Sauna

It is said that he warned the people if a fire was threatening the sauna, or punished people who behaved improperly in it – for example slept, or played games or behaved otherwise "immorally" there. The TV network/channel is the cradle of this mega-complex built and increased in last decades for the great financial success gotten by Rede Globo. It was customary to warm up the sauna just for the gnome every now and then, or to leave some food outside for him. Rede Globo is a part of Organizações Globo a communication conglomerate, the 5th biggest of the world. He was always treated with respect, otherwise he might cause much trouble for people. The Marinho family bought the national rights to the documentary, and by refusing to license it to other broadcasters or release it on video, curtailed its distribution in Brazil. Saunatonttu is a little gnome that was believed to be living in the sauna. In 1993 Channel Four made a documentary Beyond Citizen Kane about the power and influence of the network in Brazil.

Even today there is an old saying alive, "saunassa ollaan kuin kirkossa," – you should be in the sauna as in a church. Most notoriously, in 1989, it broadcast an edited version of the last debate between Fernando Collor de Mello, whom it openly favored, and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (current President - 2003/2007), just before election day in a manner that the former received more air time and had more favorable segments of the debate shown. All this also hints to the sauna's old, spiritual essence. Rede Globo has and has had for many years by far the biggest number of viewers in Brazil, thus also having the power to influence election results, especially with the use of it's news broadcasting in manner that is favorable to its proprietors' preferred candidates. In many languages related to Finnish there is a word corresponding to löyly, for example lil in Ostyak, which means soul. It also operates a similar channel in Portugal, called GNT. Originally this word meant spirit or life. TV Globo Internacional operates satellite television channels around the world, including the United States, Europe, Japan and Africa, bringing a mix of entertainment, news and sports programming to Brazilian and other Portuguese-speaking people.

It is a bit difficult to translate, but basically it means the heat of the sauna room, especially the heat you get when you throw water on the hot stones of the sauna oven. Rede Globo has its own TV stations in Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro State), São Paulo (São Paulo), Brasília (Distrito Federal), Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais) and Recife (Pernambuco). One word in Finnish, strictly connected to sauna, is löyly. Is recognized as the world's biggest TV network in territorial distance enclosing all of the States of Brazil. Curing diseases and casting love spells could also happen in the sauna, and, as in many other cultures, fire was seen as a gift from heaven also in Finland, and the hearth and the sauna oven were its altars. Afiliates cover 97% of territory of Brazil. It was, among other things, a place for worshipping the dead – it was thought of as such a wonderful place that it even the dead would surely like to return to it. Projac is one of largest TV production centers in the world and the biggest in Latin America, with numerous scenographic cities as locations for soap operas.

There were also many beliefs and charms that were connected to sauna. Rede Globo has a main production complex in Rio de Janeiro called "Projac" (oficially named "Central Globo de Produção", or Globo Production Center), where most of their shows are produced, and another center in São Paulo. It used to be a holy place, a place where women gave birth and were the bodies of the dead were washed. These are exported all over the world, especially to Portugal where they have a cult following, and are also shown dubbed into different languages. In Finland, sauna is an ancient thing. It is famous for the telenovelas (soap operas) which, together with the news and football, dominate primetime viewing in Brazil. Proper saunas in the United States are either private or are businesses serving a particular ethnic group with a more developed sauna culture. The national news, "Jornal Nacional," was the first to be transmitted nationally in Brazil.

In some health clubs, the sauna gets more use from patrons drying wet clothing than for taking a sauna. Rede Globo is present in all states of the country and is the market leader, with a share of 40-60% of the audience. Sauna users enter and exit the sauna as they please, alternately nude, fully dressed in workout clothes, or dripping wet in swimsuits. The network was aired by Roberto Marinho and the Marinho family. To avoid liability, many saunas operate at only moderate temperatures and do not allow pouring water on the rocks. In 1966 it started to air in São Paulo. While sauna facilities are often provided at health clubs and at hotels, they frequently remain unheated because of disuse. Globo started airing on April 26, 1965 in Rio de Janeiro.

Unfortunately for sauna enthusiasts in the United States, sauna culture is not widespread. . As a result many sentos have added more features such as saunas in order to survive. Is also the third biggest TV channel of the world, being watched by 80 millions people daily. While right after World War II, public bathhouses were commonplace in Japan, the number of customers have dwindled as more people were able to afford houses and apartments equipped with their own private baths as the nation became wealthier. Rede Globo is Brazil's biggest television network and also number one producer and provider of Portuguese language television programming in the world. The saunas are almost always gender separated, often required by law, and nudity is a required part of proper sauna etiquette. Telecurso 2000.

