Shark

In ancient Greece, shark flesh was forbidden to be eaten at women's festivals. The leak created considerable amount of protest from the gay community and other liberal groups. In other Pacific Ocean cultures, Dakuwanga was a shark god who was the eater of lost souls. Bush made a deal: the Salvation Army would support Bush's push on faith based initiatives if Bush made sure that the Salvation Army would be exempt from local and state legislations that prevent discrimination based on sexual orientation. A listing of them follows:
. According to that document, the Salvation Army and President George W. They believed that sharks were guardians of the sea, and called them Aumakua. In July 2001, The Washington Post published a Salvation Army internal memo.

Hawaiian mythology also contained many shark gods. The Salvation Army opposes this policy and has threatened to close its soup kitchens and shelters across New York. The beach goers would laugh and ignore the warnings and go swimming, subsequently being eaten by the same shark man who warned them not to enter the water. The State of New York has proposed legislation that requires businesses to offer health benefits to same-sex partners of employees. A common theme in the stories was that the shark men would warn beach goers that sharks were in the waters. Other issues in the lawsuit by 19 current and former employees are still under consideration by the trial court. They could change form between shark and human at any time desired, and for any length. In a recent case, the New York Federal Court ruled that organization could use religious criteria in its hiring; that ruling is being appealed by the New York Civil Liberties Union.

There are stories of shark men who have shark jaws on their back. The Army's position is that because it is a church, Section VII of the US Civil Rights Act of 1964 explicitly guarantees its rights to discriminate in hiring. Sharks figure prominently in the Hawaiian mythology. Despite the tax breaks it receives as a registered charity, and its government funding (about 11 percent of total revenues, in the form of grants and payments for services), it has a stated policy of "discrimination" against applicants and employees whose faith or sexual orientation are not acceptable to The Salvation Army. Some organizations, such as the Shark Trust, campaign to limit shark fishing. The Salvation Army in the USA has come under attack for what some people see as discrimination in hiring and for its requirements on how employees should behave. This has caused concern among biologists regarding the increase in effort applied to catching sharks over time, and many species are considered to be threatened. Essentials.

Sharks generally reach sexual maturity slowly and produce very few offspring in comparison to other fishes that are harvested. Calling a generation to dynamic faith, radical lifestyle, adventurous mission and a fight for justice.. Conservationists have campaigned for changes in the law to make finning illegal in the U.S. Mission Statement. There have been cases where hundreds of de-finned animals were swept up on local beaches without any way to convey themselves back into the sea. ALOVE Image
. Sharks are often killed for shark fin soup, in which many sharks are hunted for their fins, which are cut off with a hot metal blade before the live animal is tossed back into the water. Its purpose is to free the youth of the church and their communities to express themselves, and their faith in their own way.

When served in fish and chip shops, it is called 'flake'. In the new millennium, The Salvation Army in the United Kingdom created a sub-brand of itself for the youth, called Alove, The Salvation Army for a new generation. In the Australian State of Victoria shark is the most commonly used fish in fish and chips, in which fillets are battered and deep fried or crumbed and grilled and served alongside chips. Adventure Corps serves boys in 1st through 8th grade. Sharks are a common seafood in many places around the world, including Japan and Australia. In the United States these internal youth groups for girls are known as Girl Guards (older) and Sunbeams (younger). Other sharks are hunted for food (Atlantic thresher, mako and others), and some species for other products. Some territories have Salvation Army Guards and Legions Association (SAGALA).

It was used for purposes similar to sandpaper. The Salvation Army has a number of youth groups associated with it, mainly its Sunday schools and Scout and Guide pack. Sharkskin is covered with dermal denticles, which are similar to tiny teeth. dollars. In the past they were fished simply for the sport of landing a good fighting fish (mako sharks for instance). Most of the donated coins are worth several hundred U.S. Every year, 100 million sharks are killed by people in commercial and recreational fishing. This started in 1982, in Crystal Lake, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.

