Snowboarding

Using the pull of the wind, snowkiters are able to make massive jumps and travel uphill. (data for eDonkey network). The combination of kiteboarding technology with snowboarding has led to the creation of a new sport, snowkiting. Different shades of blue give an idea how well-spread different parts are. CRYSTAL (cookie) IS BEAUTIFUL !!!!. Red indicates a part missing in all known sources. shralp! - Die aktuelle Snowboard-Wochenschau auf Deutsch. The color coding is similar to the one used with the progress bar.

Effective Edge TV - Video podcast that covers all aspects of snowboarding from music, resorts, and new products. Each shared file shows its availability in the form of a bar. Hood, HCSC has been the world's leading summer camp since 1989. Yellow denotes a pending (already requested) part. High Cascade - Located on Mt. Green parts are currently uploading. Northeast Skiing Video Podcast - Video podcast about skiing in the Northeast of the US. Silver ones are parts still missing.

Ridertech.com - Skiing and snowboarding video blog from the Pacific Northwest. Black are parts this user has already completed. Snowflix - Your video iPod-ready weekly snow fix from the Alps. It shows the progress of the file this user is downloading. Regularly updated video content that is available for download via any aggregator. This bar appears in the upload queue if supported by the other client. SNOWBOAD YA BABY. • zz - Currently transferring sources excellent.

On December 2, 2005, a feature film was released called "First Descent", which documented the history of the sport as well as its modern day stars. • + aa - Number of Asked for another file sources (only shown when Advanced Controls is enabled). Production companies work all year developing these videos. • yy - Total number of sources. Each season, many different snowboard films are released, usually in September. • xx - Number of useful sources. Snowboard videos have become a huge part of the sport. The four values xx/yy+aa (zz) displayed after the progress bar is the source count for this file and shows following information.

It is almost certain that one of the origins of animosity is the average age disparity between skiiers and snowboarders. Yellow denotes a pending (already requested) part. Mitigating factors may include different blind spot locations for skiiers and boarders, different riding styles and different philosphies on what snow riding is about. Green parts are currently downloading. There has been much debate as to the origins of the clash. Silver stands for parts this source is also missing. The culture clash has shown significant signs of diminishing as more and more snow sport enthusiasts are choosing to snowboard and more parks/resorts are allowing it. Blue are parts you still need for this download.

There is a known culture clash between skiers and snowboarders. Black indicates parts you already have. General safety tips for winter sports, alpine conditions and skiing should also be respected. (shaded style). They can be useful for the many times that a snowboard rider may wish to rest on the knees, such as after coming to a stop. (flat style). For example, knee pads used for volleyball can be useful for snowboarding. Here the colours have a slightly different meaning:.

Padding can be specialized for snowboarding, or it can cross sports. To see the sources just double-click a download (or single click, depends on the settings in Options -> Display ). Padding can be useful on other body parts like hips, knees, spine and shoulders. If you expand the download you see each of its sources with their corresponding bar. Useful safety gear includes wrist guards, padded or protected snowboard pants and a helmet. A dark red or blue progress bar denotes a stopped or paused download. The body parts most affected by injuries are the wrists, the tailbone and the head. (shaded style).

Wearing safety gear is highly recommended. (flat style). As students progress in ability they can seek out specialized instruction in areas such as terrain park skills (jumps, rails, and pipes), mogul technique, off-piste riding, powder riding, and racing. A green bar stands for a completed download. More advanced techniques that are taught in later lessons are linking turns, edge control, weight distribution, edge pressure, and eventually carving. (shaded style). Other important beginner skills to learn are the falling leaf technique, side-slipping, and lift procedures. (flat style).

Then students learn how to turn and stop with both feet in. The green bar on top shows the total download progress of this file. The first lesson often begins with basic safety policies, stretching, and learning to fall, then progresses to snowboarding with one foot on the board (particularly skating and J-turns). Yellow denotes a part being downloaded. Typically, beginner snowboard lessons focus on very basic, common snowboarding skills. The darker the blue, the more sources have this part. The rapport developed between an instructor and a student who returns for multiple lessons is the real benefit derived from private lessons; one is taught better by a teacher who knows them, and a student is more likely to heed the advice of someone they trust. Different shades of blue represent the availability of this part in the sources.

