Sabah

The newspaper was founded by Donald Stephens, who later became the First Chief Minister of Sabah. Bud Grant coached four Vikings losses in the 1970s, Marv Levy coached four consecutive losses with the Buffalo Bills in the 1990s, and Dan Reeves coached four losses between two teams (three with the Denver Broncos and one with the Atlanta Falcons). Sabah's first established newspaper was the New Sabah Times. Don Shula, Bill Parcells, Dan Reeves, Dick Vermeil, and Mike Holmgren all took more than one team to the Super Bowl. Visit Atama's website[1]. And recently, Bill Belichick won three with the Patriots. Atama's debut album My Tribal Roots was released on 30th May 2005. Joe Gibbs also won three Super Bowls with the Washington Redskins.

Sabah's first hip hop recording artist is Atama, real name Andrew Ambrose Mudi, who has successfully fused hip hop and tribal music. Bill Walsh won three with the San Francisco 49ers. Sabah's first homegrown film was Orang Kita, starring Abu Bakar Ellah. Chuck Noll won four in the 1970's with the Pittsburgh Steelers. Some films and shows filmed in Sabah include the first season of reality show Survivor, The Amazing Race, Eco-Challenge Borneo, Bat*21, and Sacred Planet. Tom Landry also coached two winners and three losers with the Dallas Cowboys. Noteworthy mentions include filmmaker Tony Francis Gitom, and their many high-placing contestants on local shows Malaysian Idol and Akademi Fantasia. Don Shula coached two different teams: a loss with the Baltimore Colts and two wins and three losses with the Miami Dolphins.

Sabah is not known for producing many well-known media figures, but the few it has produced have made their mark. Vince Lombardi's Green Bay Packers won the first two. The most popular tourist destinations include:. Super Bowl wins and losses tend to cluster around a few head coaches. Tourism, particularly eco-tourism, is a major contributor to the economy of Sabah.
. The federal government extracts 95% of the revenues generated by Sabah, leaving only 5% for local needs.. Following their 48-21 loss to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2003, the Raiders posted a 4-12 record in the 2003 NFL season, the worst post-Super Bowl record, and as of the end of the 2005 NFL season, have not recovered.

Part of the problem is the inequitable distribution of wealth between the State and the Federal government. The most glaring example is the Oakland Raiders. The state has the highest poverty level in the country at 16 per cent, more than three times the national average. The most recent is the Philadelphia Eagles, who lost Super Bowl XXXIX to the New England Patriots in the 2004 season (played on February 6, 2005), who posted a 6-10 record in the 2005 season. In 2000, Sabah had an unemployment rate of 5.6 per cent - the highest of any Malaysian state and almost twice the national average of 3.1 per cent. There are notable exceptions to this pattern, such as the Buffalo Bills who went to the Super Bowl and lost four years in a row, from XXV to XXVIII. Average incomes are now among the lowest in Malaysia, and with a considerably higher cost of living than in West Malaysia. This effect can be traced to the loss of momentum a team has built up, accumulating injuries, losing successful free agents between seasons, and the aging of talented players.

However, despite its vast wealth of natural resources, Sabah is currently the poorest of Malaysia's states. The season after a Super Bowl loss, a team usually returns with a losing, or mediocre at best, record. In 1970, Sabah ranked as one of the richest states in the federation, with a per capita GDP second only to Selangor (which then included Kuala Lumpur). Commentators and sports analysts note a tendency for teams that have made it to the Super Bowl and lost, to collapse the following season. Tourism is currently the second largest contributor to the economy. While most home teams in the Super Bowl choose to wear their colored jerseys, only the Cowboys in XIII and XXVII, the Washington Redskins in XVII, and the Pittsburgh Steelers in Super Bowl XL have worn white as the home team. Other agricultural products important in the Sabah economy include rubber and cacao. The Dallas Cowboys wore their rarely used blue uniform tops in Super Bowl V, and lost to the then-Baltimore Colts, which has led to the widely held belief that the Cowboys do not play well in their blue shirts.

