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| Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771) |
The puma (Puma concolor since 1993, previously Felis concolor) is a type of predator-feline found in North, Central, and South America. Though large in size this cat cannot roar, but instead purrs and has even been said to make eerily humanlike screams when courting. It is more closely related to the common house cat than to the African lion. It is also known by the regional names of cougar, mountain lion, panther, catamount, and painted cat. The word puma comes from the Quechua language. In Brazil it's called suçuarana, from the Tupi language, but also has other names. In fact in the English language the puma has over 40 different names.
In North America, particularly the United States, panther by itself refers to a puma, although the term black panther is correctly associated only with the melanistic variants of leopards or jaguars rather than pumas. In Europe and Asia, panther means leopard and can refer to either the spotted or black leopard. In South America, panther refers to the jaguar and can refer to either the spotted or black jaguar. The melanistic gene can be seen in a variety of cats, including the Lion, Tiger, Leopard, Jaguar, Caracal, Jaguarundi, Serval, Ocelot, Margay, Bobcat, Geoffrey's Cat; however, melanism has never been documented in Puma concolor, though urban legends of "black panthers" persist. Such anecdotal accounts are particularly prominent in the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States, a region where P. concolor is accepted as having been wholly extirpated by the late 1800's, and where breeding populations have not been documented as re-established by 2005.
Recent DNA analysis has established that the puma is supposedly quite closely related to the jaguarundi and North American cheetah (Miracinonyx, now extinct), but not to true cheetahs. The puma is not closely related to other large felines, such as leopards and lions.
There is a considerable variation in color and size of these animals across their large range of habitats.
The Florida panther is a rare subspecies of puma that lives in the low pinelands, palm forests and swamps of southern Florida in the United States, especially near the Big Cypress National Preserve. There is currently a widespread effort in Florida to try to save the remaining population of the state's native panthers, as their numbers are extremely sparse. Estimates of their wild numbers range anywhere from 25 to 50 individuals. The Florida panther may be recognized in its smaller size (compared to other puma), a broader skull, and longer legs. As a result of inbreeding due to small population, this subspecies is beginning to exhibit a crook at the end of its tail and a whorls of fur on the back.
There once was a subspecies of puma in Wisconsin called the Wisconsin Cougar (F. c. schorgeri). Unfortunately it vanished into extinction as late as 1925.
Hybrids between subspecies of puma have occurred where new blood has been introduced into the Florida panther. Although a controversial move, the hybrids are more vigorous than pure Florida panthers and excessive inbreeding is averted.
In spite of not being closely related to the pantherine big cats, hybrids between pumas and leopards have been bred and are called pumapards. Hybrids between a puma and an ocelot have also been bred. Hybrids between pumas and jaguars have been reported, but none have been proven.
Pumas have one of the largest ranges of any wild cat, holding competition with only the Eurasian Lynx, Wild Cat and greatly spread Leopard. Before the modern human population explosion in the Americas, the puma ranged across most of the Americas. Even now, it has the widest range of any New World land animal, spanning 110 degrees of latitude, from the northern Yukon Territory (in Canada) to the southern Andes (on both the Chilean and Argentinian sides). One of the only locations where the puma is in great danger is within the United States, mainly Florida and other parts of the East Coast. This is mostly due to human infringement, clashing with cities and other urban "advancements" or because of the loss of territories that urbanization brings. When pumas are found and relocated to more "wild" parts of the state, they are put into competition with already existing cats.
Hunted almost to extinction in the United States, the puma has made a dramatic comeback, with an estimated 30,000 individuals in the western United States. In Canada, pumas are found west of the prairies, in Alberta, British Columbia and the southern Yukon. The densest concentration of pumas in North America is found on Vancouver Island in British Columbia
Pumas are gradually extending their range to the east, following creeks and riverbeds, and have reached Missouri and Michigan. Pumas have been seen along the northern shore of Lake Superior with an attack on a horse in Ely, Minnesota in 2004. It is anticipated that they will soon expand their range over the entire eastern and southern United States. There are continuing reports of the survival of a remnant population of the Eastern Cougar in New Brunswick, Ontario, and the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec.
Due to urbanization in the urban-wildland interface, pumas often come into contact with people, especially in areas with a large population of deer, their natural prey. They have also begun preying on pets, such as dogs and cats, and livestock, but have rarely turned to people as a source of food.
