This page will contain videos about santorini, as they become available.SantoriniSantorini (Greek Σαντορίνη) is a small, circular group of volcanic islands located in the Aegean Sea, about 200 km south-east from the mainland of Greece (latitude: 36.40°N - longitude: 25.40°E). It is also known by the name of the largest island in the archipelago, Thira or Thera (Θήρα; see also List of traditional Greek place names). It is the southernmost member of the Cyclades group of islands, with an area of approximately 73 km² (28 sq mi), and in 2001 had an estimated population of 13,600. It is the most active volcanic centre in the Aegean Arc, though what remains today is largely a caldera. The name Santorini was given to it by the Venetians in the 13th century and is a reference to Saint Irene. Before then it was called Kallisti, Strongili or Thera. The island was the site of one of the largest volcanic eruptions of the last several thousand years when it erupted cataclysmically about 3,500 years ago. The eruption left a large caldera surrounded by volcanic ash deposits hundreds of feet deep, and its effects may have indirectly led to the collapse of the Minoan civilization on the island of Crete, 110 km (70 mi) to the south. "Minoan" AkrotiriLinear A etched on a vase found in AkrotiriExcavations starting in 1967 at the site called Akrotiri under the late Prof. Spyridon Marinatos have made Thera the best-known "Minoan" site outside of Crete, the homeland of the culture. The island was not called Thera at the time. Only the southern tip of a large town has been uncovered, yet it has revealed complexes of multi-level buildings, streets and squares, with remains of walls standing as high as 8 meters, all entombed in the solidified ash of the famous eruption of Thera. The site was not a palace-complex such as are found in Crete, but its excellent masonry and fine wall-paintings show that this was no conglomeration of merchants' warehousing either. A loom-workshop suggests organized textile weaving for export. The "saffron-gatherers"The oldest signs of human settlement are Late Neolithic (4th millennium BC or earlier), but ca 2000–1650 BC Akrotiri developed into one of the Aegean's major Bronze Age ports, with recovered objects that had come not just from Crete but also from Anatolia, Cyprus, Syria and Egypt, from the Dodecanese and the Greek mainland. Pipes with running water and water closets found on Thera are the oldest such utilities discovered. The pipes run in twin systems, indicating that the Therans used both hot and cold water supplies. The hot water's origin was probably geothermic, given the volcano's proximity. Fragmentary wall-paintings at Akrotiri lack the insistent mythological content familiar in both Greek and Christian decor. Instead, the Minoan frescoes depict "Saffron-Gatherers", who offer their crocus-stamens to a seated lady, perhaps a goddess; in another house two antelopes, painted with a kind of confident, flowing decorative, calligraphic line; the famous fresco of a fisherman with his double strings of fish strung by their gills; the flotilla of pleasure boats, accompanied by leaping dolphins, where ladies take their ease in the shade of light canopies. Ancient volcanic eruptionThe devastating volcanic eruption of Thira has become the most famous single event in the Aegean before the fall of Troy. The eruption would have caused a significant climate upset for the eastern Mediterranean region. It was one of the biggest volcanic eruptions on Earth in the last few thousand years. Physical effects of the eruptionThe violent eruption was centred on a small island just north of the existing island of Nea Kameni in the centre of the caldera. The caldera itself was formed several hundred thousand years ago by collapse of the centre of a circular island caused by the emptying of the magma chamber during an eruption. It has been filled several times by ignimbrite since then and the process repeated, most recently 21,000 years ago. The northern part of the caldera was refilled by the volcano and then collapsed again during the Minoan eruption. Before the Minoan eruption, the caldera formed a nearly continuous ring with the only entrance between the tiny island of Aspronisi and Thera. The eruption destroyed the sections of the ring between Aspronisi and Therasia, and between Therasia and Thera, creating two new channels. On Santorini, there is a deposit of white tephra thrown from the eruption; it is up to 60 metres thick overlying the soil marking the ground level before the eruption. The layer is divided into three fairly distinct bands indicating different phases of the eruption. A series of warning earthquakes must have been alarming enough and early enough before the eruption for all the residents to pack up and move out, as not a single body has been found at the Akrotiri site. (The single body found on Therasia has now been identified as a much earlier funerary burial). The thinness of the first ash layer and the likelihood of this layer being eroded by winter rains indicate that the volcano may have given warning at most months in advance and not years as previously believed [1]. It remains to be seen if further excavations will show bodies of people huddled along the coast, too late to get off in a boat to escape the volcano's fury, akin to the finds at Herculaneum, which was buried by the much smaller eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. In a classic Plinian eruption marked by columns of smoke and ash extending high into the stratosphere, the Minoan eruption created a plume 30-35 km in height, and magma coming into contact with the shallow marine embayment would have caused a violent phreatic eruption. The eruption also generated a 35 to 150 m high tsunami (estimates vary) that devastated the north coast of Crete, 110 km (70 mi) away. The impact of the tsunami pummelled coastal towns such as Amnisos, where building walls have been knocked out of alignment. The tsunami