Sabah's economy was traditionally heavily lumber dependent, based on export of tropical timber, but with increasing depletion of the natural forests and ecological efforts to save remaining natural rainforest areas, palm oil has emerged as a more sustainable resource. Prior to that, the home team always wore the dark jerseys. See Demographics of Malaysia for some further details about the population. The home team is given the choice of either wearing their colored jerseys or their white ones; this started with Super Bowl XIII.
The federal government of Malaysia officially recognizes 28 ethnic groups as being "indigenous" or bumiputra in Sabah:. The designated "home team" alternates between the NFC team in odd-numbered years (the Philadelphia Eagles in 2005), and the AFC team in even-numbered years (the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2006). Those POW's skulls line the roof of Dusun-Kadazan 'skull houses'. For instance, cruise ships made up the discrepancy in hotel rooms for Jacksonville in Super Bowl XXXIX and cold-weather cities such as Minneapolis and Detroit have been awarded Super Bowls because the stadium had a roof.

During World War 2, the British army liberated North Borneo from the Japanese and released 280 Japanese POW's knowing that the vengeful natives would not show mercy. Exceptions are at the discretion of the NFL. Monsopiad the legendary warrior who lived in the 1700's-1800's took 48 heads in the heat of battle before being overwhelmed. A potential venue currently must meet these qualifications in order to be a Super Bowl host: ^{[citation needed]}. Even though Dusun-Kadazans are known for their peaceful nature, they are also well known for their bravery and defiant nature towards oppression and foreign rule. Neither of these stadiums has ever been a home to an NFL team. Their traditional dances appear erotic yet innocent making the Dusun-Kadazan culture a popular one. However, Super Bowl XIV (which involved the then-Los Angeles Rams) was played at nearby Pasadena's Rose Bowl stadium; and Super Bowl XIX (which involved the San Francisco 49ers) was played at the nearby Stanford Stadium on the Stanford University campus in Palo Alto.

Dusun-Kadazan people are known as the Latin lovers of the East, famous in the state for love and passion for music. Coincidentally, no NFL team has ever played the Super Bowl on its own home turf. In addition, Kadazan-Dusun, Bajau, Murut and other minor races also have distinct ethnic languages. Louis, Missouri. English and the Chinese dialects Mandarin and Hakka are widely understood. The last time the Los Angeles area hosted the game was Super Bowl XXVII in 1993; the area is currently not considered a possible venue after the league's two teams vacated the city in 1995: the Raiders moved back to Oakland, California, and the Rams moved to St. Bahasa Malaysia is the national language spoken across ethnicities, although the spoken Sabahan dialect of Bahasa Malaysia differs much in inflection and intonation from the West Malaysian version, having more similarity in pronunciation to Bahasa Indonesia. After Hurricane Katrina damaged the Louisiana Superdome and the city, the game might never return to New Orleans.

While the local and federal government do not officially recognise the existence of Filipino illegal immigrants, they are widely employed commercially, forming the bulk of manual labour in construction and other sections of commerce. Miami has been selected to host two future games: Super Bowl XLI in 2007 and Super Bowl XLIV in 2010. Unofficially, Sabah is also home to an estimated 700,000 strong Filipino population due to lax immigration controls and poor policing of the Malaysia-Philippines national border. Over half of the Super Bowls have been played in one of the following three cities: New Orleans, Louisiana (9 times), Miami, Florida (8 times) and the Greater Los Angeles Area (7 total, 5 times at Pasadena's Rose Bowl stadium and twice at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum). The largest indigenous ethnic group is the Kadazan-Dusun (roughly 25% of the total population); followed by the Bajau (15%), and the Murut (3%). Cities compete to host the game in a selection bidding process similar to ones used by the Olympic Games and soccer's World Cup. The largest non-indigenous ethnic group is the Chinese, who make up for about 20% of Sabah's population. The location of the Super Bowl is chosen by the NFL well in advance, usually 3 to 5 years before the game.

