RENFE

The first activity is now the responsibility of a new public company, Administrador de Infrestructuras Ferroviarias (ADIF), while Renfe (full name: Renfe Operadora) owns the rolling-stock and remains responsible for the planning, marketing, and operation of passenger and freight services (though no longer with a legal monopoly).
. The Railway Sector Act of 2003 separated the management, maintenance, and construction of rail infrastructure from train operation. In September 2004 Alitalia announced plans to acquire four additional Boeing 777-200ERs, three more B767-300ERs and 12 additional Embraer EMB-170s for its Alitalia Express subsidiary, due to be delivered in 2007 and 2008. The line to Lleida is slower at present, though there are plans for eventual operation at 350 km/h on this route. The Embraer aircraft are mainly operated by subsidiary airline Alitalia Express. Speed on the Seville line is 300 km/h. It also has ATR 72, Embraer ERJ-145 and Embraer ERJ-170.

The high-speed lines are built to the standard European gauge. The Alitalia fleet consists of the following aircraft (at July 2005):. The name is both an acronym of Alta Velocidad Española (Spanish high-speed) and a play on the Spanish word ave ( "bird"). It went on to call the advertisement "misleading.". The Spanish high-speed system is called AVE. "The advertisement, that appeared on the main page, indicated that the price was particularly good value," the Antitrust agency said in a statement. Another high speed route from Madrid to Valladolid is under construction, and other lines to Valencia and Lisbon are being designed. The Antitrust agency in a statement said the advertisement appeared on Alitalia's web site during May and June.

The last high-speed line opened is Madrid - Toledo, in November 2005. Italy's Antitrust agency fined Alitalia EUR30,000 (USD$35,800) on December 2005 for misleading consumers by advertising a round-trip flight tariff but showing only the price of a one-way ticket. The greater part of the line, from Madrid to Lleida, was put in service on October 11, 2003, with connection to Huesca from Zaragoza; the extension to Barcelona is expected to open in 2007. See the external links section for more details. The second high-speed rail, from Madrid to Barcelona, is under construction. The corporation's bid to fine and silence the creators of the website was withdrawn when Public Citizen, a US national non-profit consumer advocacy organization stepped in to support the website's owners according to the First Amendment. In 1988 construction of the high-speed rail between Madrid and Seville began, and in 1991 operation of this line was started. Alitalia filed a lawsuit against the website in the US courts, claiming the violation of various trademark laws – the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, the Lanham Act, and the state common law of trademark.

In the latter it is supplemented by the Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalonia's rail system. The climax of customer anger and frustration towards Italy's airline has led to the creation of Alitaliasucks.com, a website dedicated to all those that have ongoing unresolved problems including lack of compensation for baggage claims and flight delays and cancellations. The former was targeted in the March 11, 2004 Madrid train bombings. The company's attitude towards its customers has sparked a series of testimonials and complaints on the web. In addition to intercity transport, RENFE operates commuter train systems in a number of major cities, including Madrid and Barcelona. Alitalia is infamous for its customer services when dealing with complaints and lost luggage. The company was formed on 24 January 1941 when Spain's railways were nationalized. 26 of the 32 passengers on board were killed.
On 5 May 1972 an Alitalia DC8-43 flew into the side of a hill near near Palermo, Italy, during an approach in darkness and poor weather; the seven crew members and 108 passengers were all killed.
On 23 December 1978, an Alitalia DC9-32 crashed into the sea about two miles short of the runway of Palermo Punta Raisi airport during its approach; all five crew members and 103 of 124 passengers were killed.
On November 14, 1990 in Zurich an Alitalia aircraft crashed killing all passengers on board a half-filled McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32.