would also certainly have eliminated every timber of the Minoan fleet along Crete's northern shore. On the island of Anaphi, 27 km to the east, ash layers 10 feet deep have been found, as well as pumice layers on slopes 250 meters above sea level. Elsewhere in the Mediterranean there are pumice deposits that could be caused by the Thera eruption [2]. Ash layers in cores drilled from the seabed and from lakes in Turkey, though, show that the heaviest ashfall was towards the east and northeast of Santorini. (Ash found in Crete is now known to have been from a precursory phase of the eruption, some weeks or months before the main eruptive phases, and would have had little impact [3].) The volume of ejecta is estimated to have been up to four times what was blown into the stratosphere by Krakatau in 1883, a well-recorded event. (The VEI (Volcanic Explosivity Index) of the Thera eruption was thus about 6.) Every vestige of life is likely to have been eliminated or smothered in the Thera ashfall, leaving an island that had essentially been sterilized, as was Krakatau. Dating the volcanic eruptionThe Minoan eruption provides a fixed point for aligning the entire chronology of the 2nd millennium in the Aegean, because evidence of the eruption occurs throughout the region; however, its exact date is unknown. Current opinion based on radiocarbon dating indicates that the eruption occurred between about 1650 and 1600 BC. These dates, however, conflict with the usual date from archaeology, which is between about 1500 BC and 1450 BC. Some scholars believe the radiocarbon dates to be completely wrong. Some suggest re-scaling archaeological chronologies with the radiocarbon dates. Others look for a compromise between the archaeological and radiocarbon dates for best fits of both sets of data. Re-scaling archaeological chronologies is controversial, because revising the Aegean Bronze Age chronology could require, by association, revising the well-established conventional Egyptian chronology. The debate about the date continues. It has long been hoped that information from Greenland ice cores would determine the date exactly. A large eruption, identified in ice cores and dated to 1644 +/- 20 BC years was suspected to be Santorini. Volcanic ash was retrieved from an ice core, and this was shown not to be from Santorini[4]; so the 1644 BC date is incorrect. Tree ring data shows that a large event interfering with normal tree growth occurred in 1629-1628 BC, which may be the same event as the 1644 BC signal in the Greenland ice cores. However, no firm evidence links these two events and, while unlikely but plausible, the two signals could be separate events. At the present time no hard evidence linking or refuting the 1628 BC tree-ring date with Thera has been found. While an eruption as large as Thera can leave signals in tree rings and ice cores, the absence of such a signal does not mean the absence of an eruption. It is still hoped, though, that Santorini ash might be found in another layer of the ice core, which would fix the date of the eruption. Chinese recordsSome scientists correlate a volcanic winter from the Minoan eruption with Chinese records documenting the collapse of the Xia dynasty in China. Per the Bamboo Annals, the collapse of the dynasty and the rise of the Shang dynasty (independently approximated to 1618 BC) was accompanied by "'yellow fog, a dim sun, then three suns, frost in July, famine, and the withering of all five cereals". Egyptian recordsOddly, there seem to be no surviving Egyptian records of the eruption. Santorini ash deposits were at one time claimed to have been found in the Nile delta, but this is now known to be a misidentification [5]. Suggestions have also been made that the eruption of Thera and volcanic fallout inspired myths of the Titanomachy in Hesiod's Theogony and calamities of the Admonitions of Ipuwer of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt. Association with AtlantisStarting with Spyridon Marinatos' 1939 landmark paper, this cataclysm at Santorini and its possibility to have caused the fall of the Minoan Civilization centered on Crete is sometimes regarded as a likely source or inspiration for Plato's story of Atlantis. Detractors of the theory say that Santorini and Crete combined would not be the size of Plato's Atlantis, and the date of the Minoan collapse does not match Plato's dates for the fall of Atlantis. Scholars such as James Luce and A. G. Galanopoulos argue that the error in date and size could be caused by a mistranscription of the Ancient Egyptian or Mycenaean Linear B symbol for "hundred" as "thousand" (the former is unlikely because there would be little confusion in the visual appearance of hieroglyphic symbols of Egyptian numeric values). These significantly smaller values would make Atlantis the size of Crete's Messara Plain and the fall of the Atlantis c. 1450 BC. Greek, Byzantine and Ottoman SantoriniHouse from the Doric colony of TheraOver the following centuries, first Phoenicians, then Dorians, came to control the island. Thera, the main Hellenic city of the island, on Mesa Vouno, 396 m above sea level was founded in the 9th century BC by Dorian colonists whose leader was Theras, according to tradition, and continued to be inhabited until the early Byzantine period. According to Herodotus (4.149-165), following a drought of seven years, Thera sent out colonists who founded a number of cities in northern Africa, including Cyrene. As with other Greek territories, Santorini then was ruled by the Romans, the Byzantines, and the Franks. The island came under Ottoman rule in 1579. Modern SantoriniOia at nightSantorini was annexed to Greece in 1912. Major settlements in Santorini include Fira (Phira), Oia, Emporio, Kamari, Imerovigli, Pyrgos and Therasia. Akrotiri is a major archaeological site with ruins from the Minoan era. The island has no rivers and water is scarce. Until the early nineties locals used to fill water cisterns from