Private lessons are often far more expensive than group, as it is the snowboarding analogue of being privately tutored. Red indicates a part missing in all known sources. Private lessons can be taught one-on-one or between a small group. Black shows the parts of the file you already have. Group lessons are often cheaper, but often have a high student-teacher ratio, resulting in less individual attention. (shaded style). Snowboard lessons, as with ski lessons, can either be group or private lessons. (flat style).

Professional instruction is a good way to learn proper technique, safety policies, mountain etiquette and resort rules. Each download in the Transfers tab has a coloured bar to show current file availability and progress. Snowboard instruction is available at almost every ski resort from certified snowboard instructors. The credit is calculated in the following way:. For a more detailed description, see Board construction. These factors are all expressed in an integer value, and their total gives a "score" which is used to rank the users in the queue. The various components of a snowboard are:. A user's position in other clients' queues depends on various factors, including the time they have been waiting in the queue, the upload priority for the requested file, and the user's credit.

Courses in avalanche safety are also available. To view this information, right click on any user and choose View Details. Avalanche equipment can be purchased or rented at outdoor equipment stores. The values used can be seen in the client's details dialog. Backcountry riders are advised to take extreme caution in all conditions, to carry avalanche equipment including a probe, beacon, and shovel, and never to ride alone in the backcountry. The modifiers are calculated from the amount of transferred data between the two clients. Snow can be extremely unstable, often leading to avalanches. The more a user uploads to a client the faster he advances in this client's queue.

Safety is key when hiking and riding in the backcountry, especially after a fresh 'dump' of powder. The credit system provides a major modifier to this waiting time by taking the upload and download between the two clients into consideration. Often snowboarders use snowmobiles to make jumps into the powder. The strict queue system in eMule is based on the waiting time a user has spent in the queue. If the hill is too steep a snowmobile may not make it up the hill. uploading to other clients. Snowboarders also use snowmobiles to ride in the backcountry. The credit system is used to reward users contributing to the network, i.e.

Those that don't make use of the split-board will usually strap their board to their back and hike with snowshoes. Often features first debuted in a mod later find their way into the official version. At the top of the run, the halves are recombined, and the bindings rotated back into their sideways positions. Other mods follow official eMule releases, and make their own releases based on each new release of the official version. When apart, the two halves can be used like cross-country skis to shuffle up the hill. It does not have Kademlia protocol implemented, but proponents of this mod credit it for a better GUI and an ability to achieve better download speeds than the official version. The split-board is exactly that, a snowboard cut right down the middle. A popular mod of this type is eMule Plus.

Some of those more cash-endowed riders can even hire snowcats or helicopters to take them where they want to go; this is known as catboarding or heliboarding respectively. Some mods started as a fork of a eMule code, and then continued to develop independently of the official version. Donning snowshoes or a split-board with skins, the backcountry snowboarder cuts a new path up the side of the mountain in search of the very best vistas and untouched snow. As a popular open source program, eMule has many variants, usually called mods. Today, backcountry snowboarding is often for those who have enough cash to afford trips to Alaska or the mountain ranges of the West, to ride outside resorts. This limitation doesn't exist in Kad network, therefore this network is more suitable for users that share big collections of files. In fact, before snowboarding was allowed at resorts, this was the only form of snowboarding; Jake Burton, one of the original pioneers of snowboarding, never even considered resorts; backcountry was what he envisioned as the future of snowboarding. Some servers also limit the number of files that can be shared by any particular user.

