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The Passion of the Christ

The Passion of the Christ (2004) is a film about the last twelve hours of the life of Jesus Christ. It is directed by Mel Gibson. The film’s dialogue is in Latin, Hebrew, and Aramaic, which was Jesus' mother tongue. The movie was released with subtitles. It was filmed on location in Matera, Italy and Cinecittà Studios, Rome, Italy.

After months of interest and controversy (primarily over alleged anti-Semitism and the film's heavy gore) that led to record pre-release sales, the movie opened in the United States on February 25 (Ash Wednesday, the beginning of Lent), 2004. Taking $370m in the U.S., it became the highest-grossing R-rated film ever made, and had, for a time, the eighth highest all-time domestic gross (it has since dropped to tenth place). It is also one of the few movies to lose and then regain the #1 box-office ranking (it regained the top spot, as expected, on the 2004 Easter Weekend).

An edited version of the film was released on March 11, 2005 as The Passion Recut. Mel Gibson removed approximately five minutes of the most graphic footage in an effort to broaden the audience of the film. However, this version was not terribly successful (just 950 theaters in North America, averaging just 10 viewers per showing,) and was quickly pulled from theaters. Even edited, the Motion Picture Association of America still deemed the film too violent to give a PG-13 rating, so Gibson released it without a rating, which limited it due to policies of some chains and independent theaters to not show unrated films. Others simply passed on The Passion Recut because the original version was already available on DVD and VHS.

Critics were polarized over the film. According to the website RottenTomatoes.com only 51% of critics praised the film but 76% of users loved it [1]. Similarly, critics rate it a B− [2], but users of Yahoo! rate it a B+.

Making of

Mel Gibson played many crucial roles in getting The Passion of the Christ made, and it has been called “Mel’s labor of love.” Gibson personally committed an estimated $40m to $50m of his own resources to finance and advertise the film. In addition to directing, Gibson co-produced and co-wrote the screenplay with Benedict Fitzgerald.

Because of the subject, the graphic violence in the film, and, most of all, because the actors in the film spoke Aramaic, Gibson reportedly had difficulty finding a company to distribute it in the United States. In fact, the film was completed before a distributor, Newmarket Films, agreed to release it in the U.S. In Canada, Equinox Films was the distributor. Icon Films distributed it in the United Kingdom.

In addition to the attacks of anti-Semitism from many Jews and liberal Christians, Gibson’s traditionalist Catholic beliefs were also a frequent target by critics. The film was seen by many critics to be nothing less than a modern-day Passion play that propagates the Jews' guilt of deicide. However, Jewish Romanian actress Maia Morgenstern (who played Mary), who is the daughter of a Holocaust survivor, rejects these criticisms. In an interview filmed for the PAX documentary about the making of the film, Morgenstern said that she had read the script with her father and they both found it "beautiful, very poetic, and very philosophical."

Gibson intended the movie to be faithful to the New Testament, but did use elements culled from extra-biblical sources to flesh out the screenplay. Arguably, the most controversial of those was "The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ". Dictated to a writer by a sickly, stigmatic, and virtually illiterate German Augustinian nun named Anne Catherine Emmerich (1774–1824,) the book chronicled Emmerich's visions of Christ’s Passion, which sometimes depicted the Jews as even more vicious and bloodthirsty than the oppressive Romans who ruled Judaea at the time.

Many critics contend that the habits worn by Maia Morgenstern and Monica Bellucci, who portrayed Mary Magdalene in the film are similar to the habits worn by Augustinian nuns, and were a tribute to Emmerich.

But, arguably, the strongest criticism directed at Mel Gibson was due to his refusal to denounce the views of his father, Hutton Gibson, who espouses doubts concerning the number of Jews killed during the Holocaust. The elder Gibson is extremely outspoken against the post-Vatican II Roman Catholic Church, even writing a scathing criticism of the late Pope John Paul II (Karol Józef Wojtyła,) whom the elder Gibson called "Garrulous Karolus the Qur'an Kisser." Hutton Gibson even labeled the Second Vatican Council a Masonic plot launched by the Jews to take over the Roman Catholic Church. Friends close to both Gibsons say that although Mel Gibson loves his father dearly and abides by the biblical dictum "honor thy father and mother," they disagree on a number of subjects. One called Hutton Gibson “an old man with strange views.” Even ABC’s newsanchor Diane Sawyer was sternly rebuked by Mel Gibson during the airing of a special about The Passion of the Christ when she brought up some of Hutton Gibson’s statements, ostensibly to give Mel the opportunity to say "I don't agree with my father on that." Instead, he said “He’s my father... I love him... gotta leave it alone, Diane. [You] gotta leave it alone.” Many critics saw this as a missed opportunity for Mel Gibson; Gibson's supporters contend that Sawyer was asking a loaded question and got the response she wanted.

There was a traditional Catholic priest on set during the entire filming, and sources state that there were a number of non-Christians in the cast and crew who converted to Christianity. Jim Caviezel, the American actor playing Jesus, is, like Mel Gibson, a devout Catholic.

Caviezel suffered numerous injuries and ailments during the production, including pneumonia. He separated his shoulder while filming a scene in which Jesus falls and the cross lands on his back. During the scourging scene, Caviezel was actually whipped twice and still bears scars. The complex full-body makeup required the actor to be awake at 2 a.m. to undergo several hours of application of the appliances that would make it look like he had been viciously flayed.

Australian photographer Ken Duncan was invited by Mel Gibson to be present during filming and offers limited edition prints [3] and a book full of photography shot on location.

Cast and crew

Cast:

  • James Caviezel - Jesus, the Christ
  • Maia Morgenstern - Mary, the mother of Jesus
  • Monica Bellucci - Mary Magdalene
  • Hristo Naumov Shopov - Pontius Pilate
  • Mattia Sbragia - Caiphas
  • Rosalinda Celentano - Satan
  • Hristo Jivkov - John
  • Francesco DeVito - Peter
  • Luca Lionello - Judas
  • Claudia Gerini - Claudia Procles

Crew:

  • Mel Gibson - director, co-producer, co-screenwriter
  • Benedict Fitzgerald - co-screenwriter
  • Caleb Deschanel - director of photography
  • Francesco Frigeri - production designer
  • Reverend William Fulco - translated script into Latin and reconstructed Aramaic

The film was shot at Rome’s Cinecitta Studios and various locations in Italy, much of it in Matera, on a budget of U.S. $25 million, financed entirely by Gibson.

Spoiler warning: Plot and/or ending details follow.

Details of the film

Details in the film not present in the New Testament

(Where possible, the source of these details is indicated in parentheses after the entry.)

  • During Jesus’ distress in the Garden of Gethsemane, Satan is shown speaking to him. (In Luke 4:13, it is said that the Devil left Jesus “for a time”, and many theologians reason that Satan’s moment was in the Garden, but this encounter is not recorded in the Gospel.)
  • In the Garden, Jesus crushes a serpent's head. This was a reference to Genesis 3:15, the Protoevangelion.[4]
  • A Jewish Temple guard, sent to apprehend Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane, drops him from a small bridge suspended from a chain. (Taken from Anne Catherine Emmerich, The Dolorous Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ, chapter 3.)
  • Judas is tormented by “children” whose morphing facial features suggest they are demons, driving him to suicide. Matthew reports that Judas committed suicide by strangulation, presumed to be from hanging. Acts states that his body also fell, causing him to burst open and spill out his bowels. (Emmerich reports that he “fled as if a thousand furies were at his heel” and later mentions Satan standing at his side to drive him to despair, chapter 14.) What happened here is that Judas went and hung himself and then his body later fell down and split open.
  • The movie depicts some Jews as opposing the absence of the Sanhedrin’s quorum, thereby challenging the legality of the trial and intimating that Jesus was not being treated fairly by Jewish leadership. (Emmerich mentions a similar event in chapter 13.)
  • When Jesus is first brought before Pontius Pilate, Pilate beholds his bloody, bruised condition and asks members of the Sanhedrin (the high council of the Jewish temple in Jerusalem) if they always beat prisoners prior to trial. (Emmerich, chapter 17.)
  • Herod Antipas is portrayed as a mincing, lisping, effeminate homosexual, complete with a “boy-toy”. Although this was a common caricature of Herod in medieval Passion plays and even in Jesus Christ Superstar, it does not appear in the Gospels and is contrary to the historical record regarding Antipas.
  • Mary Magdalene is shown as “the woman taken in adultery” saved from execution by Jesus’ famous “let him who is without sin cast the first stone” statement. The identification of Mary Magdalene with the adulterous woman is not explicit in the text, nor is not official Catholic dogma. It has been a matter of contention between some traditionalists and other parties both inside and outside the Church.
  • Pilate is shown discussing with his wife the fragility of his relationship with Tiberius Caesar, emphasizing orders Caesar gave him to avoid uprisings in Judea. (Cf. Emmerich, chapter 19. The gospel of Matthew only mentions a message from Pilate’s wife delivered while Pilate is hearing the case.)
  • During the scourging scene Jesus is nearly flayed alive, back and front, by a variety of whip implements, some with embedded shells, glass and nails. The Gospels state only that he was scourged (see flagellation), though they do state that Christ was "almost unrecognizable" after that day.
  • After the scourging, Mary wipes up the blood of Jesus with towels provided by Pilate’s wife. (Emmerich, chapter 23.)
  • Along the Via Dolorosa, Jesus is repeatedly rope whipped by a trailing Roman soldier.
  • Simon of Cyrene, who helps Jesus carry the cross and puts his arm around him, is debased, treated poorly by a Roman soldier, and called “Jew” with a sneer. Only Simon’s name, place of origin, and the fact that he helped Jesus carry the cross are in all three Synoptic Gospels. (Cf. Emmerich, chapter 36.)
  • Along the Via Dolorosa, the image of Jesus’ face is transferred to a cloth given to him by a woman. This event does not appear in any Bible narrative, but is a depiction of the Roman Catholic tradition of Veronica's Veil. (Emmerich, chapter 34, which also includes her offering Jesus a drink.)
  • While travelling along the Via Dolorosa, Jesus falls under the weight of the cross three times. Also, Mary goes to Jesus so that she may comfort him. Though these events are traditionally accepted in the Roman Catholic Church as part of the Stations of the Cross, they are never mentioned in the Gospels; however, Simon of Cyrene was compelled to complete the task of carrying Jesus' cross (which is mentioned in the Gospels). (Emmerich describes seven falls and also the encounter with Mary, chapters 31–36.)
  • When Jesus’ right arm does not extend far enough to reach a nail hole on the cross, a Roman soldier dislocates the arm at the shoulder by pulling it with a rope until the palm is over the hole. (Emmerich chapter 38.)
  • After Jesus is nailed to the cross but before it has been raised, Roman soldiers flip the cross and Jesus over. When they are flipped face-down, Jesus and the cross seem to levitate above the ground, and when flipped back-down, both land with high impact on the ground. (Reportedly a mistake in the filming that Gibson decided “looked good”.)
  • The names assigned to the thieves crucified with Christ, Dismas and Gesmas (also Gestas), are traditional but are not given in Scripture. (Cf. Emmerich, chapter 43, and the apocryphal Acts of Pilate, also known as the Gospel of Nicodemus.)
  • The crucified criminal who mocked Jesus was shown being pecked at mercilessly by a raven.
  • In the film Jesus builds a table in a rather modern style — one that one would sit at using chairs, but his mother tells him that “it’ll never catch on.”
  • The devil is shown carrying an “Ugly Baby” during Christ’s flogging. No mention of this is in the Gospels, and Mel Gibson is reported to have said “it’s evil distorting what’s good. What is more tender and beautiful than a mother and a child? So the Devil takes that and distorts it just a little bit. Instead of a normal mother and child you have an androgynous figure holding a 40-year-old ‘baby’ with hair on his back. It is weird, it is shocking, it’s almost too much–just like turning Jesus over to continue scourging him on his chest is shocking and almost too much, which is the exact moment when this appearance of the Devil and the baby takes place.” Another interpretation held by some viewers was that the baby was actually the Antichrist, symbolically being nurtured on the hatred of Jesus by the crowds. Yet another interpretation holds that the baby is representative of original sin (the curse Jesus came to remove by his sacrifice). Cf. James 1:15 "Then, after desire has conceived, it gives birth to sin; and sin, when it is full-grown, gives birth to death."
  • The earthquake described by Matthew causes a huge fissure to split the Temple down the center. In the Gospels it is only reported that the curtain at the Holy of Holies was split.
  • The final scene of the movie shows Jesus leaving the tomb after the Resurrection. This detail is not present in the Bible — it only tells of the arrival of the women at the tomb, where Jesus is nowhere to be found, though it can be assumed from the later Resurrection appearances where Jesus is described as having `the mark of the nails in his hands`. (John 20:25-27)

Most of these details have been taken from Roman Catholic Tradition and the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, who vividly described Jesus’ Passion in the book The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ according to the Meditations of Anne Catherine Emmerich (Sulzbach, 1833). For Catholics, the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich are not considered part of the oral Apostolic Tradition and therefore Roman Catholics are not compelled to accept them as true lest they be outside the faith. (Emmerich received beatification in 2004, though her visions were not considered as material for the process, since they were written down by another, who appears to have elaborated on them.) Details beyond primary textual sources are to be expected in dramatizations of historical events, but the trend and tenor of non-source material can assist in understanding the general tendencies of the creators.

Other controversial historical points

  • Jesus is shown working as a carpenter, specifically as an independent craftsman (making tables). Whether he actually was a carpenter (and if so, what kind, and for what employers) is a point of current discussion among historians. In any case, his workshop is tidier than real-life establishments of this nature tend to be.
  • In the film, Jesus and Pilate converse in Latin. This is historically unlikely, although not impossible. Some Jews, under Roman occupation, would have been able to converse to some extent in Latin. A more likely common language would have been the Hellenistic Greek (or Koine=common) spoken somewhat widely around the Mediterranean, and in the remnant of a former Greek empire. However, the conversation is started in Aramaic by Pilate, while the switch to Latin is made by Jesus.
  • Pilate is depicted not only as sympathetic to Jesus (as the gospels maintain) but as fearing the reaction of Rome, should complaints of brutality reach the capital. There are no direct facts supporting the view, but however the depiction is not unrealistic. Pilate and Jews had had several fierce disagreements, and Jewish authorities had also complained of Pilate to Tiberius in Rome.
  • Jesus' route follows the Fourteen Stations of the Cross of Catholic tradition, despite the fact that some claim that many of them are not historical.
  • Many details of the crucifixion fail to incorporate the last century's worth of research. Various modern scholars would claim Jesus should have been entirely naked, as described in the Gospel of John (19:23-24), where the undergarment remains and the soldiers, unable to divide a single article of clothing, cast lots for it. The nails should have pierced his wrists or entered at an angle through the crevice in the palm next to the thumb and extending through the bones of the wrist, which the Greek diction of the Gospels allows. Jesus should have carried only the crossbeam, not the entire cross (as the vertical part would have remained permanently in place, ready for future victims). The multilingual sign should typically have gone around his neck, etc.
  • In general, the people are too clean, and have too many teeth.

Controversy about anti-Semitism

This movie is considered controversial by some Jewish and Christian groups. Some Jewish groups have expressed concern that the film blames the death of Jesus on the Jews as a group, which, they have said, could fan anti-Semitism. Several fundamentalist Protestant groups have criticized the film for its Catholic and ecumenical overtones.

The Jewish community was concerned with the charge of deicide, which was the cause of many pogroms in history, and a number of other issues:

  • Many Jews who do not follow Jesus, such as the High Priest, Caiaphas, are portrayed as physically ugly, perhaps drawing on stock anti-Semitic stereotypes of Jews. However this is also true of the Roman soldiers.
  • The High Priest is shown as if he a were a member in good-standing of the Jewish community; historians note that the High Priest at the time was in the service of the Roman government, having been appointed by the Roman-client King Herod.
  • Pontius Pilate is portrayed as a thoughtful, temperate man who ultimately agrees to crucify Jesus because he does not want to risk a Jewish rebellion on the one hand, and a Christian rebellion on the other. However, historians hold that Pilate was known for his rough treatment of Jews in general, and was responsible for crucifying hundreds of Jews during his reign.

The filmmakers defend that this depiction reflects the spirit and letter of the Christian New Testament Scriptures, though others disagree with that characterization. For example, a scene where Jews cruelly push Jesus off of a bridge is in Emmerich's work, but not in the Gospels. Some Orthodox Jews, such as Rabbi Daniel Lapin and Michael Medved disagree that the movie was anti-semitic and have spoken out in support of it. Supporters also point to the many positive portrayals of Jews in the film, such as Simon (who helps Jesus carry the cross), Mary Magdelene, Mary, Peter, Veronica (the woman who gives the cloth to Jesus), and of course Jesus himself.

When asked himself whether or not his movie would be offensive to Jews today, Gibson replied, “It’s not meant to. I think it’s meant to just tell the truth. I want to be as truthful as possible. But when you look at the reasons Christ came, he was crucified — he died for all mankind and he suffered for all mankind. So that, really, anyone who transgresses has to look at their own part or look at their own culpability.” This only added to the controversy, though Gibson tried to avoid it by filming his own hands driving the nails into the cross. Some were also skeptical of Gibson's intentions because of his ambiguous statements regarding the Holocaust and his father's allged denial of it.[5] [6]

However there two problems with Gibson's statement:

  1. Because Jesus is popular with the people at large, he is arrested clandestinely at night to avoid a riot (Mk. 14:2).
  2. Caiaphas fears that a riot could provoke the Romans to destroy the Temple (Jn. 11:48). [N.B. the opposite of the film's claim he could lead a revolt.]
  3. Jesus is arrested by Temple guards and Roman soldiers (Jn. 18:3).
  4. Jesus is questioned by Annas and Caiaphas about his disciples and his teaching and then taken to Pilate (Jn.18:19, 24, 28) [No Sanhedrin trial or question of Jesus' divinity].
  5. Pilate was known to use violence to enforce Roman rule (Lk 13:1).
  6. Jesus was scourged as part of the Roman crucifixion procedure once Pilate ordered his execution (Mk. 15:15, as against Jn. 19:1-8 ff.).
  7. A great multitude of the people (Lk. 23:27) and all the multitudes (Lk. 23:48) of Jews are sorrowful about Jesus' crucifixion.
  8. Jesus' execution was done in haste (Mk.15:25; Jn 19:31).

Some argue that the idea of universal culpability of the death of Jesus Christ is one of the principal underlying doctrines of Christianity, and has been fundamental to Catholic teaching since the 1st century. As expressed in the 1570 Catholic handbook Catechism of the Council of Trent:

In this guilt [for the Crucifixion] are involved all those who fall frequently into sin; for, as our sins consigned Christ the Lord to the death of the Cross, most certainly those who wallow in sin and iniquity crucify to themselves again the Son of God, as far as in them lies, and make a mockery of Him. This guilt seems more enormous in us than in the Jews, since according to the testimony of the same Apostle: If they had known it, they would never have crucified the Lord of glory; while we, on the contrary, professing to know Him, yet denying Him by our actions, seem in some sort to lay violent hands on Him.

However, others argue that the Church did not explicitly repudiate the deicide charge and anti-Semitism until the Second Vatican Council in 1965, and note that Gibson's father has spoken out against Vatican II, and that he has never spoken against his father's statements in the past (though he has not spoken out for them, either).

Another controversy concerns the line "His blood [is] on us and on our children!" (Matthew 27:25[7]]), which has been historically interpreted by some anti-Semites as a curse on the Jewish people. For this reason, various Jewish groups requested that this be removed from the film; however, the Aramaic dialogue is still audible; only the [[subtitle] was removed. [8]

CNN reported that Pope John Paul II had a private viewing of the film shortly before its release. [9] Supporters of Gibson’s interpretation of the Passion claimed that the Pope allegedly remarked to his good friend, Monsignor Stanisław Dziwisz, "It is as it was." Dziwisz denied that this ever happened, but it was reported widely that the Pope had, indeed, said those words.

Criticism over graphic violence

Several critics were troubled by the level of graphic violence in the film, and especially cautioned parents to avoid bringing their children — an unusual worry in a religious film. Roger Ebert, who awarded the movie four stars out of four, said in his review:

David Ansen, a critic from Newsweek, calling the film "relentlessly savage" and a "movie no child can, or should, see", said:

Gibson said in his interview with Diane Sawyer:

Criticism by Fundamentalist Protestants

Passion has been criticized by some Protestant Christian spokesmen for departing from New Testament storylines. A significant number of scenes and details in the movie are ideas from traditional passion plays and Anne Catherine Emmerich's book The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ [10]. Additionally, many scenes and dramatic events are symbolic by nature, serving as groundwork, or support, for the storyline, and reflect events found elsewhere in the Christian scriptures or in the Catholic tradition.

DVD Release

Fox Home Entertainment distributed the release of the film on DVD on August 31, 2004. It sold millions on its first day. The film was presented on DVD with absolutely no special features, leaving many to wonder whether Gibson intended to "double-dip," so to speak, by releasing a special edition that Christmas or the following Easter. Neither of those things happened, and to this day there is no word or rumor that Gibson will fulfill what many have predicted he would.

Music

Three CDs were released with Mel Gibson's co-operation: the film soundtrack comprising of John Debney's original orchestral score; Songs Inspired By The Film which contained original collaborations from the likes of Scott Stapp and P.O.D.; and finally the similarly-titled Songs Inspired By The Passion of the Christ.

Trivia

Jim Caviezel, who played Jesus Christ, was struck by lightning during the shooting; while the assistant director, Jan Michelini, was allegedly struck by lightning twice and given the moniker Jan "Lightning Boy" Michelini in the film's closing credits. [11] and [12]. Caviezel, upon rising from the hit without major damage, reportedly said, "I guess He didn't like that take."

Jim Caviezel admitted that he was struck in the back accidentally during the scourging sequence, leaving a significant scar on his back. Apparently one of the actors portraying the Roman Guards was supposed to strike a board on Caviezel’s back to prevent from injuring Caviezel but had missed the mark.

The movie's atmosphere caused a number of crime confessions: a Norwegian neo-Nazi bomber, two burglars, a robber and a murderer (the murder of his girlfriend had been declared a suicide) turned themselves over to the police after having watched The Passion, seeking redemption.

Hellboy saw release in theaters at the same time, prompting some movie theaters- especially those in the south- to simply not play Hellboy at all. Certain other theaters would play the film, but would re-title it in their marquee. According to director Guillermo del Toro's DVD commentary, Passion hurt Hellboy ticket sales as a result.

Gibson/CleanFlicks Lawsuit

In November, 2005, Mel Gibson filed a lawsuit alleging that CleanFlicks, an American Fork, Utah firm owned by Ray Lines, infringed on his ownership of The Passion of The Christ by illegally editing it for profit. According to Lines, CleanFlicks has edited sex, violence and foul language out of 900 films, and has been in a legal dispute with the film industry for the past three years.

According to Lines, he edited only about three minutes of the most graphic footage out, but noted that Gibson himself did the same thing and released it a year later as The Passion Recut.

Gibson is reportedly not looking for monetary compensation. He simply wants CleanFlicks shut down.


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He simply wants CleanFlicks shut down. In the book 100 People Who Are Screwing Up America by Bernard Goldberg, Moore is ranked number one on said list. Gibson is reportedly not looking for monetary compensation. An episode of American Dad later depicted the opening of a new Michael Moore film in which he sleeps with Angelina Jolie on camera and Hailey leaves in disgust over Moore's "selling out.". According to Lines, he edited only about three minutes of the most graphic footage out, but noted that Gibson himself did the same thing and released it a year later as The Passion Recut. In a September 2005 episode of the animated Family Guy series, titled The Perfect Castaway, Peter recalls a farting contest with Michael Moore that develops into a parody of the duelling banjo scene from Deliverance. According to Lines, CleanFlicks has edited sex, violence and foul language out of 900 films, and has been in a legal dispute with the film industry for the past three years. The British television programme Dead Ringers featured a segment in its 2004 "US election special" entitled "Michael Moore takes on Michael Moore," in which a Michael Moore impersonator satirises Moore's documentary style and approach.

In November, 2005, Mel Gibson filed a lawsuit alleging that CleanFlicks, an American Fork, Utah firm owned by Ray Lines, infringed on his ownership of The Passion of The Christ by illegally editing it for profit. [29]. According to director Guillermo del Toro's DVD commentary, Passion hurt Hellboy ticket sales as a result. When interviewed by Kent Brockman, he offered statistics and then got belligerent when Brockman asked him for the statistics' source as proof of their accuracy. Certain other theaters would play the film, but would re-title it in their marquee. Moore lent his voice to a parody of himself on The Simpsons; he was depicted as showing up to Springfield Elementary School in support of a student strike. Hellboy saw release in theaters at the same time, prompting some movie theaters- especially those in the south- to simply not play Hellboy at all. In each scene the inscription on Moore's baseball cap gets progressively more self-righteous: "Hero", "Saint", "Martyr".

The movie's atmosphere caused a number of crime confessions: a Norwegian neo-Nazi bomber, two burglars, a robber and a murderer (the murder of his girlfriend had been declared a suicide) turned themselves over to the police after having watched The Passion, seeking redemption. In a 2003 skit, entitled "Bowling for Christmas", [28] Vogt as Moore angrily accuses Christmas shoppers of supporting terrorism and Santa Claus of exploiting child labor. Apparently one of the actors portraying the Roman Guards was supposed to strike a board on Caviezel’s back to prevent from injuring Caviezel but had missed the mark. MADtv comedian Paul Vogt is noted for his impersonations of Moore. Jim Caviezel admitted that he was struck in the back accidentally during the scourging sequence, leaving a significant scar on his back. This war was not elected by the populace." In a similar vein, the parody film Fellowship 9/11 parodied Fahrenheit 9/11 using the Lord of the Rings films as its basis. Caviezel, upon rising from the hit without major damage, reportedly said, "I guess He didn't like that take.". This is a fictitious war.

[11] and [12]. Shame on you hobbits, shame on you. Jim Caviezel, who played Jesus Christ, was struck by lightning during the shooting; while the assistant director, Jan Michelini, was allegedly struck by lightning twice and given the moniker Jan "Lightning Boy" Michelini in the film's closing credits. Moore was depicted holding a camera amidst a battle (the Battle of the Pelennor Fields from The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King film), and shouting, "Stop this war. Three CDs were released with Mel Gibson's co-operation: the film soundtrack comprising of John Debney's original orchestral score; Songs Inspired By The Film which contained original collaborations from the likes of Scott Stapp and P.O.D.; and finally the similarly-titled Songs Inspired By The Passion of the Christ. The 2004 Academy Awards opened with a satirical short film in which the host, Billy Crystal, re-enacted the most memorable scenes of 2003. Neither of those things happened, and to this day there is no word or rumor that Gibson will fulfill what many have predicted he would. Michael Moore asked the same question in Fahrenheit 9/11, except the responses he chose to air were "no".

The film was presented on DVD with absolutely no special features, leaving many to wonder whether Gibson intended to "double-dip," so to speak, by releasing a special edition that Christmas or the following Easter. In an episode of the television show Arrested Development, 'The One Where Michael Leaves', an unnamed obese documentary film maker (revealed in a subsequent episode, 'Out on a Limb', to have been a Michael Moore impersonator doing a bit for Jimmy Kimmel Live) approaches Lucile asking if she would enlist her son in the military. It sold millions on its first day. [27]. Fox Home Entertainment distributed the release of the film on DVD on August 31, 2004. They opined that this created the false impression that Stone (and his colleague Trey Parker, who together are popular largely through being the creators of South Park) created the animation, which he saw as "retarded." Stone later states that he does not "really hate the guy". Additionally, many scenes and dramatic events are symbolic by nature, serving as groundwork, or support, for the storyline, and reflect events found elsewhere in the Christian scriptures or in the Catholic tradition. The animation starts more than ten minutes after Stone’s interview—in-between them Moore interviews Marilyn Manson and a short commercial for a metal detector is shown).