the rain that fell on their roofs and courts, from small springs as well as by importing it from other areas of Greece. Nowadays, there is a desalination plant that provides running, yet nonpotable, water to most houses. The primary industry of Santorini is tourism. The pumice quarries have been closed since 1986 in order to preserve the caldera of Santorini. Santorini is home to a small but flourishing wine industry, based on the indigenous grape variety, Assyrtiko. Assyrtiko vines are extremely old, as they are resistant to phylloxera and have consequently not needed to be replaced during the great phylloxera epidemic of the early 20th century. They are adopted to their native habitat by being planted far apart and their principal source of moisture is dew. They are trained in the shape of baskets, with the grapes hanging inside to protect them from the winds. Also unique is the red, sweet and extremely strong Vinsanto. In 1704 an undersea volcano breached the sea surface forming the current centre of activity at Nea Kameni, and eruptions centred on it continue—three times in the twentieth century, the last being in 1950. Santorini was also struck by a devastating earthquake in 1956. At some time in the future, it will undoubtedly erupt violently again. Panoramic view of the Santorini caldera, taken from Imerovigli.References
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At some time in the future, it will undoubtedly erupt violently again. She has two sisters, Christie and Melissa. Santorini was also struck by a devastating earthquake in 1956. Stratus' mother, Alice is a teacher of Polish descent and her father, John is a real estate agent of Greek descent. In 1704 an undersea volcano breached the sea surface forming the current centre of activity at Nea Kameni, and eruptions centred on it continue—three times in the twentieth century, the last being in 1950. Her motto is, "Preparedness meets opportunity.". Also unique is the red, sweet and extremely strong Vinsanto. Stratus' trademarked catchphrase is "Stratusfaction Guaranteed", with "True Stratusfaction" being the feeling of constantly being challenged and subsequently meeting those challenges. They are trained in the shape of baskets, with the grapes hanging inside to protect them from the winds. In a March 15, 2005 interview with Byte This! (an online talk show), she was quoted as saying;. They are adopted to their native habitat by being planted far apart and their principal source of moisture is dew. Stratus has repeatedly declined to pose nude for Playboy. Assyrtiko vines are extremely old, as they are resistant to phylloxera and have consequently not needed to be replaced during the great phylloxera epidemic of the early 20th century. Stratus has also recorded a song called "I Just Want You", as part of the WWE-produced compilation album, WWE Originals. Santorini is home to a small but flourishing wine industry, based on the indigenous grape variety, Assyrtiko. Stratus has appeared on Mad TV twice and various comedy shows in Canada including Royal Canadian Air Farce and performing on stage at Second City. The pumice quarries have been closed since 1986 in order to preserve the caldera of Santorini. She was then introduced to Trish's date, Jack, which did not set well with James. The primary industry of Santorini is tourism. After the match, Mickie confronted Trish backstage, and again confessed her "love" towards Stratus. Nowadays, there is a desalination plant that provides running, yet nonpotable, water to most houses. This time, the outcome was different, as Ashley was victorious. Until the early nineties locals used to fill water cisterns from the rain that fell on their roofs and courts, from small springs as well as by importing it from other areas of Greece. Just like on that night, Trish was the special guest referee. The island has no rivers and water is scarce. The following week on RAW, Mickie faced Ashley in a rematch from the Royal Rumble. Akrotiri is a major archaeological site with ruins from the Minoan era. James gave Ashley a Mick Kick and left the ring happy while a shocked Trish tended to Ashley. Major settlements in Santorini include Fira (Phira), Oia, Emporio, Kamari, Imerovigli, Pyrgos and Therasia. When Trish pulled Ashley off James. Santorini was annexed to Greece in 1912. Mickie was very upset and started to leave the ring before running back and nailing Ashley with a spear, causing a catfight. The island came under Ottoman rule in 1579. Over the following centuries, first Phoenicians, then Dorians, came to control the island. Before the match, Mickie told Trish, " I love you." James won with a powerbomb as Ashley mounted over her on the turnbuckle. 1450 BC. Trish was the special referee in Ashley's match with James at the Royal Rumble on January 29 in Miami at the American Airlines Arena. These significantly smaller values would make Atlantis the size of Crete's Messara Plain and the fall of the Atlantis c. Trish confronted Mickie on the outside, leaving Ashley in the hands of Victoria, who pinned her after delivering the Widow's Peak. Galanopoulos argue that the error in date and size could be caused by a mistranscription of the Ancient Egyptian or Mycenaean Linear B symbol for "hundred" as "thousand" (the former is unlikely because there would be little confusion in the visual appearance of hieroglyphic symbols of Egyptian numeric values). The following week, when Mickie was apologizing to Ashley for what she did while they were preparing for their match, Mickie slapped Trish's rear, to which she implied was "just for luck." The trio ended up losing to "Vince's Devils" when Mickie attacked Ashley after she was knocked into her. G. The night after on RAW, Ashley defeated Trish by DQ in a match for the Women's Title when James interfered and backstage Ashley told Trish that Mickie was a psycho. Scholars such as James Luce and A. Mickie proceeded to make Trish uncomfortable by saying that it felt like