This type of boarding started out with fresh powder-craving snowboarders who, most likely, didn't have the cash to spend at crowded upscale ski parks. Therefore, it is more resistant to a large-scale network loss.
. Kad network is self-organising and tunes itself for best possible performance depending on the number of users and their connection qualities. The only bad part of skiing or snowboarding in powder is that if you fall, sometimes it can be very difficult to get yourself out of the very deep powder snow. Servers can only handle a certain amount of users and should a large server go down the network is severely handicapped. Powder also makes for softer landings and reduced chances of injury compared to man made terrain parks, though landing in deep snow can take some practice. The main goal of the Kad network is to be independent of servers and improve scalability.

Powder makes for much smoother turns and in all smoother riding. Both networks have totally different concepts for achieving the same: Searching for files and finding sources to a file. In places where almost all of the runs are groomed, and powder is a rare find, you must venture into the tree trails. With the release of 0.47a, this limit was raised to 256GB, but only for clients supporting it (currently just eMule and aMule). Generally colder climates sport the lightest, driest powder, and countries like Japan are becoming known as powder havens. This was an inherent limitation of the ed2k protocol. Even though it is hard to categorize areas in terms of powder, Powder on the east coast (USA) is generally not as common or as good as the powder on the west (USA). eMule versions before 0.47a cannot share files larger than about 4 GB.

The bad thing about powder is that is if it sits for too long it gets compacted and becomes much harder and sometimes even icy. eMule includes a feature that limits download and upload speeds, so that they do not exceed the limits set by the user. Powder is very famous for being the most fun and sometimes challenging ski and snowboarding, solely because it is so soft. Also, many known "leecher" clients are often banned from the downloading through various means by eMule's mods (banning is not supported in official version). Powder, which occurs after a heavy snowstorm, is a specific type of snow that is very light, fluffy, and most likely deep. Furthermore, attempting to circumvent the uploading feature can possibly slow a user's download, as he will get worse credits from uploaders. Alpine snowboarding is significantly less popular than other kinds of snowboarding, especially in the United States. Although there are many mods of eMule, it is hard to find one that doesn't enforce the second feature, which is a part of official eMule policy.

Short slalom boards with very short sidecut radii, for example, are alpine boards but can only be carved at slow speeds. This limitation does not apply if the maximum upload speed is set to 10K per second or more. In fact, the only real defining characteristic of alpine snowboarding is that alpine snowboarders turn often and very hard while engaging the board in a carve. 2) Users are forced to share their bandwidth, thus increasing network's data stream: The official version of eMule forces the users to set their maximum download speed to no more than four times their maximum upload speed. A common misconception is that alpine snowboarding necessitates riding very quickly or racing. The recipient is forced to share in this way until the download is complete. (Hence riding a freestyle snowboard on groomed slopes is like riding a dirtbike on a road track or what is called SuperMoto). 1) Users are forced to share files: Shared files larger than 9500 KB are divided and downloaded in parts, so that a recipient starts to share the parts of the file already downloaded even before the download of the whole file is complete.

An analogy made by some alpine enthusiasts is that freeride and freestyle snowboards are like dirt bikes, and alpine/carving snowboards are like road bikes. eMule and other programs on eDonkey network support the network in two basic ways:. The hard plastic boots stiffens the ankle joint up significantly, making it more difficult to make small ankle adjustments while making skid turns, but making the board much more stable and powerful at higher speeds and the much higher g-forces typically felt by an alpine snowboarder in carved turns. This is accomplished by a complex calculation of the possible distance to the target client by asking other clients for the shortest route to it. Alpine boards are usually, but not always, longer and much stiffer than freeride boards, as the particular demands of carving usually require as much usable edge length as possible. So the goal of any kind of search is to find those clients that have the responsibility for the current search topic. They tend to angle their feet much more forward than other snowboarders, and so also ride narrower boards. The clients hash determines the specific keywords or sources.