In Japan, many saunas exist at sports centers and public bathhouses (sentos). Um Salto para o Futuro I (produced by TV Escola). As in Africa, on the whole saunas are kept at a much lower temperature than in Europe, and nudity is forbidden. Santa Missa com Padre Marcelo Rossi. In South America saunas are an exclusively upper class affair. Intercine. Single-sex saunas are rare, as well as those which tolerate nudity. Sessão da Tarde.

Here too attitudes are less liberal, mixed-gender people are together and they wear swimsuits. Domingo Maior. Hungarians see the sauna a part of a wider spa culture. Corujão. Saunas in Slovenia and Croatia have setups similar to those in Germany and Austria, and are perhaps a bit more relaxed about enforcing rules. Festival Nacional. In the UK, where public saunas are becoming increasingly fashionable, the practice of alternating between the sauna and the jacuzzi in short seatings (considered a faux pas in Northern Europe) has emerged. Cinema Especial.

Sauna sessions tend to be shorter and cold showers are shunned by most. Sessão de Gala. Nudity is strictly forbidden, a cause of confusion and argument when nationals of these nations cross the border to Germany and Austria or vice versa. Tela Quente. In much of southern Europe, France and the UK single gender saunas are more common than mixed gender saunas. Globo Esporte. Also in respect to socialising in the sauna the Swiss tend more to be like the Swedes of Finns. Esporte Espetacular.

In (at least the German-speaking part of) Switzerland it is generally the same as in Germany and Austria, although you tend to see more families (parents with their children) and young people. Auto Esporte. Cold showers or baths shortly after a sauna, as well as exposure to fresh air in a special balcony, garden or open-air room (Frischluftraum) are considered a must. TV Xuxa. An Aufguss session in progress is indicated by a light or sign hung above the sauna entrance. TV Globinho. During an Aufguss session it is not permitted to enter the sauna, as opening the door would cause loss of heat (though leaving is grudgingly tolerated). TV Colosso.

During an Aufguss session the Saunameister uses a large towel to percolate the hot air through the sauna, intesifying sweating and the perception of heat. Vídeo Show. Aufguss sessions can take up to 10 minutes, and take place according to a schedule. Vale a Pena Ver de Novo. Contrary to Scandinavian countries, pouring water on hot stones to increase humidity (Aufguss) is not normally done by the sauna visitors themselves, but rather by a person in charge (the Saunameister), either an employee of the sauna complex or a volunteer. Sob Nova Direção. Loud conversation is not usually tolerated as the sauna is seen as a place of healing rather than socialising. Sítio do Picapau Amarelo.

Single-gender saunas are rare, though most places organise women-only days once a week. Sexo Frágil. In Germany and Austria on the other hand, nudity is strictly enforced in public saunas, as is the covering of benches with towels. Sai de Baixo. Levels of nudity vary, single sex saunas are as common as mixed sex saunas and people tend to socialise. Programa do Jô. Benelux and Scandinavian countries, where public saunas have been around for a long time too, generally have a moderate, "live and let live" attitude towards sauna going with few traditions to speak of. Os Normais.

In Russia public saunas are strictly single sex while in Finland both types occur. O Clone. These countries boast the hottest saunas and the tradition of beating fellow sauna-goers with birch branches. Malhação. In Finland and Russia sauna going plays a central social role. Mais Você. In many countries sauna going is a recent fashion and attitudes towards saunas are changing, while in others traditions have survived over generations. Hoje é Dia de Maria.

Today, public perception of saunas, sauna "etiquette" and sauna customs vary hugely from country to country. Estação Globo. Although cultures in all corners of the world have imported and adapted the sauna, many of the traditional customs have not survived the journey. Domingão do Faustão. As the home of the sauna, Finnish sauna culture is well established. Casseta & Planeta. See also: gay bathhouse. Big Brother Brasil.

Like at other social gatherings, pairs inclined for sex usually retreat away from the group. Bambuluá. Regardless of whether the participants are completely nude or not, unwelcome sexual advances in the sauna are considered to be a major social blunder. A Turma do Didi. Covering towels may be optional or may alternatively be considered prudish. A Grande Família. Mixed-sex bathing occurs (in finnish sekasauna), but there is seldom a sexual intent. Altas Horas.

