RENFE

The first activity is now the responsibility of a new public company, Administrador de Infrestructuras Ferroviarias (ADIF), while Renfe (full name: Renfe Operadora) owns the rolling-stock and remains responsible for the planning, marketing, and operation of passenger and freight services (though no longer with a legal monopoly). Nokia is sometimes called aikon (Nokia backwards) by non-Nokia mobile phone users and by mobile software developers, because "aikon" is used in various SDK software packages, including Nokia's own Symbian Series 60 SDK. The Railway Sector Act of 2003 separated the management, maintenance, and construction of rail infrastructure from train operation. The Nokia Tune was originally named "Gran Vals" on Nokia phones but was changed to "Nokia Tune" around 1998 when it became so well known that people referred to it as the Nokia Tune. The line to Lleida is slower at present, though there are plans for eventual operation at 350 km/h on this route. The ringtone "Nokia Tune" (probably the world's most well-known ringtone) is actually based on a 19th-century guitar work named "Gran Vals" by Spanish musician Francisco Tárrega. Speed on the Seville line is 300 km/h. Similarly, the "Ascending" SMS tone is Morse code for "Connecting People," Nokia's slogan.

The high-speed lines are built to the standard European gauge. The "Special" tone available to users of Nokia phones when receiving SMS (text messages) is actually Morse code for "SMS". The name is both an acronym of Alta Velocidad Española (Spanish high-speed) and a play on the Spanish word ave ( "bird"). Nokia Values are listed as: Customer Satisfaction, Respect, Achievement, and Renewal. The Spanish high-speed system is called AVE. English is the official language spoken and written among Nokians regardless of location. Another high speed route from Madrid to Valladolid is under construction, and other lines to Valencia and Lisbon are being designed. Nokia is a progressive and forward-thinking mobile technology group spending millions on research and development and priding itself on being "first to market" with new applications.

The last high-speed line opened is Madrid - Toledo, in November 2005. Equal opportunities and openness are also stressed, along with management leadership and employee participation. The greater part of the line, from Madrid to Lleida, was put in service on October 11, 2003, with connection to Huesca from Zaragoza; the extension to Barcelona is expected to open in 2007. Nokia's official corporate culture manifesto, The Nokia Way, emphasises speed and flexibility of decision making in a flat, networked organisation. The second high-speed rail, from Madrid to Barcelona, is under construction. Often, mispronunciation will lead to other words and meaning such as in a Nokia television commercial in which the name is mispronounced /nak:ia/ (double k), which means "(a bit of) wiener" in Finnish. In 1988 construction of the high-speed rail between Madrid and Seville began, and in 1991 operation of this line was started. In Spanish or French the spelling would be the same as in Finnish, while taking the correct stress pattern into account.

In the latter it is supplemented by the Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalonia's rail system. English approximation spelling cannot be used accurately, because the closest English vowels are not interchangeable with the Finnish ones. The former was targeted in the March 11, 2004 Madrid train bombings. Some English mispronunciations include [nəυ'ki:ə] "no-KEY-uh" and [nɒ'ki:ə] "knock-E-uh". In addition to intercity transport, RENFE operates commuter train systems in a number of major cities, including Madrid and Barcelona. This creates problems for some, especially English speakers, who replace the vowels with schwas, as there are no direct equivalents to the Finnish short [o] or [a] sounds in English. The company was formed on 24 January 1941 when Spain's railways were nationalized. The proper pronunciation of "Nokia" according to Finnish phonology is ['nokia], with stress on the first syllable, and all vowels in the name being short and unreduced — there are no schwas ("a" [ə] or "uh" [ɒ]).

Certain through trains do run to and from France: they adjust the separation of their wheels at the frontier, so that they can run on both railway systems. Nokia has been engaged in a series of legal actions dealing with intellectual property issues. A few years later this technical problem was solved, but the huge cost of a possible change of the tracks and the rolling stock to the European gauge left the Spanish network rather isolated from the rest of Western Europe, except for Portugal, which adopted the Spanish gauge. Nokia signed a contract with BenQ, a Taiwanese Original Design Manufacturer, to develop three high-end mobile phones, which are scheduled to retail by the end of 2005. Because of this, a commission estimated that a gauge wider than the European one would allow bigger steam engines, which would make easier the ascent of the slopes. Recently, Nokia joined other mobile phone manufacturers to embrace Taiwanese Original Design Manufacturers. Spain is a country with many mountain ranges. This, however, diminished Nokia's public image in Finland, and produced a number of court cases along with, at least, one television show critical of Nokia [2].

For historical reasons the tracks built up to 1988 are broad gauge tracks (1668 mm or 5 ft 5½ in), which is wider than the tracks of most other European countries. In 2004, Nokia resorted to similar streamlining practices with layoffs and organizational restructuring, although on a significantly smaller scale. RENFE operates Spain's 15,000 km (or 9,500 mile) system of railways. Nokia also began developing mobile phones for the NMT network; unfortunately, the company ran into serious financial problems in the 1990s and streamlined its manufacturing of mobile phones, mobile phone infrastructure, and other telecommunications areas, divesting itself of other items, such as televisions and personal computers. The name RENFE is an acronym of Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles (National Network of the Spanish Railways). (ICL), which later became part of Fujitsu; the personal computer operation was handed over to Fujitsu-Siemens AG. RENFE is Spain's national railway operator. In the 1980s, Nokia offered a series of personal computers called MikroMikko [1], however, these operations were sold to International Computers, Ltd.

In the 1970s Nokia became more involved in the telecommunications industry by developing the Nokia DX 200, a digital switch for telephone exchanges. The town and river are named after a small black marten found in the region. The name Nokia originated from the river which flowed through the town of the same name (Nokia). All three companies were merged as Nokia Corporation in 1967.

At one time in history Nokia was a major manufacturer of boots for the military. Shortly after World War I Finnish Rubber Works acquired Nokia wood mills as well as Finnish Cable Works, a producer of telephone and telegraph cables. Finnish Rubber Works established its factories in the beginning of 20th century nearby and began using Nokia as its brand. Nokia was established in 1865 as a wood-pulp mill by Finland-Swede Knut Fredrik Idestam on the banks of Nokia rapids.

. Nokia provides mobile communication equipment for every major market and protocol, including GSM, CDMA, and WCDMA (UMTS). Nokia also produces mobile phone infrastructure and other telecommunications equipment for applications such as traditional voice telephony, ISDN, broadband access, professional mobile radio, voice over IP, wireless LAN, a line of digital terrestrial television receivers and satellite receivers. With headquarters in Keilaniemi of Espoo, Finland, Nokia is best known today for its leading range of mobile phones.

Nokia Corporation NYSE: NOK is one of the world's largest telecommunications equipment manufacturers.