Alpine riders use hard plastic snowboarding boots, which resemble ski boots, except that they tend to be less stiff in the ankles and have a shortened heel, to minimize hanging over the edge of the snowboard. Each client in the Kad network works as a server for certain keywords or sources. Both traditional snowboard racers (though not necessarily boardercross racers) and recreational carvers are alpine snowboarders. Since every client is identified by a unique hash value, the idea of Kademlia is to associate a certain “responsibility” based on this hash. Alpine snowboarding is the practice of turning by carving the snowboard (such that the board is tracking along the edge of the board), as opposed to skidding the snowboard (where the board is traveling in a different direction than it is pointing). There are no servers to keep track of clients and the files they share so it has to be done by each participating client in the network – in essence, every client is also a small server. Many ski resorts operate terrain parks which often simulate the urban skateboard environment, complete with handrails, funboxes, and machine-formed jumps. Be it a search for filenames, for sources of a download or for other users, all work pretty much the same.

Freestyle snowboarding is influenced greatly by skateboarding. In this network it does not matter what you search for. Freestyle snowboarding can be done almost anywhere that has snow. Buddies are other Kad clients who have status open and work as a relay for connections, that the firewalled user cannot manage. Most snowboarders are thrill seekers and love to do tricks in terrain parks, which has inherent risks. From version v.44a on, the Kad network supports a Buddy for firewalled users. Freestyle is probably most demanded because of the thrill. If you are not freely contacted, you are given a firewalled status.

Freestyle snowboarding is arguably the most popular discipline, and is certainly the focus of most of the lifestyle marketing in the snowboarding industry. If you can be freely contacted, you are assigned an ID (similar to a HighID) and given an open status. Softer boots and boards also allow riders more flexibility in body movement and the ability to reach very convoluted or stretched out, stylish body positions (known as tweaking it). This process is very similar to the HighID/LowID check on the servers. This is important because many freestyle snowboarders are landing switch from how they hit their jumps or their tricks, and they need to be able to ride away with ease. Once a client is in the network, the client then requests for other clients to determine if it can be contacted freely. Also, freestyle snowboards most likely have a true twin tip, in that the sidecut radius is equal on both sides of the board. This is called a Boot Strap.

Freestyle snowboarders typically use shorter, softer boards and softer boots than other snowboarders, as the shorter board length reduces the weight and moment of inertia, making it easier to spin and maneuver, and the softer gear makes the board more forgiving to control for the particular demands of freestyle riding, such as slower speeds, high landing impacts, quick turns, and imperfect landings. The only thing needed to connect to this network is the IP and port of any eMule client already connected. spins, flips, grabs). (based on Kademlia protocol). jibbing, bonking, grinding, pressing, buttering, ground spins etc.) or in the air (e.g. Sources are other clients who have at least downloaded one entire part (9.28 MB) of the file matching the hash. Tricks can either occur on the ground (e.g. The server looks up the file’s hash value in its database and returns the clients it knows for having it.

Freestyle snowboarding is the practice of doing different kinds of tricks on a snowboard. Once they are in the Download list, eMule first queries the local (connected) server then all other servers in the network for sources to that particular download. Many freeride purists attach an almost spiritual connotation to carving down the mountain. Downloads can be added by eMule’s search function or a special eD2k link format offered on many websites. Freeride snowboarding, where the focus is on riding cleanly and enjoying the freedom to go and explore anywhere is influenced significantly by surfing. mp3 files). A variant of freeriding focusing on extremely difficult lines is extreme snowboarding. Note that there are fake servers in the network that do not return any results for certain type of searches (e.g.

Freeriding is also known as all-mountain snowboarding. Each server looks up the keyword in its local database and returns any file names (with the hash value) that matches the keyword. Most snowboarders aspire to be freeriders and will explore the mountain through trees, in powder bowls or anywhere else they feel comfortable riding. If the search is a global search (searches all the servers within the network), it will take longer but have more results. Freeriding is using the natural terrain of the mountain for recreation, without focusing on technical tricks or racing. If it’s a local search (searches only the server you are connected to), searches are quicker but will have fewer results. There are four primary sub-disciplines or sub-styles within snowboarding with each favoring a slightly different snowboard design. A search can either be local or global.