The population of Sabah was 2,449,389 in the year 2000 (Housing Census of Malaysia, 2000), of which is divided into 32 officially recognized ethnic groups. True to the hopes of the NFL and the networks, McCartney turned in an enjoyable but uncontroversial performance. Names such as Fernando, Gomes, Rodriguez, and Fernandez are popular and widespread, which explains Sabah's festive almost Brazilian-like culture. The following year, the NFL chose Paul McCartney to perform at halftime of Super Bowl XXXIX. Many peoples of Sabah have a Portuguese blood connection. This also led to the FCC cracking down on indecency and fining CBS $225,000 for the incident, as well as fining each of CBS's then twenty owned and operated stations. Sabah consists of five administrative divisions, which are in turn divided into a total of 23 districts. The NFL, embarrassed from the incident, permanently banned MTV from doing another halftime show in any capacity.

Aside from nominally separate immigration controls, little evidence remains of Sabah's theoretical autonomy. It also didn't help matters that the game was airing on CBS, and their then-corporate sister company within Viacom, MTV, produced the halftime show. These tensions are further inflamed by Kuala Lumpur's colonial mentality towards Sabah, wherein 95% of the profits from Sabah's immense natural resources are taken by the federal government, leaving the state government with only 5%. Timberlake and Jackson have maintained that the incident was unintentional, hence the term "wardrobe malfunction". Although Sabah entered the Federation of Malaysia as a autonomous state, resistance to pressure from Kuala Lumpur's vision of a one-party unitary Islamic state dominated by ethnic Malays has created considerable friction and even occasional calls for secession. Many conspiracy theorists think that this was done intentionally to get everyone's attention, possibly so that Janet could get the attention away from her brother Michael Jackson, who was facing child molestation charges at the time. A recent effort by PBS, a component party of BN, to hatch a co-operation with the one opposition candidate within the state assembly (whom conversely was a former UMNO member competing independently because he was not nominated for the constituency by his party) in an unprecedented attempt at bipartisanship, was harshly criticized by UPKO, another component party of BN. In 2004, it was during halftime at Super Bowl XXXVIII that Janet Jackson had her now-infamous wardrobe malfunction after Justin Timberlake ripped off a piece of her top, exposing her right breast with a star-like ring surrounding the nipple.

Sabah politics (as are Malaysia's) are very much based upon party lines. John performed the national anthem; and The Rolling Stones played during the halftime show. Therefore many cast votes for independent candidates. Super Bowl XL in 2006 featured Stevie Wonder, Joss Stone, and John Legend during the pregame ceremonies; Aaron Neville, Aretha Franklin, and Dr. This was caused by a general sentiment where a number of voters were reluctant to cast votes for BN whose victory was almost assured but did not trust the opposition parties, most of which were not vigorously active before the election. Because of the large number of viewers that the Super Bowl generates, a number of popular singers and musicians have performed during its pregame ceremonies, the halftime show, or even just singing the national anthem of the United States, "The Star-Spangled Banner". The state assembly is now dominated by the ruling party BN (who conversely also did not penetrate Sabah until the 1990s.) with only one seat held by an opposition politician who is an independent candidate. With the new television contracts beginning in 2006, NBC, which last telecast Super Bowl XXXII in 1998, will take ABC's place in the network rotation starting with Super Bowl XLIII in 2009.

Thus the 2004 general elections saw widespread disillusionment, coupled with an ineffectual opposition. Super Bowl XXXVIII was shown on CBS, Super Bowl XXXIX was shown on FOX, and Super Bowl XL was shown on ABC, which will be the final NFL game broadcast on that network for the foreseeable future. This has given rise to dissent as the Chief Minister rotation system was halted just as UMNO, a Malay-based political party, was holding the post. In the United States it is currently shared among three of the four major television networks: ABC, CBS, and FOX. UMNO had a quick rise to power since its entry into Sabah in 1991 where before that both eastern Malaysian states were not penetrated by the party, whose president is the de facto leader of the ruling coalition BN and automatically the Prime Minister of Malaysia. The television network showing the game changes from year to year. This practice has since stopped with power now held by majority in the state assembly by the UMNO party, which also holds a majority in the national Parliament. [5].

