This page will contain external links about surcouf, as they become available.Robert SurcoufStatue of Robert Surcouf in Saint-Malo.Robert Surcouf (1773–1827) was a famous French privateer. During his lengendary career, he captured 47 ships and was renowned for his gallantry and chivalry, earning the nickname of Roi des Corsaires ("King of Privateers"). Surcouf was born in December 1773 in Saint-Malo, a fortified town in Brittany, traditionally a corsair stronghold. He attended a religious school and was educated by the Jesuits. At 13, he escaped his professors and stole a small craft to prove his ability to sail; he was subsequently caught in a tempest and had to be rescued. At age 15, he enlisted on a merchantman to India. Between 1789 and 1791, he participated in slave trade between Mozambique and Madagascar. In 1792 he came back to Saint-Malo and discovered the political changes France had undergone in the wake of the French Revolution. He sailed to Isle de France (present-day Mauritius) in August on a commercial brig, and was informed on his arrival of the outbreak of war against Britain. Isle de France was threatened by two vessels (54-gun and 60-gun) commanded by Commodore Osborn. Surcouf was made a second officer of the frigate Cybèle, which, with another frigate and a brig, and with less than half their firepower, engaged and repelled the attackers. Surcouf was one of the heroes of the day. He was made a captain in Isle de France, and expressed his ambition to wage corsair warfare against England. However, the Convention frowned at privateers, and it was difficult to obtain a letter of marque. On the 3rd of June 1794, Surcouf sailed with the 4-gun ship La Créole, with a complement of 30 men, with orders to bring rice to Mauritius, and encountered three English ships escorted by the 26-gun Triton; he used a technicality to engage combat in self-defence, by not flying his colours until the English ships requested them by firing a warning shot (a naval convention of the time), which Surcouf later reported to consider an aggression. After a brief gunnery exchange, the British ships lowered their flag and were brought back to Mauritius, with their cargo of rice and mais. Surcouf was welcomed as a saviour in the famished Port Louis. The capture was declared legal, but in the absence of a letter of marque, the authorities retained the entire cargo (a portion of which normally goes to the corsair). Following a dispute with the governor of Isle de France, Surcouf sailed to France to receive his letter of marque. He returned to sea in Nantes in August 1798, as captain of the 18-gun Clarisse, with 105 men. He captured four ships in the South Atlantic, and two others near Sumatra in February 1799. On the 11th of November, the 20-gun Auspicious was captured, with a cargo worth in excess of one million francs. Surcouf later had to flee before the 56-gun frigate Sybille, throwing eight guns overboard to out-sail the British warship. He captured a British brig and an American merchantman before returning to Isle de France. capture of the Kent by the ConfianceIn May, 1800, Surcouf took command of La Confiance, a fine and fast 18-gun frigate from Bordeaux undergoing repairs in Isle de France. Beginning in March, he led a brilliant campaign which resulted in the capture of nine British ships. On the October 7th, 1800, in the Bay of Bengal, La Confiance met the 38-gun Kent, a 1200-ton East Indiaman with 400 men and a company of naval riflemen. Despite being outnumbered three to one, the French managed to seize control of the Kent. He became a living legend in France and, in England, a public enemy whose capture was valued at 5 millions francs, although he was noted for the discipline of his crew and his humane treatment of prisoners. On the 13th of April 1801, though chased by British warships, he arrived in La Rochelle. He settled in Saint-Malo, married, and spent six years in retirement, as a businessman. In 1803, at the breaking of the Treaty of Amiens, First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte personally offered him the title of captain and command of a frigate squadron in the Indian Ocean. Surcouf, however, refused, for two reasons: first, he would not have been allowed to operate as independently as he desired; and second, he believed that the war against England should be waged with economic means (i.e. by attacking its merchant navy) rather than direct naval assault. His arguments did not fall on deaf ears; in 1805, Napoleon chose a blockade against England rather than direct confrontation, and allowed privateers to operate with relative impunity. Surcouf left in good terms, and was made officer of the Légion d'Honneur on the 18th of July 1804. In 1804, Surcouf went into business as ship-owner, and equipped 14 privateers in the Indian Ocean (among them his brother Nicolas Surcouf and his cousin Joseph Potier). Their achievements, however, were