silk when their skin came into contact. Detractors of the theory say that Santorini and Crete combined would not be the size of Plato's Atlantis, and the date of the Minoan collapse does not match Plato's dates for the fall of Atlantis. Mickie came in excited, with Trish asking her if she knew that she lost the match. Starting with Spyridon Marinatos' 1939 landmark paper, this cataclysm at Santorini and its possibility to have caused the fall of the Minoan Civilization centered on Crete is sometimes regarded as a likely source or inspiration for Plato's story of Atlantis. Afterward, she had a brief stare down with Lita (many believe this is a glimpse into the future) before answering questions on WWE Instant Access. Suggestions have also been made that the eruption of Thera and volcanic fallout inspired myths of the Titanomachy in Hesiod's Theogony and calamities of the Admonitions of Ipuwer of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt. Stratus retained her title by defeating Mickie James with the Chick Kick at New Year's Revolution on January 8, 2006. Santorini ash deposits were at one time claimed to have been found in the Nile delta, but this is now known to be a misidentification [5]. Mickie finally gave Trish her towel back, but not before complimenting her on her "nice breasts.". Oddly, there seem to be no surviving Egyptian records of the eruption. She took her towel and wouldn't give it back until Trish heard her out. Per the Bamboo Annals, the collapse of the dynasty and the rise of the Shang dynasty (independently approximated to 1618 BC) was accompanied by "'yellow fog, a dim sun, then three suns, frost in July, famine, and the withering of all five cereals". Frustrated that Trish wasn’t returning her calls, Mickie found Trish in the shower. Some scientists correlate a volcanic winter from the Minoan eruption with Chinese records documenting the collapse of the Xia dynasty in China. Mickie James was in another compromising situation with the Women’s Champion the next week. It is still hoped, though, that Santorini ash might be found in another layer of the ice core, which would fix the date of the eruption. The suprised Stratus, in disbelief, ran from the situation, stressing out James. While an eruption as large as Thera can leave signals in tree rings and ice cores, the absence of such a signal does not mean the absence of an eruption. On the December 26, 2005 episode of RAW, Mickie James shared an "intimate" kiss with Stratus under a mistletoe. At the present time no hard evidence linking or refuting the 1628 BC tree-ring date with Thera has been found. At the 2005 Survivor Series on November 27, Stratus, with the interference of Mickie James, defeated Melina to retain her title. However, no firm evidence links these two events and, while unlikely but plausible, the two signals could be separate events. Melina then kicked Stratus in the head, knocking her and the chair over. Tree ring data shows that a large event interfering with normal tree growth occurred in 1629-1628 BC, which may be the same event as the 1644 BC signal in the Greenland ice cores. Melina then challenged Stratus to a match for the Women's Championship the following Sunday at the 2005 Survivor Series, which Stratus agreed to. Volcanic ash was retrieved from an ice core, and this was shown not to be from Santorini[4]; so the 1644 BC date is incorrect. When they had Stratus bound and tied to a chair, they revealed themselves to be Joey Mercury and Johnny Nitro of MNM, acting on the instructions of Melina. A large eruption, identified in ice cores and dated to 1644 +/- 20 BC years was suspected to be Santorini. On the November 21 episode of RAW, Stratus was abducted by two masked men and carried to an undisclosed part of the arena. It has long been hoped that information from Greenland ice cores would determine the date exactly. Melina eliminated Stratus to win the bout. The debate about the date continues. Trish Stratus met Melina in the ring for the first time on November 14 in a mixed brand diva battle royal. Re-scaling archaeological chronologies is controversial, because revising the Aegean Bronze Age chronology could require, by association, revising the well-established conventional Egyptian chronology. Stratus successfully defended the Women's Title in a "Fulfill Your Fantasy" Diva battle royal at Taboo Tuesday 2005. Others look for a compromise between the archaeological and radiocarbon dates for best fits of both sets of data. A week later, Trish Stratus' "number one fan" Mickie James made her debut, saving Stratus and Ashley from an attack from Victoria. Some suggest re-scaling archaeological chronologies with the radiocarbon dates. At WWE Homecoming, the duo defeated Wilson, Candice, and Victoria in a Bra and Panties Match. Some scholars believe the radiocarbon dates to be completely wrong. On September 18 at Unforgiven 2005, Stratus and Ashley defeated Victoria and Wilson in a tag team match. These dates, however, conflict with the usual date from archaeology, which is between about 1500 BC and 1450 BC. On September 12, 2005, Stratus returned to RAW and turned face once again by joining forces with Ashley Massaro against Torrie Wilson, Candice Michelle and Victoria. Current opinion based on radiocarbon dating indicates that the eruption occurred between about 1650 and 1600 BC. She berated him after the match and he gave her a bear hug and followed up with a big splash. The Minoan eruption provides a fixed point for aligning the entire chronology of the 2nd millennium in the Aegean, because evidence of the eruption occurs throughout the region; however, its exact date is unknown. Storyline wise, she was attacked by Viscera after he failed to take out Lita's "husband" Kane. (The VEI (Volcanic Explosivity Index) of the Thera eruption was thus about 6.) Every vestige of life is likely to have been eliminated or smothered in the Thera ashfall, leaving an island that had essentially been sterilized, as