It also serves to give a disproportionate power to the minority Malay ethnic group, enabling them to overturn any local legislature implemented by the majority Kadazan-Dusun. If the television show Las Vegas stays on the air when NBC gets their next Super Bowl Broadcast (which will be Super Bowl XLIII in 2009), they may not be allowed to promote the series during the entire block of programming. This serves to extremely weaken the executive branch of the State government, which was formerly much at odds with the federal government in Kuala Lumpur. Many groups are denied the chance to run Super Bowl ads on various grounds, but Las Vegas is the only city to be denied in such a fashion; the NFL has stated that it does not want the Super Bowl to be associated with the perception of Las Vegas as a gambling mecca. A bizarre feature of Sabah politics is a policy initiated by the Barisan Nasional in 1994: the Chief Minister's post is rotated among the coalition parties every 2 years, regardless of the party in power at the time, thus theoretically giving an equal amount of time for each major ethnic group to rule the State. The ban includes the game, as well as the pre-game and post-game shows. The present elected State and Federal Government posts are held by Barisan Nasional, a coalition of major ethnic parties, including UMNO, Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP), United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) & Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS) and Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS). In recent years, the NFL has denied the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority the opportunity to run Super Bowl ads for the city as a tourist destination.

A general election for State and Federal level officials is held every five years. Many people tune in to the Super Bowl solely to watch the very creative commercials. Sabah has a democratic political system with universal suffrage. Prices have increased each year, with reports citing a record $2.5 million (US) for a 30 second spot during Super Bowl XL in 2006. The Philippines claims the whole of Sabah as part of its territory, based upon the Sultanate of Brunei's cession of its north-east territories to the Sultanate of Sulu in 1703, because of military assistance given by the latter to the former. Famous commercial campaigns include the Budweiser "Bud Bowl" campaign, and the 1999 and 2000 dot-com ads. In 1946 the Company's rule ended and it became the colony of North Borneo until it was admitted into the Malaysian federation in 1963. Following Apple Computer's 1984 commercial introducing the Apple Macintosh computer, directed by Ridley Scott, the broadcast of the Super Bowl became the premier showcase for high concept or simply extravagantly expensive commercials.

Sabah was taken over by the British North Borneo Company in 1881, and became a protectorate of the British Empire with internal affairs still administered by the company in 1888. [4] Although the proliferation of cable and satellite television has undercut broadcast ratings somewhat in recent years, the game is still so popular that a number of networks actually schedule original programming, such as independently produced halftime entertainment, during the game, simply to take advantage of a large audience already in front of the television. Mount Kinabalu, in central Sabah, is the highest mountain in Malaysia, and second in Southeast Asia. Super Bowl XVI is #4 on Nielsen's list of top-rated programs of all time, and 3 other Super Bowls (XII, XVII, XX) made the top 10. Over three quarters of the population inhabit the coastal plains. The highest rated game according to Nielsen was Super Bowl XVI in 1982 which was watched in 49.1% of households (73 share) or 40,020,000 households at the time. These mountains and hills are traversed by an extensive network of river valleys and are in most cases covered with dense rainforest. ^{[citation needed]}.

Sabah is generally mountainous, with the Banjaran Crocker range of central mountains varying in height from about 1,000 metres to 3,000 metres, which at its peak of Mount Kinabalu rises up to 4000 metres, and with several lower ranges of hills near the coasts. ^{[citation needed]} According to NFL Films...these are the ultimate Lost Treasures. . ^{[citation needed]} But the NFL has put out a $1,000,000 bounty on either one of the tapes, and experts say that there is still a chance that one of the network affiliates taped the game off the live feed and saved it.
. ^{[citation needed]}) According to Steve Sabol, both networks taped soap operas over the game tapes, which are presumably lost forever. The state capital is Kota Kinabalu, formerly known as Jesselton. (Merv Griffin once said that a ninety-minute blank tape cost $750.

