almost every coastal nation in the world.

  • France, particularly the Atlantic coast south of the Gironde
  • Australia
    • Newcastle, where Surfest is held annually.
    • Gold Coast, Snapper Rocks and Burleigh Heads where many surf comps are held anually
    • Ocean beaches of Sydney, in particular Bondi Beach, North Narabeen and Dee Why
    • Victorian beaches Jan Juc and Bells Beach where the annual Rip Curl Pro is held every year.
    • Western Australia beaches Margaret River
  • The Atlantic coast of France (eg. Biarritz)
  • Brazil
  • Peru
    • Cabo Blanco
    • Pico Alto (home to the Mavericks of South America)
    • Cerro Azul
    • San Gallan
    • Chicama (home of the longest left in the world)
  • Mexico
    • Baja States of Baja California Norte and Baja California Sur; Several great breaks, the island of Todos Santos being the most famous.
    • Mainland – States of Sinaloa, Jalisco, Colima (home to Boca de Pascuales and its massive beachbreak), Michoacán (where rural surf towns abound), Guerrero, Oaxaca (where Puerto Escondido, the "Mexican Pipeline", is located), and Chiapas.
    • Gulf Coast
  • Indonesia
  • Ireland
    • The Maharees - South West Ireland County Kerry
    • Easkey North West coast near Sligo
  • New Zealand
    • Manu Bay and Whale Bay, Raglan
    • Bay of Plenty and East Coast, Mount Maunganui
  • Much of South Africa's coastline (just a few listed)
    • Amanzimtoti
    • Cape St. Francis (Seal Point)
    • Durban
    • Elands Bay
    • Jeffreys Bay
    • Mossel Bay
    • Scottburgh
    • Port Alfred
    • Port Elizabeth
  • United Kingdom
    • Fistral Beach in Newquay, Cornwall
    • Croyde Bay in North Devon
    • The Gower Peninsula near Swansea, Wales
    • The Llyn Peninsula, north Wales
  • United States
    • Northern California is known to receive some of the most consistent surf in the continental United States. While it is more exposed to wind and poor weather conditions than Southern California, it often will have large surf while SoCal will be flat. At the same time, there are many protected areas, primarily in Santa Cruz, that receive large swells but are blocked from northwest winds. NorCal is home to one of the most revered and dangerous spots in the world, Mavericks.
    • Southern California, from San Diego to above Santa Barbara, features outstanding beaches such as Windansea, Tourmaline Park, Ponto, Lunada Bay, Huntington Beach, San Onofre, and Rincon, and is where American surfing music and culture began to evolve. This stretch of coastline is remarkable for the sheer number of consistently pleasant and surfable breaks. Each summer Huntington Beach is host to the U.S. Open of Surfing.
    • Hawaii is probably the most famous surfing mecca that exists, every year thousands of surfers make the trip to pay respect to the birthplace of surfing. The North Shore of Oahu is home to perhaps the best stretch of surfing waves in the world, including Sunset Beach, Waimea Bay, and the world's most renowned and revered wave, "Pipeline" (or "Banzai Pipeline"), so named for the yawning chasms it regularly hurls over the heads of awe-struck surfers. The North Shore is the epicenter of commercial surfing each fall as it hosts a series of contests that end the professional season at Pipeline.
    • The eastern central coast of Florida, particularly Brevard County, is renowned as the "small wave surfing capital of the world," and is home to such surfing luminaries as Kelly Slater, Todd Holland, and Matt Kechele.
    • The Mid-Atlantic region includes popular spots such as North Carolina's Outer Banks, Long Island, Virginia Beach, Ocean City (Md.), and the Jersey Shore.
    • Ruggles Ave. off the cliffwalk in Newport Rhode Island boasts one of the best pointbreaks in the entire U.S. on a good swell. Don't surf there unless you are legit though, dropping in on a local can result in a beatdown.
    • There are decent breaks all up the east coast, notably on Cape Cod
    • Even areas along the Great Lakes get local windswells with fresh-water barrels.

The west coast of the Americas tends to have better surfing areas than the east coast. While the continental shelf of the west coast drops off quickly, on the east it extends a great distance, creating drag and making smaller and less powerful waves.

  • Puerto Rico
    • The West Coast in the Island has A-frame breaks, with international surfers coming every season for the taste of huge waves. The North Coast has consisten overhead spectacular breaks prolonged months of the year. The Southern and Eastern part of the Island have good breaks that don't get ridden that often.
  • Barbados
    • The most easterly of the Caribbean territories (ie closest to Cape Verde, Africa etc), the island's location far out in the Atlantic Ocean allows waves to travel thousands of kilometers on the bottom of the sea to finally unload all the power they developed during the long oceanic journey over Barbados' coral reefs. These reefs extend to completely surround Barbados' coastline, providing unlimited surfing conditions all around at almost any given day of the year. If categorised according to power and size, the East Coast is the premier surfing spot; an area known as the 'Soup Bowl' is of international significance in the surfing world. This is where Kelly Slater impressively made his comeback onto the world tour of pro surfing in 2002. The rugged Northwest features consistent 'Duppys' and other breaks that can easily live up to Hawaiian standards.
  • Hermosa Beach
    • The heart of Southern California, Hermosa Beach is a surf spot with extreme consistency and world class shape.