was Krakatau. In May 2005, Stratus was removed from competition, due to a herniated disc. The volume of ejecta is estimated to have been up to four times what was blown into the stratosphere by Krakatau in 1883, a well-recorded event. Stratus successfully defended her title at WrestleMania 21 on April 3, 2005 against 2004 RAW Diva Search winner Christy Hemme. (Ash found in Crete is now known to have been from a precursory phase of the eruption, some weeks or months before the main eruptive phases, and would have had little impact [3].). Stratus quickly took advantage of the situation, nailing Lita with a Chick Kick to the head to win her record sixth Women's Championship. Ash layers in cores drilled from the seabed and from lakes in Turkey, though, show that the heaviest ashfall was towards the east and northeast of Santorini. Lita tore her ACL when she connected with a Lou Thesz press off the ring apron, onto the arena floor. Elsewhere in the Mediterranean there are pumice deposits that could be caused by the Thera eruption [2]. On January 9, 2005 at New Year's Revolution in Puerto Rico, Lita defended her title against Stratus. On the island of Anaphi, 27 km to the east, ash layers 10 feet deep have been found, as well as pumice layers on slopes 250 meters above sea level. She warned the eventual DS winner that she would be hazing them as part of an "initiation party" next week on Raw. The tsunami would also certainly have eliminated every timber of the Minoan fleet along Crete's northern shore. The feud began when Jonathon Coachman was about to announce the winner of the first Diva Search Contest, and Trish Stratus's music hit and she came out wearing a short blue dress. The impact of the tsunami pummelled coastal towns such as Amnisos, where building walls have been knocked out of alignment. One notable feud in her 2004 title run was with Christy Hemme. The eruption also generated a 35 to 150 m high tsunami (estimates vary) that devastated the north coast of Crete, 110 km (70 mi) away. Stratus would continue to hold the title for the next six months, fending off all challenges and even tying the record for the fastest match in wrestling history, pinning Nidia in just three seconds on the July 5, 2004 edition of RAW. In a classic Plinian eruption marked by columns of smoke and ash extending high into the stratosphere, the Minoan eruption created a plume 30-35 km in height, and magma coming into contact with the shallow marine embayment would have caused a violent phreatic eruption. This win was historic for Stratus, as she became the first-ever five time WWE Women's Champion. It remains to be seen if further excavations will show bodies of people huddled along the coast, too late to get off in a boat to escape the volcano's fury, akin to the finds at Herculaneum, which was buried by the much smaller eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. Lita appeared to have victory at hand following a DDT to Gail Kim, but Stratus moved in for the kill, rolling up Lita from behind for the win and the title. The thinness of the first ash layer and the likelihood of this layer being eroded by winter rains indicate that the volcano may have given warning at most months in advance and not years as previously believed [1]. At Bad Blood on June 13, 2004, the Women's Championship was defended by Victoria, in a Fatal Four Way Elimination Match. (The single body found on Therasia has now been identified as a much earlier funerary burial). As the Jericho/Christian feud reached its conclusion, Stratus refocused herself on the Women's Championship. A series of warning earthquakes must have been alarming enough and early enough before the eruption for all the residents to pack up and move out, as not a single body has been found at the Akrotiri site. The Stratus/Christian union would continue for several more months, and even saw the addition of a "problem solver" to their mix, the hulking Tyson Tomko. The layer is divided into three fairly distinct bands indicating different phases of the eruption. She also revealed to the fans how much she "likes it rough." She ended the promo by proclaiming to Jericho and to the world, "You can't get no...Stratusfaction.". On Santorini, there is a deposit of white tephra thrown from the eruption; it is up to 60 metres thick overlying the soil marking the ground level before the eruption. The following night on RAW, after the two squashed Spike Dudley in an unprovoked attack, Stratus revealed on how she had never forgiven Jericho for the Canadian dollar bet, how her feelings of sadness and hurt ate away at her for months as she plotted her ultimate revenge. The eruption destroyed the sections of the ring between Aspronisi and Therasia, and between Therasia and Thera, creating two new channels. Before they departed, Christian grabbed Stratus's hair, pulled her to his lips, and passionately kissed his new girlfriend. Before the Minoan eruption, the caldera formed a nearly continuous ring with the only entrance between the tiny island of Aspronisi and Thera. Christian and Stratus walked away holding hands, mocking their former friend who sat in the ring looking on with an expression of disbelief. The northern part of the caldera was refilled by the volcano and then collapsed again during the Minoan eruption. Stratus suddenly reared back and throttled Jericho with a vicious haymaker, which Christian followed with the Un-Prettier. It has been filled several times by ignimbrite since then and the process repeated, most recently 21,000 years ago. As Jericho tried to hold Stratus back, though, the fans witnessed the turn of Stratus. The caldera itself was formed several hundred thousand years ago by collapse of the centre of a circular island caused by the emptying of the magma chamber during an eruption. After the match, Stratus appeared to be all apologies, but as she and Jericho argued in the ring, Christian came running back down the aisle, to seemingly get his hands