somewhat less impressive than Surcouf's own: four of the corsairs were captured by British warships, and 5 campaigns turned a deficit. In 1807, a British vessel captured Nicolas Surcouf. On the 2nd of March, Surcouf returned to sea on a specially-built three-mast, the 20-gun Revenant. Le Revenant was constructed under special directives by Surcouf himself, with a completely coppered hull, and a remarkable (for the time) top speed of 12 knots. Surcouf arrived at Isle de France in June, defeating the British blockade and capturing several ships on the journey. During the subsequent campaign, which was to be his last, Surcouf captured 16 British ships, partly because British ships tended to lower their flag as soon as they identified their opponent. He returned to Isle de France on the 31st of February 1808. He then decided to stay on the island, leaving the campaign to his second-in-command (and cousin) Joseph Potier. In two campaigns, the latter captured about 20 ships, including the large 34-gun Portuguese Conceçao. The governor of Isle de France, General Charles Decaen, seized the Revenant for the defense of the island. After a heated argument with Decaen, Surcouf acquired the frigate La Sémillante, renamed it Le Charles, and sailed it back to France. In the meantime, Decaen had confiscated all Surcouf's possessions in the Indian Ocean. In October 1808, the Revenant (renamed Iena), was captured by a British warship. She would be re-taken two years later by the frigate Bellone, under captain Duperré. On the 4th of February 1809, Le Charles arrived in France with a 8-million franc cargo. Surcouf was received by Napoleon and made Baron d'Empire, and his possessions were returned to him. In January 1814, Surcouf was made a colonel in the National Guard of Saint-Malo. However, he took no part in the Hundred Days as a chief of Legion. After the war, he returned to Saint-Malo, rich and with the title of baron, and became a merchant ship-owner, establishing business with Terre-Neuve, the Caribbean, Africa and the Indian Ocean. In 1817, he fought against twelve Prussian officers with a cue stick because they had insulted an old man in a bar; he managed to hold them long enough to challenge them all to duels. He subsequently defeated eleven of the officers, one by one, leaving the last and youngest alive "to tell the tale". He died on the 8th of July 1827, and was carried to his grave by sea on a flotilla of over 50 sailboats. Quotes
Trivia
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He died on the 8th of July 1827, and was carried to his grave by sea on a flotilla of over 50 sailboats. Total Worldwide Sales: 30 million (Taking into account her albums in Spanish: Xuxa, Xuxa 2, Xuxa 3, Todos sus Éxitos, El Pequeño Mundo, Xuxa Dance, El Mundo es de los Dos, Xuxa Solamente para Bajitos) Since Xou da Xuxa era, she sold 14 million copies. He subsequently defeated eleven of the officers, one by one, leaving the last and youngest alive "to tell the tale". Her first animated movie and 5th 'Só para Baixinhos' CD are coming out soon. In 1817, he fought against twelve Prussian officers with a cue stick because they had insulted an old man in a bar; he managed to hold them long enough to challenge them all to duels. Her show 'TV Xuxa' is in the number one spot for children's programming in Brazil. After the war, he returned to Saint-Malo, rich and with the title of baron, and became a merchant ship-owner, establishing business with Terre-Neuve, the Caribbean, Africa and the Indian Ocean. She has an on and off relationship with model and heir Luciano Szafir, father of her daughter. However, he took no part in the Hundred Days as a chief of Legion. Nine months before, she had announced live at Globo's Sunday show Domingão do Faustão that her dream would come true and she would have a child. In January 1814, Surcouf was made a colonel in the National Guard of Saint-Malo. In 1998, her daughter was born live on Jornal Nacional, the most important and most watched news shows in Brazil. Surcouf was received by Napoleon and made Baron d'Empire, and his possessions were returned to him. Xuxa is one of the richest women in Brazil, with a net worth of more than US$160 million. On the 4th of February 1809, Le Charles arrived in France with a 8-million franc cargo. She and Julio Iglesias were the only Latin Americans on the list. She would be re-taken two years later by the frigate Bellone, under captain Duperré. In 1991, she was one of the 40 Best Paid Celebrities in the World according to Forbes. In October 1808, the Revenant (renamed Iena), was captured by a British warship. Xuxa is richer than Roberto Carlos, the best-selling artist ever in Brazil. In the meantime, Decaen had confiscated all Surcouf's possessions in the Indian Ocean. But, while Xuxa is just a TV personality, Silvio Santos is also the owner of SBT. After a heated argument with Decaen, Surcouf acquired the