Anywhere else waves hit the shore. Many surfers are seen as territorial, hence the expression "locals only"; or as the rock group The Surf Punks put it, "my beach, my wave, my girl, so fuck you!".

The expression "Surf Nazi" appeared in the 1980s to describe territorial and authoritarian surfers.

Other surfers, however, known as "soul surfers", hold less aggressive views towards others. These surfers see surfing as more than a sport; it is an opportunity to harness the waves in and to relax and forget about their daily routines. This type of surfing has seen a rise in popularity recently.

Global warming, environmental damage, and increasing riparian development may continue to increase pressure on the sport. Global warming may produce bigger waves...or a return, through altering ocean currents, to a new ice age. Oil spills and toxic algae growth can threaten surfing regions. And, many wealthy homeowners have tried to prevent free access to beaches in violation of English and American common law traditions, in which "the strand" is not private property.

Surfing culture

See surf culture

Surfing movies

  • Gidget (1959)
  • Ride the Wild Surf (1964)
  • Beach Party (1963)
  • Beach Blanket Bingo (1965)
  • Endless Summer (1966)
  • Five Summer Stories (1972)
  • Big Wednesday (1978)
  • Apocalypse Now (1979) (scene with Robert Duvall, "Charlie don't surf!")
  • North Shore (1987)
  • Surf Nazis Must Die (1987)
  • Point Break (1991)
  • Endless Summer II (1994)
  • In God's Hands (1998)
  • Blue Crush (2002)
  • Step Into Liquid (2003)
  • Riding Giants (2004)
  • Blue Horizon (2004)

Surf brands

  • Billabong
  • Rip Curl
  • Quiksilver
  • Mambo
  • O'Neill
  • Roxy
  • Hurley
  • DaKine
  • Reef
  • Ezekiel
  • Oakley
  • Volcom
  • Rusty

Famous and notable surfers

  • Duke Paoa Kahanamoku, olympian and Ambassador of Surfing
  • Laird Hamilton, Hawaii, California, Big wave Rider and tow-in surfing inventor
  • Tom Blake, Early 20th century surf pioneer, added fins to surfboards
  • Bob Simmons, Initiated change in surfboards from flat logs to modern styles
  • Keala Kennelly, Kauai
  • Robbie Page, Australia
  • Greg Cipes, United States
  • Greg Noll, big wave pioneer, rode biggest wave of his era at Makaha
  • Mark Richards, Newcastle. Australia, dominant surfer of the twin fin era
  • Scott Bass Surfer Magazine online editor and pioneer of stand-paddle surfing
  • Rell Sunn, Queen of Makaha, O‘ahu
  • Jake Mattocks, Mr. SP
  • Terry "TubeSteak" Tracy, The Original Big Kahoona http://www.tubesteak.org
  • Gerry Lopez, Mr. Pipeline
  • Shaun Tomson, one of the last top pros of the single fin era
  • Bill Andrews, La Jolla Local http://adaywithba.com
  • George Freeth
  • Simon Anderson Australian, first to win competitions on thrusters
  • Tom Curren, First dominant pro thruster surfer
  • Kelly Slater, Florida, considered one of the best surf competitors ever
  • Andy Irons, Kauai
  • Sunny Garcia
  • Shane Dorian
  • Rob Hooper
  • Bethany Hamilton, Kauai and shark attack survivor
  • Layne Beachley, Australia
  • John Whitmore introduced surfboards to SA and pionered many advances in surfboards and techniques. Whitmore befriended filmmaker Bruce Brown and provided much assistance in the creation of Endless Summer 1 and 2.
  • Bruce Gabreilson, founder of official high school surfing leagues and creator of Internet's first surfing site
  • Dale Webster, northern California surfer who surfed over 10,000 days in a row.