In Finland and Northern Scandinavia, many teenagers and young adults have sauna parties. A Diarista. Such a cabin offered privacy when living in confined quarters – and comfortable temperature after finished bathing. Pequenas Empresas, Grandes Negócios. While saunas in modern apartments as a rule are too small, saunas of old farm houses are separate buildings. Linha Direta. It is considered acceptable for a pair to have sex in a sauna, if they are there alone and no one else can be disturbed by it. Jornal Nacional.

Several urban legends exist on what the Scandinavians, and particularly the Finns, do in the saunas that are a part of many or most homes and summer houses. Jornal Hoje. This generally happens more frequently in inner-city areas in the US and the UK than in Continental Europe where a sauna is generally seen as a family or social event. Jornal da Globo. This euphemistic usage generally applies to establishments that advertise themselves as being a sauna rather than those that have a sauna on the premises. Globo Rural. Some such saunas rent out small rooms for this purpose: others are disguised brothels. Fantástico.

In some countries there are adult-only saunas that have different rules and customs, the term "sauna" being used for a bath-house or "health club", sometimes with facilities like a standard sauna, but where people go to find sexual partners and have sex on the premises (however not in the sauna itself). Bom Dia Brasil. But for most people, it is still the health benefits that are the main attraction. Carla Camurati. The possibilities are endless and creating innovative and sometimes quirky designs has become part of the appeal of sauna bathing. José Wilker. You can have a sauna in your home or apartment, in your backyard, on your rooftop, or even in a vehicle or on a pontoon boat. Paulo Gracindo.

There are wet saunas, dry saunas, smoke saunas, steam saunas, and those that work with infrared waves as described above. Francisco Cuoco. Heat sources include wood, electricity, gas and other more unconventional methods such as solar power. Chico Anysio. Today there are a wide variety of sauna options. Lima Duarte. In an infrared sauna, the electric heaters warm the air and also penetrate the skin to encourage perspiration, producing many of the same health benefits of traditional steam saunas. Regina Duarte.

Unlike the sun’s UV radiation, infrared is said to be beneficial to overall health. Deborah Secco. Infrared saunas use a special heater that generates infrared radiation rays similar to that produced by the sun. Glória Menezes. Infrared Saunas, Wet, Dry, Smoke and Steam Saunas. Tarcísio Meira. This led to further evolution of the sauna, including the electric sauna stove, which was invented and implemented in the 1950s and far infrared saunas, which have become popular in the last several decades. Galvão Bueno.

When the Finns migrated to other areas of the globe, they brought their sauna designs and traditions with them, introducing other cultures to the enjoyment and health benefits of saunas. Jô Soares. Because the sauna was often the cleanest structure and had water readily available, Finnish women also gave birth in the sauna. Vera Fisher. The sauna was an important part of daily life, and families bathed together in the home sauna, but the genders didn’t mix in public saunas. Xuxa. The Finns also used the sauna as a place to cleanse the mind, rejuvenate and refresh the spirit, and prepare the dead for burial. Sonia Braga.

The Finns also used vihtas (veh-tas) or bundles of birch twigs to gently slap the skin and create further stimulation of the pores and cells. Rodrigo Santoro. The steam and high heat caused bathers to perspire, thus flushing away impurities and toxins from the body. Fernanda Montenegro. Steam vapor, also called löyly (lou-lu), was created by splashing water on the heated rocks. Universal TV, pay tv channel, 50%. Air temperatures averaged around 180F but often exceeded 200 degrees in a traditional Finnish sauna. Fundação Roberto Marinho, philanthropic foundation.

Eventually the sauna evolved to use a metal woodstove, or kiuas (ke-wus), with a chimney. 98 FM, FM radio station. The Evolution of the Sauna. RBS, AM/FM radio station and TV affiliate. This type of traditional smoke sauna was called a savu, which means smoke in Finnish. CBN, FM news radio network. The wood smoke aroma still lingered and was part of the cleansing ritual. Radio Globo, AM radio network.

Once the temperature reached desired levels, the smoke was allowed to clear and the bathers entered. Globo.com, a webportal. The smoke from the fire filled the room as the air warmed. GNT, pay tv channel in Portugal. Rocks were heated in a stone fireplace with a wood fire. International, pay tv channel worldwide. As tools and techniques advanced, they were later built above ground using wooden logs. Globosat, pay tv channels.

