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Sabah

State motto: Sabah Maju Jaya
Capital Kota Kinabalu
Governor Ahmadshah Abdullah
Chief Minister Hj. Musa Bin Hj. Aman
Area 72,500 km2
Population
 - Est. 2000

2,449,389
State anthem Sabah Tanah Airku

Sabah is the second largest state in Malaysia and is also known as Negeri di bawah bayu which means "The Land Below The Wind" . It is one of the two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. Situated on the northeast of the island, Sabah is smaller than its sister state, Sarawak. The southern part of the island, called Kalimantan, belongs to Indonesia. The state capital is Kota Kinabalu, formerly known as Jesselton.


Geography

Sabah is generally mountainous, with the Banjaran Crocker range of central mountains varying in height from about 1,000 metres to 3,000 metres, which at its peak of Mount Kinabalu rises up to 4000 metres, and with several lower ranges of hills near the coasts. These mountains and hills are traversed by an extensive network of river valleys and are in most cases covered with dense rainforest. Over three quarters of the population inhabit the coastal plains. Mount Kinabalu, in central Sabah, is the highest mountain in Malaysia, and second in Southeast Asia.

History

Sabah was taken over by the British North Borneo Company in 1881, and became a protectorate of the British Empire with internal affairs still administered by the company in 1888. In 1946 the Company's rule ended and it became the colony of North Borneo until it was admitted into the Malaysian federation in 1963.

Philippine claim

The Philippines claims the whole of Sabah as part of its territory, based upon the Sultanate of Brunei's cession of its north-east territories to the Sultanate of Sulu in 1703, because of military assistance given by the latter to the former.

Politics

Sabah has a democratic political system with universal suffrage. A general election for State and Federal level officials is held every five years.

The present elected State and Federal Government posts are held by Barisan Nasional, a coalition of major ethnic parties, including UMNO, Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP), United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) & Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS) and Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS).

A bizarre feature of Sabah politics is a policy initiated by the Barisan Nasional in 1994: the Chief Minister's post is rotated among the coalition parties every 2 years, regardless of the party in power at the time, thus theoretically giving an equal amount of time for each major ethnic group to rule the State. This serves to extremely weaken the executive branch of the State government, which was formerly much at odds with the federal government in Kuala Lumpur. It also serves to give a disproportionate power to the minority Malay ethnic group, enabling them to overturn any local legislature implemented by the majority Kadazan-Dusun. This practice has since stopped with power now held by majority in the state assembly by the UMNO party, which also holds a majority in the national Parliament.

UMNO had a quick rise to power since its entry into Sabah in 1991 where before that both eastern Malaysian states were not penetrated by the party, whose president is the de facto leader of the ruling coalition BN and automatically the Prime Minister of Malaysia. This has given rise to dissent as the Chief Minister rotation system was halted just as UMNO, a Malay-based political party, was holding the post. Thus the 2004 general elections saw widespread disillusionment, coupled with an ineffectual opposition. The state assembly is now dominated by the ruling party BN (who conversely also did not penetrate Sabah until the 1990s.) with only one seat held by an opposition politician who is an independent candidate. This was caused by a general sentiment where a number of voters were reluctant to cast votes for BN whose victory was almost assured but did not trust the opposition parties, most of which were not vigorously active before the election. Therefore many cast votes for independent candidates.

Sabah politics (as are Malaysia's) are very much based upon party lines. A recent effort by PBS, a component party of BN, to hatch a co-operation with the one opposition candidate within the state assembly (whom conversely was a former UMNO member competing independently because he was not nominated for the constituency by his party) in an unprecedented attempt at bipartisanship, was harshly criticized by UPKO, another component party of BN.

Although Sabah entered the Federation of Malaysia as a autonomous state, resistance to pressure from Kuala Lumpur's vision of a one-party unitary Islamic state dominated by ethnic Malays has created considerable friction and even occasional calls for secession. These tensions are further inflamed by Kuala Lumpur's colonial mentality towards Sabah, wherein 95% of the profits from Sabah's immense natural resources are taken by the federal government, leaving the state government with only 5%. Aside from nominally separate immigration controls, little evidence remains of Sabah's theoretical autonomy.

Administrative divisions

Sabah consists of five administrative divisions, which are in turn divided into a total of 23 districts.