This page about surfing includes information from a Wikipedia article.
Additional articles about surfing
News stories about surfing
External links for surfing
Videos for surfing
Wikis about surfing
Discussion Groups about surfing
Blogs about surfing
Images of surfing

See surf culture. Key Performance Indicator press release for the quarter to 30 June 2005, 25 July 2005. And, many wealthy homeowners have tried to prevent free access to beaches in violation of English and American common law traditions, in which "the strand" is not private property. 1 Vodafone Group Plc. Oil spills and toxic algae growth can threaten surfing regions. Vodafone's accounts for the years shown in the table below include a great number of one off transactions, and apart from noting the rapid expansion of the group, no conclusions about underlying trends should be drawn from the figures without examining the accounts in more detail. Global warming may produce bigger waves...or a return, through altering ocean currents, to a new ice age. Despite the reported losses it is in reality a highly profitable company, and this is reflected in the fact that it is consistently one of the top twenty companies in the world by market capitalisation.

Global warming, environmental damage, and increasing riparian development may continue to increase pressure on the sport. However this write off of goodwill is purely an accounting adjustment and does not affect Vodafone's cash position or its ability to pay dividends. This type of surfing has seen a rise in popularity recently. As UK GAAP requires goodwill to be written off against the profit and loss account Vodafone has shown large statutory losses since then. These surfers see surfing as more than a sport; it is an opportunity to harness the waves in and to relax and forget about their daily routines. By the end of its key acquisition drive, which ran from 1999 to 2002, Vodafone had more than £100 billion of goodwill on its balance sheet. Other surfers, however, known as "soul surfers", hold less aggressive views towards others. The following table shows Vodafone's results under UK generally accepted accounting principles (UK GAAP).

The expression "Surf Nazi" appeared in the 1980s to describe territorial and authoritarian surfers. This is a common practice in the mobile telecommunciations industry. Many surfers are seen as territorial, hence the expression "locals only"; or as the rock group The Surf Punks put it, "my beach, my wave, my girl, so fuck you!". if an operator in which it has a 30% stake has 10 million customers that equals 3 million proportionate Vodafone customers.
Anywhere else waves hit the shore. Vodafone also produces proportionate customer number figures on a similar basis, eg. While the continental shelf of the west coast drops off quickly, on the east it extends a great distance, creating drag and making smaller and less powerful waves. Proportionate turnover is not an official accounting measure and Vodafone's proportionate turnover should be compared with other companies' statutory turnover.

The west coast of the Americas tends to have better surfing areas than the east coast. For example, if a business in which it owns a 45% stake has turnover of £10 billion, that equals £4.5 billion of proportionate turnover for Vodafone. Surfing is a global sport; one can find a surfer in almost every coastal nation in the world. In order to provide additional information on the overall scale and growth trends of its business it publishes "proportionate turnover" figures and these are included in the tables below. These automatically combine the above variables into a presentation of how good the surf will be. Vodafone has some large minority stakes, in particular in Verizon Wireless in the United States and SFR in France, which are not included in its consolidated turnover. The availability of free model data from the NOAA has allowed the creation of several Surf forecasting websites. It has issued results amended to IFRS standards for its 31 March 2004 and 31 March 2005 year ends for information purposes, and these are shown in the first table below.

Local wind conditions, water temperature, solar radiation, the crowd factor, hazardous aquatic life, water pollution, and aggression of local surfers are other factors that can have impact on the experience one might have surfing at a particular break. From its 31 March 2006 year end onwards Vodafone will report its results in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Based on the structure of the ocean floor, a location may break better on a particular tide, say, an incoming high tide or a low-low tide. Key Performance Indicator press release for the quarter to 30 June 2005, 25 July 2005. For instance, there are beach breaks (soft sand bottom) that generate slower, mushy waves and reef breaks (coral reef or rock bottom) that tend to generate faster, more powerful waves. 1 Vodafone Group Plc. The structure of the ocean floor is the biggest factor that determines the broad characteristics of waves at a particular break.
.

The two main types of waves for surfing apart from the pointbreak are the reef break (waves breaking over a coral reef or rockbed) and the beach break (waves breaking onto sand bars). Although the announcement only says that the two groups are partnering to deliver international roaming services, subsequent press releases of the Vodafone Group indicates that it has 27 (now 31) Partner Networks, therefore the 13 networks of America Movil in the agreement are considered Partner Networks. When waves break along a section of coastline at an angle almost perpendicular to the land, these special locations, known as point breaks, can produce very long-lasting waves that can be surfed for several hundred meters. Included in the agreement are the 13 networks owned and controlled by America Movil (except Tracfone in the United States), and the various operating companies of Vodafone and its Partner Networks. Coastlines that face east or south (in the Northern Hemisphere) or north (in the Southern Hemisphere) that are exposed to tropical storms and hurricanes can also be surfable on a consistent basis. The services include Voice and GPRS Roaming services, Preferred Roaming and Virtual Home Environment. In general, the western coast of any continent usually has better breaks since winds (and, therefore, waves) tend to travel from west to east. The agreement involves co-operation on international services and roaming.