Certain through trains do run to and from France: they adjust the separation of their wheels at the frontier, so that they can run on both railway systems. Kennedy International Airport), after circling for 2.5 hours. A few years later this technical problem was solved, but the huge cost of a possible change of the tracks and the rolling stock to the European gauge left the Spanish network rather isolated from the rest of Western Europe, except for Portugal, which adopted the Spanish gauge. On December 18, 1954 a Linee Aeree Italiane Douglas DC-6 crashed on its fourth approach attempt to land at Idlewild (now John F. Because of this, a commission estimated that a gauge wider than the European one would allow bigger steam engines, which would make easier the ascent of the slopes. "MilleMiglia" is Alitalia's membership card that allows customers to save miles and trade them for free tickets. Spain is a country with many mountain ranges. It employs 20,653 staff (at November 2005).

For historical reasons the tracks built up to 1988 are broad gauge tracks (1668 mm or 5 ft 5½ in), which is wider than the tracks of most other European countries. Alitalia is owned by the Italian Ministry of the Treasury (49%), other shareholders, including employees (49%) and Air France-KLM (2%). RENFE operates Spain's 15,000 km (or 9,500 mile) system of railways. The planned €1.2 billion, or $1.6 billion, recapitalization of the near-bankrupt carrier, that involves massive job cuts is expected to take place in the spring of 2006. The name RENFE is an acronym of Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles (National Network of the Spanish Railways). More recently the European Commission has opened an in-depth investigation of Italy's plans to restructure Alitalia to ensure that the ailing flag carrier does not receive illegal subsidies. RENFE is Spain's national railway operator. Adding to the troubled airline's difficulties Italy's Antitrust agency fined Alitalia EUR30,000 (USD$35,800) for misleading consumers by advertising a round-trip flight tariff but showing only the price of a one-way ticket on its official website (December 2005).

While more money may be needed in early 2005, the airline seems to have avoided the threat of bankruptcy. On September 24, the company announced that it had reached an agreement with unions allowing access to a bridging loan from the Italian government. Talks went on with unions for pay cuts and layoffs, in an attempt to keep the company out of bankruptcy and possibly liquidation. It also said it was reconsidering its alliance with Air France.

It announced plans to lay off 5000 employees and to split the company into two divisions, an airline and a ground services division. In September 2004 the airline found itself in serious financial difficulties, with management saying it did not have enough cash to pay worker salaries past the end of that month. In April 2004 Alitalia acquired bankrupt regional airline Gandalf Airlines to gain additional slots at several European airports, mainly in Milan (Linate) and Paris (Charles De Gaulle). In November 2003 Alitalia announced that it would cut 2700 jobs over the next three years to prepare the airline for a merger with Air France and KLM.

In 1997 it set up a regional subsidiary Alitalia Express and in 2001 it became a founding member of the SkyTeam Alliance. By the 1990s, Alitalia was carrying nearly 25 million passengers annually. On 31 October 1957 Alitalia merged with Linee Aeree Italiane and took on the name of Alitalia Linee Aeree Italiane. The first international flight left a year later, travelling between Milan and cities in South America.

The inaugural flight, made by the very first plane in the fleet, was a Fiat G-12 Alcione, piloted by Virginio Reinero between Turin and Rome. Alitalia was established on 16 September 1946 as Aerolinee Italiane Internazionali, but more commonly known as Alitalia, and started operations on 5 May 1947, in which year it carried over 10,000 passengers. . The airline's main base is Malpensa International Airport (MXP), Milan, with a hub at Leonardo Da Vinci International Airport (FCO), Rome.

Headquartered in Rome, it operates services to domestic and international destinations. Alitalia (Linee Aeree Italiane) (IATA: AZ, ICAO: AZA, and Callsign: Alitalia) is the national airline of Italy. 73 McDonnell Douglas MD-82. 4 McDonnell Douglas MD-11.

10 Boeing 777-200. 13 Boeing 767-300. 2 Boeing 747-200. 23 Airbus A321-100.

11 Airbus A320-200. 12 Airbus A319-100. There have been at least four aircraft incidents involving Alitalia planes:
. Six Alitalia flights have been hijacked.