There are an estimated 4,000 to 6,000 pumas in California (est. circa 1990) and an estimated 4,500 to 5,000 in Colorado.
Puma, photographed in the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, ArizonaPumas are tawny-colored with black-tipped ears and tail. The puma can run as fast as 50 km/h (30 mph), jump 6 m (20 ft) from a standing position, vertically leap 2.5 m (8 ft), and often weigh more than 70 kg (150 lb). Their bite strength is more powerful than that of any domestic dog. Puma claws are retractable and they have four toes. Adult males may be more than eight feet long (nose to tail), and have a mass of about 70 kg (weigh approx 150 lb). In exceptional cases males may reach as much as 90 kg. Adult females can be 2 m (7 ft) long and have a mass of about 35 kg (weigh approx 75 lb). Puma kittens have brownish-blackish spots and rings on their tails. Their life span is about a decade in the wild and 25 years or more in captivity.
Pumas that live closest to the equator are the smallest, and increase in size in populations closer to the poles.
The normal coloration of the puma is tawny or sandy, mimicking their principal prey, the deer. Kittens have irregular blotches of darker brown which can sometimes persist into adolescence but disappear by the time the cat is a year old. Abnormally pale and even white (leucistic but not albino) pumas exist. Abnormally dark brown pumas with paler bellies have been described, primarily from South and Central America and were described as couguar noire in Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon. There are no authenticated reports of truly melanistic pumas.
Pumas can kill and drag prey about 7 times their own weight. They normally hunt large mammals, such as deer and elk, but will eat small animals, such as beavers, porcupines or even mice, if the need arises. They hunt alone and ambush their prey, often from behind. They usually kill with a bite at the base of the skull to break the neck of their target. The carcass of the kill is usually then buried or partially covered to protect it for several days, while the puma continues to roam and comes back for nourishment as needed. Pumas do not enjoy being scavengers, however, and will generally hunt for their own food and not eat from a carcass. Pumas will catch and kill their prey 98% of the time, so perhaps they can afford to be a bit choosey. Like other cats, they will also move to certain areas for feeding. Adult males tend to claim a 250 km² (100 mile²) stretch for their territory; adult females take (50 to 150 km² (20 to 60 mile²) on average; however their ranges can vary from as much as 1,000 km² (370 mile²) to as little as 25 km² (10 mile²).
A male may breed with several females. Female pumas usually have 3 or 4 kittens in a den in a rocky location. If a male puma invades the territory of another male, he may kill the kittens of resident females so that they will become receptive to mating.
Attacks on humans are rare, but do occur — especially as humans encroach on wildlands and impact the availability of the puma's traditional prey. There were around 100 puma attacks on humans in the USA and Canada during the period from 1890 to January 2004, with 16 fatalities; figures for California were 14 attacks and 6 fatalities. Attacks by puma on humans and pets are associated with urban areas situated in the wildland urban intermix such as the Boulder, Colorado area which have encouraged the traditional prey of the puma, the mule deer, to habituate to urban areas and the presence of people and pets. Pumas in such circumstances may come to lose their fear of both people and dogs and come to see them as prey.
On January 8, 2004 a puma killed and partly ate a mountain biker in Whiting Ranch Wilderness Park in Orange County, California; what is assumed to be the same animal attacked another mountain biker in the park the following day, but was fought off by other bikers. A young male puma was shot nearby by rangers later in the day.
Pumas cannot be hunted in California except under very specific circumstances. This, as well as the extinction in California of the wolf and brown bear, has allowed the puma to greatly increase its numbers, as there are usually no longer any competing predators able to steal a puma's kill, though a few black bears may be strong enough to do so. California law requires that wild animals who have attacked a human must be killed if they can be located.
Jogging, running, and biking on wildland trails can be particularly hazardous since such runners are likely to be less attentive to the surroundings and the motion can trigger a "chase and kill" reflex in the animal. Talk to local authorities or park rangers to see if it is advisable before taking such a risk.
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Talk to local authorities or park rangers to see if it is advisable before taking such a risk. The exception to this is the controversy over the Teletubbies speech possibly harming the linguistic development of children which had wide media exposure, but ultimately nothing came of it. Jogging, running, and biking on wildland trails can be particularly hazardous since such runners are likely to be less attentive to the surroundings and the motion can trigger a "chase and kill" reflex in the animal. In the show's native UK most of these controversies either went by largely unnoticed, and indeed reports of the controversies of Tinky Winky's alleged homosexuality and the alleged psychedelic nature of the programme from other countries were met with amusement by the media. California law requires that wild animals who have attacked a human must be killed if they can be located. Their antennas were hard plastic and understandably a jabbing concern in a slippery, wet tub. This, as well as the extinction in California of the wolf and brown bear, has allowed the puma to greatly increase its numbers, as there are usually no longer any competing predators able to steal a puma's kill, though a few black bears may be strong enough to do so. He was put on a 10 most dangerous toy list, later joined by the Laa-Laa bath toy. Pumas cannot be hunted in California except under very specific circumstances. A Boston lawyer once accused Dipsy, as a bath toy, of child endangerment. A young male puma was shot nearby by rangers later in the day. The owners of the series have also been extremely strict in the protection of their copyright and, as such, have refused to allow the Teletubbies characters to be used in school plays or any production outside those commercially controlled by the production company. On January 8, 2004 a puma killed and partly ate a mountain biker in Whiting Ranch Wilderness Park in Orange County, California; what is assumed to be the same animal attacked another mountain biker in the park the following day, but was fought off by other bikers. Other commentators have complained about the "psychedelic" nature of the program, claiming that parts of some episodes resemble drug-induced hallucinations: one episode in which a character is crushed by a falling letter E was taken to be a direct reference to the drug ecstasy. Pumas in such circumstances may come to lose their fear of both people and dogs and come to see them as prey. Some parents as a result have forbidden their children to watch the programme; others do allow this but with direct supervision to ensure the children identify only with the 'straight' characters. Attacks by puma on humans and pets are associated with urban areas situated in the wildland urban intermix such as the Boulder, Colorado area which have encouraged the traditional prey of the puma, the mule deer, to habituate to urban areas and the presence of people and pets. At least one young children's teacher in Brazil conducted experiments involving children's reaction to some episodes, and found they experienced problems with the gender roles of the characters and their own identification with them. There were around 100 puma attacks on humans in the USA and Canada during the period from 1890 to January 2004, with 16 fatalities; figures for California were 14 attacks and 6 fatalities. The most wide-ranging controversy is (as mentioned) the alleged gender confusion caused by Tinky Winky's supposedly homosexual traits. Attacks on humans are rare, but do occur — especially as humans encroach on wildlands and impact the availability of the puma's traditional prey. In Retarded Animal Babies Bunny brings costumes of his favorite TV show characters, the Telef***ies. If a male puma invades the territory of another male, he may kill the kittens of resident females so that they will become receptive to mating. In the Family Guy episode "A Hero Sits Next Door", Stewie is momentarily hypnotised by the Teletubbies. Female pumas usually have 3 or 4 kittens in a den in a rocky location. In the British sitcom The Vicar of Dibley, Alice Tinker has her bridesmaids dressed in Teletubbie costumes for her wedding in the episode Love And Marriage. A male may breed with several females. Notable episodes include Wild Barts Can't Be Broken where Milhouse not only watches the show but owns a pair of Teletubbies underpants, Missionary: Impossible as part of an angry mob who work for PBS, Days of Wine and D'oh'ses where a character called Gaa Gaa says "hurt everyone" which goes unnoticed because of the character's "cute name", and in Lisa the Treehugger the couch gag has The Simpsons as the Teletubbies. Adult males tend to claim a 250 km² (100 mile²) stretch for their territory; adult females take (50 to 150 km² (20 to 60 mile²) on average; however their ranges can vary from as much as 1,000 km² (370 mile²) to as little as 25 km² (10 mile²). Several episodes of The Simpsons contain references to the Teletubbies. Like other cats, they will also move to certain areas for feeding. At the height of the show's popularity it was heavily parodied. Pumas will catch and kill their prey 98% of the time, so perhaps they can afford to be a bit choosey. The fact that the Teletubbies are in full-body costumes throughout the show made this change, with the exception of the bag, unnoticeable. Pumas do not enjoy being scavengers, however, and will generally hunt for their own food and not eat from a carcass. The producers of the show never conceded that they replaced him because of the controversy regarding the original actor's sexual orientation. The carcass of the kill is usually then buried or partially covered to protect it for several days, while the puma continues to roam and comes back for nourishment as needed. Eventually the actor playing Tinky Winky was replaced with another, and the bag was removed. They usually kill with a bite at the base of the skull to break the neck of their target. However some of those who knew about the "fai dee, fai dee" in the Cantonese community (people from Southern China and Hong Kong), were still outraged, believing that it created an "overly optimistic" stereotype. They hunt alone and ambush their prey, often from behind. However, this did not stop people from wrongly interpreting the sounds that the original version of the Talking Po doll produced as "faggot faggot," or "fatty fatty," when in fact they were "fai dee, fai dee" (Cantonese for "faster, faster"). They normally hunt large mammals, such as deer and elk, but will eat small animals, such as beavers, porcupines or even mice, if the need arises. To think we would be putting sexual innuendo in a children's show is kind of outlandish.". Pumas can kill and drag prey about 7 times their own weight. It's a children's show, folks. There are no authenticated reports of truly melanistic pumas. "The fact that he carries a magic bag doesn't make him gay. Abnormally dark brown pumas with paler bellies have been described, primarily from South and Central America and were described as couguar noire in Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon. A spokesman for Itsy Bitsy Entertainment Co., who licenses the characters in the United States, said it was just a magic bag. Abnormally pale and even white (leucistic but not albino) pumas exist. A February, 1999 article in the National Liberty Journal, published by Jerry Falwell, warned parents that Tinky could be a hidden gay symbol, saying "[h]e is purple—the gay pride color, and his antenna is shaped like a triangle—the gay pride symbol." In one episode, Tinky Winky is also seen trying on some form of skirt. Kittens have irregular blotches of darker brown which can sometimes persist into adolescence but disappear by the time the cat is a year old. One of the Teletubbies, Tinky Winky, was the focus of a still hinted-at controversy in 1999 due to his carrying a bag that looks much like a woman's handbag (although he was first "outed" by the academic and cultural critic Andy Medhurst in a letter of July 1997 to The Face). The normal coloration of the puma is tawny or sandy, mimicking their principal prey, the deer. Wash wash wash"). Pumas that live closest to the equator are the smallest, and increase in size in populations closer to the poles. Tubby, Tubby, Tubby, Tubby. Their life span is about a decade in the wild and 25 years or more in captivity. Wash, wash, wash. Puma kittens have brownish-blackish spots and rings on their tails. The central console is also home to the Tubby Sponges ("Wash, wash, wash. Adult females can be 2 m (7 ft) long and have a mass of about 35 kg (weigh approx 75 lb). The dome's central console has a battery of knobs and levers with which a Tubby often chooses to amuse themselves ("Adjustments!"), although the outcome is normally limited to a variety of loud and surprising noises being generated. In exceptional cases males may reach as much as 90 kg. The Tubby Toaster is notoriously unreliable, and routinely either leaves a Tubby without their toast or buries them under a deluge of rounds. Adult males may be more than eight feet long (nose to tail), and have a mass of about 70 kg (weigh approx 150 lb). Although non-sentient, the other dome appliances also play a major role in many episodes. Puma claws are retractable and they have four toes. The Teletubbies always win, and give Noo-Noo a 'big-hug'. Their bite strength is more powerful than that of any domestic dog. The Noo-Noo does not share the Teletubbies' enthusiasm for big hugs, resulting in Benny Hill style chase sequences around the dome when the Tubbies try to express their gratitude, during which the Noo-Noo does a fine impression of a Formula 1 car engine in full flight. The puma can run as fast as 50 km/h (30 mph), jump 6 m (20 ft) from a standing position, vertically leap 2.5 m (8 ft), and often weigh more than 70 kg (150 lb). It has been shown that Noo-Noo has extraordinarily large storage capacity and the ability to regurgitate any contents, often things that it should not have consumed in the first place such as the Tubbies' blankets or Dipsy's hat ("Naughty Noo-Noo!"). Pumas are tawny-colored with black-tipped ears and tail. Noo-Noo is the Teletubbies' sentient automated vacuum cleaner who cleans up after the Teletubbies ("Noo-Noo tidy up!"). circa 1990) and an estimated 4,500 to 5,000 in Colorado. The show also features the voices of Toyah Willcox and Eric Sykes, and occasionally Sandra Dickinson and Penelope Keith, all of whom provide narration; the only (semi)regular physical cast member is Tamzin Griffin, [2] who plays the manic "Funny Lady". There are an estimated 4,000 to 6,000 pumas in California (est. Loves attention. They have also begun preying on pets, such as dogs and cats, and livestock, but have rarely turned to people as a source of food. Of all the Teletubbies, Po usually becomes most involved with the audience. Due to urbanization in the urban-wildland interface, pumas often come into contact with people, especially in areas with a large population of deer, their natural prey. Tomboy type. There are continuing reports of the survival of a remnant population of the Eastern Cougar in New Brunswick, Ontario, and the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec. Problem solver and best "spider-fighter". It is anticipated that they will soon expand their range over the entire eastern and southern United States. Bilingual: Speaks (broadcasting country's language) and Cantonese. Pumas have been seen along the northern shore of Lake Superior with an attack on a horse in Ely, Minnesota in 2004. Favourite thing: scooter. Pumas are gradually extending their range to the east, following creeks and riverbeds, and have reached Missouri and Michigan. (Pui Fan Lee): Female, red, circular antenna. The densest concentration of pumas in North America is found on Vancouver Island in British Columbia. "Drama queen", party-girl and mother type. In Canada, pumas are found west of the prairies, in Alberta, British Columbia and the southern Yukon. Thinks she's the best singer. Hunted almost to extinction in the United States, the puma has made a dramatic comeback, with an estimated 30,000 individuals in the western United States. Very concerned with the welfare of all. When pumas are found and relocated to more "wild" parts of the state, they are put into competition with already existing cats. Favourite thing: orange ball. This is mostly due to human infringement, clashing with cities and other urban "advancements" or because of the loss of territories that urbanization brings. (Nikky Smedley): Female, yellow, curly antenna. One of the only locations where the puma is in great danger is within the United States, mainly Florida and other parts of the East Coast. This is the least liked Teletubby, according to a nationwide British poll. Even now, it has the widest range of any New World land animal, spanning 110 degrees of latitude, from the northern Yukon Territory (in Canada) to the southern Andes (on both the Chilean and Argentinian sides). In later episodes, Dipsy had a notably darker face than the other Teletubbies, possibly an attempt by the producers to add ethnic diversity to the line-up. Before the modern human population explosion in the Americas, the puma ranged across most of the Americas. He once lost his hat and Laa-Laa found it, but instead of simply returning Dipsy's hat to the stricken Dipsy, she ran around it for about ten minutes shouting "Dipsy hat, Dipsy hat." A "nature boy", he likes to be with the rabbits. Pumas have one of the largest ranges of any wild cat, holding competition with only the Eurasian Lynx, Wild Cat and greatly spread Leopard. He likes his black and white furry top hat. Hybrids between pumas and jaguars have been reported, but none have been proven. Robert Debter): He is the green Teletubby, with a straight antenna (like a car's dipstick). Hybrids between a puma and an ocelot have also been bred. (John Simmit) (a.k.a. In spite of not being closely related to the pantherine big cats, hybrids between pumas and leopards have been bred and are called pumapards. These claims have caused some conservative Christians to regard Falwell's views as ridiculous. Although a controversial move, the hybrids are more vigorous than pure Florida panthers and excessive inbreeding is averted. Falwell cited the Teletubby's purple color, "purse", and triangle antenna as symbolic of homosexuality. Hybrids between subspecies of puma have occurred where new blood has been introduced into the Florida panther. Falwell issued an attack in his National Liberty Journal, citing a Washington Post "In/Out" column which stated that lesbian comedian Ellen DeGeneres was "out" as the chief national gay representative—while trendy Tinky Winky was "in". Unfortunately it vanished into extinction as late as 1925. Tinky Winky aroused the interest of Jerry Falwell in 1997 when Falwell alleged that the character was a "gay role model". schorgeri). (Dave Thompson, Mark Heenehan, Simon Shelton): He is the largest of the Teletubbies, is covered in purple terrycloth, has a triangular antenna on his head, and is notable for the red luggage (described by the show as a "magic bag", but often perceived as a handbag) he always seems to have at hand, also considered by some as a homosexual. c. It