The swell window determines the potential of a break to receive waves. Latin America On 15 November 2005, Vodafone Group announced a group-wide co-operation agreement with America Movil of Mexico. There are two primary factors that contribute to the general characteristics of waves at a particular break: (1) the "swell window" or the exposure of the location to wave-generating areas of fetch, and (2) the structure of the ocean floor (composition, shape). However, Cingular Wireless (a joint venture of SBC Communications (now AT&T) and BellSouth) ultimately outbid Vodafone and took control of AT&T Wireless, and Vodafone's relationship with Verizon has continued. As waves near their ultimate destination (land), the bottom of the wave begins to run aground as the water becomes more shallow. As AT&T Wireless used the GSM standard, this would have resolved all the above problems. To learn more about surf meteorology, see StormSurf's Tutorials. Had this bid been successful, Vodafone would presumably have sold its stake in Verizon Wireless, and then rebranded the resultant business as Vodafone.

These waves use a drafting effect similar to race cars and cyclists to travel vast distances efficiently. Perhaps as a consequence of these reasons, Vodafone made a bid for the entirety of AT&T Wireless when that company was for sale in 2004. Wind blown consistently over a large area of fetch, or open water, generates waves. operations, and (perhaps more importantly) has no control of dividend policy at Verizon Wireless and is therefore entirely at the mercy of Verizon management with respect to cash flow from Verizon Wireless to Vodafone. Surfing conditions at a particular location or "break" that is known for surfing (see below) are almost never ideal. Vodafone is thus unable to use the Vodafone brand for its U.S. This spectacular activity is extremely popular with television crews, but because such waves rarely occur in heavily populated regions, and usually only a very long way out to sea on outer reefs, few spectators see such events directly. The other two stem from the fact that Vodafone has does not have management control over Verizon Wireless.

In many instances surfers would not survive the battering of the 'sets' (groups of waves together) without drowning. and other networks. Jetskis not only allow surfers to ride these waves but allow them to survive 'wipeouts'. The first is the above-mentioned incompatibility with the GSM standard used by Vodafone's other networks, and the consequent difficulty of offering roaming between Vodafone's U.S. Some waves reach speeds of over 60 km/h; jetskis enable surfers to reach the speed of the wave thereby making them rideable. This relationship has been quite profitable for Vodafone, but there have historically been three problems with it. These waves were previously unrideable due to the speed at which they travel. However, Verizon Communications—the company formed when Bell Atlantic and GTE merged on June 30, 2000—owns a majority of Verizon Wireless and Vodafone's branding is not used, nor is the network compatible with GSM phones.

A practice popularised in the 1990s has seen big wave surfing revolutionised, as surfers use jetskis to tow them out to a position where they can catch previously unrideable waves (See also: tow-in surfing). wireless assets and began operations on April 4, 2000. A non-competitive adventure activity involving riding the biggest waves possible (known as "rhino hunting") is also popular with some surfers. The first wireless business with a national footprint in the U.S., Verizon Wireless was composed of Bell Atlantic's and Vodafone AirTouch's U.S. It is common to hear debate rage between purists of the sport, who still maintain the ideal of 'soul surfing', and surfers who engage in the competitive and, consequently, commercial side of the activity. In September 1999, Vodafone Airtouch announced a $70-billion joint venture with Bell Atlantic Corp. Although competitive surfing has become an extremely popular and lucrative activity, both for its participants and its sponsors, the sport does not have its origins as a competitive pursuit. in June 1999 and changed its name to Vodafone Airtouch Plc.

There is a professional surfing world championship series held annually at surf beaches around the world. Before this joint venture was formed, Vodafone merged with AirTouch Communications of the U.S. Competitors are then judged according to how competently the wave is ridden, including the level of difficulty, as well as frequency, of maneuvers. United States In the United States, Vodafone owns 44.4%1 of Verizon Wireless, the country's second largest mobile carrier. Riders, competing in pairs or small groups, are allocated a certain amount of time to ride waves and display their prowess and mastery of the craft. Vodafone currently operates in the following countries in the Americas region. Competitive surfing is a comparison sport. Vodafone and Telkom will then have a 50% stake each in Vodacom.

Most people only see the pros riding and miss (when televised) or ignore the time-consuming paddling out and waiting required to get a surfer into position.
. The drama of surfing obscures the sport's mundane aspects. The proporationate customer numbers are as at 31 December 2005. However, such situations do not exist if the waves 'dump' or 'close-out', meaning that they break in large parts at a time. Vodafone currently operates in the following countries in the Middle East and Africa region. This is the holy grail of surfing, where the surfer maneuvers into a position where the wave curls over the top of them, forming a "tube" (or "barrel"), with the rider inside the cylindrical portion of the wave. The proportionate customer numbers are at 31 December 2005:.