Sharks have two senses that many animals do not have:. A tradition has developed in the U.S., where, in some places, gold coins are anonymously inserted into the kettles that the bell ringers collect donations in. There are three ways in which shark pups are born:. This campaign is conducted also across North America every year, and generates several million dollars. No known sharks provide parental protection for their young, but females have a hormone that is released into their blood during the pupping season that apparently keeps them from feeding. In many countries The Salvation Army is most recognized during the Christmas season with its volunteers who stand outside of businesses and play/sing Christmas carols, or ring bells to inspire passersby to give donations of cash and checks to the kettles. These pups are either protected by egg cases or born live. The ARC's are located all over the world, are work and Bible based and are usually long term residential facilities.

Instead of producing huge numbers of eggs and larvae (99.9% of which never reach sexual maturity in fishes that use this strategy) sharks normally produce around a dozen pups, some species up to 70-80 and some as few as 2-3. Thrift stores provide the revenue to run the Adult Rehabilitation Centers known as ARC's. Sharks have a much different reproductive strategy than most fishes. The Salvation Army has a history of free rehabilitation from alcohol and drug abuse. In some species, females have evolved thicker skin to withstand the sharks bite marks during mating. The Salvation Army is well-known for its network of Thrift stores, which raise money for its charitable and religious activities by selling donated used goods such as clothing, housewares, etc. The male may come and bite the edges of the female to show his interest. One soldier kept a blog of Hurricane Katrina relief, discussing the spiritual impetus behind the work.

The bite marks can also come from the courtship of the sharks. Trained volunteers, employees, officers, and soliders perform the disaster relief work of the Salvation Army. Many females in the larger species have bite marks that appear to be a result of a male grasping her to maintain position. Most recently they have helped the victims of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake. In the less flexible species the two sharks swim parallel to each other while the male inserts the clasper into the female's oviduct. Later in 2005 they responded to hurricanes Katrina and Rita. The smaller catsharks often mate with the male curling around the female. In August of 2005 they supplied drinking water to poor people affected by the heat wave in the US.

Mating has rarely been observed in sharks. The Sallies were prominent among relief organizations after Hurricane Hugo and Hurricane Andrew and other such natural disasters in the US. This animal is the clearnose skate (Raja eglanteria) which has claspers of 15 cm (6 in) in size on a fish that reaches 1 m (3 feet) in length.). Since then they have helped rebuild homes and construct new boats for people to recover their livelihood. (As a side note, Class Chondrichthyes has the distinction of having the animal with the largest intromittent organ — an organ used for transmitting sperm — in relation to body length. After the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, they arrived immediately at some of the worst disaster sites to help retrieve and bury the dead. The name is somewhat misleading as they are not used to hold on to the female, but are the shark's version of the mammalian penis. They have worked to alleviate suffering and help people rebuild their lives.

The males all have their pelvic fins modified into a pair of claspers. The Salvation Army is one of the largest non-governmental relief agencies and is usually among the first to arrive with help after natural or man-made disasters. The sex of a shark can be easily determined. The Salvationists' nationwide appeals for financial and material donations yielded tremendous support, enabling the Army to provide assistance to many thousands of affected individuals. The jaw was realized to be inaccurate, and estimates revised downwards to around 43 feet (13 metres) to 52 feet (15.9 metres). The Salvation Army's first major forays into Disaster Relief resulted from the tragedies of the Galveston Hurricane of 1900 and the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. A reproduction of the jaw was based on some of the largest teeth (up to almost 17 cm (7 inches) in length) and suggested a fish that could grow 80 feet (25 metres) long to 100 feet (30.5 metres). Some members of The Salvation Army are keen to re-emphasise their role as a Christian church.

The Lamniformes include the extinct Megalodon (Carcharodon megalodon), which like all extinct sharks is only known from its teeth (the only bone found in these cartilaginous fishes, and therefore the only fossils produced). It is now seen externally to be mainly a social services charity and/or thrift shop. There are eight orders of sharks, listed below in roughly their evolutionary relationship from more primitive to more modern species:. Often classified within the taxonomy of Christian denominations as a Methodist faith community, The Salvation Army has always seen itself primarily as a Christian church, but this has been eroded in the public's perceptions over the years. Most of the species we know today are as old as the Jurassic period. Doctrines:. The first sharks appeared in the oceans 400 to 350 million years ago. Mottos:.

There are more than 360 described species of sharks. Mission statement:. It is currently thought that the sharks form a polyphyletic group: in particular, some sharks are more closely related to rays than they are to some other sharks. Strawberry Field closed in 2005. The Elasmobranchii also include rays and skates; the Chondrichthyes also include Chimaeras. The Beatles song "Strawberry Fields Forever" was inspired by the Salvation Army's Strawberry Field Childrens' home in Liverpool, England. Sharks belong to the superorder Selachimorpha in the subclass Elasmobranchii in the class Chondrichthyes. The song Silver Bells, first sung by Bob Hope and Marilyn Maxwell in the movie The Lemon Drop Kid, was inspired by the imagery of Salvation Army bellringers standing outside department stores every Christmas season.

The collective noun for a group of sharks is a shiver. Current bands like New Zealand's Moped and The Lads, England's Electralyte, Australia's Soteria, and America's TransMission, carry on this Salvation Army tradition. The name may have been derived from the Mayan word for shark, xoc, pronounced "shock" or "shawk". Another popular band is The Insyderz, an American ska-core group in the 1990s and early 2000s. The name "Shark" first came into use around the late 1560s to refer to the large sharks of the Caribbean Sea, and later to all sharks in general. The Army's Joy Strings were a hit pop group in the 1960s and early 1970s in the UK and beyond, reaching the charts and being featured on national television. Until the late 16th century sharks were usually referred to in the English language as sea-dogs. The Army tradition in music is to use popular idiom of the day to reach people for Jesus.

These exceptions may be due to the "warm-blooded", or homeothermic, nature of their physiology. Depending on the size, sometimes Salvation Army corps (churches) have brass bands that enhance Sunday services by accompanying the congregation in the singing of hymns and/or during "Praise and Worship" times set aside during the service. Another exception, the Great White, the largest actively predatory shark, is capable of surprising bursts of speed. Philip Smith, principal trumpet of the New York Philharmonic, who still plays and records with the Army's New York Staff Band). The Mako shark is generally considered to be the fastest species of shark, and may be the fastest of all fish (for short bursts). Some professional brass players and contesting brass band personnel have come up through The Salvation Army, and in some cases continue to maintain links (e.g. One exception to this generality is the Mako shark, whose speed may range upwards of thirty miles (48 kilometers) per hour. The standard of playing is high and the Army operates bands at the international level, such as the International Staff Band, which are the equal of professional ensembles, though they do not participate in the brass band contest scene.

In general, sharks swim ("cruise") at an average speed of five miles (8.25 kilometers) per hour, but when feeding or attacking, the average shark will reach speeds upwards of twelve miles (19.25 kilometers) per hour. The Premier Songster Brigade in the Salvation Army is the International Staff Songsters (ISS). A few other shark species do attack people every year, producing wounds that can potentially kill, but this occurs either specifically because they have been provoked, or through mistaken identity due to water conditions or the like. The Salvation Army also has choirs, these are known as Songster Brigades, and these normally comprise of the traditional SATB (Soprano, Alto Tenor and Bass) singers. Many shark species are known to "display" when feeling threatened, and it is ill-advised to remain in the vicinity at such a time as this would generally be considered enough provocation to warrant an attack. Across the world, the brass band has been an integral part of the Army’s ministry, and an immediately recognizable symbol to Salvationists and non-Salvationists alike. In most cases, if a person moves away calmly, or remains still, they will be ignored. Their musical groups, usually a brass band or smaller collection of brass instruments, are seen in public at Army campaigns, as well as at other festivals, parades and at Christmas.

These sharks are also large, powerful predators which can be provoked simply by being in the water at the wrong time and place, but they are normally considered less dangerous to divers and swimmers than the previous group. The tradition of having musicians available continued, and eventually grew into the creation of true bands. This group contains the Mako, Hammerhead, Gray Reef, Black Tip Reef, Lemon, Silky and Blue sharks. A family of musicians, named the Frys, began working with the Army as their "bodyguards" and played music to distract the crowds. A number of other species (perhaps 10 - 15) have threatened, attacked, and/or bitten (but not killed) humans without being obviously provoked. As the popularity of the organization grew and Salvationists worked their way through the streets of London attempting to convert individuals, they were sometimes confronted with unruly crowds. This protects the shark from retribution from a wounded and aggressive target, but also allows humans the time to get out of the water and survive. Additionally, there are millions of volunteers.

This behaviour has many possible explanations, one being that humans don't taste good (or at least, as good), or are lacking the necessary fat, and another being that sharks normally make one swift attack, and then retreat and wait for the victim to die, or exhaust itself, before it comes back to feed. According to the 2006 Salvation Army Year Book, in the United States there are 85,148 Senior Soldiers and 28,377 Junior Soldiers, 17,396 Adherents and around 60,000 employees. Often the shark that attacks a human will make only one bite and then go away. See: High Council of The Salvation Army. Some claim that the shark is confusing a human for a seal or other prey animal; this would be typical in the case of an attack against a surfer. He will take office on April 1, 2006. There are many theories about why sharks attack people. On January 28, 2006 the High Council elected Shaw Clifton as the next General.

These sharks, being large, powerful predators perfectly capable of eating humans, will sometimes attack and kill people, but all of the above sharks, even the Great White, have been filmed in open water, with no cage, time and time again, without incident. Larsson will be retiring in 2006. Out of the more than 360 described species of sharks, only 4 have been confirmed to have killed humans: the Great White, Tiger, Bull, and Oceanic Whitetip sharks. It is led by General John Larsson, who has held this position since 2002. Contrary to popular belief, only a few sharks are dangerous to humans. Its membership includes more than 17,000 active and more than 8700 retired officers , around 100,000 other employees and more than 4.5 million volunteers. only those people who enter the water in the areas populated by sharks). In addition to community centers and disaster relief, the organization does ongoing work in refugee camps, especially among displaced people in Africa.

several hundred people die anually struck by lightning; however, lightning may strike anywhere worldwide, whereas only a very small part of human population is susceptible to shark attacks, i.e. After the United Nations, the Salvation Army is the world's largest provider of social aid, with expenditures of $2.6 billion in 2004, helping more than 30 million people. While sharks cause a few dozen human deaths annually, it is relatively not a large number (e.g. Each of these Territories is led by a Territorial Commander who receives orders from the Salvation Army's International Headquarters in London. The fear of sharks has been fueled worldwide by a few unusual instances of unprovoked attack, such as the Jersey Shore Shark Attacks of 1916, and by sensationalized fiction and film, such as the Jaws series. For example, Japan is one territory, the United States is divided into four Territories: Eastern, Southern, Central, and Western while Germany & Lithuania together are one territory. Their upper jaw are not attached to the skull. Likewise, each Division has a Divisional Headquarters (DHQ).

Urine in sharks accumulates in the blood and is then secreted through the skin. Each Territory has an administrative hub known as Territorial Headquarters (THQ). [1]. For administrative purposes, the organization divides itself geographically into Territories, which are then sub-divided into Divisions. The evidence that sharks are at least resistant to cancer and disease is mostly anecdotal and there have been few, if any, scientific or statistical studies that have shown sharks to have heightened immunity to disease. The Salvation Army operates in 111 countries and provides services in 175 different languages. A popular myth is that sharks are immune to disease and cancer, however, this is untrue and there are both diseases and parasites that affect sharks. The Salvation Army believes, as stated in their first doctrinal statement, that only these scriptures, "constitute the Divine rule of Christian faith and practice.".

Researchers use this condition for handling sharks safely. This mandate is based on the Army's interpretation of the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament. A shark, if inverted, enters a natural state of paralysis. The mission of The Salvation Army is to win the world for Jesus. Their dermal teeth gives them hydrodynamic advantages as they are reducing the turbulence when swimming. Opponents, grouped under the name of the Skeleton Army, disrupted Salvation Army meetings and gatherings, the usual tactics being the throwing of rocks, rats, and tar, and physically assaulting members of The Salvation Army. A similar arrangement of collagen fibres has been discovered in dolphins and squids. As The Salvation Army grew rapidly in the late 1800s, it generated opposition in England.

The sharks saves more energy while swimming this way than if they didn't have their collagenous corset. Any member of the public is welcome to attend their church services. This works as an outer skeleton, providing attachment for their swimming muscles. Soldiers only wear these to attend worship services, not in every day life. Unlike bony fish, the sharks have a complex dermal corset arranged as a helical network and made of flexible collagenous fibres surrounding their body. Its soldiers wear a uniform tailored to the country they work in; they can be white, grey, navy, fawn and are even styled like a sari in some areas. Sand tiger sharks are known to gulp air at the surface and store it in their stomach to provide buoyancy. Among the other long-established beliefs of The Salvation Army are that its members should completely refrain from drinking alcohol (teetotalism), smoking, taking illegal drugs and gambling.

Also, unlike other fish, sharks do not have gas-filled swim bladders, but rather rely on an oil-filled liver for (limited) buoyancy, so they sink when they stop swimming; a resting shark always sinks to the sea bed. They felt that much of what passed for Christianity in their day was primarily an observance of outward ritual. The outflow is strong enough to allow for respiration, and it is believed that the reason for this behaviour is that the fresh water helps remove certain parasites. William and his wife Catherine Booth believed in the teachings of Apostle Paul, that salvation came solely from the grace of God personally received by faith. There are also known instances, such as in certain caves along the Yucatan coast, where sharks of varying species rest on the cave floors and allow the fresh water outflow to pass over them. As a result of Booth's pragmatic approach to ministry, they decided not to include the use of sacraments (mainly baptism and Holy Communion) in the Army's form of worship, believing that many Christians had come to rely on the outward signs of spiritual grace rather than on grace itself. Some sharks, like the Blacktip Reef Shark and Nurse Shark, can pump water over their gills as they rest. The Salvation Army's main converts were at first alcoholics, drug addicts, prostitutes and other "undesirables" of society with whom the Church refused to have any association.

If a shark were to stop swimming, the necessary water circulation for respiration would become too low and the animal could suffocate. On March 10, 1880, Commissioner George Scott Railton and seven young women landed in the USA and began operations. Due to their size and the nature of their metabolism, sharks have a higher demand for oxygen than most fish and they cannot rely on ambient water current to provide an adequate supply of oxygenated water. In 1878, the name was changed to The Salvation Army and a quasi-military outlook was adopted. Like other fish, sharks extract their oxygen from seawater as it passes over their gills. After starting the work outside the East End, the name changed to The Christian Mission. This is possible because of the presence of the rete mirabile, a counter current exchange mechanism that reduces the loss of body heat. It then changed its name to East London Christian Mission.

A few of the larger species, the Mako and White Shark, are mildly homeothermic, able to maintain their body temperature at a level above the ocean's temperature. The Salvation Army was founded by William and Catherine Booth in London in 1865 as an Evangelical movement called the Christian Revival Association. Although not unique among sharks, the Bull Shark is the better known of several species to regularly swim in both salt and fresh water environments (most famously in Lake Nicaragua, in Central America) and in most deltas. . Sharks include everything from the hand-sized Pygmy Shark, a deep sea species, to the Whale Shark, the largest fish (although sharks are not closely related to bony fish) which is known to grow to a maximum length of approximately 15m (49 feet) and which, like the great whales, feeds only on plankton. The Army's headquarters are located in London and there are thousands of branches around the world. There are exceptions to the "large", "marine" (as in 'ocean-going') and "predatory" portions of the characterization. It is structured as a hiearchical organization, with a large number of staff and volunteers.

(Gilbertson, 7.3). It is sometimes affectionately referred to as the "Sally Ann" in Canada, "Sally Army" in the UK and New Zealand, and the "Salvos" in Australia. The lower teeth are primarily used for holding prey, while the top are used for cutting into it. The Salvation Army is a Protestant evangelical Christian denomination and, more famously, a charity and social services organization, with international headquarters at 101 Queen Victoria Street, London. Their teeth are not attached to the jaw, but embedded in their flesh, and in many species are constantly replaced throughout the shark's life. Social Action: Giving a voice to the voiceless.
. Sharks generally rely on their superior sense of smell to find prey, but once they are close they also use the lateral lines running along their sides to sense movement in the water and also employ special sensory pores on their heads (Ampullae of Lorenzini) to detect electrical pulses created by the muscles of prey. Mission: Going into the world to find Jesus and point him out.
.

This membrane covers the eyes during predation, and when it is being attacked. Discipleship: Getting into Jesus and his community.
. To protect their eyes some have nictitating membranes. Worship: Giving our lives and world back to God.
. Sharks have eyelids, but they do not blink because the surrounding water cleans their eyes. We Believe in the immortality of the soul; in the resurrection of the body; in the general judgment at the end of the world; in the eternal happiness of the righteous; and in the endless punishment of the wicked. The effectiveness of the tissue varies, with some sharks having stronger nocturnal adaptations. (1 Thessalonians 5:23).

This tissue is behind the retina and reflects light back to the retina, thereby increasing visibility in the dark waters. We Believe that it is the privilege of all believers to be wholly sanctified, and that their whole spirit and soul and body may be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. Shark eyes are similar to the eyes of other vertebrates, including similar lenses, corneas and retinas, though their eyesight is well adapted to their marine environment with the help of a tissue called tapetum lucidum. We Believe that continuance in a state of salvation depends upon continued obedient faith in Christ. The short duct between the anterior and posterior nasal openings are not fused like in bony fish. We Believe that we are justified by grace through faith in our Lord Jesus Christ and that he that believes has the witness in himself. Some species, such as Nurse sharks, have external barbels that greatly increase their ability to sense prey. We Believe that repentance towards God, faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, and regeneration (being born again) by the Holy Spirit are necessary to salvation.

They are even more attracted to the chemicals found in the gut of many species, and often linger near or in sewage outfalls. We Believe that the Lord Jesus Christ has, by his suffering and death, made an atonement for the whole world so that whosoever will may be saved. Sharks have keen olfactory senses, with some species able to detect as little as one part per million of blood in seawater. We Believe that our first parents were created in a state of innocence, but by their disobedience they lost their purity and happiness, and that in consequence of their fall all men have become sinners, totally depraved, and as such are justly exposed to the wrath of God. . We Believe that in the person of Jesus Christ the divine and human natures are united, so that he is truly and properly God and truly and properly man. Sharks are a group (superorder Selachimorpha) of fish, with a full cartilaginous skeleton, a streamlined body plan, with normally 5, but up to 7 (depending on species) gill slits along the side of, or beginning slightly behind, the head (in some species, a modified slit called a spiracle, is located just behind the eye), dermal denticles covering the body to protect from damage, parasites and improve fluid dynamics, and rows of replaceable teeth in the mouth. We Believe that there are three persons in the Godhead - the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost - undivided in essence and co-equal in power and glory.

The black tip diving shark will can dive up to 250 feet down. We Believe that there is only one God who is infinitely Perfect - the Creator, Preserver and Governor of all things - and who is the only proper object of religious worship. The Basking shark is a shark that will never eat a human. We Believe that the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments were given by inspiration of God; and that only they constitute the divine rule of Christian faith and practice. The people who worshipped him feared to eat, touch or cross the smoke of the kokala, his sacred fish. Kane-i-kokala - A kind shark god that saved shipwrecked people by taking them to shore.

He sometimes moved to another cave on the windward side of island of Moloka'i. Kauhuhu - He was a fierce king shark that lived in a cave in Kipahulu on the island of Maui. He was said to be 30 fathoms (55 m) long and was the husband of Ka'ahupahau. Kuhaimoana - He was the brother of Pele and lived in the Ka'ula islet.

Kua - This was the main shark god of the people of Ka'u, and believed to be their ancestor. He had an affair with a human girl, who gave birth to a helpful green shark. He was called the protector of the Ka'u people. Keali'ikau 'o Ka'u - He was the cousin of Pele and son of Kua.

Kawelomahamahai'a - Another human, he was transformed into a shark. He was a trickster god who performed many heroic feats, including the calming of two legendary colliding hills that destroyed canoes trying to pass between. Kane'apua - Most commonly, he was the brother of Pele and Kamohoali'i. Kaholia Kane - This was the shark god of the ali'i Kalaniopu'u and he was believed to live in a cave at Puhi, Kaua'i.

She was also believed to live near Pearl Harbor. She was later transformed into shark form and was believed to protect the people who lived on O'ahu from sharks. Ka'ahupahau - This goddess was born human, with her defining characteristic being her red hair. At one point he had a he'iau (temple or shrine) dedicated to him on every piece of land that jutted into the ocean on the island of Moloka'i.

A summit cliff on the crater of Kilauea is considered to be one of his most sacred spots. He was able to take on all human and fish forms. Kamohoali'i - The most well known and revered of the shark gods, he was the older and favored brother of Pele, and helped and journeyed with her to Hawaii. The shark can 'hear' frequencies in the range of 25 to 50 Hz using this sense.

The shark uses this to detect other organisms moving, especially wounded fish. It is used to detect motion or 'sound' in the water. Lateral line - This system is found in most fishes, including sharks. It is this sense that sometimes confuses a shark into attacking a boat: when the metal interacts with salt water, sharks can detect the resultant electrical charge from over one mile away.

This sense is used to find prey hidden in sand in bottom feeding sharks, by detecting the nerve impulses. The shark has the greatest electricity sensitivity known in all animals. Electroreception: The Ampullae of Lorenzini are small pits in the head that detect electricity. They choose such areas mainly because of the protection from predators (mainly other sharks) and the abundance of food.

Most ovoviviparous sharks generally give birth in sheltered areas, including bays, river mouths, and shallow reefs. Whale shark eggs found are now thought to have been aborted. The whale shark is now considered to be in this category after having been classified as oviparous for a long time. The survival strategy for the species that do this is that the young are able to grow to an even larger size before being born.

Sand tigers, makos, threshers, porbeagles and possibly great whites have oophagous young. Sometimes they are functional even before being born, as some species practice oophagy, where the first to hatch eat the remaining eggs in the oviduct. As in viviparity, the young are born alive and fully functional. The eggs hatch within the oviduct, and the young continue to be nourished by the remnants of the yolk and the oviduct's fluids.

The young are nourished by the yolk of their egg and by fluids secreted by glands in the walls of the oviduct. Ovoviviparity - Most sharks utilize this method. The blue shark produces the most young of sharks that have had the number of pups recorded, the maximum reported being 82. Dogfishes also have the longest known gestation period of any shark, 22 months.

Hammerheads, the requiem sharks (like the bull and tiger sharks), the basking shark and the smooth dogfishes fall into this category. The young are born alive and fully functional. Viviparity - These sharks actually maintain a placental link to the developing young, more analogous to mammals than other fishes. Oviparous sharks include the horn shark, catsharks, Port Jackson Sharks, and the swell shark.

When they wash up empty on beaches, the egg cases are sometimes called mermaid's purses. Some of these cases are corkscrewed into crevices for protection. In most of these species, the developing embryo is protected by an egg case with the consistency of leather. Oviparity - Some sharks lay eggs.

They are distinguished by their large jaws and ovoviviparous reproduction. They include the goblin shark, basking shark, megamouth shark, the thresher sharks, mako shark and great white shark. Lamniformes: They are commonly referred to as the mackerel sharks. They are distinguished by an elongated snout and a nictitating membrane which protects the eyes during an attack.

Carcharhiniformes: They are commonly referred to as the groundsharks, and some of the species include the blue, tiger, bull, reef and oceanic whitetip sharks (collectively called the requiem sharks) along with the houndsharks, catsharks and hammerhead sharks. Orectolobiformes: They are commonly referred to as the carpet sharks, including zebra sharks, nurse sharks, wobbegongs and the largest of all fishes, the whale shark. Heterodontiformes: They are commonly referred to as the bullhead or horn sharks. Squatiniformes: Angel sharks.

Pristiophoriformes: These are the sawsharks, with an elongated, toothed snout that they use for slashing the fishes that they subsequently eat. Squaliformes: Examples from this group include the bramble sharks, dogfish sharks and roughsharks. Hexanchiformes: Examples from this group include the cow sharks, frilled shark and even a shark that looks on first inspection to be a marine snake.