The southern part of the island, called Kalimantan, belongs to Indonesia. Another reason was that videotape in those days was prohibitively expensive. Situated on the northeast of the island, Sabah is smaller than its sister state, Sarawak. According to Sports Illustrated, the only footage of the first telecast known to exist is a two minute clip of the first game.^{[citation needed]} From the early days of television into the 1960s, copies of TV broadcasts were routinely erased, mainly because nobody thought anyone would want to watch the same show they had just seen. It is one of the two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. This is especially shocking for Super Bowl I, which was covered by both NBC and CBS. Sabah is the second largest state in Malaysia and is also known as Negeri di bawah bayu which means "The Land Below The Wind" . Given the immense popularity of the Super Bowl, it may be surprising to discover that videotapes of the telecasts of the first two Super Bowls are said not to exist.

'Kataks' , Kadazan-Dusun Nationalism and Development: The 1999 Sabah State Election (Regime Change And Regime Maintenance In Asia And The Pacific Series No 24, Department Of Political And Social Change, Research School Of Pacific And Asian Studies, Australian National University) (ISBN 0731526783). [3]. 1999. Approximately half of the remaining 2 million worldwide viewers watched from the United Kingdom. Chin, Ung-ho. In actual fact, Super Bowl XXXIX in 2005 was watched by 93 million viewers in total, of which 98 percent were in North America [2]. Adam and Charles Black, London. There is a popular urban myth regarding the Super Bowl — that the game is watched in 234 countries by 1 billion people [1], a fact unlikely to be true considering the time of the event, and the lack of popularity American Football has outside of the United States.

British North Borneo. It is also estimated that 130-140 million tune into some part of the game. 1913. This means that on average, 80 to 90 million Americans are tuned into the Super Bowl at any given moment. W. households, and 60 percent of all homes tuned into television during the game). W. The game tends to have high Nielsen television ratings which usually come in around a 40 rating and 60 share (i.e., on average, 40 percent of all U.S.

Gudgeon, L. By any measure, the Super Bowl is one of the most watched television programs of the year. Atama Site, Photo Galleries, Discussions and Forum. Following his death in September 1970, the trophy was named the Vince Lombardi Trophy, first awarded at Super Bowl V in Miami. The Northern Tip of Borneo. The winning team gets the Vince Lombardi Trophy, named for the coach of the Green Bay Packers, who won the first two Super Bowl games. Gomantong Caves - populated with millions of swifts and bats. The game remains his crowning achievement and was an important factor in him being selected by Time Magazine as one of the 100 most important people of the 20th century.

Turtle Islands Park - conservation efforts for endangered sea turtles. His leadership guided them into the merger agreement and cemented the preeminence of the Super Bowl. Danum Valley Conservation Area - wilderness rainforest. The NFL commissioner at that time, Pete Rozelle, is often considered the mastermind of both the merger and the Super Bowl. Pulau Sipadan - a famous island for scuba diving. As of Super Bowl XL, former AFL teams have won 11 Super Bowls, pre-1970 NFL teams have won 23 games, and two games have been won by teams created after 1970. Sandakan - gateway to the Sepilok Orang Utan Sanctuary and Kinabatangan River. Since then, the Super Bowl has featured the champions of the AFC and NFC.