Surfers' skills are tested not only in their ability to control their board in challenging conditions, but by their ability to execute various maneuvers such as the 'cutback' (turning back toward the breaking part of the wave), the 'floater' (riding on the top of the breaking curl of the wave), 'off the lip' (banking off the top of the wave), the 'aerial' (arcing through the air above the wave) and, if the surf conditions allow it, tuberiding. Vodafone currently operates in the following countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Surfing's appeal probably derives from an unusual confluence of elements: adrenaline, skill, and high paced maneuvering are set against a naturally unpredictable backdrop—an organic environment that is, by turns, graceful and serene, violent and formidable. The proportionate customer numbers are for 31 December 2005:. In warmer climates swimsuits, surf trunks or boardshorts are worn; in cold water surfers can opt to wear wetsuits, booties, hoods, and gloves to protect them against lower water temperatures. Vodafone currently operates in the following countries in Europe. Equipment used in surfing includes a leash (to keep a surfer's board from washing to shore after a 'wipeout', and to prevent it from hitting other surfers), surf wax and/or traction pads (to keep a surfers feet from slipping off the deck of the board), and "skegs" (also known as fins) which can either be permanently attached ("glassed-on") or interchangeable. .

Long Island is also a very popular spot for surfing. Vodafone is listed on the London Stock Exchange as Vodafone Group (LSE: VOD.L) and New York Stock Exchange, symbol VOD. The sport has spread to most places where waves of sufficient size and shape appear, including Brazil, Costa Rica, France, Ireland, México, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, and many island states including Barbados in the Caribbean and Tahiti in the Pacific. In the U.S., these customers come via its minority stake in Verizon Wireless, and in the other five markets Vodafone has majority-controlled subsidiaries. The sport exploded in popularity in the 1950s and 1960s, when cheaper, more maneuverable, and lighter boards made of fiberglass and foam became available and the teenaged baby boomers headed to the beach in droves to enjoy the maneuverability and stunts made possible by the new boards. The six markets where it has more than ten million proportionate customers are the United Kingdom; Germany, the United States, Italy, Japan, and Spain. Originally developed by Hawaiian islanders (see Ngaru), before the 15th century, "he'e nalu" spread in the early 20th century to the mainland USA and Australia, where heavy timber "plank" boards were ridden directly towards beaches. On this measure it is the second-largest mobile telecom group in the world behind China Mobile.

. [1] ("Proportionate customers" means, for example, that if Vodafone has a 30% stake in a business with a million customers, that is counted as 300,000). Epoxy boards are stronger and lighter than traditional fiberglass boards. At 31 December 2005 Vodafone had 179.3 million proportionate customers in 27 markets across 5 continents. An emerging surf technology is an epoxy surfboard, made from a different material. It is the largest mobile telecommunications network company in the world by turnover, with equity interests in 27 countries and Partner Networks (networks in which it has no equity stake) in a further 31 countries. Most modern surfboards are made of urethane foam (with one or more wooden strips or "stringers"), fiberglass cloth, and polyester resin. Vodafone Group plc (the name stands for VOice-DAta-FONE) is a British mobile phone operator headquartered in Newbury, Berkshire, England.

Surfing (Hawaiian: he‘e nalu, "wave-sliding") is a very popular recreational activity and sport in which individuals are propelled across the water by the force of waves, while standing on a flat, wide board. December, 2003). Dale Webster, northern California surfer who surfed over 10,000 days in a row. BBC News (1. Bruce Gabreilson, founder of official high school surfing leagues and creator of Internet's first surfing site. Man Utd rings up £36m shirt deal. Whitmore befriended filmmaker Bruce Brown and provided much assistance in the creation of Endless Summer 1 and 2. December, 2004).

John Whitmore introduced surfboards to SA and pionered many advances in surfboards and techniques. BBC Sport (16. Layne Beachley, Australia. Ferrari extend sponsorship deal. Bethany Hamilton, Kauai and shark attack survivor. December, 2000). Rob Hooper. BBC Sport (11.

Shane Dorian. ECB dials up £12m deal. Sunny Garcia. New Zealand Warriors Rugby League team (until 2007). Andy Irons, Kauai. UEFA Champions League from the 2006/7 season. Kelly Slater, Florida, considered one of the best surf competitors ever. McLaren Formula One constructor (from 2007).

Tom Curren, First dominant pro thruster surfer. Ferrari Formula One constructor (until 2006). Simon Anderson Australian, first to win competitions on thrusters. Newbury AFC (The football club from Newbury, where Vodafone was founded.). George Freeth. Manchester United football till the end of 2005/6 soccer season, which ends Vodafone's four-year shirt deal, two years earlier than planned. Bill Andrews, La Jolla Local http://adaywithba.com. Vodafone Oaks and Vodafone Derby horse races at Epsom.