frigate La Sémillante, renamed it Le Charles, and sailed it back to France. Ahead of her, only Silvio Santos, who is the presenter of lots of shows from the number 2-net: SBT. The governor of Isle de France, General Charles Decaen, seized the Revenant for the defense of the island. Xuxa is one of the richest Brazilian entertainers. In two campaigns, the latter captured about 20 ships, including the large 34-gun Portuguese Conceçao. Her revealing clothes were not a big controversy in Brazil, which has traditionally been more relaxed about nudity than North America or Western Europe, and most of Brazilians didn't see anything wrong with the clothes she wore. He then decided to stay on the island, leaving the campaign to his second-in-command (and cousin) Joseph Potier. Just about anything could be found with her face on it in stores in Brazil and across Latin America. He returned to Isle de France on the 31st of February 1808. She had a multiplicity of licensed products since the 80s, from bubble gum to televisions, Shampoos, soap, food, books, clothes, shoes, dolls, toys, video games and board games. During the subsequent campaign, which was to be his last, Surcouf captured 16 British ships, partly because British ships tended to lower their flag as soon as they identified their opponent. Xuxa's biggest singles were during her Xou da Xuxa era, the biggest of them all being Ilariê, but she was also successful with Lua de Cristal; Tindolelê; Brincar de Índio and Arco-Íris. Surcouf arrived at Isle de France in June, defeating the British blockade and capturing several ships on the journey. The album included the hit Ilarie, which went to Number 1 across Latin America and it was the bestselling single and most-played song on the radio in 1989. Le Revenant was constructed under special directives by Surcouf himself, with a completely coppered hull, and a remarkable (for the time) top speed of 12 knots. Her third album is the best-selling album in Brazilian history, selling almost 4 million copies. On the 2nd of March, Surcouf returned to sea on a specially-built three-mast, the 20-gun Revenant. She is still popular with children today, who listen to her CD collection 'Só Para Baixinhos'. In 1807, a British vessel captured Nicolas Surcouf. Xuxa is a Brazilian icon, who was part of the childhood of many young people born in the 1980s and 1990s. Their achievements, however, were somewhat less impressive than Surcouf's own: four of the corsairs were captured by British warships, and 5 campaigns turned a deficit. His arguments did not fall on deaf ears; in 1805, Napoleon chose a blockade against England rather than direct confrontation, and allowed privateers to operate with relative impunity. The theme song of the show spent 8 weeks on the top of the charts and her CD charted gold. by attacking its merchant navy) rather than direct naval assault. Also in 1993, she taped "Xuxa Park" in Spain. Surcouf, however, refused, for two reasons: first, he would not have been allowed to operate as independently as he desired; and second, he believed that the war against England should be waged with economic means (i.e. Many parents were taken aback by her seemingly open displays of sexuality and lack of modest clothing as well as her practice of putting on bright red lipstick and kissing the cheeks of prepubescent males at the end of each show. In 1803, at the breaking of the Treaty of Amiens, First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte personally offered him the title of captain and command of a frigate squadron in the Indian Ocean. However, the show was sold in many countries throughout the world, among them Japan, Israel, Russia and some Arab countries. He settled in Saint-Malo, married, and spent six years in retirement, as a businessman. Xuxa did not master the English language, which was her greatest barrier to success. On the 13th of April 1801, though chased by British warships, he arrived in La Rochelle. In 1993 Xuxa hosted an English language series in the United States, "Xuxa", but it did not achieve the popularity Xuxa had enjoyed throughout Latin America and Spain. He became a living legend in France and, in England, a public enemy whose capture was valued at 5 millions francs, although he was noted for the discipline of his crew and his humane treatment of prisoners. She also recorded a programme in Spain in 1992, Xuxa Park, which achieved a huge success. Despite being outnumbered three to one, the French managed to seize control of the Kent. In the 90s, Xuxa became very popular in the whole of Latin America, widening her appeal among Spanish-speaking audiences, when she recorded a programme in Argentina, Show de Xuxa, which was also popular when broadcast in Chile, Mexico and other 16 Latin American countries. On the October 7th, 1800, in the Bay of Bengal, La Confiance met the 38-gun Kent, a 1200-ton East Indiaman with 400 men and a company of naval