Population and ethnic composition

Many peoples of Sabah have a Portuguese blood connection. Names such as Fernando, Gomes, Rodriguez, and Fernandez are popular and widespread, which explains Sabah's festive almost Brazilian-like culture.

The population of Sabah was 2,449,389 in the year 2000 (Housing Census of Malaysia, 2000), of which is divided into 32 officially recognized ethnic groups. The largest non-indigenous ethnic group is the Chinese, who make up for about 20% of Sabah's population. The largest indigenous ethnic group is the Kadazan-Dusun (roughly 25% of the total population); followed by the Bajau (15%), and the Murut (3%).

Unofficially, Sabah is also home to an estimated 700,000 strong Filipino population due to lax immigration controls and poor policing of the Malaysia-Philippines national border. While the local and federal government do not officially recognise the existence of Filipino illegal immigrants, they are widely employed commercially, forming the bulk of manual labour in construction and other sections of commerce.

Bahasa Malaysia is the national language spoken across ethnicities, although the spoken Sabahan dialect of Bahasa Malaysia differs much in inflection and intonation from the West Malaysian version, having more similarity in pronunciation to Bahasa Indonesia. English and the Chinese dialects Mandarin and Hakka are widely understood. In addition, Kadazan-Dusun, Bajau, Murut and other minor races also have distinct ethnic languages.

Dusun-Kadazan people are known as the Latin lovers of the East, famous in the state for love and passion for music. Their traditional dances appear erotic yet innocent making the Dusun-Kadazan culture a popular one.

Even though Dusun-Kadazans are known for their peaceful nature, they are also well known for their bravery and defiant nature towards oppression and foreign rule. Monsopiad the legendary warrior who lived in the 1700's-1800's took 48 heads in the heat of battle before being overwhelmed. During World War 2, the British army liberated North Borneo from the Japanese and released 280 Japanese POW's knowing that the vengeful natives would not show mercy. Those POW's skulls line the roof of Dusun-Kadazan 'skull houses'.


The federal government of Malaysia officially recognizes 28 ethnic groups as being "indigenous" or bumiputra in Sabah:

See Demographics of Malaysia for some further details about the population.

Economy

Sabah's economy was traditionally heavily lumber dependent, based on export of tropical timber, but with increasing depletion of the natural forests and ecological efforts to save remaining natural rainforest areas, palm oil has emerged as a more sustainable resource. Other agricultural products important in the Sabah economy include rubber and cacao. Tourism is currently the second largest contributor to the economy.

In 1970, Sabah ranked as one of the richest states in the federation, with a per capita GDP second only to Selangor (which then included Kuala Lumpur). However, despite its vast wealth of natural resources, Sabah is currently the poorest of Malaysia's states. Average incomes are now among the lowest in Malaysia, and with a considerably higher cost of living than in West Malaysia. In 2000, Sabah had an unemployment rate of 5.6 per cent - the highest of any Malaysian state and almost twice the national average of 3.1 per cent. The state has the highest poverty level in the country at 16 per cent, more than three times the national average. Part of the problem is the inequitable distribution of wealth between the State and the Federal government. The federal government extracts 95% of the revenues generated by Sabah, leaving only 5% for local needs.

Tourism

The Northern tip of Borneo

Tourism, particularly eco-tourism, is a major contributor to the economy of Sabah. The most popular tourist destinations include:

Arts and entertainment

Sabah is not known for producing many well-known media figures, but the few it has produced have made their mark. Noteworthy mentions include filmmaker Tony Francis Gitom, and their many high-placing contestants on local shows Malaysian Idol and Akademi Fantasia.

Some films and shows filmed in Sabah include the first season of reality show Survivor, The Amazing Race, Eco-Challenge Borneo, Bat*21, and Sacred Planet. Sabah's first homegrown film was Orang Kita, starring Abu Bakar Ellah.

Sabah's first hip hop recording artist is Atama, real name Andrew Ambrose Mudi, who has successfully fused hip hop and tribal music. Atama's debut album My Tribal Roots was released on 30th May 2005. Visit Atama's website[1].

Sabah's first established newspaper was the New Sabah Times. The newspaper was founded by Donald Stephens, who later became the First Chief Minister of Sabah.