Mount Kinabalu - the highest mountain in Southeast Asia. When the NFL and AFL merged into one combined league for the 1970 season, three NFL teams joined the 10 AFL teams to form the American Football Conference (AFC), and the other 13 teams became the National Football Conference (NFC). Tanjung Aru resort - outside of Kota Kinabalu, with luxury beach resorts and Tunku Abdul Rahman Park and the North Borneo Railway. One year later, the American Football League's Kansas City Chiefs defeated the NFL Minnesota Vikings 23-7 and won Super Bowl IV in New Orleans, the last World Championship game played between the champions of two leagues. Rumanau. That all changed with perhaps the biggest upset in American sports history, the AFL's New York Jets defeat of the Baltimore Colts in Super Bowl III in Miami. Minokok. After the NFL's Green Bay Packers convincingly won the first two Super Bowls, some team owners feared for the future of the merger, since many doubted that AFL teams could compete with their NFL counterparts.

Ida'an. Starting with the third contest in January 1969, the name "Super Bowl" became official. Paitan. Not surprisingly, fans and media tended to use the shorter, unofficial name. Orang Cocos. Not having thought of one, the owners named the contest the AFL-NFL World Championship Game. Filipina-campuran. Hunt only meant his suggested name to be a stopgap until a better one could be found.

Sarawak-indigenes. The name was feasible because postseason college football games had long been known as "bowl games" (the term originates from the Rose Bowl Game, which was in turn named for the bowl-shaped stadium in which it is played). Sino-campuran. The ball is now on display at the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio. Maragang. ^{[citation needed]} During the discussions to iron out the details, AFL founder and Kansas City Chiefs owner Lamar Hunt had jokingly referred to the proposed interleague championship as the "Super Bowl." Hunt thought of the name after seeing his daughter playing with a toy called a Super Ball. Indonesian. According to NFL Films President Steve Sabol, Then NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle wanted to call the game "The Big One".

Melayu. One of the conditions of the AFL-NFL Merger was that the winners of each league's championship game would meet in a contest to determine the "world champion of football". Tidong. The intense competitive war for players and fans led to serious merger talks between the two leagues in 1966. Bisaya. After its inception in 1920, the NFL fended off several rival leagues before the AFL began play in 1960. Kedayan. The Super Bowl was created as part of the merger agreement between the National Football League (NFL) and its rival, the American Football League (AFL).

Brunei. . Orang Sungai. food consumption day next to Thanksgiving. Suluk. This is the largest U.S. Mangka'ak. In addition, many popular singers and musicians have performed during the Super Bowl's pre-game and halftime ceremonies.

Bugis, (see Bugis of Sabah). The last true day game (which ended before local sunset) of the series was Super Bowl XI in January 1977. Dumpas. This has caused the starting time of the game to be pushed back later and later, to ensure the Sunday night prime time audience on the East Coast. Tambanuo. The Super Bowl is one of the most-watched American television broadcasts of the year, attracting many companies to spend millions of dollars on commercials. Rungus. Since then, the game has been played annually on a Sunday following the playoffs, originally early to mid-January, then late January, and in 2002, the first Sunday in February.

Lotud. After both leagues merged in 1970, the Super Bowl became the NFL's championship game. Illanun. The game began in January 1967 as the AFL-NFL World Championship Game in which the NFL championship team played against the champion of the younger, rival American Football League (AFL) for the "World Championship of Professional Football". Bajau. The game and its ancillary festivities constitute Super Bowl Sunday (sometimes "Super Sunday"), which over the years has almost become a de facto American national holiday. Murut. In professional American football, the Super Bowl is the championship game of the National Football League (NFL) in the United States.

Kwijau. New Orleans Saints. Serani (Orang Portuguesa Campur). Jacksonville Jaguars. Filipino. Houston Texans. Kadazan-Dusun. Detroit Lions - NFL championship in 1935, 1952, 1953, and 1957.

Cleveland Browns - NFL championship in 1950, 1954, 1955, and 1964
(This refers to the team that the league officially views as one continuous franchise that began in 1946 but suspended operations from 1996-1998, and resumed play in 1999.). Arizona Cardinals - NFL champions in 1925 and 1947. NFL league champions prior to Super Bowl I