For more on the history of snowboarding, see this Snowboard History Timeline. Once connected to the network, the client can search for keywords in filenames. It wasn't until the mid 1980s when snowboarding exploded into the main stream when the first snowboard magazine, "Absolutely Radical", hit the racks, soon to be followed by "International Snowboard Magazine". The server adds the filenames and hash values you sent to its database. In the early 1980's films by Warren Miller began to feature clips of snowboarders boosting the popularity of the sport among the skiing community. After the ID is assigned, eMule will send a list of all shared files to the server. Burton, Sims, Winterstick, and Avalanche snowboards originated from other parts of the country. If communication is blocked, the server assigns your client a low ID.

In the early 1980's, snowboard companies began emerging across the country. If yes, the server assigns your client a so-called high ID. Jake Burton is the founder of Burton Snowboards, one of the largest, and most established snowboard companies in the world. When connecting your client to a server, the server checks to see if other clients can freely connect to your client. The snowboard evolved from early pioneering work by people such as Sherman Poppen (who invented the "Snurfer" in his North Muskegon, Michigan home), Tom Sims, and Jake Burton. Each client must be connected to a server to enter the network. . The key to this network is the eD2k server.

. (eD2k :EDonkey network). These events are hosted by various winter resorts in the United States, Canada, and Europe. For already compressed files this is likely to be the raw file, while uncompressed files are likely to result in zlib compressed data to be transmitted. Open Snowboarding Championships and the Winter X-Games. Then it chooses the smaller set of data to transmit. Other events that focus on snowboarding are the annual European and U.S. Before sending data eMule attempts to compress the data with [zlib] set at maximum compression.

Snowboarding became a Winter Olympic Games medal-eligible sport in 1998. If a client already has most of a chunk, however, it may choose to request the rest of that chunk first because only complete chunks can be shared. A snowboarder's equipment consists of a snowboard, snowboarding boots, bindings to attach their boots to the board, as well as snowboarding-specific winter clothing. Clients usually request the chunk that fewest other sources have to aid distribution of the file through the network; otherwise rare chunks may generate a bottleneck. Snowboarding is an increasingly common winter sport throughout the world where participants attach a wooden board to their feet and slide down a snow-covered mountain. Once a client reaches the top of such a queue, the clients contact each other and transfer begins. Snowboarding is a boardsport on snow similar to skiing, but inspired by surfing and skateboarding. Each client maintains a "download queue" of other clients who are requesting files for download.

This construction feature is not included in all board designs. other clients who are sharing that file), a client contacts each of those sources to request the file. there is also the "dgb" which is wood that goes in different directions over the core of the board to increase control. After determining sources for a file (i.e. Kinking, rusting, or general dulling of the edge will significantly hinder the ability for the edge to grip the snow, so it is important that this feature is maintained. This user identification is highly secured by a public / private key handshake to prevent misuse. This sharp edge is necessary to be able to produce enough friction to ride on ice, and the radius of the edge directly affects the radius of carving turns, and in turn the responsiveness of the board. Like the file hash, each user in the network gets a unique and permanent user hash.

an edge: a strip of metal, tuned normally to just less than 90-degrees, that runs the length of either side of the board. A file's hash value is computed by first computing the MD4 checksum of each chunk, and then computing the MD4 checksum of the string of those chunks' checksums concatenated with each other. If the base becomes significantly damaged, the board may become sluggish, or if the damage is deep enough, it may even weaken the core. Files are broken into "chunks" of 9.28 MB each (the last chunk may be smaller if the file size is not exactly divisible by the chunk size). If the board is damaged, a new base pattern can be stone-ground into the board. This allows each user to find all sources to a particular file no matter what file name each user has given the file. For this reason, different base waxes are available for different snow conditions. All files are given a hash value that depends on the file's contents, but not its filename.