on Stratus in a violent and hateful manner once again. The violent eruption was centred on a small island just north of the existing island of Nea Kameni in the centre of the caldera. Her elbow jabbed Jericho's temple, and Christian scored a roll up pin for the three count. It was one of the biggest volcanic eruptions on Earth in the last few thousand years. Jericho made the save, but when he leaned down to assist his fallen friend, Stratus thrust forth an elbow, apparently believing that it was Christian. The eruption would have caused a significant climate upset for the eastern Mediterranean region. Christian, apparently disgusted by Stratus's presence, pulled her violently into the ring and attempted to attack her. The devastating volcanic eruption of Thira has become the most famous single event in the Aegean before the fall of Troy. Stratus surged toward the ring late in the match, appearing to be firmly in Jericho's corner. Instead, the Minoan frescoes depict "Saffron-Gatherers", who offer their crocus-stamens to a seated lady, perhaps a goddess; in another house two antelopes, painted with a kind of confident, flowing decorative, calligraphic line; the famous fresco of a fisherman with his double strings of fish strung by their gills; the flotilla of pleasure boats, accompanied by leaping dolphins, where ladies take their ease in the shade of light canopies. Unbeknown to the fans in attendance, it was only just getting warmed up. Fragmentary wall-paintings at Akrotiri lack the insistent mythological content familiar in both Greek and Christian decor. It appeared this long and intense storyline would reach its conclusion on this night. The hot water's origin was probably geothermic, given the volcano's proximity. A match was soon signed for WrestleMania XX on March 14, 2004, in Madison Square Garden, pitting Chris Jericho against his former best friend, Christian. The pipes run in twin systems, indicating that the Therans used both hot and cold water supplies. Stratus was taken out of action for several weeks with injuries, and Christian gloated over his actions. Pipes with running water and water closets found on Thera are the oldest such utilities discovered. In the ring, however, Christian instead plowed Stratus down with a clothesline, and locked her in Jericho's submission hold, the Walls of Jericho. The oldest signs of human settlement are Late Neolithic (4th millennium BC or earlier), but ca 2000–1650 BC Akrotiri developed into one of the Aegean's major Bronze Age ports, with recovered objects that had come not just from Crete but also from Anatolia, Cyprus, Syria and Egypt, from the Dodecanese and the Greek mainland. In the dressing room prior to the contest, Christian (feigning friendship with Stratus) promised her he would lay down and allow her to pin him. A loom-workshop suggests organized textile weaving for export. It looked like everything became crystal clear on the February 23, 2004 RAW, when Christian was booked to face Stratus in a one-on-one match by RAW General Manager Eric Bischoff. The site was not a palace-complex such as are found in Crete, but its excellent masonry and fine wall-paintings show that this was no conglomeration of merchants' warehousing either. To the face of Jericho, he was very accepting of his feelings for Stratus...but to Stratus's face, Christian seemed to be courting her affections. Only the southern tip of a large town has been uncovered, yet it has revealed complexes of multi-level buildings, streets and squares, with remains of walls standing as high as 8 meters, all entombed in the solidified ash of the famous eruption of Thera. Meanwhile, Christian appeared to be harboring jealousy, accusing Stratus of driving a wedge into his partnership with Jericho and labeling her "Yoko Ono." But soon, Christian also appeared to have something of a change of heart, albeit a very condescending one. The island was not called Thera at the time. At first, Stratus was unwilling to show Jericho any forgiveness, but appeared to accept his apologies enough to at least accept him as a friend. Spyridon Marinatos have made Thera the best-known "Minoan" site outside of Crete, the homeland of the culture. Soon, it became obvious that Jericho was feeling an enormous amount of guilt for initiating the Canadian dollar bet. Excavations starting in 1967 at the site called Akrotiri under the late Prof. In what now can be viewed as a harbinger of things to come, Stratus seemed to take a lot more pleasure in beating down Jericho than Jericho had in facing her in a match. . Apparently, Jericho was starting to develop true feelings for Stratus, and was having a difficult time going through with the match before him. The eruption left a large caldera surrounded by volcanic ash deposits hundreds of feet deep, and its effects may have indirectly led to the collapse of the Minoan civilization on the island of Crete, 110 km (70 mi) to the south. The following week, Stratus and Lita confronted and assaulted Jericho and Christian in front of a nationwide viewing audience on RAW, leading to a "battle of the sexes" tag team match held at Armageddon on December 14, 2003. The island was the site of one of the largest volcanic eruptions of the last several thousand years when it erupted cataclysmically about 3,500 years ago. Stratus, who was to present Jericho with a handmade Canadian hockey jersey as a gift, heard every word and every laugh from outside the dressing room, and it brought her to tears. Before then it was called Kallisti, Strongili or Thera. On the December 1, 2003 RAW, Jericho and Christian were overheard in the locker room mocking Stratus' and Lita's affections, and revealed a bet the two of them had with one another (for one Canadian dollar) to see which man could sleep with their chosen Diva first. The name Santorini was given to it by the Venetians in the 13th century and is a reference to Saint Irene. As it turned out, they were anything but. It is the most active