The early Finnish sauna was dug into a hill or embankment. SKY TV Brasil, satellite pay tv, 47%. Historical evidence and records indicate that the Finns built the first wooden saunas over 2000 years ago. NET TV, cable tv network. The Finnish Savu. Globo Video, home video distributor. Public bathhouses that often contained a steam room were common in the 1700s, 1800s and early 1900s and were inexpensive places to go to wash when private facilities were not generally available. Globo Filmes, film studio.

Many cultures have close equivalents, such as the North American First Nations sweat lodge, the Turkish hammam, Roman thermae, Aztec or Maya temazcal and Russian banya. Editora Globo, publishing group. The Finnish-style sauna (generally 70-90 degrees Celsius (158-194 °F), but can vary from 60 to 120 degrees (140-248 °F)) and the wet steam bath are the most widely known forms of sweat bathing. Valor Econômico, daily business newspaper in São Paulo (50%-50% with Grupo Folha). As an additional facility a sauna may have one or more jacuzzis. Diário de São Paulo, daily newspaper in São Paulo. Sometimes draping the towel around the waist is required in the restaurant area. Extra, daily newspaper in Rio de Janeiro.

It may also be noted that engaging in sexual activity in an environment where the temperature approaches 100 °C would be impractical at the least.^{[citation needed]} In the dry sauna and on chairs one sometimes sits on a towel for hygiene and comfort; in the steam bath the towel is left outside. O Globo, daily newspaper in Rio de Janeiro. In fact the sauna is considered not only a sex-free, but also almost a gender-free zone. Social and mixed gender nudity with adults and children is quite common in the conventional sauna, with a strict prohibition of any form of sexual activity. Pouring a few centiliters of beer into the water that is poured on the hot stones releases the odor of the grain used to brew the beer, and can bring a wonderful smell of freshly baked bread into the air.

Although, in the Finnish sauna culture, a beer afterwards is thought to be refreshing and relaxing. Alcoholic drinks are usually not used in the sauna, as the effects of heat and alcohol are cumulative^{[citation needed]}. In Finland, saunas are thought of as a healing refreshment and have been used to "cure" people from many diseases through the ages.^{[citation needed]} There is even a saying: "Jos ei viina, terva tai sauna auta, tauti on kuolemaksi." (If a disease can't be cured by booze, tar, or the sauna, it is fatal.). The cool shower or plunge afterwards always results in a great increase in blood pressure, so careful moderation is advised for those with a history of stroke or hypertension (high blood pressure).

The sauna can be so soothing that heat prostration or the even more serious hyperthermia (heat stroke) can result. Infrared saunas are growing in popularity, using far infrared rays emitted by infrared heaters to create warmth. A draft, even if at 100 °C, may still be unwelcome. Good manners requires that the door to a sauna not be kept open so long that it cools the sauna for those that are already in it.

Finer control over the temperature experienced can be achieved by choosing a higher level bench for those wishing a hotter experience or a lower level bench for a more moderate temperature. The "wet heat" would cause scalding if the temperature were set much higher. Other types of sauna, such as the hammam, where the humidity approaches 100%, will be set to a much lower temperature of around 40 °C to compensate. The hottest Finnish and Swedish saunas have very low humidity levels, which allows air temperatures that could boil water to be tolerated and even enjoyed for short periods of time.

Saunas overcome this problem by controlling the humidity. Under many circumstances, temperatures approaching and exceeding 100 °C (212 °F) would be completely intolerable. This may be a separate area where swimming wear is taken off or a smaller facility in the swimming pool area where one should keep the swimming wear on. They may also be present in a public swimming pool.

Most North American college/university physical education complexes and many public sports centers include sauna facilities. . ^{[citation needed]}. It is believed by some that heavy sweating helps to remove 'toxins' from the body.^{[citation needed]} It is also believed that exposure of the skin to heat stimulates the production of white blood cells and strengthens the immune system.

This induces relaxation and promotes sweating. Taking a sauna is usually a social affair in which the participants disrobe and sit or recline in temperatures of over 80 °C (176 °F). Sauna may also be used as a verb describing the act of using a sauna. These facilities derive from the Finnish sauna.

A sauna is a small room or house designed as a place to experience dry or wet heat sessions, or an establishment with one or more of these and auxiliary facilities.