Because the base of the board comprises the bulk of the board's interaction with the snow, it is important that it be as slippery with respect to the snow as possible. It is recommended to change the default ports of eMule to higher numbers (for example 20000 instead of 4662), because recently many ISPs are throttling default P2P ports resulting in slow performance. a base: this is the bottom of the board which is made of a graphitic material that is saturated with a wax that creates a very quick smooth, hydrophobic surface. eMule is now considered a stable product, and new versions are not released as often as they used to be - 2 to 3 months is now a typical time interval between releases. The properties of the core directly affect important characteristics of the board, such as flexibility and weight. The 0.46b version added the creation and management of "collection" files, which contain a set of links to files intended to be downloaded as a set. It is typically comprised of a solid material, normally either wood, foam, or some composite plastic. Other recent additions include: the ability to run eMule from a user account with limited privileges (thus enhancing security), and intelligent corruption handling (so that a corrupted chunk, 9.28 MB in size, does not need to be re-downloaded entirely).

a core: the bulk of a snowboard, the core is the interior of the snowboard. Some users have complained that it leads to a loss of active sources and subsequently slows download speed. Unavailable IPs are banned for a time period from 15 to 45 minutes. After adding an IP to the "Bad source list", the application treats this IP as a "dead" IP. The application adds an IP address to this list after one unsuccessful connection.

In new versions, a "Bad source list" was added. Also added in recent versions were "Unicode Search" (allowing for searches for files in non-Latin alphabets) and the ability (not supported in Kad Network) to search servers for files with complete sources of unfinished files. This network has an implementation of the Kademlia protocol, which does not rely on central servers as the eDonkey network does. Recent versions (v0.40+) of eMule have added support for the Kad Network.

The official web site is supported by 7 web developers and 4 moderators. Currently the project is staffed by 16 people: 2 developers, 2 project managers (including the founder Breitkreuz), 3 testers, 9 debug testers. Since its inception, eMule has been downloaded by over 85 million people. The eMule project website started up on December 8, 2003.

The "Credit System" was implemented for the first time on September 14, 2002 in version 0.19a. It was first released as a binary on August 4, 2002 at version 0.05a. The source was first released at version 0.02 and it was published on SourceForge on July 6, 2002. Over time 7 more developers joined the effort.

Merkur) who was dissatisfied by the original eDonkey2000 client. The eMule project was started on May 13, 2002 by Hendrik Breitkreuz (a.k.a. . eMule is coded in Visual C++ .NET using the Microsoft Foundation Classes and because it is a popular open-source program, hundreds of eMule mods (modifications of the original eMule) have appeared on the Internet.

Matching file sources is verified through the use of the MD4 algorithm. Recently, many of the sites which provide these links have been taken offline by authorities due to accusations of copyright infringement, as well as a questionable legality of the links they provide. These links ensure that the file being downloaded shares the same hash, and therefore is not a "fake". Another feature of eMule is the ability to accept "ed2k" links from a web browser and begin downloading the file(s) these links refer to.

Furthermore eMule transmits data in (Zlib-)compressed form to save bandwidth. The distinguishing features of eMule are the direct exchange of sources between client nodes, fast recovery of corrupted downloads, and the use of a credit system to reward frequent uploaders. eMule runs on Microsoft Windows; however, its codebase forms the basis for a Linux client, xMule, and a multiplatform client, aMule. eMule is open source software released under the GNU General Public License.

In computing, eMule is a peer to peer file sharing application that works with both eDonkey and Kad Network and has more features than the eDonkey client. Number of concurrent shared files: ~600 million. latest users statistics can be found at : Slyck.com). Number of concurrent users : 3 - 5 million (correct number is unknown since many new servers are faking their number of users.

Your own credits cannot be displayed. This prevents faking the credits. Your own credits are saved by the client who owes you the credit. The unique user hash is used to identify the client.

Credits are stored in the clients.met file. They are exchanged between two specific clients. Credits are not global. Not supporting clients will grant you no credits when you upload to them.

It does not matter if the client supports the credit system or not. All Clients uploading to you are rewarded by the credit system. Otherwise, the credit value is x. If x is greater than 10, the credit value is 10.

If x is less than 1, the credit value is 1. Call it x. Out of those two values, choose the one that is lower. Calculate the following value: Square root of total uploaded data + 2.

Calculate the following value: total uploaded data × 2 / total downloaded data. Otherwise: