Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith

The disc contained Star Wait, a documentary about Star Wars fans who had waited in line for Episodes II and III. This allows them to be trained to behave in a way that is not specifically the most natural to their breed; nevertheless, the accumulated experience of thousands of years shows that some combinations of nature and nurture are quite daunting, for instance, training whippets to guard flocks of sheep. Target stores also offered a bonus disc with the Revenge of the Sith DVD. Of course, dogs in general possess a significant ability to modify their behavior according to experience, including adapting to the behavior of their "pack leaders"—again, humans. The footage used contains no scenes from Revenge of the Sith nor does it have the changes contained in the 2004 DVD Special Edition releases. The example of canine neoteny goes even further, in that the various breeds are differently neotenized according to the type of behavior that was selected. The DVD version contains the content from the first two discs: The Story of Anakin Skywalker and The Story of Luke Skywalker. Compared to wolves, many adult dog breeds retain such juvenile characteristics as soft fuzzy fur, round torsos, large heads and eyes, ears that hang down rather than stand erect, etc.; characteristics which are shared by most juvenile mammals, and therefore generally elicit some degree of protective and nurturing behavior cross-species from most adult mammals, including humans, who term such characteristics "cute" or "appealing".

Presented in full frame with Dolby Digital 2.0 sound and running 1 hour in total, it was originally produced and released in 2004 as a 3-disc collection for the VideoNow Color personal video player. This paedomorphic selection naturally results in a retention of juvenile physical characteristics as well. The sticker on the cover describes it as "R2-D2 and C-3P0's chronicles of Luke and Anakin Skywalker". This is true of many domesticated animals, including human beings themselves, who have many characteristics similar to young bonobo. [5] As with many previous Star Wars "history" featurettes, it is hosted with newly shot footage by the droid duo, R2-D2 and C-3PO. As with many species, the young wolves are more social and less dominant than adults; therefore, the selection for these characteristics, whether deliberate or inadvertent, is more likely to result in a simple retention of juvenile characteristics into adulthood than to generate a complex of independent new changes in behavior. Wal-Mart stores included an exclusive bonus disc, entitled The Story of Star Wars, with some copies of Revenge of the Sith, when it arrived on DVD. This rapid evolution of dogs from wolves is an example of neoteny or paedomorphism.

Disc 2:. Deliberately crossing two or more breeds is also a manner of establishing new breeds. Disc 1:. However, without genetic testing of the parents, the crosses can sometimes end up inheriting genetic defects that occur in both parental breeds. [4]. Such deliberate crosses may display hybrid vigor and other desirable traits, but can also lack one or more of the desired traits of their parents, such as temperament or a particular color or coat. Together with Star Wars: Battlefront II, the DVD has earned around $280 million as of November 8, 2005. Sometimes mixed-breed dogs are deliberately bred, for example, the Cockapoo, a mixture of Cocker Spaniel and Miniature Poodle.

A playable demo of Star Wars: Battlefront II was also included on the DVD. Mixed breeds, or dogs with no purebred ancestry, are not inherently "better" or "worse" than purebred dogs as companions, pets, working dogs, or competitors in dog sports. The 15 part web documentary series, "Making Episode III", is also included in the set. Mixed-breed dogs or Mongrels are dogs that do not belong to specific breeds, being mixtures of two or more in variant percentages. The DVD includes a new full-length documentary as well as two featurettes, one which explores the prophecy of Anakin Skywalker as the Chosen One, the other looking at the movie's stunts. In February 2004, the Canine Studies Institute in Aurora, Ohio, arranged recognized breeds of dogs into ten categories. The DVD was a two-disc set, with picture and sound mastered from the original digital source material. The behavior and appearance of a dog of a particular breed can be predicted fairly accurately, while mixed-breed dogs show a broader range of innovative appearance and behavior.

Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith was released on DVD on November 1, 2005 in the United States. These problems are not limited to purebred dogs and can affect mixed-breed populations. In the latter mode, two players team up to combat increasingly difficult waves of enemies. Even prize-winning purebred dogs sometimes possess crippling genetic defects due to inbreeding. In the first mode, two players fight with characters of their choice against each other in a lightsaber duel to the death. These considerations come into play among breeders who enter their dogs in dog shows. It also has a form of multiplayer mode, which includes both "VS" and "Co-Player" mode. Other organizations define a breed more loosely, such that an individual may be considered of one breed as long as 75% of its parentage is of that breed.

After the death of Obi-Wan, Anakin proceeds to kill Palpatine, and take over the galaxy. Dogs that are bred in this manner often end up with severe health or behavioural problems. One unique and popular aspect of the game was that it included an alternate ending, which functioned as such to both the game and the movie, which involved Anakin killing Obi-Wan, instead of Obi-Wan defeating Anakin as in the movie. Some groups use a definition that ultimately requires extreme inbreeding to qualify due to the low gene pool. The style of the game was mostly lightsaber combat and fighting as Obi-Wan or Anakin. The definition of a dog breed is a matter of some controversy. However, many sections of the game featured cut scenes from the movie, or entirely new scenes for the game. Despite these differences, dogs are able to distinguish dogs from other kinds of animal.

The game followed the movie's storyline, for the most part, integrating scenes from the movie. Because of this, some breeds are highly specialized, and there is extraordinary morphological diversity across different breeds. A video game, based on the film, was released on May 5, 2005, two weeks before the film. Many of these are the product of a deliberate process of artificial selection. In addition to this, the siege of the Jedi Temple is slightly more violent than the cinematic version is. A few basic breed types have evolved gradually during the domesticated dog's relationship with man over the last 10,000 or more years, but most modern breeds are of relatively recent derivation. For example, during the Battle of Coruscant, Anakin's callsign is Red 5, a reference to Luke's callsign in the Battle of Yavin. Many dogs, especially outside the United States and Western Europe, belong to no recognized breed.

The novel includes many little details that some Star Wars fans are likely to appreciate. As all dog breeds have been derived from mixed-breed dog populations, the term "purebred" has meaning only with respect to a certain number of generations. The novelization includes much more dialog than the movie, including a conversation between Count Dooku and Darth Sidious, where the reader learns Palpatine lied to Dooku about what the Empire would truly be. There are numerous dog breeds, over 800 being recognized by various kennel clubs worldwide. A book version of the movie was written by Matthew Stover. In a number of countries around the world, apart from being kept as pets, certain breeds of dogs are slaughtered as a source of meat and specifically raised on farms for that purpose. This album was chosen as one of Amazon.com's Top 100 Editor's Picks of 2005 (#83). The relationship is theorized to have developed in this way.

The DVD features 16 music videos set to remastered selections of music from all six film scores, set chronologically through the saga. With their sharp senses, they would also be valuable as an alarm against marauding predators. The soundtrack also came with a collectors' DVD, Star Wars: A Musical Journey, at no additional cost. Canines would have been beneficial by chasing away other vermin or scavengers. A music video titled A Hero Falls was created for the film's theme, Battle of the Heroes, featuring footage from the film. Canines who attacked people or their children were likely killed or driven away, while those more friendly animals survived. John Williams was also composer and conductor of the score for the other five films in the Star Wars saga. Wild canines who scavenged around human habitations received more food than their more skittish or fearful counterparts.

The music was composed and conducted by John Williams, and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra and London Voices. It is also now generally believed that initial domestication was through mutual desire. The soundtrack to the film was released by Sony Classical on May 3, 2005, more than two weeks before the release of the film. Domestication of a wild dog may occur within one or two human generations with deliberate selective breeding. Lucas' coverage of the exterior cityscapes, skylines and interior isolation is similar to the cinematography and mis-en-scene of Roman Polanski, particularly in The Pianist, The Tenant and Rosemary's Baby, a film in which a husband makes a literal pact with the devil. Current research indicates that domestication, or the attributes of a domesticated animal, can occur much more quickly than previously believed. Midway in the film, Lucas intercuts between Anakin and Padmé by themselves, thinking about one another in the Jedi Temple and their apartment, respectively during sunset, in a sequence without dialog and complimented by a moody, synthesized soundtrack. While some dog breeds possess one of these characteristics, they rarely possess both.

McDiarmid, Lucas, and others have also called Anakin's journey to the dark side faustian in the sense of making a "pact with the devil" for short-term gain. Wolves typically have a "brush tail" and erect ears. In both cases, jealousy drives the husband to strangle his wife. The phenotypic characteristic that distinguish a wolf from a dog are tenuous. In Revenge of the Sith, Vader comes to believe that his wife, Padmé, has betrayed him to his former master, Obi-Wan. The general reproductive isolation which is required to define dogs and wolves as separate species is purely a result of lack of opportunity, stemming from a general mutual unfamiliarity, suspicion, mistrust, and fear. In Othello, the title character is led to believe by Iago that his wife has committed adultery with his confidante and lieutenant. Additionally, unintentional crossbreeding occurs simply because dogs and wolves live in the same environment.

Palpatine's scheming manipulations of Anakin have been compared by many, including McDiarmid himself, to those of Iago, the villain of Shakespeare's Othello. This interbreeding still occurs with dogs living in the Arctic region, where the attributes of the wolf that enable survival in a hostile environment are valued by humans. Lucas' editing schemes during Order 66, the slaughter of the Separatists and the declaration of the Galactic Empire is reminiscent of the montage of massacres during the christening scene of The Godfather, a film directed by mentor Francis Ford Coppola. The Eastern Timber Wolf is a direct ancestor to most, if not all, of the North American northern sled dog types. The close-ups on Grevious's and Obi-Wan's eyes is likely an homage to the work of Sergio Leone, whose protracted gunfights featured such extreme close-ups, especially in The Good, The Bad and The Ugly. The Chinese wolf is probably ancestor to the Pekingese and toy spaniels, although it is also probable that descendants of the Chinese and European wolves encountered each other over the millennia, contributing to many of the oriental toy breeds. The lightsaber duel between Obi-Wan and the four-armed skeletal cyborg General Grevious echoes similar fight sequences in Ray Harryhausen's filmography, particularly the fights involving animated skeletons and multi-armed statues in Jason and the Argonauts and the Sinbad the Sailor series. The European wolf, in turn, may have contributed many of its attributes to the Spitz dog types, most terriers, and many of today's sheepdogs.

Based on the scene in the opera, it has been speculated that either Palpatine or Plagueis manipulated the Force to create Anakin, thus being Anakin's "father", but this has been neither confirmed nor denied, and was purposefully left ambiguous. The Tibetan Mastiff is an example of an ancient breed. Also, Rotwang builds the android whose appearance heavily influenced the image of Lucas' C-3PO, who was built, in The Phantom Menace, by Anakin. The Indian wolf is also thought to have bred with descendants of the European wolf to create the Mastiffs and eventually leading to the development of such diverse breeds as the Pug, the Saint Bernard, and the Bloodhound. Both Anakin and Rotwang wear a menacing leather glove on one hand and concentrate on saving —or resurrecting— a lost loved one. Many of today's wild dogs, such as the dingo, the dhole and pariah dogs, are descended from this wolf. Anakin also bears a resemblance to a villainous character played by Klein-Rogge from a film by Lang —the mad scientist Rotwang from the classic film Metropolis. The Indian Wolf is thought to have contributed to the development of more breeds of dogs than other subspecies.

Mabuse, particularly as portrayed by German actor Rudolph Klein-Rogge in director Fritz Lang's films. For example, the Japanese wolf and the Eastern Timber Wolf posses different distinctive colouration, hunting and social structures. Palpatine's appearance and actions are also reminiscent of Dr. Although all wolves belong to the species Canis lupus, there are (or were) many subspecies that had developed a distinctive appearance, social structure, and other traits. The very idea of the individual slaughter of the Jedi, order 66, is reminiscent of the coup of the Knights Templar by Pope Clement V on Friday the thirteenth, 1307. The detailed history remains unexplored and until further evidence is available, the following section on wolf ancestors must be considered purely speculative. In Lucas' film, the wife herself is a liberal senator. Their results indicate multiple independent origins of dogs and/or of frequent interbreeding between early proto-dogs and wolves throughout a vast geographic range.

In Frankenheimer's film, the wife is the daughter of a liberal senator. Verginelli examined ancient DNA evidence from five prehistoric Italian canids carbon-dated to between 15,000 and 3,000 years old, 341 wolves from several populations worldwide, and 547 purebred dogs. Also, in both films, the brainwashed assassin eventually murders —or is led to believe he has murdered— his own wife. On balance, and in agreement with the archaeological evidence, 15,000 years ago is the most likely time for the wolf-dog divergence. Palpatine's fabrication of a Jedi "coup d'etat" is comparable to the plot of the John Frankenheimer thriller Seven Days in May, while his conversion of Anakin to the dark side and motivating him to assassinate his political enemies in order to aid his ascent to dictatorial powers are more close to the content of Frankenheimer's previous film, The Manchurian Candidate. (2005), however, suggest both sets of dates must be reevaluated in light of recent findings showing that poorly calibrated molecular clocks have systematically overestimated the age of geologically recent events. Anakin's execution of Dooku mimics the scissor-beheadings of Ridley Scott's film Gladiator, and the subsequent run across the elevator shaft walls while the spaceship is falling in battle echoes the disastrous situations of The Poseidon Adventure. Verginelli et al.

Early on the Jedi navigate their way through General Grevious' ship by traversing elevator shafts, thematically and visually echoing the tradition of post-Die Hard action movies and Lars von Trier's mini-series Riget (The Kingdom). (2002) indicated a "common origin from a single gene pool for all dog populations" between 40,000 and 15,000 years ago in East Asia. Throughout Revenge of the Sith Lucas refers to a wide range of films and other sources drawing on political, military and mythological motifs to enhance the impact of his story. Vilà, Savolainen, and colleagues (1997) concluded that dogs split off from wolves between 75,000 and 135,000 years ago, while a subsequent analysis by Savolainen et al. Worldwide gross eventually reached $848,466,209, ranking 12th all-time and the 2nd worldwide in 2005, right behind Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.. Genetic analyses have so far yielded divergent results. Revenge of the Sith was released in 115 countries. Dog burials at the Mesolithic cemetery of Svaerdborg in Denmark suggest that in ancient Europe dogs were valued companions.

history.). Rock art and skeletal remains indicate that by 14,000 years ago, dogs were present from North Africa across Eurasia to North America. (Taking ticket-price inflation into account, it is the 55th highest grossing movie in U.S. Remains of smaller dogs from Mesolithic (Natufian) cave deposits in the Middle East, dated to around 12,000 years ago, have been interpreted as descendants of a lighter Southwest Asian wolf, Canis lupus arabs. Its total of $380,270,577 ranks it 7th all-time domestically, the highest-grossing movie of 2005 by a margin of over $100 million. Their likely ancestor is the large northern Holarctic wolf, Canis lupus lupus. It apparently stopped running in domestic theaters on October 20, 2005. The earliest dog fossils, two crania from Russia and a mandible from Germany, date from 13,000 to 17,000 years ago.

It was the third fastest (after Shrek 2 and Spider-Man) to reach $350 million. Domesticated dogs may have interbred with local populations of wild wolves on several occasions (so-called introgression). It became the only film to tie Spider-Man 2's record of eight days to $200 million, and with $25,088,336 in its third weekend (June 3-5) it had passed $300 million on Saturday, its 17th day, surpassing the record of 18 days held by Shrek 2. Fossil bone morphologies and genetic analysis of current and ancient dog and wolf populations have not yet been able to conclusively determine whether all dogs descend from a single domestication event, or whether dogs were domesticated independently in more than one location. It joins Spider-Man, The Matrix Reloaded and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire as the only movies to make $100 million in three days. Converging archaeological and genetic evidence indicate a time of domestication in the late Upper Paleolithic close to the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary, between 17,000 and 14,000 years ago. It totaled $158.5 million in its first four-day period, surpassing the previous four-day record held by The Matrix Reloaded ($134.3 million) and making it the second highest grossing movie of 2005 after just four days in release (behind Hitch, $177.6 million, which it passed on its fifth day). Wolf remains have been found in association with hominid remains dating from 400,000 years ago.

According to the box office prediction and analysis site Box Office Mojo, Revenge of the Sith set domestic records for highest gross in a given number of days for each of at least its first twelve days of release except for the seventh and eighth, where the record is narrowly held by Spider-Man 2. The relationship between man and canine has deep roots. This broke several box office records:. As reflected in the nomenclature, dogs are a subspecies of wolf and are thus still able to interbreed. In total, it earned a record $50 million on its opening day. Molecular systematics indicate that the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) descends from one or more populations of wild wolves (Canis lupus). The film earned an estimated $16.5 million from 2,900 midnight screenings in North America upon its release. In the UK, it is illegal to kill dogs, even if they are on your private land; you are required to contact your local Police Force, DogsTrust, or the local branch of the RSPCA, who will arrange its collection.

One nomination:. Feral dogs often form predatory packs that attack livestock and occasionally also prove dangerous to humans. One nomination:. Abandoned domestic dogs who become feral are particularly dangerous; they lack the survival skills of wild canines, as well as the genetic and learned fear of the humans' world. In contrast with the previous two prequels, these flaws are generally seen as minor and not obtrusive to the film. Bodies are sometimes tied to fences as warning to other dogs, especially in rural United States and Canada. As with earlier prequels, many felt that Lucas did not draw out the potential of Natalie Portman's performance, but this is partially because her entire sub-plot (as a founding member of the Rebel Alliance, alongside Bail Organa and Mon Mothma) was cut from the film-- it's restored in the DVD, however. Wild dogs are shot by farmers in an effort to protect livestock.

Many critics were pleased with the acting, however, with Christensen's depiction of a more mature Anakin Skywalker and Ian McDiarmid's charismatic turn as the ascendant Chancellor Palpatine receiving the most acclaim. The same creatures that wolves, coyotes, and foxes attack as prey, especially sheep and poultry, are similarly attractive prey to dogs. Despite the generally positive reception, many critics asserted Lucas' continued weakness with dialogue in general, particularly with the romantic plot-line. In most jurisdictions, dogs are destroyed for killing other creatures, so dogs should be prevented from any encounter with livestock or wildlife that might lead to a predatory response. Lucas has directed," and equal to The Empire Strikes Back as "the richest and most challenging movie in the cycle.". With formidable skills and weapons as hunters as well as large and unfussy appetites, dogs often menace livestock and wildlife. Scott of the New York Times concluded that it was "the best of the four episodes Mr. Canine aggression upon humans is ordinarily not tolerated, but any human aggression against an animal having formidable means of self-defense is foolhardy in the extreme.

O. There are hundreds of shades of provocation that may or may not lead to an attack upon a human. A. Provocation can range from something as seemingly innocuous as a toddler pulling a dog's tail, in which case the dog might nip to discourage the behavior, to something completely inobvious to humans, such as an odor or a movement that sets a dog off, to blatant human aggression or violence towards a dog, causing it to defend itself. Some critics have noted that they view it to be the best of the prequels, while other reviewers have judged it to be the best Star Wars film since Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back. However, their sharp teeth and claws can inflict injury in an attack; a large dog can knock a human down. Film review site Rotten Tomatoes gave it a rating of 82% based on 229 reviews, compared to the 63% and 65% received by Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace and Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones, respectively. After thousands of years of domestication and selective breeding for dogs whose aggression towards humans goes no further than a ferocious bark that strongly indicates dislike of a human behavior, most dogs are unlikely to attack people.

Critical reaction towards the film was largely enthusiastic, especially in comparison to the two previous prequels. Animals are often given attributes such as "loyal", "cute", and "guardian", but these all have the potential to lure people into a false sense of security. A New Hope also contained a very mild amount of what some consider adult language, such as "damn" and "hell." Revenge of the Sith contains no such content. Humans have a tendency to anthropomorphize animals, particularly pets such as dogs, which are generally portrayed as being "man's best friend". A New Hope was originally rated G, but its rating was deliberately pushed up in order to attract a broader audience. More research is needed to determine the intelligence level of dogs, and the motivations behind their responses to their masters. All previously released films in the series, except for A New Hope, were rated PG. Despite understandably positive interpretations by dog owners, it is questionable whether these animals are truly capable of feeling emotions on a human level.

Due to its dark undertones and scenes of violence, Revenge of the Sith is the first and only Star Wars film to receive a PG-13 rating from the MPAA. Nevertheless, it is often unwise to anthropomorphize the responses of dogs. Both rips are widely spread and available in popular P2P networks. Some research demonstrates that dogs are able to convey a depth of emotion not seen to the same extent in any other animal; this is purportedly due to their closely-knit development with modern man, and the survival-benefits of such communication as dogs became more dependent on humans for sustenance. Then, on June 4th, 2005, an Internal Xvid Rip version of the film was leaked into P2P file sharing networks as well, which was the final, theatrical cut of the movie seen in theaters, and was a much higher fidelity version of the film than the workprint one, although still not quite as good as the theatrical release, and was also wasn't a Telecine transfer yet, due to vibrations and frame-skips during certain moments in the movie. Many dogs are reported to have separation anxiety if their owner is away for an extended period of time. The movie was a time-stamped workprint, suggesting it may have come from within the industry rather than from someone who videotaped an advance screening. Empirically, dogs are quite dependent on human companionship and may suffer poor health in its absence.

A copy of the movie leaked into P2P file sharing networks just hours after opening in theaters. Many dog owners consider having unconditional acceptance from a friend who is always happy to see them to be quite utilitarian, particularly if the dog also leads them to regular exercise. Most of them took advantage of an offer to see the film at a nearby cinema, the Arclight. Consequently, dogs are popular as pets and companions, independent of any utilitarian considerations. However, a line of people stood there for more than a month hoping to convince someone to change this. Relationships between humans and dogs are often characterized by strong emotional bonds. Grauman's Chinese Theatre, a traditional venue for the Star Wars films, did not show it. Excitement is evident as they see the hunters load weapons, take to the field, and begin the hunt.

The global outplacement firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas claimed before the premiere that it may have cost the US economy approximately US$627 million because of employees who took a day off or reported in sick. Hunters with dogs report the satisfaction that the dogs seem to exhibit. It was released in most other countries on May 19, six years to the day after the release of The Phantom Menace (A New Hope and Return of the Jedi were also released on the same day, six years apart). Many hound breeds are excellent at treeing raccoons during hunting season. Revenge of the Sith premiered at the Cannes Film Festival (out of competition) on 15 May 2005. When trained, beagles are particularly adept at chasing through thick briars and brush after rabbits. The Revenge of the Sith novel was released two months before the premiere and the actual script was leaked on the Internet a few days later. They typically have large, gentle muzzles to mitigate any potential damage to the game.

Many times the stars, and Lucas himself, were spotted on the cam. They can follow hand, verbal, and whistle commands at great distance as the hunter directs them to the downed bird. Not only did Hyperspace members receive special articles, but they also received many other benefits, such as a webcam, which transmitted a new image every 20 seconds during the time it was on from Fox Studios Australia. At command, they dive into the icy water, swim out and retrieve the birds one by one. Members of Hyperspace, the Official Star Wars Fan Club, received a special look into the production. They can spend long hours in a duck blind and, after the hunter has fired at multiple ducks or geese, they can visually spot and remember the location of downed birds. According to an interview with Hayden Christensen in Playboy magazine, playwright Tom Stoppard did an uncredited rewrite and dialogue polish on the script. As water dogs, the retrievers are unsurpassed.

It is rumored that the scenes he worked on included the Yoda/Palpatine battle and a part of the Mustafar duel. Once the hunter approaches, at his command they will flush the birds to fly and for the hunter to shoot at. Lucas sent over an animatics artist to assist him. They have a native ability to discover and "hold" upland game birds; to freeze them momentarily on the ground with their silent, elongated pointing stance. This happened when a project of his fell through and he had some spare time. Setters in particular have a long history as upland gun dogs. Lucas confirmed in an interview that Steven Spielberg tinkered with several action sequences in Sith. This often strengthens the bond between human and dog, since they must trust one another in a variety of environments and must learn how the other works and thinks.

The long process of post-production continued until weeks before the film was released in 2005. Many people compete with their dogs in a variety of dog sports, including agility, flyball, and many others. George Lucas finished the script of the film only five days before the beginning of principal photography. Dogs are also used for searching for or rescuing people and animals, such as in avalanches, at disaster sites, and for missing people or pets. Principal photography on the film occurred from June 30 to September 17, 2003 at Fox Studios Australia. Most modern working dogs are put in positions which capitalize on their sensory or strength and endurance advantages over normal humans. The film was produced with a budget of US$113 million, making it the least expensive of the three prequel films. Dogs have served as guides for the blind, as commandos, and have flown into outer space.

It was later adapted into a script from 2003 to 2004. There are service dogs, guard dogs, hunting dogs, and herding dogs. The film's story was written by Lucas, in the form of a basic plot outline, in 1973. Many breeds of dogs, but not least German Shepherd, Labrador Retriever, and Border Collie are commonly used as working dogs. She claimed this was because she posed for the June 2005 issue of Playboy magazine, whose appearance on newsstands coincided with the movie's May release, but Lucas denied this, stating that the cut had been made more than a year earlier, and that he had cut his own daughter's scenes as well. An assertive dog may consider itself the alpha animal, considering its human master to be subordinate. Bai Ling filmed minor scenes for the film playing the role of a senator, but her role was cut during editing. The dog is always aware of its rank relative to other individuals in the group.

(However, the final storyline in the Republic comic series reveals that Vos escaped this initial attack.). Dogs thrive in human society because their relationships with humans mimic their natural social patterns. Expanded Universe character Quinlan Vos' death scene was never filmed, though his death was implied (but not explicitly shown) in the comic adaptation. Dog society can be thought of as dog packs characterized by a companionate hierarchy, in which each individual has a rank, and in which there is intense loyalty within the group. The death scene of Shaak Ti is a DVD deleted scene. Dogs thrive in small social groups or packs which, from their viewpoint, can include humans. The deaths of Barriss Offee and Luminara Unduli were either cut from the film or never filmed in the first place. The relationship between dogs and humans is rooted in history and dogs coexist with humans in a variety of ways.

Many Order 66 scenes were cut. Most dog owners have a large collection of stories about their dogs recognizing individuals by their footsteps outside the door, and so on. The scene where Yoda arrives on Dagobah to begin his self-imposed exile was also cut, but is featured in a deleted scene in the DVD release. This ability to read and deliver nonverbal cues makes dogs expert at reading human beings, as well, often even more so than other humans are, who rely on language. (Due to the dating supported by Expanded Universe sources, and the fact that Chewbacca is still on Kashyyyk at the time, the pilot of the Falcon in the cameo is the previous owner(s) to Lando Calrissian and Han Solo, as Lando and Han were children at the time.) It is one of the ships landing in the background. Physiologically, this correlates with such features as a large number of nerves innervating the facial muscles of dogs, allowing subtle control of a wide variety of facial expressions; in contrast to cats, for instance, who have many fewer nerves governing their facial muscles, resulting in a smaller repertoire or "vocabulary" of expressions. However, the Millennium Falcon makes an appearance in the scene in which Anakin and Obi-wan return to Coruscant. The requirements of coordinating complex social behavior requires that canines have the ability to sense and deliver a wide variety of cues via body language, more so than for even humans, who can use language for the same purpose.

George Lucas wrote early drafts of the script in which a 10-year-old Han Solo appeared, but the role was never cast or shot. All dogs have a tremendous capacity to learn complex social behavior and to interpret varied body language and sounds, and, like many predators, can react to and learn from novel situations. Scenes with Captain Needa and Mon Mothma were deleted. Gastric torsion and bloat is a dangerous problem in some large-chested breeds. Ultimately, his audition was never chosen. Dogs are also susceptible to the same ailments that humans are, including diabetes, epilepsy, cancer, and arthritis. According to him, Gary Oldman is a friend of Rick McCallum, and recorded an audition as a favor to him. Some breeds of dogs are also prone to certain genetic ailments, such as hip dysplasia, luxating patellas, cleft palate, blindness, or deafness.

Matthew Wood, who ultimately voiced Grievous, disputed this story at Celebration III, held in Indianapolis. Internal parasites include hookworms, tapeworms, roundworms, and heartworms. Out of respect and solidarity with the other members of the guild, he chose to back out of the role rather than violate the union's rules. Common external parasites are various species of fleas, ticks, and mites. However, complications arose during contract negotiations after Oldman learned the film was to be made outside of the Screen Actor's Guild, of which he is a member. Diseases commonly associated with dogs include rabies (hydrophobia), canine parvovirus, and canine distemper, and pulmonic stenosis, although there are many others. Gary Oldman was originally approached to provide the voice of General Grievous, and he accepted. Dogs are susceptible to various diseases, ailments, and poisons, some of which affect humans in the same way, others of which are unique to dogs.

Also in the movie was Jeremy Bulloch (Boba Fett in the original trilogy), who played a speaking role as Captain Colton, the pilot of the Rebel Blockade Runner Tantive IV. It is said that the animals, not just dogs, could sense the tsunami and could therefore flee for life. Nick Gillard, the stunt coordinator, plays a character named Cin Drallig (his name spelled backwards). For example, during the tsunami in Southern Asia recently, many animals were seen days before fleeing to the hills. Much of the crew also make cameos in the film. The evolutionary ability of sensing weather can be traced back to when wolves used it to move the pack into proper shelter before a dangerous storm. His three children also play cameos: his son, Jett, as a young Jedi-in-training called Zett Jukassa killed defending the Jedi Temple against clone troopers; his daughter, Amanda, as a character called Terr Taneel, seen in the security hologram; and daughter Katie as a blue-skinned alien called Chi Eekway, visible when Palpatine arrives at the Senate after being saved by the Jedi, and talking to Baron Papanoida at the Opera House. This is due to their keen ability to detect fluctuations in barometric pressure and can explain a dog's anxiety before and during a storm.

It marks Lucas' first and only appearance in any of the Star Wars films. Dogs also have the ability to sense inclement weather (mainly thunderstorms) many miles away. George Lucas makes an appearance at the Coruscant Opera House as a blue faced being named Baron Papanoida, that can be seen outside Palpatine's box. It has been observed that a lost dog can often find its way home, sometimes traveling over long distances. The film concludes with Beru, Luke, and Owen staring out over the desert at Tatooine's twin suns. An intensive search for a scent, for instance searching a ship for contraband, can actually be very fatiguing for a dog, and the dog must be motivated to continue this hard work for a long period of time. In space, onboard a Star Destroyer, Darth Vader and the Emperor oversee what is either the construction of the first Death Star or the Death Star prototype.^[1] Leia is brought to Alderaan to live with the Queen, and Luke is brought to Tatooine to live with Owen and Beru. In any event, it is established by those who train tracking dogs that it is impossible to teach the dog how to track any better than it does naturally; the object instead is to motivate it properly, and teach it to maintain focus on a single track and ignore any others that might otherwise seem of greater interest to an untrained dog.

On Naboo, Padme's parents hold her funeral. The characteristics and behavior of these two types of scent trail would seem, after some thought, to be quite different, the air scent being intermittent but perhaps less obscured by competing scents, whereas the ground scent would be relatively permanent with respect to careful and repetitive search by the dog, but would seem to be much more contaminated with other scents. Obi-Wan and Yoda will watch and wait until the time is ready for the Skywalker children to do their part in the battle against the Sith. What information a dog actually detects when he is scenting is not perfectly understood; although once a matter of debate, it now seems to be well established that dogs can distinguish two different types of scents when trailing, an air scent from some person or thing that has recently passed by, as well as a ground scent that remains detectable for a much longer period. Aboard the Tantive IV, Obi-Wan, Yoda, and Bail Organa agree to keep the children hidden and separated. Some breeds have been selectively bred for excellence in detecting scents, even compared to their canine brethren. When Palpatine tells Vader that he killed Padmé, Vader unleashes a furious scream in a rage that distorts and destroys droids and equipment in the room. Dogs have nearly 220 million smell-sensitive cells over an area about the size of a pocket handkerchief (compared to 5 million over an area the size of a postage stamp for humans).

On Coruscant, occurring simultaneously in the film with the birth of his children, Vader is given a special suit that keeps him alive. They can identify a sound's location much faster than a human can, and they can hear sounds up to four times the distance that humans can. Just before she dies, Padmé says there is still good in Anakin. Dogs detect sounds as low as the 16 to 20 Hz frequency range (compared to 20 to 70 Hz for humans) and as high as 70,000 to 100,000 Hz (compared to 20,000 Hz for humans)², and in addition have a degree of ear mobility that helps them to rapidly pinpoint the exact location of a sound. Padmé gives them the names Luke and Leia. Some breeds, particularly the best sighthounds, have a field of vision up to 270° (compared to 100° to 120° for humans), although broad-headed breeds with their eyes set forward have a much narrower field of vision, as low as 180°.^{1, 2}. However, they manage to save her babies—she delivers twins, a boy and a girl. Because the lenses of dogs' eyes are flatter than humans', they cannot see as much detail; on the other hand, their eyes are more sensitive to light and motion than humans' eyes.

Padmé is given medical assistance, but although she is physically intact, her will to live is gone and she dies. It has also been suggested that dogs see in varieties of purple/violet and yellow shades. Later, Palpatine arrives at Mustafar with a squad of clone troopers, and they rescue Vader from the brink of death. Dogs were thought to be dichromats and thus, by human standards, color blind.^{1, 2} New research is now being explored that suggests that dogs may actually see some colour, but not to the extent that humans do. After picking up Vader's lightsaber, Obi-Wan leaves Mustafar with the badly-injured Padmé. Dogs are predators and scavengers, possessing sharp teeth and strong jaws for attacking, holding, and tearing their food. He ignites into flames, sustaining near-fatal third-degree burns and severe lung damage. Within the range of extremes, dogs generally share attributes with their wild ancestors, the wolves.

Vader tumbles down the embankment and rolls to a stop at the edge of the lava. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Obi-Wan soon gains the advantage of higher ground, and, when Vader attempts to jump over his former master, Obi-Wan cuts off both of his legs and his left arm. Many veterinarians recommend that owners neuter/spay their pets around the age of 5 months. The fierce lightsaber duel continues between Obi-Wan and Darth Vader. A female dog can become pregnant on her first heat cycle (which can take place as early as six months), and should be kept away from intact male dogs, including littermates, over the age of 4 months. With clone troopers coming to aid Palpatine, Yoda makes the heart-wrenching decision to retreat, and escapes with the help of Bail Organa. Contrary to myth, it is not required for a female dog to either experience a heat cycle or have puppies before spaying, and likewise, a male dog does not need the experience of mating before neutering; these myths are responsible for numerous unnecessary health problems and unwanted puppies.

In a ferocious contest of Force powers both are flung apart, Yoda falling to the floor of the Senate chamber. The hormonal changes involved are sure to change the animal's personality somewhat, and some object to this angle as the sterilization in itself could be carried out without the excision of organs. In the Senate building, Yoda confronts Palpatine and the two engage in a fierce battle. Spaying and neutering can also help prevent hormone-driven diseases such as breast cancer and prostate cancer, as well as undesired hormone-driven behaviors. Obi-Wan and Vader break into a ferocious lightsaber duel. It is also common for adult stray dogs who are placed in animal shelters to be euthanized due to lack of space and resources. Enraged, he uses the Force to choke Padmé unconscious. Unwanted puppies are abandoned, eaten, or sometimes disposed of in an inhumane fashion.

Vader sees Obi-Wan emerge from Padmé's ship, and suspects her of betraying him to his former Master. Dog experts advise that dogs not intended for further breeding should be spayed or neutered so that they do not have undesired puppies. Horrified, Padmé realizes that Obi-Wan's story was true. Spaying or neutering refers to the removal of the male testicles or the female ovaries and uterus, in order to remove the capability to procreate, and to kill the libido. Padmé wants to leave public life to live together and raise their child, but Vader tells her that he has brought peace to the Republic, and that he can overthrow Palpatine so he and Padmé can rule the galaxy together. For example, the Bulldog often requires artificial insemination and almost always requires cesarean section for giving birth. When the couple reunite on Mustafar, they embrace. Some breeds have been developed to emphasize certain physical traits beyond the point at which they can safely bear litters on their own.

Unbeknown to her, Obi-Wan secretly boards the ship just before it takes off. Since a mother can only provide nutrients and care to a limited number of offspring, humans must assist in the care and feeding when the litter exceeds approximately eight puppies. Padmé later departs to Mustafar to see her husband. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. Obi-Wan meets with Padmé and tells her that Anakin has turned to the Dark Side, but Padmé refuses to reveal where Vader is. Dogs bear their litters roughly 9 weeks after fertilization. On Mustafar, Vader is initially greeted by Viceroy Nute Gunray, however Vader immediately attacks the Separatist leaders and their small force of guards, ending the slaughter by killing Gunray. This rule is altered in domesticated animals since larger litters are often favoured for economic reasons.