volcanic centre in the Aegean Arc, though what remains today is largely a caldera. To many fans, neither courtship looked to be on the up and up. It is the southernmost member of the Cyclades group of islands, with an area of approximately 73 km² (28 sq mi), and in 2001 had an estimated population of 13,600. At the same time, Jericho's friend and tag team partner Christian was courting Stratus' close friend Lita. It is also known by the name of the largest island in the archipelago, Thira or Thera (Θήρα; see also List of traditional Greek place names). Stratus and Jericho appeared smitten with each other. Santorini (Greek Σαντορίνη) is a small, circular group of volcanic islands located in the Aegean Sea, about 200 km south-east from the mainland of Greece (latitude: 36.40°N - longitude: 25.40°E). One which apparently showed warmth, caring, and compassion. Thera (Santorin) - Catholic Encyclopedia article. Soon, however, Stratus started to slowly warm up to Jericho, seeing a side of him that many fans and fellow competitors did not see very often. 79-88. Even Stratus seemed dumbfounded initially. The Thera Foundation, London, p. One night on RAW, as Stratus was being attacked by Victoria and Steven Richards, Jericho inexplicably rushed the ring and warded off the attackers. (ed.) Thera and the Aegean World III, v.2. October 2003 would mark the beginning of what would be Stratus' most emotional WWE saga; the triangle between Stratus, Chris Jericho, and Christian. A. Thanks to an assist from the returning Lita, however, it would be Stratus who gained the last laugh. In: Hardy, D. Soon, Molly approached Kim with the idea of forever ending Stratus's wrestling career, and for a time, it seemed as though it would happen. (1990) Precursory Activity to the Minoan Eruption, Thera, Greece. Kim helped Stratus to her feet before viciously clotheslining her to the mat. and McCoy, F. Two weeks later, the now former Champion Kim, who lost the title to Molly Holly the previous week, appeared to be saving Stratus from a two-on-one assault by Molly and Victoria. ^ Heiken, G. A miscommunication between Stratus and Kim during a tag team match on RAW (in which Stratus misfired a Chick kick and accidentally nailed her partner) left Kim embittered. 4. Stratus was engaged in a heated feud with newcomer Gail Kim, who won the Women's Championship on her first televised WWE match, by winning a battle royal. (2004), Volcanic ash retrieved from the GRIP ice core is not from Thera, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, v. Despite losing the Championship back to Jazz the following month, Stratus stayed in the hunt for the fifth Women's Championship. ^ Keenan D.J. At WrestleMania XIX on March 30, 2003, Stratus won her fourth WWE Women's Championship, in a triple threat match against two of her greatest rivals, the psychotic Victoria and Jazz. 610. Trish improved a lot in 2002 she got in the ring all most every couple days being that she was defending the title on both SmackDown! and RAW. 363, p. Stratus also became WWE's most popular Diva, gracing the cover of WWE Divas 2002 swimsuit magazine (an alternate cover with Lita), and also winning the Woman of the Year achievement award as voted by the readers of Pro Wrestling Illustrated magazine. (1993), Tephra from the Minoan eruption of Santorini in sediments of the Black Sea, Nature, v. She even managed to win the Hardcore Championship from Crash Holly, on May 6, 2002, before losing it the same night to Steven Richards. et al. Stratus would go on to show significant improvement between the ropes, winning the Championship on two more occasions in 2002, from Jazz and Molly Holly, respectively. ^ Guichard F. Stratus had won her first WWE Women's Championship. (2003), Scientists Revisit an Aegean Eruption Far Worse Than Krakatoa, October 21, 2003, The New York Times. Stratus pinned Ivory after unveiling her new Stratusfaction finisher, a modified bulldog headlock which saw Stratus apply the headlock, climb the ropes, and in mid-air, catapult herself backwards to the canvas with her opponent's head still gripped in her arms. Broad, William J. Her return came at the Survivor Series on November 18, 2001, in a six-pack challenge for the vacant WWE Women's Championship, with Stratus facing off with Lita, Mighty Molly, Jacqueline, Ivory, and former ECW mainstay Jazz. A historical account of the eruption and its effects from a geological point of view with many drawings, figures and pictures. By the time she returned to the ring, she was better prepared for in-ring combat than she had ever been before. McBirney (Translator): Fire in the Sea: Natural History and the Legend of Atlantis, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom 1999. Finlay's schoolings served Stratus well. Friedrich, Alexander R. She received extensive ring training from Dave Finlay, a former WCW Television Champion. Walter L. When she was not doing the show, Stratus continued training and rehabilitation, preparing herself for her comeback in the ring. ISBN 0820448893. As she rehabbed, Stratus kept herself visible by co-hosting Excess on TNN. Forsyth, Phyllis Y.: Thera in the Bronze Age, Peter Lang Pub Inc, New York 1997. It would be at least four months before Stratus would fully heal and be able to continue her pursuit of wrestling glory. Her journey was temporarily cut short in the summer of 2001, however, when Stratus chipped a bone in her ankle and underwent surgery to repair it. After her episode with the McMahon family, Stratus began focusing wrestling in the ring full-time. Shortly thereafter, Linda stood up out of her wheelchair and kicked Vince in the groin, enabling Shane to gain control of the match and eventually pin his father. When the action was taken to the floor, Stratus walked up to Vince and slapped the taste out of his mouth before chasing Stephanie from ringside. During a Street Fight between Vince and his son, then-WCW "owner" Shane McMahon, Stratus rolled out a seemingly catatonic