References


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The newspaper was founded by Donald Stephens, who later became the First Chief Minister of Sabah. Both are known for wearing flip-flops usually, as well as a large number of accessories, such as large sunglasses. Sabah's first established newspaper was the New Sabah Times. Though both have become style icons, Mary-Kate dresses more boho- (also called homeless-chic), while Ashley is more conventionally stylish. Visit Atama's website[1]. This is a table comparing the significant differences between the two:. Atama's debut album My Tribal Roots was released on 30th May 2005. Their paternal heritage is Danish.

Sabah's first hip hop recording artist is Atama, real name Andrew Ambrose Mudi, who has successfully fused hip hop and tribal music. The song also makes references about the 2004 movie New York Minute which they both starred in. Sabah's first homegrown film was Orang Kita, starring Abu Bakar Ellah. A portion of the music video features the two as puppets who engage in lesbian activity together. Some films and shows filmed in Sabah include the first season of reality show Survivor, The Amazing Race, Eco-Challenge Borneo, Bat*21, and Sacred Planet. The song was released as a single in 2005. Noteworthy mentions include filmmaker Tony Francis Gitom, and their many high-placing contestants on local shows Malaysian Idol and Akademi Fantasia. They are mentioned and insulted along with other celebrities in the song Ass Like That by rapper Eminem.

Sabah is not known for producing many well-known media figures, but the few it has produced have made their mark. They ranked at number three on the VH1 program 100 Greatest Child Stars. The most popular tourist destinations include:. In the episode of Family Guy "Fifteen Minutes of Shame", they replaced Brian and Stewie in the show-within-a-show The Real Live Griffins. Tourism, particularly eco-tourism, is a major contributor to the economy of Sabah. The twins were named by the industry publication Hollywood Reporter as the "Most Powerful Young Women in Hollywood.". The federal government extracts 95% of the revenues generated by Sabah, leaving only 5% for local needs.. They are reported to be worth $150 million each [1].

Part of the problem is the inequitable distribution of wealth between the State and the Federal government. They are the youngest celebrities to receive this honor. The state has the highest poverty level in the country at 16 per cent, more than three times the national average. The twins received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on April 29, 2004. In 2000, Sabah had an unemployment rate of 5.6 per cent - the highest of any Malaysian state and almost twice the national average of 3.1 per cent. Both girls seem to be dabbling in the relationship department, as Mary-Kate has been seen with ex-beau David and Ashley has been spotted with a guy in Costa Rica on vacation.[citation needed]. Average incomes are now among the lowest in Malaysia, and with a considerably higher cost of living than in West Malaysia. Ashley, still in NY, remains in contact with her sister.

However, despite its vast wealth of natural resources, Sabah is currently the poorest of Malaysia's states. She decided to stay in the west coast and pursue more individualized work with their company, DualStar. In 1970, Sabah ranked as one of the richest states in the federation, with a per capita GDP second only to Selangor (which then included Kuala Lumpur). They both studied at New York University at the Gallatin School of Individualized Study until Mary-Kate took a break in 2005 and moved back to California. Tourism is currently the second largest contributor to the economy. Most child and teenage actors usually choose to pursue acting full time after graduating from high school, with few (such as Brooke Shields, Jodie Foster, Julia Stiles, and Natalie Portman) choosing to further their education. Other agricultural products important in the Sabah economy include rubber and cacao. In 2004 Mary-Kate and Ashley surprised many when they announced that they would be attending college after graduating high school.

Sabah's economy was traditionally heavily lumber dependent, based on export of tropical timber, but with increasing depletion of the natural forests and ecological efforts to save remaining natural rainforest areas, palm oil has emerged as a more sustainable resource. They also have their own book series. See Demographics of Malaysia for some further details about the population. They starred in The Adventures of Mary-Kate and Ashley and the ABC show Two of a Kind (now rerun on ABC Family), as well as ABC Family's So Little Time.
The federal government of Malaysia officially recognizes 28 ethnic groups as being "indigenous" or bumiputra in Sabah:. Today, Mary-Kate and Ashley are popular figures in today's tween market, following along the lines of such Hollywood child stars as Shirley Temple, Ron Howard and Macaulay Culkin among others. Those POW's skulls line the roof of Dusun-Kadazan 'skull houses'. Taking the world of tweens by storm, their names have become a very profitable industry, with their likeness seen in clothes, fragrances ,magazines, movies, posters, and even video games like Mary Kate and Ashley's Magical Mystery Mall.