Shaun Tomson, one of the last top pros of the single fin era. England cricket team. Pipeline. DTM (the German touring car series). Gerry Lopez, Mr. David Beckham A two-year deal that was signed in 2002, later extended by another 12 months then ended in July 2005. Terry "TubeSteak" Tracy, The Original Big Kahoona http://www.tubesteak.org. Daily Express Life Savers Awards.

SP. Clare GAA, Ireland (formerly sponsored by Eircell). Jake Mattocks, Mr. Vodafone announces it plans to purchase a controlling interest in VenFin, and then shed VenFin's other assets. Rell Sunn, Queen of Makaha, O‘ahu. 3 November 2005: Vodafone announces that it is in exclusive talks to buy the 15% stake of VenFin in Vodacom Group, reaching agreement the following day. Scott Bass Surfer Magazine online editor and pioneer of stand-paddle surfing. 3 November 2004: Vodafone announced that its South African affiliate Vodacom has agreed to introduce Vodafone's international services, such as Vodafone live! and partner agreements, to its local market.

Australia, dominant surfer of the twin fin era. The second agreement involves the co-operation in Bahrain and the branding of the network as MTC-Vodafone. Mark Richards, Newcastle. 29 December 2003: Vodafone signs another Partner Network Agreement with Kuwait's MTC group. Greg Noll, big wave pioneer, rode biggest wave of his era at Makaha. The agrrement involved the rebranding of MTC to MTC-Vodafone. Greg Cipes, United States. 18 September 2002: Vodafone signs a Partner Network Agreement with MTC group of Kuwait.

Robbie Page, Australia. May 1998: Vodafone Egypt network went live under the name ClickGSM. Keala Kennelly, Kauai. 25 January 2006: Indonesia, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka are added to the Vodafone footprint as Vodafone Group signs a partner network agreement with Telekom Malaysia. Bob Simmons, Initiated change in surfboards from flat logs to modern styles. 22 December 2005: Vodafone announces the completion of the acquisition of the 10% stake in Bharti Televentures of India. Tom Blake, Early 20th century surf pioneer, added fins to surfboards. The acquisition involves two separate transactions.

Laird Hamilton, Hawaii, California, Big wave Rider and tow-in surfing inventor. 28 October 2005: Vodafone announces the acquisition of a 10 per cent stake in India's Bharti Televentures, which operates the largest mobile phone network in India under the brand name AirTel. Duke Paoa Kahanamoku, olympian and Ambassador of Surfing. October 2005: Vodafone begins releasing 3G technology in Australia. Rusty. August 2005: Vodafone released 3G technology in New Zealand. Volcom. April 2005: Smartone changed the name of its brand from Smartone to 'Smartone-Vodafone'.

Oakley. October 1st 2003: Vodafone changed the name of its Japanese subsidiary from J-Phone to 'Vodafone', and the name of J-Phone's mobile internet service from J-Sky to Vodafone Live!. Ezekiel. 3 November 2003: M1, as a Partner Network is added to the Vodafone footprint. Reef. December 2002: J-Phone's 3G network went live. DaKine. 1999-2000: J-Phone launched the J-sky mobile internet service in response to DoCoMo's i-Mode service.

Hurley. November 1998: Vodafone purchased BellSouth New Zealand, and it became known as Vodafone New Zealand. Roxy. July 1994: Vodafone Fiji's network went live. O'Neill. October 1993: Vodafone Australia's network went live. Mambo. July 1993: BellSouth New Zealand's network went live.

Quiksilver. Vodafone Hungary also adopts the new corporate logo. Rip Curl. 01 February 2006: Oskar Vodafone drops the Oskar name and becomes Vodafone Czech Republic, adopting the new corporate logo of the group. Billabong. 05 January 2006: The group announces the completion of the sale of Vodafone Sweden to Telenor. Blue Horizon (2004). December 2005: Vodafone Spain becomes the second member of the group to adopt the new corporate logo.

Riding Giants (2004). [2]. Step Into Liquid (2003). 13 December 2005: Vodafone won an auction to buy Turkey's second-largest mobile phone company, Telsim, for $4.5 billion. Blue Crush (2002). After the sale, Vodafone Sweden will become a Partner Network of the Vodafone Group, Plc. In God's Hands (1998). The sale will be completed by the end of calendar year 2005.

Endless Summer II (1994). 31 October 2005: Vodafone reached an agreement to sell Vodafone Sweden to Telenor, the largest provider of telecommunications services in Norway, for approximately Euro 1 billion. Point Break (1991). 28 October 2005: Connex in Romania is rebranded as Connex-Vodafone. Surf Nazis Must Die (1987). (The rebranding of Oskar-Vodafone and Connex-Vodafone also does not use the Sim Card pattern.). North Shore (1987). Also, various operating companies start to drop the use of the SIM card pattern in the company logo.