riflemen. As of 2005, Xuxa is about to release her first animated movie. Beginning in March, he led a brilliant campaign which resulted in the capture of nine British ships. In 2003 she did another fantasy movie, Xuxa em Abracadabra and in 2004, Xuxa e o Tesouro da Cidade Perdida (Xuxa and the Treasure of the Lost City). In May, 1800, Surcouf took command of La Confiance, a fine and fast 18-gun frigate from Bordeaux undergoing repairs in Isle de France. The movie was a hit and a sequel was made for the following year. He captured a British brig and an American merchantman before returning to Isle de France. A fantasy movie, it not only had many cameos, but also a story line and no advertisements, a first for Xuxa's movie. Surcouf later had to flee before the 56-gun frigate Sybille, throwing eight guns overboard to out-sail the British warship. Then, in 2001 she did her first children's movie in twelve years, Xuxa e os Duendes. On the 11th of November, the 20-gun Auspicious was captured, with a cargo worth in excess of one million francs. Targeted at teenagers, the movie was still a hit with the audience and next year, a movie in the same style (no story line, lots of advertisements, lots of popular actors/groups/singers making cameos) was made, called Xuxa Popstar. He captured four ships in the South Atlantic, and two others near Sumatra in February 1799. In 1999 Xuxa appeared in Xuxa Requebra (Xuxa in Shake It), a movie that was a critical flop but a big hit with the audience. He returned to sea in Nantes in August 1798, as captain of the 18-gun Clarisse, with 105 men. The second was her biggest box office hit, spawning her hit single 'Lua de Cristal'. Following a dispute with the governor of Isle de France, Surcouf sailed to France to receive his letter of marque. The following year, she starred in two movies: Xuxa e os Trapalhões em 'O Mistério de Robin Hood' (Xuxa and The Messed-Up Guys in 'The Mystery of Robin Hood') and Lua de Cristal (Crystal Moon). The capture was declared legal, but in the absence of a letter of marque, the authorities retained the entire cargo (a portion of which normally goes to the corsair). In 1989 she starred for the first time in a movie with the comedy group Os Trapalhões in A Princesa Xuxa e Os Trapalhões (Princess Xuxa and The Messed-Up Guys), which was another hit. Surcouf was welcomed as a saviour in the famished Port Louis. Xuxa is also an actress and, together with comedy group Os Trapalhões, she has the 9 biggest Box Office hits in Brazilian history. After a brief gunnery exchange, the British ships lowered their flag and were brought back to Mauritius, with their cargo of rice and mais. In her children's shows, she consistently wore tight clothing, showing her belly, legs, and even parts of her buttocks, and in her first LP (also targeted at children), she revealed her breasts on the cover by wearing a translucent shirt. On the 3rd of June 1794, Surcouf sailed with the 4-gun ship La Créole, with a complement of 30 men, with orders to bring rice to Mauritius, and encountered three English ships escorted by the 26-gun Triton; he used a technicality to engage combat in self-defence, by not flying his colours until the English ships requested them by firing a warning shot (a naval convention of the time), which Surcouf later reported to consider an aggression. Xuxa, however, being one of the most popular Brazillian TV personalities at the time, was kept on and a new show, TV Xuxa was launched, containing more educational content and cartoons, and less of Xuxa than previous shows. However, the Convention frowned at privateers, and it was difficult to obtain a letter of marque. The show was initially successful, but following a dispute between Xuxa and her manager, Marlene Matos, ratings for the show began to decline, resulting in the show being pulled from air in 2004. He was made a captain in Isle de France, and expressed his ambition to wage corsair warfare against England. In 2001 Xuxa began a new children's show, Xuxa No Mundo da Imaginação (Xuxa at the World of Imagination), a show for preschool children on weekday mornings. Surcouf was one of the heroes of the day. She also began her first tour since the end of her Xou da Xuxa show, and won two Grammy awards. Surcouf was made a second officer of the frigate Cybèle, which, with another frigate and a brig, and with less than half their firepower, engaged and repelled the attackers. Reinvented as a children's entertainer, Xuxa began the Xuxa Só para Baixinhos (Xuxa Just for Kids) series, releasing CDs and a videotape with song clips. Isle de France was threatened by two vessels (54-gun and 60-gun) commanded by Commodore Osborn. Both shows had good ratings but were cancelled after a fire on the set at Xuxa Park during a show casued serious injuries to members of the crew and children in the audience. He sailed to Isle de France (present-day Mauritius) in August on a