Yoda says they have no choice but to destroy the Sith. A general rule of thumb is that a mammal will produce half as many offspring as the number of teats on the mother. Obi-Wan looks into the security recordings and sees Vader slaughtering the Jedi and then kneeling to Palpatine. The different rates of maturation are responsible for the menarche, not the chronological age. In the Jedi Temple, Obi-Wan and Yoda reconfigure a signal to warn all Jedi to keep away. Like most mammals, the age that a bitch first comes into season is mostly a function of her current body weight as a proportion of her body weight when fully mature. Palpatine informs the Senate of a Jedi plot to overthrow the Republic and announces that the Republic will be reorganized into the Galactic Empire. Most bitches come into season for the first time between 6 and 12 months, although some larger breeds delay until as late as 2 years.

Senator Bail Organa rescues Obi-Wan and Yoda, and brings them to the Jedi Temple before heading to the Senate building. Conversely, undomesticated canine species experience estrus once a year, typically in late winter. Vader later goes to Padmé and tells her the Jedi have tried to take over the Republic. This is also called in season or in heat. With a battalion of clone troopers, Darth Vader eradicates the Jedi in the Jedi Temple. The amount of time between cycles varies greatly among different dogs, but a particular dog's cycle tends to be consistent through her life. Ki-Adi-Mundi, Aayla Secura, Barriss Offee, Luminara Unduli, Plo Koon, Stass Allie, and other numerous Jedi across the galaxy are exterminated, but Yoda and Obi-Wan barely manage to survive. The ability of female domestic dog to come into estrus at any time of the year and usually twice a year is also valued.

Palpatine orders clone troopers across the galaxy to turn against their Jedi Generals. In domestic dogs, one of the behaviours that is noted is the abolition of the pair bond seen in wild canines. Palpatine orders Vader to go to the Jedi Temple and kill all the Jedi within, then to go to the Mustafar system and kill Viceroy Gunray and the other Separatist leaders. As with most domesticated species, one of the first and strongest effects seen from selective breeding is selection for cooperation with the breeding process as directed by humans. Palpatine takes Anakin as his Sith apprentice, and christens him with the Sith name Darth Vader. Dog owners may accidentally allow their pets to breed without regard to bloodlines. Shocked, in pain, and caught off guard, Windu is consumed by Palpatine's Force lightning, forcing him out the window and killing him. Dog breeders also have accurate information on the complexities of the reproductive process for the breed of dog that they are accustomed to handling.

Sensing that Palpatine was trying to corrupt Anakin, Mace tells Anakin not to believe him, but Anakin believes that the only way to save his wife is to keep the Chancellor alive, so he attacks Windu by cutting off his weapon hand. Dog breeders have access to records which allow them to accurately guess which characteristics will "breed true" in a particular dog. Just as Windu is about to kill the Chancellor, Palpatine tries to convince Anakin that the Jedi were really trying to take over. Breeders who do this are usually experienced in this process. As Palpatine and Windu engage in a lightsaber duel, Anakin arrives. Sometimes dogs are bred to create puppies to sell, or sometimes to carry on an award-winning purebred line. Windu attempts to arrest the Chancellor, but Palpatine lunges with a fierce lightsaber attack which kills Agen Kolar, Kit Fisto, and Saesee Tiin (who were assigned to accompany him). Among professional breeders, dogs are only allowed to mate for a specific purpose.

Anakin tells Jedi Master Mace Windu about Palpatine's true identity. Dogs also may find some poisons attractive, including antifreeze and snail bait. Upon realizing this, Anakin threatens to kill Palpatine, but instead decides to expose him to the Jedi Council. Alcoholic beverages pose much the same temptation and hazard to dogs as to humans. Meanwhile, Anakin discovers that Palpatine is the Sith Lord, Darth Sidious. Some human medications, such as acetaminophen/paracetamol (Tylenol), are highly toxic to dogs. Obi-Wan retrieves the droid's blaster and shoots the General several times in the chest, killing him, then tosses the blaster on the ground, muttering that it was, "so uncivilized.". Some foods commonly enjoyed by humans are dangerous to dogs, including chocolate (Theobromine poisoning), onions, grapes and raisins, Macadamia nuts, and hops.

Obi-Wan manages to break open Grievous's loose chestplate, exposing the living organs in his chest. For a discussion on one use of treats in training, see clicker training. After a long chase through the Utapauian city, Obi-Wan catches Grievous at his private hangar, where they yet again fight. Such dogs might consider anything dropped by humans, including small but indigestible objects (such as marbles, coins, rings, etc.), to be treats as well, which could be dangerous to the dogs when ingested. At this moment, the Clone Army arrives, forcing Grievous to retreat on his Wheel Bike. Many dogs consider anything given to them directly by hand to be a treat, even the food they are accustomed to at meal time. Undaunted by the General's four-saber technique, Obi-wan quickly finds an opening in Grievous's defences and slices off two of his four hands. Eating grass might make the dog vomit, so one explanation is that dogs eat grass to remove unwanted content from their stomachs.

After witnessing an argument between Grievous and Nute Gunray, he emerges from the shadows on top of a walkway and quickly disposes of Grievous's personal bodyguards before engaging Grievous himself. Explanations abound, but rationales such as that it neutralizes acid are just guesses. Obi-Wan is sent to Utapau to find General Grievous. Dogs sometimes eat grass, a harmless activity. This intrigues Anakin, due to his nightmares regarding Padmé. This research is also true of other mammals. Palpatine says the ability to save people from death is something that can be learned, but not from a Jedi. It has also been noted that extremely stressful conditions, such as the Iditarod race and scientific studies of similar conditions, suggest that high-protein diets including meat help prevent damage to muscle tissue.

Palpatine subtly manipulates Anakin in their discussions, making him distrust the Jedi. In the wild these diets are typically pursued in the absence of available meat. Later at an opera house, Anakin arrives and Palpatine tells him the story of an old Sith legend; the story of Darth Plagueis the wise. Some sources suggest that a dog fed on a stict vegetarian diet may develop dilated cardiomyopathy since it lacks L-carnitine.^[3]. As the Chancellor's bodyguard, Anakin builds a close friendship with Palpatine. Domestic dogs can survive healthily on a reasonable and carefully designed vegetarian diet, particularly if eggs and milk products are included. Later, Obi-Wan privately tells Anakin that the Council wants him to spy on the Chancellor because they believe that he is corrupt. Wild canines not only eat available plants to obtain key amino acids, but may also obtain nutrients from vegetable matter from the stomach contents of their herbivorous prey.

This enfuriates Anakin, who believes it to be an insult. Dogs are able to healthily digest a variety of foods including vegetables and grains, and in fact can consume a large proportion of these in their diet. The Council agrees with the Chancellor's appointment, however Anakin is not made a Jedi Master. Unlike an obligate carnivore, such as a cat, a dog is not dependent on meat protein in order to fulfill its dietary requirements. Chancellor Palpatine makes Anakin his representative on the Jedi Council. The classification in the Order Carnivora does not necessarily mean that a dog's diet must be restricted to meat. However, Anakin is troubled by visions of Padmé dying in childbirth, visions like those he had of his mother before she died. Presently, there is academic discussion as to whether domestic dogs are omnivores or carnivores.

Despite Padmé's worries, as they have kept their love and their marriage secret, Anakin is overjoyed at this news, and the couple make plans to raise their child. For a detailed discussion on what dog intelligence is, see dog intelligence. Upon his return planetside, Anakin is reunited with his wife, Padmé Amidala, and she informs him of her pregnancy. Anecdotal evidence suggests that dogs have a reasonably high intelligence. Unable to leave the cruiser, which has been damaged in an engagement with the Republic fleet, Anakin crash-lands the ship on one of Coruscant's landing fields. Among dog lovers, dogs are generally valued for their intelligence. Anakin and Obi-Wan try to capture Grevious, eliminating most of the bridge crew in the process; Grevious escapes, however, launching the ship's escape pods. They have small, tight feet, and walk on their toes.

Anakin, Obi-Wan, and the Chancellor attempt to escape the ship, but are captured by General Grevious, leader of the droid army, and taken to the bridge. Its skeleton provides the ability to run and leap. Palpatine reassures him that Tyranus was too dangerous to be kept alive. Like most other predatory mammals, the dog has powerful muscles, a cardiovascular system that supports both sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching, holding, and tearing. Anakin immediately expresses regret; to kill a foe who surrenders is not the way of the Jedi. Although selective breeding has changed the appearance of many breeds, all dogs retain the basic ingredients from their distant ancestors. Palpatine urges Anakin to kill Tyranus, and despite Anakin's reservations, he does. Many additional terms are used for dogs that are not purebred; see Terms for mixed-breed dogs.

In the ensuing lightsaber duel, Anakin defeats Tyranus by amputating his hands. The word is sometimes used to refer collectively to any mammal belonging to the family Canidae (as in "the dog family"), such as wolves, foxes and coyotes. They make their way to the observatory were Chancellor Palpatine is being held captive by Darth Tyranus (Count Dooku). Dog, in common usage, refers to the domestic pet dog, Canis lupus familiaris (originally classified as Canis familiaris by Linnaeus in 1758, but reclassified as a subspecies of the wolf, Canis lupus, by the Smithsonian Institution and the American Society of Mammalogists in 1993). During the space battle, Obi-Wan's ship is damaged by two buzz droids and the two Jedi crash into the hangar of the The Invisible Hand, where the Chancellor is held hostage. . The camera tracks down from a blinding Coruscanti sun, to reveal a Venator-class Star Destroyer, with two Jedi Starfighters flying alongside it. In other cultures, some dogs are used as food.