During World War 2, the British army liberated North Borneo from the Japanese and released 280 Japanese POW's knowing that the vengeful natives would not show mercy. Shortly after the end of Full House, they returned to the entertainment industry, riding the momentum of their role on Full House by heavily merchandising their image. Monsopiad the legendary warrior who lived in the 1700's-1800's took 48 heads in the heat of battle before being overwhelmed. Because the producers did not want viewers to know that Michelle was played by twins, the sisters were originally credited as "Mary Kate Ashley Olsen", but later credited as separate people. Even though Dusun-Kadazans are known for their peaceful nature, they are also well known for their bravery and defiant nature towards oppression and foreign rule. The show was widely popular during the late 80s and early 90s, and both sisters played one character, Michelle Tanner, taking turns during the tapings to do so, in order to comply with strict child labor laws regarding child actors. Their traditional dances appear erotic yet innocent making the Dusun-Kadazan culture a popular one. Hired at the age of five months, filming began with seven months.

Dusun-Kadazan people are known as the Latin lovers of the East, famous in the state for love and passion for music. Born in Sherman Oaks, California to David Olsen and Jarnette Jones, the Olsen twins started their acting careers on the television series Full House in 1987. In addition, Kadazan-Dusun, Bajau, Murut and other minor races also have distinct ethnic languages. . English and the Chinese dialects Mandarin and Hakka are widely understood. As a rule, they appear together. Bahasa Malaysia is the national language spoken across ethnicities, although the spoken Sabahan dialect of Bahasa Malaysia differs much in inflection and intonation from the West Malaysian version, having more similarity in pronunciation to Bahasa Indonesia. Since then, they have attained international fame through numerous television programs, films, interviews, as well as commercial endorsements.

While the local and federal government do not officially recognise the existence of Filipino illegal immigrants, they are widely employed commercially, forming the bulk of manual labour in construction and other sections of commerce. They are fraternal twins who have appeared in television and films since infancy. Unofficially, Sabah is also home to an estimated 700,000 strong Filipino population due to lax immigration controls and poor policing of the Malaysia-Philippines national border. Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Fuller Olsen (born June 13, 1986) are American actresses and entrepreneurs. The largest indigenous ethnic group is the Kadazan-Dusun (roughly 25% of the total population); followed by the Bajau (15%), and the Murut (3%). To Grandmother's House We Go (1992). The largest non-indigenous ethnic group is the Chinese, who make up for about 20% of Sabah's population. Double, Double, Toil and Trouble (1993).

The population of Sabah was 2,449,389 in the year 2000 (Housing Census of Malaysia, 2000), of which is divided into 32 officially recognized ethnic groups. How the West Was Fun (1994). Names such as Fernando, Gomes, Rodriguez, and Fernandez are popular and widespread, which explains Sabah's festive almost Brazilian-like culture. Switching Goals (1999). Many peoples of Sabah have a Portuguese blood connection. The Challenge (2003). Sabah consists of five administrative divisions, which are in turn divided into a total of 23 districts. Billboard Dad (1998).

Aside from nominally separate immigration controls, little evidence remains of Sabah's theoretical autonomy. Passport To Paris (1999). These tensions are further inflamed by Kuala Lumpur's colonial mentality towards Sabah, wherein 95% of the profits from Sabah's immense natural resources are taken by the federal government, leaving the state government with only 5%. Our Lips Are Sealed (2000). Although Sabah entered the Federation of Malaysia as a autonomous state, resistance to pressure from Kuala Lumpur's vision of a one-party unitary Islamic state dominated by ethnic Malays has created considerable friction and even occasional calls for secession. Winning London (2001). A recent effort by PBS, a component party of BN, to hatch a co-operation with the one opposition candidate within the state assembly (whom conversely was a former UMNO member competing independently because he was not nominated for the constituency by his party) in an unprecedented attempt at bipartisanship, was harshly criticized by UPKO, another component party of BN. Holiday in the Sun (2001).

Sabah politics (as are Malaysia's) are very much based upon party lines. When In Rome (2002). Therefore many cast votes for independent candidates. Getting There (2002). This was caused by a general sentiment where a number of voters were reluctant to cast votes for BN whose victory was almost assured but did not trust the opposition parties, most of which were not vigorously active before the election. The Little Rascals (1994) (cameo appearance). The state assembly is now dominated by the ruling party BN (who conversely also did not penetrate Sabah until the 1990s.) with only one seat held by an opposition politician who is an independent candidate. It Takes Two (1995) - The only film in which they don't play sisters.

Thus the 2004 general elections saw widespread disillusionment, coupled with an ineffectual opposition. Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003) (cameo appearance). This has given rise to dissent as the Chief Minister rotation system was halted just as UMNO, a Malay-based political party, was holding the post. New York Minute (2004). UMNO had a quick rise to power since its entry into Sabah in 1991 where before that both eastern Malaysian states were not penetrated by the party, whose president is the de facto leader of the ruling coalition BN and automatically the Prime Minister of Malaysia. This practice has since stopped with power now held by majority in the state assembly by the UMNO party, which also holds a majority in the national Parliament.

It also serves to give a disproportionate power to the minority Malay ethnic group, enabling them to overturn any local legislature implemented by the majority Kadazan-Dusun. This serves to extremely weaken the executive branch of the State government, which was formerly much at odds with the federal government in Kuala Lumpur. A bizarre feature of Sabah politics is a policy initiated by the Barisan Nasional in 1994: the Chief Minister's post is rotated among the coalition parties every 2 years, regardless of the party in power at the time, thus theoretically giving an equal amount of time for each major ethnic group to rule the State. The present elected State and Federal Government posts are held by Barisan Nasional, a coalition of major ethnic parties, including UMNO, Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP), United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) & Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS) and Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS).

A general election for State and Federal level officials is held every five years. Sabah has a democratic political system with universal suffrage. The Philippines claims the whole of Sabah as part of its territory, based upon the Sultanate of Brunei's cession of its north-east territories to the Sultanate of Sulu in 1703, because of military assistance given by the latter to the former. In 1946 the Company's rule ended and it became the colony of North Borneo until it was admitted into the Malaysian federation in 1963.

Sabah was taken over by the British North Borneo Company in 1881, and became a protectorate of the British Empire with internal affairs still administered by the company in 1888. Mount Kinabalu, in central Sabah, is the highest mountain in Malaysia, and second in Southeast Asia. Over three quarters of the population inhabit the coastal plains. These mountains and hills are traversed by an extensive network of river valleys and are in most cases covered with dense rainforest.

Sabah is generally mountainous, with the Banjaran Crocker range of central mountains varying in height from about 1,000 metres to 3,000 metres, which at its peak of Mount Kinabalu rises up to 4000 metres, and with several lower ranges of hills near the coasts. .
. The state capital is Kota Kinabalu, formerly known as Jesselton.

The southern part of the island, called Kalimantan, belongs to Indonesia. Situated on the northeast of the island, Sabah is smaller than its sister state, Sarawak. It is one of the two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. Sabah is the second largest state in Malaysia and is also known as Negeri di bawah bayu which means "The Land Below The Wind" .

'Kataks' , Kadazan-Dusun Nationalism and Development: The 1999 Sabah State Election (Regime Change And Regime Maintenance In Asia And The Pacific Series No 24, Department Of Political And Social Change, Research School Of Pacific And Asian Studies, Australian National University) (ISBN 0731526783). 1999. Chin, Ung-ho. Adam and Charles Black, London.

British North Borneo. 1913. W. W.

Gudgeon, L. Atama Site, Photo Galleries, Discussions and Forum. The Northern Tip of Borneo. Gomantong Caves - populated with millions of swifts and bats.

Turtle Islands Park - conservation efforts for endangered sea turtles. Danum Valley Conservation Area - wilderness rainforest. Pulau Sipadan - a famous island for scuba diving. Sandakan - gateway to the Sepilok Orang Utan Sanctuary and Kinabatangan River.

Mount Kinabalu - the highest mountain in Southeast Asia. Tanjung Aru resort - outside of Kota Kinabalu, with luxury beach resorts and Tunku Abdul Rahman Park and the North Borneo Railway. Rumanau. Minokok.

Ida'an. Paitan. Orang Cocos. Filipina-campuran.

Sarawak-indigenes. Sino-campuran. Maragang. Indonesian.

Melayu. Tidong. Bisaya. Kedayan.

Brunei. Orang Sungai. Suluk. Mangka'ak.

Bugis, (see Bugis of Sabah). Dumpas. Tambanuo. Rungus.

Lotud. Illanun. Bajau. Murut.

Kwijau. Serani (Orang Portuguesa Campur). Filipino. Kadazan-Dusun.