commercial brig, and was informed on his arrival of the outbreak of war against Britain. Xuxa Park was a modern version of her original show, Xou da Xuxa. In 1792 he came back to Saint-Malo and discovered the political changes France had undergone in the wake of the French Revolution. Xuxa Planet was a show aimed at teenagers, and was controversial in that she would interview stars about their sex lives. Between 1789 and 1791, he participated in slave trade between Mozambique and Madagascar. In the early 1990s Xuxa hosted two more shows: Xuxa Planet, and Xuxa Park. At age 15, he enlisted on a merchantman to India. In 1988, at her peak in popularity, she featured in the highly successful movie Super Xuxa Contra o Baixo Astral (Super Xuxa Against the Low Happiness), that included her hit song Arco-Íris (Rainbow), a hit across Latin America that was the biggest box office success of the year in Brazil. At 13, he escaped his professors and stole a small craft to prove his ability to sail; he was subsequently caught in a tempest and had to be rescued. After becoming famous for dating soccer star Pele, she hosted Xou da Xuxa, a weekday morning show that featured musical performances, games, guests and cartoons from 1986 to 1993. He attended a religious school and was educated by the Jesuits. Some scenes with underage actors in this movie would not be allowed by current Brazilian laws concerning child pornography. Surcouf was born in December 1773 in Saint-Malo, a fortified town in Brittany, traditionally a corsair stronghold. While performing at nightclubs, she graced the centerfold of Playboy magazine's Brazilian edition in December 1982, which led to her being cast in the motion picture Amor Estranho Amor (Love Strange Love) IMDB page in which she plays a prostitute who seduces a 13 year old boy. During his lengendary career, he captured 47 ships and was renowned for his gallantry and chivalry, earning the nickname of Roi des Corsaires ("King of Privateers"). . Robert Surcouf (1773–1827) was a famous French privateer. One, for instance, involved a rented theme park, while another came with a $1,000,000 bill. See French ship Surcouf for ships name in the honour of Surcouf. Xuxa's maternal habits are often criticized, particularly as she has been very indulgent with Sasha, throwing her lavish parties. Surcouf happened to be a descendant of Duguay-Trouin on the side of his mother. Sasha studies at Brazil's most expensive school, the bilingual "Escola Americana do Rio de Janeiro" (EARJ), aslo known as the American School of Rio de Janeiro), with a tuition of about $2,000 per month. In Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World, a British ship (ironically enough) escapes a French privateer using this same trick. She had a daughter, Sasha, in 1998 whose birth was televised live. The manoeuver consisting in setting up a decoy a night by planting a lantern on a small boat was executed by Surcouf to successfully escape the British frigate HMS Sybille. Xuxa's personal life has often been very public and sometimes scandalous. The phrase "A man fights for what he lacks the most!" is said by "cap'tain Red" in Polansky's Pirates!. Xuxa has dated Pelé and the late Ayrton Senna, both regarded as important figures in Brazil. On spotting the much more powerful Kent:. Xuxa is of German, Austrian, Italian and Polish descent and was the first Brazilian to appear on Forbes Magazine's list of richest artists in 1991, taking 37th place with an annual gross income of US$19 million. Discussing with a British officer:. Her various shows have been broadcast in Portuguese, Spanish, and English languages. Xuxa born (Maria da Graça Meneghel) on March 27, 1963 in Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) is a Brazilian television actress and singer and children's television show host. 2005- Xuxinha e Guto Contra Os Monstros do Espaço. 2004 - Xuxa em O Tesouro da Cidade Perdida. 2003 - Xuxa em Abracadabra. 2002 - Xuxa e os Duendes 2. 2001 - Xuxa e os Duendes. 2000 - Xuxa Pop Star. 1999 - Xuxa Requebra. 1991 - Gaúcho Negro. 1990 - Lua de Cristal. 1990 - Xuxa e os Trapalhões e o Mistério de Hobin Hood. 1989 - A Princesa Xuxa e os Trapalhões. 1988 - Super Xuxa contra Baixo-Astral. 1985 - Os Trapalhões no reino da fantasia. 1984 - Os Trapalhoes e o Mágico de Orós. 1983 - O Trapalhão na Arca de Noé. 1982 - Amor estranho Amor. 1982 - Fuscão Preto. 2005-Xuxa Só Pra Baixinhos 6 - Xuxa Festa. 2004-Xuxa Só Pra Baixinhos 5. 2003-Xuxa Só Pra Baixinhos 4. 2002-Xuxa Só Pra Baixinhos 3. 2001-Xuxa Só Pra Baixinhos 2. 2000-Xuxa Só Pra Baixinhos. 1999-Xuxa 2000. 1998-Só Faltava Você. 1997-Boas Notícias. 1997-Arraiá da Xuxa. 1996-Tô de Bem Com A Vida. 1996-Xuxa 10 Anos. 1995-Luz No Meu Caminho. 1994-Sexto Sentido. 1993-Xuxa. 1992-Xou da Xuxa 7. 1991-Xou da Xuxa 6. 1990-Xuxa 5. Xou da Xuxa. 1989-4o. 1988-Xou da Xuxa 3. 1987-Karaokê da Xuxa. 1987-Xegundo Xou da Xuxa. 1986-Xou da Xuxa. |