Apocalypse Now (1979) (scene with Robert Duvall, "Charlie don't surf!"). 17 October 2005: Vodafone Portugal launches a new corporate logo, dropping the speech mark in the O's of the company name, and using the colour silver instead of white, but still retaining the red background. Big Wednesday (1978). 1 July 2005: Oskar of Czech Republic is rebranded as Oskar-Vodafone. Five Summer Stories (1972). Vodafone also bought Czech mobile operator Oskar. Endless Summer (1966). June 2005: Vodafone increased its participation in Romania's Connex to 99%.

Beach Blanket Bingo (1965). November 2004: Vodafone introduced 3G services into Europe. Beach Party (1963). Cyta agreed to rename its mobile phone operations to Cytamobile-Vodafone. Ride the Wild Surf (1964). 20 February 2004: Vodafone signed a Partner Network Agreement with Cyta of Cyprus. Gidget (1959). 16 February 2004: Vodafone signed a Partner Network Agreement with Luxembourg's LuxGSM.

The heart of Southern California, Hermosa Beach is a surf spot with extreme consistency and world class shape. 21 July 2003: Lithuania is added to Vodafone's worldwide network, with the signing of a Partner Network agreement with Bité. Hermosa Beach

    . The company is the result of the partnering of Og with Vodafone. The rugged Northwest features consistent 'Duppys' and other breaks that can easily live up to Hawaiian standards. 16 April 2003: Og Vodafone is introduced in the Icelandic market. This is where Kelly Slater impressively made his comeback onto the world tour of pro surfing in 2002. As a result, Vodafone adds Austria, Croatia, and Slovenia in its partner network.

    If categorised according to power and size, the East Coast is the premier surfing spot; an area known as the 'Soup Bowl' is of international significance in the surfing world. 7 January 2003: Vodafone signed a group-wide Partner agreement with mobilkom austria. These reefs extend to completely surround Barbados' coastline, providing unlimited surfing conditions all around at almost any given day of the year. Radiolinja (Eesti) would later change its name to Elisa. The most easterly of the Caribbean territories (ie closest to Cape Verde, Africa etc), the island's location far out in the Atlantic Ocean allows waves to travel thousands of kilometers on the bottom of the sea to finally unload all the power they developed during the long oceanic journey over Barbados' coral reefs. 3 December 2002: Vodafone brand is introduced in the Estonian market with signing of a Partner Network Agreement with Radiolinja (Eesti). Barbados

      . 2002: Vodafone rebranded Japan's J-sky mobile internet service as Vodafone live!™ as its mobile customer portal.

      The Southern and Eastern part of the Island have good breaks that don't get ridden that often. Radiolinja later changed its named to Elisa. The North Coast has consisten overhead spectacular breaks prolonged months of the year. 2 February 2002: Finland is added into Vodafone's mobile community, as Radiolinja is signed as a Partner Network. The West Coast in the Island has A-frame breaks, with international surfers coming every season for the taste of huge waves. (i.e., TDC Mobil-Vodafone; Elisa-Vodafone; Bité-Vodafone etc.). Puerto Rico

        . Vodafone services would be marketed under the dual-brand scheme, where the Vodafone brand is added at the end of the local brand.

        Even areas along the Great Lakes get local windswells with fresh-water barrels. The concept would be used to extend the Vodafone brand and services into markets where it does not have stakes in local operators. There are decent breaks all up the east coast, notably on Cape Cod. The new concept involves the introduction of Vodafone international services to the local market, without the need of investment by Vodafone. Don't surf there unless you are legit though, dropping in on a local can result in a beatdown. 17 December 2001: Vodafone intoduces the concept of "Partner Network" by signing TDC Mobil of Denmark. on a good swell. 2001-2002: Vodafone acquired Japan's third largest mobile operator J-Phone, which had introduced camera phones first in Japan.

        off the cliffwalk in Newport Rhode Island boasts one of the best pointbreaks in the entire U.S. 2001: Vodafone took over Eircell, then part of eircom in Ireland and rebranded it Vodafone Ireland. Ruggles Ave. 2001-04-16 First 3G voice call on Vodafone United Kingdom's 3G network. The Mid-Atlantic region includes popular spots such as North Carolina's Outer Banks, Long Island, Virginia Beach, Ocean City (Md.), and the Jersey Shore. 28 July 2000: Reverts to its former name, Vodafone Group Plc. The eastern central coast of Florida, particularly Brevard County, is renowned as the "small wave surfing capital of the world," and is home to such surfing luminaries as Kelly Slater, Todd Holland, and Matt Kechele. The deal is one of the largest in European history.