Jedi Knights Anakin Skywalker and Obi-Wan Kenobi lead a mission to rescue him. Dogs have lived with and worked with humans in so many roles that their loyalty has earned them the sobriquet "man's best friend." Conversely, some cultures consider dogs to be unclean. Chancellor Palpatine has been kidnapped by the Separatists second-in-command, General Grievous. In many countries, the most common and perhaps most important role of dogs is as companions. The opening crawl reveals that the galaxy is in the midst of war. For dogs that do not have traditional jobs, a wide range of dog sports provide the opportunity to exhibit their natural skills. . Dogs fill a variety of roles in human society and are often trained as working dogs.

It broke several box office records in its opening week, and went on to earn over US$ 850 million worldwide, making it the highest grossing film of 2005 in the U.S., the 2nd highest grossing film of 2005 worldwide (right behind Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire), and the 12th highest grossing worldwide film of all time. Dogs, like humans, are highly social animals and pack hunters; this similarity in their overall behavioral pattern accounts for their trainability, playfulness, and ability to fit into human households and social situations. Released on May 19, 2005, the film was generally positively received by critics, especially in contrast to the two previous prequels. For example, heights at the withers range from just a few inches (such as the Chihuahua) to roughly three feet (such as the Irish Wolfhound), and colors range from white to black, with reds, grays (usually called blue), and browns occurring in a tremendous variation of patterns. As the final film to be released in the series, it bridges the gap between the original trilogy and prequel trilogy of the Star Wars epic. In this time, the dog has developed into hundreds of breeds with a great degree of variation. When the sinister Sith, led by Darth Sidious, unveil a thousand-year-old plot to rule the galaxy, the fate of Anakin Skywalker, the Jedi order, and the entire galaxy is at stake. Dogs were first domesticated from wolves at least 15000 years ago[1] but perhaps as long as 150,000 years ago based on recent genetic fossil evidence and DNA evidence^[2].

Three years after the onset of the Clone Wars, the noble Jedi Knights have been leading a massive clone army into a galaxy-wide battle against the Separatists. The dog is a canine mammal of the Order Carnivora. Among fans, it is commonly referred to as ROTS. It too has the body plan of an adult canine predator. It was the sixth and final film to be released in the Star Wars saga, but it is the third part of the series by chronology of events. The least paedomorphic behavior pattern may be that of the basenji, bred in Africa to hunt alongside humans almost on a peer basis; this breed is often described as highly independent, neither needing nor appreciating a great deal of human attention or nurturing, often described as "catlike" in its behavior. Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith is a 2005 science fiction film written and directed by George Lucas. Terriers similarly have adult aggressive behavior, famously coupled with a lack of juvenile submission, and display correspondingly adult physical features such as erect ears, although many breeds have also been selected for size and sometimes dwarfed legs to enable them to pursue prey in their burrows.

Until a further source fully explains this, the issue remains disputed. This contrasts with sighthounds, who pursue and attack perceived prey on sight, and who maintain the mature canine body type with erect ears, lean bodies, and adult coats. Anderson's novels Jedi Search and Champions of the Force explain that a prototype Death Star was built in preparation of construction of the first Death Star in A New Hope, which would give another explanation for why the first Death Star took so long to build, in contrast with the second Death Star from Return of the Jedi. Scenthounds maintain an intermediate body type and behavior pattern that causes them to actually pursue prey by tracking their scent, but tend to refrain from actual individual attacks in favor of vocally summoning the pack leaders (in this case, humans) to do the job. However, Kevin J. Their physical characteristics are closer to that of the mature wild canine than the sheepdog breeds, but they typically do not have erect ears, etc. He goes on to say that it would be "a bit of a stretch," but explains that due to "union disputes and supply problems," it took 19 years to build. Similarly, they seize dead or wounded prey and bring it back to the "pack", even though they did not attack it themselves, that is, "retrieving" behavior.

He explains that it was the exact same one as seen in A New Hope. They identify potential prey and freeze into immobility, for instance, but refrain from then stalking the prey as an adult predator would do next; this results in the "pointing" behavior for which such dogs are bred. ^ In the DVD commentary for Revenge of the Sith, Lucas makes an offhand comment regarding the first Death Star. Gun dog breeds used in hunting—that is, pointers, setters, spaniels, and retrievers—have an intermediate degree of paedomorphism; they are at the point where they share in the pack's hunting behavior, but are still in a junior role, not participating in the actual attack. Halbfinger, New York Times, May 19, 2005. (Compare to the physical appearance of the border collie, a sheep herding dog, whose physical configuration is closer to that of an adult wild canine and who therefore has a greater capacity to frighten sheep into a desired pattern of movement, along with the more adult aggressive temperament to do so). ^ Latest 'Star Wars' Movie Is Quickly Politicized by David M. In addition, they retain very juvenile physical characteristics such as round bodies and heads, soft coats, ears that hang down, and so on, which do not elicit fear responses from the sheep in the way that an appearance similar to that of an adult wolf would.

^ Box Office Mojo - Star Wars: Episode III. Livestock guardian dogs retain the most juvenile characteristics: they stay close to home with their foster "litter" (which might include a flock of sheep), rather than going out hunting, they have almost no predatory behavior (which would be disastrous in the vicinity of such a natural prey stimulus as sheep), they respond to perceived threats with a lot of vocalization and attempts to alert and engage the dominant individuals in their "pack" (i.e. humans) whenever possible, engaging in actual combat only as a last resort. DVD-ROM content includes a free trial of Hyperspace. Canine in common usage is a synonym for dog or an adjective meaning dog; for example, in the common expression "canine companion". Production photo gallery. Pooch, Poochie, Pup, Puppy, Doggy, Doggie are all informal and affectionate terms for a dog often used by children. Trailers and TV spots. Puppy is a juvenile dog.

Poster and print campaign. Pack is used to denote a group of dogs. "A Hero Falls" music video. Bitch is a female dog. Star Wars: Empire at War PC game trailer. Dog is also a term used by breeders to specifically denote a male domestic dog. Star Wars: Battlefront II trailer and Xbox game demo.

A 15-part collection of Lucasfilm's Web documentaries. "It's All for Real: The Stunts of Episode III". "The Chosen One" featurette: George Lucas traces the myth of Darth Vader through episodes 1-6. "Within a Minute" documentary film about the making of the Mustafar battle.

Exclusive deleted scenes with introductions by George Lucas and Rick McCallum. Commentary by writer-director George Lucas, producer Rick McCallum, animation director Rob Coleman, and ILM visual effects supervisors John Knoll and Roger Guyett. Available Audio Tracks: English (Dolby Digital 5.1 EX), Spanish (Dolby Digital 2.0 Surround), French (Dolby Digital 2.0 Surround). Available subtitles: English.

Instead it contained a rap video with a dancing Yoda and clone troopers. This was the first release not to contain a secret blooper reel of footage from filming as an easter egg. This has caused some backlash from fans collecting both the VHS versions, complaining that their VHS set will not be complete without Episode III. This release is notable because, due to marketing issues, it was the first Star Wars film never to be released on VHS (except in Australia and the United Kingdom).

Additionally, Anakin is missing the scar on his right eye on the DVD cover. The DVD cover art is the only cover of the six films not to include a central character brandishing a lens flare-boasting lightsaber blade towards the viewer. Unlike any other film directed by Lucas, Revenge of the Sith was released on DVD without any noticeable alterations from the film's original theatrical cut. In all of the other films, the two characters were played by at least two different people.

This was the first Star Wars film in which Anakin Skywalker and the suited Darth Vader were played by the same actor in the same film. As confirmed by the DVD-ROM commentary, during the scene in which Yoda departs Kashyyyk and bids farwell to Chewbacca and Tarfful, Tarfful's growls are actually Itchy's growls from The Star Wars Holiday Special. In a wide shot of Darth Vader's half-done operated body and a claw with his mask moving closer to put the mask on near the end of the film, it is apparent that he doesn't have his voice amplifier piece or his neck plating on, but after the shot with the mask lowering , the neck plate is attached. However, after making the suggestion and others agree by saying "aye," he too says "aye", suggesting his line was meant to be spoken by a different character.

At one point in the film, Ki-Adi-Mundi makes a motion that Obi-Wan Kenobi should lead the search on Utapau for General Grievous. Lucas's friend and fellow filmmaker Steven Spielberg was confirmed to have worked on some of the conceptual work and animatics for the film, focusing mainly on the Yoda/Palpatine fight and the Mustafar duel. On the DVD cover, Anakin's scar (the result of a lightsaber duel with Asajj Ventress in Star Wars: Clone Wars) on his right eye is missing completely. In Padme's Wardrobe site, the costume used on the poster is called the Peacock Gown, and the costume used on the DVD cover is called the Green Cut Velvet Robe.

In the movie, this costume appears with the hood down. A different costume was used on the DVD cover, however this costume appears in the same way as on the cover only in the deleted scenes. However, the costume does appear in some of the deleted scenes. On the poster, Padmé wears an outfit that does not appear in the movie itself.

.that business on Cato Neimoidia doesn't count." This was going to be a running gag throughout the film, but all subsequent uses were eventually cut. After returning Supreme Chancellor Palpatine to Coruscant, Obi-Wan tells Anakin ". This is the first film in the Star Wars Saga in which a dream is literally depicted on camera. Episode III features the longest opening continuing shot in the entire Star Wars saga (over two minutes long).

According to the filmmakers in the audio commentary, the speed in which Anakin and Obi-Wan engage their lightsaber duel on Mustafar is the speed in which the duel was filmed, and was not digitally accelerated. Several lava explosions, seen in Mustafar at the fight scene between Anakin and Obi-Wan Kenobi, were in fact real life explosions shot from Mount Etna's eruption which were later combined with computer generated effects to create the impressive and real-life atmosphere. Copies of the film titled Charlotte are valued more than standard releases. The more common file is called something relating to Revenge of the Sith.

This was done intentionally by those who created the DVD, in order to keep it a secret as to which exact DVD would be used for the main release. On early discs with the DVD release, the file containing the film and the file with the bonus features were each named a variation of "CHARLOTTE," rather than something relating to the movie itself. (DVD audio commentary). Lucas stands on screen left talking with his youngest daughter, and his oldest daughter is in center screen, talking to her boyfriend.

George Lucas's daughters, who make cameos at the opera house, refused to be in the scene unless their father was in the scene with them. This echoes the frequent references to World War Two in the Clone Wars TV series. There are markings on Obi-Wan's starfighter counting the number of kills he scored, a reference to World War II, where pilots often placed markings on their planes to personalize them. This is the only episode that does not have R2-D2 and/or C-3PO in the closing shot.

The original soundtrack is the only one in the prequel trilogy that does not have a shot of Tatooine as its backdrop. The scene where Amidala meets up with Anakin on Mustafar was parodied for the 2005 MTV Movie Awards. Incidentally, an action figure of Palpatine was also produced holding a blue lightsaber, but later corrected to red (the hilt remains incorrect). It never occurred to the effects crew that they hadn't inserted the correct hilt during post-production.

Further revelations in The Making of Revenge of the Sith show that the scene originally had Anakin present, with Palpatine using the Force to borrow Anakin's lightsaber to duel. The reason for this is revealed in one of the documentaries on Disc 2, where Ian McDiarmid is seen using the Anakin lightsaber prop while rehearsing the scenes. Throughout the Palpatine/Mace fight, Palpatine's hilt periodically switches to Anakin's saber hilt. Palpatine's lightsaber is also the only lightsaber that touches Mace Windu's saber blade.

Palpatine's lightsaber is the only Sith lightsaber that is never seen coming in contact with a purple-bladed lightsaber. This is the first and only Star Wars film where Palpatine wields his lightsaber. It can be heard when Obi-Wan arrives at Owen and Beru's house. Composer John Williams included a small 11-tone musical cue in the scene reminiscent of his score for Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001).

The final scene on Tatooine, where Obi-Wan Kenobi delivers the infant Luke to his aunt and uncle, is often referred to as the "Harry Potter scene". Eventually, however, the film's casting director was able to find a very close lookalike, Wayne Pygram. Unfortunately, the footage of Cushing was deemed unusable, and the idea was scrapped. George Lucas originally intended to have Peter Cushing reprise his role as Tarkin, years after his death, through the use of stock footage and digital technology.

Palpatine's line, "I am the Senate," may be a reference to a quote by King Louis XIV- "I am the state.". George Lucas was not put off by this and enjoyed rubbing Natalie's buzzed hair. Natalie Portman surprised many people by showing up to the film's premieres with a shaved head (for her part in V for Vendetta). The interior of the Tantive IV was done entirely on a practical set, without the use of any bluescreen.

It can be heard briefly during the battle scene over Coruscant. Composer John Williams added to his opening score an homage to composer Joel McNeely's work from the score to Shadows of the Empire, a book written to take place between Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back and Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi. The audio effects for the coughing were taken from George Lucas, who had a cough during principal photography. John Knoll even acknowledges and points out this fact in the Revenge of the Sith DVD commentary.

To reconcile the differences between the two presentations, Mace Windu "force-grips" Grievous towards the end of the show's third season (volume two) as the General was making off with Palpatine, crushing the cyborg's chest panel. Grievous has prevously appeared in Star Wars: Clone Wars before many of his personality traits and quirks had been finalized. General Grievous' breathing problems were intended to emphasize his organic nature as well as the flaws of cyborg prosthetics. Coppola also owns a Tucker Torpedo.

In addition to owning one of the 51 Torpedoes built, George Lucas executive produced the 1988 biopic, Tucker: The Man and His Dream, starring Jeff Bridges as Preston Tucker, and directed by Lucas' old friend, director Francis Ford Coppola. The speeder car driven by Senator Bail Organa (Jimmy Smits) is based on the revolutionary, but ill-fated, 1948 Tucker Torpedo automobile. George Lucas requested this of the animators as an homage to Takashi Shimura's signature gesture in Akira Kurosawa's Seven Samurai. Yoda rubs his head while deep in thought.

This is the only Star Wars film in which the opening crawl has an exclamation point in it. In the two shots where the wookies roar just before their battle, the varactyl's (the lizard-mount used by Obi-Wan elsewhere in the film) bark can be heard. In the film, Yoda pronounces the word differently than Anakin (in a later scene where the Jedi Council is voting where Yoda is in a hologram); Anakin's pronunciation of Utapau in the film is the correct pronunciation by Thai nationals and tourists. Although parts of Episode III were filmed in Thailand, the Lucas spelling of Utapau is a romanized spelling of a Thai military base in Sattahip, Thailand within 50 miles of Bangkok.

The name Utapau was originally intended for Tatooine and then Alderaan in the early drafts of A New Hope, and then for Naboo in The Phantom Menace, until it became the sinkhole planet seen in Revenge of the Sith. The limestone mountains depicting Kashyyyk were filmed in Phuket, Thailand (which was later damaged by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami). In the first scene between Anakin and Padmé, Padmé has her hair styled in the infamous Princess Leia Danish-buns-over-the-ears method. One of the film's many rumored subtitles was Rise of the Empire.

Coincidentally, the Return of the Jedi novelization refers to Obi-Wan Kenobi as Owen's brother. Ewan McGregor's stunt double was Nash Edgerton (the brother of Joel Edgerton, who plays Owen Lars). On the call sheets, Natalie Portman was listed as "Debbie Gibson.". Instead it contained a rap video with a dancing Yoda and clonetroopers.

This was the first DVD release not to contain a secret blooper reel of footage from filming. The DVD cover art is the only cover of the six films not to include a central character brandishing a lightsaber towards the viewer. However, VHS copies are for sale in stores in the United Kingdom and Australia. This has caused some backlash from fans collecting both the DVD and VHS versions, complaining that their VHS set will not be complete without Episode III.

It is only available on DVD. When the film was released on home video in November 2005, it became the only Star Wars film never to be released on VHS in the US. Even though it didn't make it into the film, it is available on the bonus disc of the Revenge of the Sith DVD as one of the deleted scenes, and Rick McCallum has reported that it may be put back into a future release of the film. One of the scenes deleted from the film was Yoda's arrival on Dagobah.

Revenge of the Sith has the world record for most special effects used in a single film—over 3500. It also required Christensen (who is six-foot-one or 1.85 metres, while David Prowse is six-foot-seven or 2 meters) to look through the mouthpiece of the helmet [3]. The new costume featured shoe lifts and a muscle suit [2]. The Darth Vader costume used in the film was created specifically to fit Hayden Christensen, rather than use the old one from the original trilogy.

Plot elements shown in the game include Vader activating the Jedi beacon, killing the librarian Jocasta Nu, and dueling with Cin Drallig and his Padawan Serra Keto (see Cameo appearances above). Its completion then unlocks an alternate short ending where the uninjured Darth Vader kills the Emperor and usurps control of the Galaxy. After the completion of the movie plotline the game unlocks a level that allows the player to go back and replay the final duel from Vader's point of view. The Revenge of the Sith video game closely follows the film, but for reasons of gameplay greatly expands a number of the action sequences.

One of them screams a classic "Wilhelm scream". When the ship Anakin and Obi-Wan are on, at the start, begins firing on an enemy ship, there is some footage of explosions and people being thrown into the air. There is no blue-bladed lightsaber in Return of the Jedi.). In Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace, Obi-Wan was initially equipped with a blue-bladed lightsaber and used it during most of the duel, but it fell into the chasm on Naboo, and in the last seconds, he had to finish off Darth Maul with Qui-Gon's green-bladed lightsaber.

This is also the only film to feature a combatant with a blue-bladed lightsaber come out victorious at the end of a duel (A combatant with a blue-bladed lightsaber usually loses a duel to a combatant with a red-bladed lightsaber. Obi-Wan). It is also the only instance of a blue-bladed and green-bladed lightsaber to come into contact with each other (the aforementioned Grievous vs. Darth Vader; combatants in both instances using blue lightsabers).

Obi-Wan, and more notably Obi-Wan vs. This is the only time where two lightsabers of the same color (blue) come into contact (Grievous vs. The line appears to be the same recording used in The Phantom Menace, when Jar Jar excuses himself after burping. Jar Jar Binks appears in this film, but has only one line of dialog; when he nearly bumps into a larger senator who mutters "watch it," to which Binks barely audibly replies "Excuse me".