Linda McMahon in a wheelchair to the ring. Few knew however that this was all part of a master plan Stratus had set into motion to embarrass her antagonist, and at WrestleMania X-Seven a month later, it all became crystal clear. Shockingly, she did. Vince then said that the apology would only be accepted if she stripped down to her undergarments, got on all fours, and barked like a dog. The following week on RAW, Stratus actually gave Vince an apology for the disruption she felt he had caused in his life. Vince stood over Stratus, and he told her she was a toy that he had grown tired of playing with. Regal executed the Regal Cutter on Stratus, and Stephanie then dumped mud over Stratus's prone body. In the midst of a tag team match that pitted Vince and Stratus against Regal and Stephanie, Stratus found herself the victim of a grand set-up by Vince, Stephanie and Regal. At No Way Out on February 25, Stratus and Stephanie squared off, with "The Billion-Dollar Princess" scoring a tainted win via the interference of William Regal. Vince and Stratus's relationship increasingly angered the boss's daughter, Stephanie McMahon-Helmsley. In early 2001, Stratus became involved in a storyline with WWF Chairman Vince McMahon, during a time when Vince's wife Linda was "institutionalized" following a demand Vince had made for a divorce during a live show in Madison Square Garden in December 2000. Stratus would go on to manage Val Venis to the Intercontinental Championship, but by that time, Stratus seemed to be outgrowing managing, as she had bigger aspirations on her mind. Although Stratus and her team lost the bout, she was not about to leave that night without making her mark, and proceeded to whip Lita with a leather strap before exiting the ring. It was not long before Stratus began competing in actual matches, one of the earliest examples being a six-person tag team match at Fully Loaded on July 23, 2000, as Stratus teamed with T & A to face The Hardy Boyz and Lita. More and more, Stratus found herself getting physically involved in the action, taking her bumps from Superstars like The Big Show and Chyna, and even suffering a stink face from Rikishi. However, unlike many Divas before her, it only served to whet Stratus's appetite for in-ring action. It was during her stint managing T & A when Stratus had her first taste of punishment in the ring, being driven through a table by The Dudley Boyz after weeks of taunting the team, in particular Bubba Ray Dudley, notorious for his fondness for putting females through tables. Not long after, Stratus began her first role in the company, managing Test and Albert in the tag team T & A. Stratus appeared on the runway, appearing to scout certain WWF Superstars, in particular Test and Prince Albert. Her first WWF appearance took place on March 19, 2000 on Sunday Night Heat. Growing up, Stratus idolized Hulk Hogan, and also had siblings and relatives who helped increase her interest in sports entertainment. The WWF again had contacted her in late-1999, and this time, Stratus was ready to start her career in sports entertainment, having been a fan since her childhood. Soon afterward, Stratus began her training at the gym of Ron Hutchinson, the same facility where Superstars like Edge and Christian had also trained for the ring. This caught the attention of the WWF, whose agents told Stratus that if she felt she had more to her than her looks alone, then she should start training for a wrestling career. At one point, she also co-hosted a Canadian pro wrestling talk show called Live Audio Wrestling. Under the stage name of Trish Stratus, Stratigias quickly risen as one of the most popular models in the fitness industry, having appeared on over twenty fitness magazine covers around the world. After accepting a job at a local gym, Stratigias found herself responding to the urging of her peers there and became a fitness model. However, York University went on strike during her graduating year, leaving Stratigias with no other choice at that time but to pursue other career options. In 1997, with the World Wrestling Federation experiencing a change in "Attitude" (rougher-edged characters like Stone Cold Steve Austin replacing the clean-cut heroes of yore like Bret Hart), Patricia Anne Stratigias was a student at York University in Toronto, majoring in biology and kinesiology in hopes of reaching her goal of attending medical school. . She was voted "WWE Babe of the Year" three times between 2001 and 2003, but was defeated by Stacy Keibler in the 2004 competition. As a sports entertainer, she was proclaimed the WWE Diva of the Decade on RAW's 10th Anniversary show. She also released a calendar series called "Dream Team" with fellow model, Stacey Lynn. As a fitness model, Stratus has been featured on the cover of many major health and fitness magazines such as Musclemag, Flare and Total Women's Fitness. [1]. Stratus is marketed as the first woman in WWE history to have held the WWE Women's Championship six times, two more than the four title reigns of The Fabulous Moolah recognized by WWE. Patricia Anne Stratigias (born December 18, 1975 in Richmond Hill, Ontario), better known by her stage and ring name, Trish Stratus, is a Canadian professional wrestler and fitness model, currently working for World Wrestling Entertainment's RAW brand. 1-time WWE Hardcore Champion. 6-time WWF/E Women's Champion. Vince McMahon. Viscera. Val Venis. Tyson Tomko. Test. Ashley Massaro. Chris Jericho. Mickie James. Christian. Kurt Angle. Albert. Dominant hand: Right. Shoe size: 7.5. Measurements: 36-24-36 D. Eye color: Hazel. Natural hair color: Brunette. Back Chops. Standing Dropkick. Leg Drop. Victory roll. Tilt-a-whirl headscissors. The MaTrish. Spinebuster. Air Canada (Lou Thesz press) accompanied with right hands to the skull of opponent. StratusFear (handstand frankensteiner). Running headlock bulldog from the corner. Stratusfaction (springboard bulldog). Chick Kick (roundhouse kick). |