        The North Shore is the epicenter of commercial surfing each fall as it hosts a series of contests that end the professional season at Pipeline. February - April 2000: Vodafone enters German market by buying mobile network operator Mannesmann Mobilfunk GmbH & Co KG. The North Shore of Oahu is home to perhaps the best stretch of surfing waves in the world, including Sunset Beach, Waimea Bay, and the world's most renowned and revered wave, "Pipeline" (or "Banzai Pipeline"), so named for the yawning chasms it regularly hurls over the heads of awe-struck surfers. wireless assets and began operations on 4 April 2000. Hawaii is probably the most famous surfing mecca that exists, every year thousands of surfers make the trip to pay respect to the birthplace of surfing. to be called Verizon Wireless, which was composed of the two companies' U.S. Open of Surfing. 21 September 1999: Vodafone Airtouch announces a $70-billion joint venture with Bell Atlantic Corp.

        Each summer Huntington Beach is host to the U.S. of the U.S., and changes its name to Vodafone Airtouch Plc. This stretch of coastline is remarkable for the sheer number of consistently pleasant and surfable breaks. 30 June 1999: Vodafone Group Plc merges with AirTouch Communications, Inc. Southern California, from San Diego to above Santa Barbara, features outstanding beaches such as Windansea, Tourmaline Park, Ponto, Lunada Bay, Huntington Beach, San Onofre, and Rincon, and is where American surfing music and culture began to evolve. The logo often appears on the outline of a SIM card. NorCal is home to one of the most revered and dangerous spots in the world, Mavericks. Company introduces new logo, known as the Speechmark, as it is a quotation mark in a circle; the O's in the Vodafone logotype are opening and closing quotation marks, suggesting conversation.

        At the same time, there are many protected areas, primarily in Santa Cruz, that receive large swells but are blocked from northwest winds. November 1995: Vodafone Spain's (still as "Airtel") network went live. While it is more exposed to wind and poor weather conditions than Southern California, it often will have large surf while SoCal will be flat. September 1995: Vodafone Italy's (still as "Omnitel") network went live. Northern California is known to receive some of the most consistent surf in the continental United States. July 1993: Vodafone Ireland's GSM network went live, as Eircell; a ETACS network had operated from ~1985. United States

          . July 1993: Vodafone Greece's network went live.

          The Llyn Peninsula, north Wales. October 1992: Vodafone Portugal's (still as "Telecel, Comunicações Pessoais, SA") network went live. The Gower Peninsula near Swansea, Wales. September 1992: Vodafone Sweden's network went live. Croyde Bay in North Devon. July 1992: Vodafone United Kingdom's GSM network went live. Fistral Beach in Newquay, Cornwall. June 1992: Vodafone Germany's (still as "Mannesmann Mobilfunk GmbH") network went live.

          United Kingdom

            . October 1991: Racal Telecom is demerged from Racal Electronics and becomes Vodafone Group. Port Elizabeth. The first call was made to the Vodafone head office—which was at that point above a curry house in Newbury, where the company remains today (but now in a custom-built HQ building). Port Alfred. This event was staged, due to a network failure; the first calls actually being made the next day. Scottburgh. 1985-01-01: First phone call on Vodafone United Kingdom's analogue network.

            Mossel Bay. Jeffreys Bay. Elands Bay. Durban.

            Francis (Seal Point). Cape St. Amanzimtoti. Much of South Africa's coastline (just a few listed)

              .

              Bay of Plenty and East Coast, Mount Maunganui. Manu Bay and Whale Bay, Raglan. New Zealand

                . Easkey North West coast near Sligo.

                The Maharees - South West Ireland County Kerry. Ireland

                  . Indonesia. Gulf Coast.

                  Mainland – States of Sinaloa, Jalisco, Colima (home to Boca de Pascuales and its massive beachbreak), Michoacán (where rural surf towns abound), Guerrero, Oaxaca (where Puerto Escondido, the "Mexican Pipeline", is located), and Chiapas. Baja States of Baja California Norte and Baja California Sur; Several great breaks, the island of Todos Santos being the most famous. Mexico

                    . Chicama (home of the longest left in the world).

                    San Gallan. Cerro Azul. Pico Alto (home to the Mavericks of South America). Cabo Blanco.

                    Peru

                      . Brazil. Biarritz). The Atlantic coast of France (eg.

                      Western Australia beaches Margaret River. Victorian beaches Jan Juc and Bells Beach where the annual Rip Curl Pro is held every year. Ocean beaches of Sydney, in particular Bondi Beach, North Narabeen and Dee Why. Gold Coast, Snapper Rocks and Burleigh Heads where many surf comps are held anually.

                      Newcastle, where Surfest is held annually. Australia

                        . France, particularly the Atlantic coast south of the Gironde.