An early, and later proved to be fake, plot leak said that Mace Windu would not die at the hands of Palpatine, but he would be killed by Boba Fett, who was avenging the death of his father, Jango Fett, in the previous film at the hands of Mace Windu. Matthew Woodring Stover, George Lucas, ISBN 0-7126-8427-1. Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith - Novelization, 1st edition hardcover, 2005. Later, when Luke and Vader duel, Luke jumps up on a platform and instead of following him Vader throws his lightsaber, having learned from his previous error.

At the end of Obi-wan and Anakin's duel, Obi-wan wins because he has the high ground. He does the same thing to Luke in A New Hope after the Sand People attack him. When Anakin releases Padmé after choking her, Obi-Wan puts his hand on her head for a while. Although Motti is not killed from this choke, both Motti and Tarkin die near the end of the film, when Luke destroys the Death Star.

Moff Tarkin then tells Vader to halt the Force chokehold. This parallels a scene from A New Hope, where Vader uses the Force to choke Admiral Romodi Motti in the Death Star for his lack of faith in Vader. Although Padmé does not die from the choke, she later dies of the loss of will to live near the end of the film. However, Obi-Wan then tells him to halt the Force chokehold.

Vader uses the Force to choke Padmé on Mustafar, as he believes she has turned against him. According to his action figure, Obi-Wan's is Red Leader, which in Episode VI is used by Wedge Antilles, played by Ewan McGregor's uncle Denis Lawson. In the novelization, Anakin's callsign is Red Five, the same as his son Luke in Episode IV. Both Anakin's and Obi-Wan's callsigns reference their family connections to the original trilogy.

Examples include the Jedi Starfighters having small resemblance to the TIE Fighters and Interceptor. More Republic equipment resembles that of Imperial equipment. The music is also the same in all three cases (the Force Theme). The final shot of Owen and Beru holding Luke and looking into the Tatooine twin sunset mirrors a similar scene with Luke in A New Hope (as well as a similar scene of Anakin in Attack of the Clones).

The last line spoken in Episode III is "Oh no!", also by C-3PO, played by the same actor, also on that ship. The first line spoken in Episode IV is "Did you hear that?" by C-3PO (Anthony Daniels), on the Tantive IV. An actor screams this line in every Star Wars movie. Luke's scream of "NOOO!" upon learning that Darth Vader is his father was also similarly lampooned and poorly received during its release in 1980.

Vader's scream has been lampooned and criticized as campy and inappropriate. In one of the final scenes, Darth Vader's screams "NOOO!!" when he learns of Padmé's death. This also is similar to Luke's situation in "The Empire Strikes Back" when Luke, after the duel with Darth Vader, falls down the massive circular shaft in Cloud City and hangs on to the weather vane below the city until he is rescued by the Millennium Falcon piloted by Leia Organa. Yoda, in the duel with Darth Sidious, falls down the massive circular Senate chamber and escapes through the bottom of the building into a waiting speeder piloted by Bail Organa.

The lightsaber was subsequently broken, and then was re-returned to Obi-Wan's hut on Tatooine. Luke lost that lightsaber in a duel with Vader in Empire Strikes Back. The blue-bladed lightsaber Anakin/Vader used in Revenge of the Sith is the same lightsaber Obi-Wan gave to Luke in A New Hope. Luke is then given a cybernetic hand to replace the one he lost in the duel with Vader.

Leia senses Luke's danger through the force, and comes to rescue him in the Millennium Falcon. A similar situation occurs in The Empire Strikes Back, when Luke sustains an injury from Vader in a lightsaber duel (his weapon hand is cut off), and after falling down a shaft, is left dangling from a weather vane on the underside of Cloud City. He is then given cybernetic limbs to replace those he lost in the duel. Sensing his danger through the Force, Emperor Palaptine rescues him.

Defeated, he lies on the side of a lava bank, crawling his way up the embankment. Vader sustains severe injuries from the lightsaber duel he has with his former master on Mustafar (his biological limbs are cut off). Finally, he says to Vader, "I know there is good in you.". He later says that to Leia on Endor.

In a scene on Dabogah, Luke says to the spirit of Obi-Wan, "There is still good in him", also referring to Anakin. Return of the Jedi contains variations of Padmé's last words. She says it to Obi-Wan on Polis Massa, momentarily after bearing Luke and Leia. I know, I know there is still...", referring to Anakin.

Padmé's last words are, "There is good in him. Vader says, "From my point of view, the Jedi are evil." In Return of the Jedi, Obi-Wan tells Luke, "You will find that many of the truths we cling to depend greatly on our own point of view.". Vader's offer to Padmé to join him and rule the Empire mirrors Vader's offer to Luke in Episode V. Luke realizes what this means and races home, despite Obi-Wan's warning that it is too dangerous, and he is dumbstruck to find that Owen and Beru Lars were reduced to burnt ashes by Imperial Stormtroopers.

Luke at first suspects the Sandpeople, but Obi-Wan's closer inspection shows that Imperial Stormtroopers were actually responsible. This is paralleled in Episode IV when Luke, Obi-Wan and the droids come upon the ruins of the Jawas' sandcrawler and find all of them slaughtered. Obi-Wan decides to look at the security holograms despite Yoda's warning that he will find it painful, and he is dumbstruck to find that Anakin led the massacre. When Obi-Wan and Yoda return to the Jedi Temple and discover the corpses of their fellow Jedi, Yoda's closer inspection of the bodies reveals that not all of them were killed by clone troopers, that a lightsaber was used as well, implicating one of the Jedi as a traitor.

When Anakin and Obi-Wan are approaching the Senate after saving Palpatine, the Millennium Falcon is one of the ships which touch down on Coruscant. In Return of the Jedi, Luke Skywalker cuts off Darth Vader's weapon hand, as Palpatine looks on, but refuses to join the Dark Side. Anakin cuts off Mace Windu's weapon hand, as Palpatine looks on, and joins the Dark Side. The scene where Mace has his blade at Palpatine's throat is similar to that when Vader has his blade at Luke's throat in The Empire Strikes Back, and when Luke had his blade at Vader's throat in Return of the Jedi.

Anakin is conflicted to choose between Palpatine and a fellow Jedi, as in Return of the Jedi. Palpatine closes his eyes and tells Anakin, "I can feel your anger." He gives the same line, directed at Luke, in Return of the Jedi. You know it to be true.". In convincing him that the Jedi are trying to oust him as Chancellor, Palpatine urges Anakin to "search your feelings...you know, don't you?" This mirrors Episode V, in which Vader convinces Luke that he is his father, urging the boy to "search your feelings.

In the battle on the Wookiee planet Kashyyyk, a distinctive Tarzan yell can be heard, just as in Episode VI, when Chewbacca and two Ewoks swing toward an Imperial Scout Walker on Endor. This mirrors the scenes in Return of the Jedi where Chewbacca rips out Imperial forces from their AT-STs. Wookiees from Kashyyyk rip out droids from vehicles during the Separatists' invasion. This was adapted for Episode VI as the Battle of Endor between Ewoks and Imperial Stormtroopers.

In the original Star Wars script treatment, the climactic battle was between Wookiees and Imperial forces as in Revenge of the Sith. This echoes the ultimate fate of the Tantive IV itself in the opening scenes of A New Hope. When Obi-Wan makes his rendezvous with the Tantive IV, the ship he is flying is swallowed up by the Tantive IV's underbelly. When Obi-Wan kills Grievous with a blaster and says "So uncivilized", echoing the line in Episode IV when he talks about the lightsaber being "an elegant weapon, for a more civilized age".

This is the first line Obi-Wan says in Episode IV, to R2-D2. When Obi-Wan jumps in the middle of the droid army in Utapau, he says "Hello there" to Grievous. In Return of the Jedi, Palpatine urges Luke to kill Vader, but Luke refuses, and avoids turning to the dark side. Palpatine urges Anakin to kill Count Dooku, and Anakin does and becomes Palpatine's apprentice.

Palpatine watches as his current apprentice (Count Dooku) and his intended new apprentice (Anakin) duel to the death, while behind them can be seen a massive space fleet battle, as in Return of the Jedi. The scene where the elevator falls and Anakin has to hold on to the ledge parallels the scene where Luke has to hold on when he falls out of a window in Episode V. Obi-Wan says the traditional "I have a bad feeling about this!" just before he and Anakin enter the hangar of General Grievous' battlecruiser. Han Solo says the identical line in A New Hope.

In the beginning of the movie while flying a starfighter on the way to rescue Palpatine, Anakin says, "This is where the fun begins". Many vehicles and technology in the film appear to be predecessors of their counterparts in the original trilogy. The title is a reprise of an early working title of Return of the Jedi, "Revenge of the Jedi", which was altered by Lucas with the rationale that Jedi do not take revenge. Previously held by The Matrix Reloaded with $37.5 million.

Thursday gross. Previously held by Shrek 2 with $44.8 million. Single day gross. Previously held by Spider-Man 2 with $40.4 million.

Opening day gross. Previously held by The Lord of the Rings: Return of the King, which earned $8 million from 2,100 midnight screenings. Midnight screenings. Favorite Movie - Drama.

Favorite Movie. Worst Supporting Actor (Hayden Christensen). Achievement in Makeup.