was reported that by 2002 the set had become overgrown, and pending the 2003 lease expiration it was expected to become farmland again. There once was a subspecies of puma in Wisconsin called the Wisconsin Cougar (F. In real life the Teletubbies' landscape was an outdoor set located in rural Warwickshire, England, at Sweet Knowle Farm, Redhill Bank Rd, Whimpstone, CV37 8NR (between Stratford upon Avon and Shipston on Stour, close to the River Stour; Google map [1]). As a result of inbreeding due to small population, this subspecies is beginning to exhibit a crook at the end of its tail and a whorls of fur on the back. Since the four years of production had exceeded the target audience's range of ages, it was deemed that continuance was unnecessary, and the existing 365 episodes will be played in re-runs for years to come. The Florida panther may be recognized in its smaller size (compared to other puma), a broader skull, and longer legs. It is reported that this was due to substantial pay rise demands by the previously anonymous actors portraying the Teletubbies. Estimates of their wild numbers range anywhere from 25 to 50 individuals. In 2001 production was cancelled and it was announced that no new episodes would be produced. There is currently a widespread effort in Florida to try to save the remaining population of the state's native panthers, as their numbers are extremely sparse. Fortunately one of their companions is the Noo-Noo, a sentient, self-propelled vacuum cleaner. The Florida panther is a rare subspecies of puma that lives in the low pinelands, palm forests and swamps of southern Florida in the United States, especially near the Big Cypress National Preserve. They are spectacularly messy eaters. . The Teletubbies' diet seems to consist exclusively of Tubby Custard (which is sucked through a spiral straw bowl) and Tubby Toast (circular toast with a smiley face on it). The puma is not closely related to other large felines, such as leopards and lions. A prominent feature of each episode is a radiant sun that has an image of a smiling baby superimposed upon it. Recent DNA analysis has established that the puma is supposedly quite closely related to the jaguarundi and North American cheetah (Miracinonyx, now extinct), but not to true cheetahs. The surreal environment is an evocation of a toddler's perception of the world, where they are ordered about and told to go to sleep, whilst wonderful and mysterious things happen without explanation. concolor is accepted as having been wholly extirpated by the late 1800's, and where breeding populations have not been documented as re-established by 2005. Perhaps the most common exclamation, however, is "Big hugs!" which one or more of the Teletubbies will invariably call for during the course of an episode, resulting in an enthusiastic group hug ("Teletubbies love each other very much", confirms the narrator). Such anecdotal accounts are particularly prominent in the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States, a region where P. Laa-Laa, when flustered, will explode with "Bibberly cheese!", which is as angry as they get. The melanistic gene can be seen in a variety of cats, including the Lion, Tiger, Leopard, Jaguar, Caracal, Jaguarundi, Serval, Ocelot, Margay, Bobcat, Geoffrey's Cat; however, melanism has never been documented in Puma concolor, though urban legends of "black panthers" persist. The Teletubbies' catch-phrases are Eh-oh (hello), as in: Eh-oh, Laa-Laa, to which Laa-Laa will respond, Eh-oh, [other Tubby's name]; "Uh-oh", a common toddler response to anything untowards; "Run away! Run away!", especially from Dipsy; and "Bye-bye" at least four times in a row. In South America, panther refers to the jaguar and can refer to either the spotted or black jaguar. Tubbies are at the stage of understanding speech but not yet fully capable of articulating it, exactly like their target audience. In Europe and Asia, panther means leopard and can refer to either the spotted or black leopard. The Teletubbies speak in a gurgling baby language which is the subject of some controversy amongst educationalists, some of whom argue that this supposedly made-up talk is not good for children (a similar complaint was made forty years previously about another children's series, The Flowerpot Men). In North America, particularly the United States, panther by itself refers to a puma, although the term black panther is correctly associated only with the melanistic variants of leopards or jaguars rather than pumas. The repeating of practically every word is familiar to everyone who has ever worked with young children. In fact in the English language the puma has over 40 different names. The pacing and design of the show was developed by a cognitive psychologist, Andrew Davenport, who structured the show to fit the attention spans of the target audience. In Brazil it's called suçuarana, from the Tupi language, but also has other names. The Teletubbies have the bodily proportions, behaviour and language of toddlers. The word puma comes from the Quechua language. When the series is shown in different countries around the world, the film inserts are to be tailored to suit local audiences. It is also known by the regional names of cougar, mountain lion, panther, catamount, and painted cat. These screens are used to segue into short film sequences, which are generally repeated at least once. It is more closely related to the common house cat than to the African lion. They are instead furry, and have metallic silver-azure rectangular "screens" adorning their abdomens. Though large in size this cat cannot roar, but instead purrs and has even been said to make eerily humanlike screams when courting. The costumes vaguely resemble bulky spacesuits, although the Tubbies appear not to wear clothes. The puma (Puma concolor since 1993, previously Felis concolor) is a type of predator-feline found in North, Central, and South America. The Teletubbies are played by actors encased in large costumes, although the sets are designed so as to give no sense of scale. Norton, November, 2003, hardcover, 320 pages, ISBN 0393058077. The only natural fauna are rabbits (although birds are often heard, particularly blackcap and wren) and it is always sunny and pleasant save for one exception where puddles are required. W. The environment is dotted with unusually talkative flowers and periscope-like "voice trumpets". David Baron, Beast in the Garden: A Modern Parable of Man and Nature, W. The programme features four colourful tubby creatures: Tinky Winky, Dipsy, Laa-Laa and Po, who live within a futuristic dome (the "Tubbytronic Superdome"), set in a landscape of rolling grasslands. Do not climb a tree as pumas can climb just as well (if not much better) than humans. . Be wary when leaving pets outside, particularly at dawn and dusk. Teletubbies was controversial for this reason, and also for a perception that it was insufficiently educational. Keep pets from roaming and never feed pets outside. The mixture of bright colours, unusual designs, repetitive non-verbal dialogue, the ritualistic format and the occasional forays into physical comedy appealed to a demographic who perceived the show as having psychedelic connotations. Install motion-sensitive outdoor lighting. Teletubbies say Eh-Oh, a single based around the show's theme song, reached #1 on the UK Singles Chart in December 1997 and remained in the top 100 for eight months, selling over a million copies. Remove dense and low-lying vegetation that provide good hiding places for pumas. Although the show is aimed at children between the ages of one and four, the show was a substantial cult hit with older generations, particularly college students who bought the customary regulation T Shirts. The best place to hit a puma is on the nose. He makes the teletubbies become terrorists, its sooooooo cooooolllll. Pumas have been repelled with rocks, sticks, garden tools, kicks, and bare hands; a well placed kick to the face has been known to work. but there like all terrorists, havent you seen the episode with bin laden in it. Fight back if attacked. The programme was a rapid critical and commercial success in Britain and abroad, particularly notable for its high production values; it won a BAFTA in 1998. Do not crouch down or bend over; this may create the appearance of an ordinary quadriped prey rather than a typically non-prey biped. It was created by Anne Wood CBE, Ragdoll's creative director, and Andrew Davenport, who wrote each of the show's 365 episodes. Do everything possible to appear larger or intimidating, including raising arms wildly, opening up jacket, and throwing stones and branches. Teletubbies is a BBC children's television series, particularly aimed at babies and pre-school toddlers, produced from 1997 to 2001 by Ragdoll Productions. Pick up young children without bending or turning from the puma (if possible). Instead, stand and face the animal, making eye contact. If confronted by a puma, do not run; that might stimulate its instinct to chase. Do not hike alone; go in groups with adults supervising children. Andes Puma (Puma concolor araucanus). Argentine Puma (Puma concolor pearsoni). Chilean Puma (Puma concolor puma). Mato Grosso Cougar (Puma concolor acrocodia). Bolivian Cougar (Puma concolor osgoodi). Incan Cougar (Puma concolor incarum). Amazon Cougar (Puma concolor discolor). Ecuador Cougar (Puma concolor soderstromi). Colombian Cougar (Puma concolor bangsi). Mayan Cougar (Puma concolor mayensis). Texas Cougar (Puma concolor stanleyana. Yuma Puma (Puma concolor browni). Kaibab Cougar (Puma concolor kaibabensis). California Cougar (Puma concolor californica). Vancouver Island Cougar (Puma concolor vancouverensis). Oregon Cougar (Puma concolor oregonensis). Colorado Cougar (Puma concolor hippolestes). Missoula Cougar (Puma concolor missoulensis). Patagonian Puma (Puma concolor patagonica). Baja Californian Cougar (Puma concolor improcera). Brazilian Cougar (Puma concolor concolor). Costa Rican Cougar (Puma concolor costaricensis). Mexican Cougar (Puma concolor azteca). Eastern Cougar (Puma concolor cougar). Wisconsin Cougar (Puma concolor shorgeri) (extinct). Florida Panther (Puma concolor coryi). |