A significant number of scenes and details in the movie are ideas from traditional passion plays and Anne Catherine Emmerich's book The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ [10]. One of the makers of the film, Matt Stone, a fellow Michigan resident, later stated that this representation was in response to Moore's placement of a South Park-style animation after an interview with Stone in Moore's film Bowling for Columbine (the animation, in fact, does not take place directly after Stone's interview. Passion has been criticized by some Protestant Christian spokesmen for departing from New Testament storylines. He is later described as a 'giant socialist weasel'. Gibson said in his interview with Diane Sawyer:. In the 2004 satire film Team America: World Police, a marionette representation of Moore surfaces as a suicide bomber who blows up Team America's headquarters inside Mount Rushmore. David Ansen, a critic from Newsweek, calling the film "relentlessly savage" and a "movie no child can, or should, see", said:. When the host, Steve Martin, returned to the stage after Moore's speech, he joked: "It was so sweet backstage, the Teamsters are helping Michael Moore into the trunk of his limo." [26].

Roger Ebert, who awarded the movie four stars out of four, said in his review:. In commentary included on the DVD for Columbine, Moore indicated that the majority of the audience were cheering for him, prompting one or two boos from audience members, and that further booing was actually Moore's supporters responding to the one or two detractors who had become vocal in the audience. Several critics were troubled by the level of graphic violence in the film, and especially cautioned parents to avoid bringing their children — an unusual worry in a religious film. Moore repeated the part of his speech that had been cut short due to the orchestra starting to play music and his microphone being turned off, and gave the reason "I'm an American" in defense of his choice of acceptance speech. [9] Supporters of Gibson’s interpretation of the Passion claimed that the Pope allegedly remarked to his good friend, Monsignor Stanisław Dziwisz, "It is as it was." Dziwisz denied that this ever happened, but it was reported widely that the Pope had, indeed, said those words. In a backstage interview with Moore afterwards, he stated that the majority of the audience was cheering. CNN reported that Pope John Paul II had a private viewing of the film shortly before its release. The televised speech was met with a mixture of boos and applause from the audience.

[8]. Bush having started the 2003 invasion of Iraq:. For this reason, various Jewish groups requested that this be removed from the film; however, the Aramaic dialogue is still audible; only the [[subtitle] was removed. When Moore accepted the Oscar for Bowling for Columbine, he created a stir when he took the opportunity to state his point of view on President George W. Another controversy concerns the line "His blood [is] on us and on our children!" (Matthew 27:25[7]]), which has been historically interpreted by some anti-Semites as a curse on the Jewish people. Bowling for Columbine won the Oscar for Best Documentary as well as the first unanimous Grand Jury Prize at the Cannes, and Fahrenheit 9/11 won the People's Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture (an unprecedented honor for a documentary film), as well as the Palme d'Or Best Picture at the Cannes Film Festival. However, others argue that the Church did not explicitly repudiate the deicide charge and anti-Semitism until the Second Vatican Council in 1965, and note that Gibson's father has spoken out against Vatican II, and that he has never spoken against his father's statements in the past (though he has not spoken out for them, either). His films Bowling for Columbine and Fahrenheit 9/11 debuted as the highest-grossing feature-length non-music nonfiction films of all time, the latter making over $120 million.

This guilt seems more enormous in us than in the Jews, since according to the testimony of the same Apostle: If they had known it, they would never have crucified the Lord of glory; while we, on the contrary, professing to know Him, yet denying Him by our actions, seem in some sort to lay violent hands on Him.. Despite the controversy surrounding Moore and his work, he has had great critical and financial success as a filmmaker and writer. In this guilt [for the Crucifixion] are involved all those who fall frequently into sin; for, as our sins consigned Christ the Lord to the death of the Cross, most certainly those who wallow in sin and iniquity crucify to themselves again the Son of God, as far as in them lies, and make a mockery of Him. These critics, such as in Hardy and Clarke's book as well as Peter Schweizer's, note that Davison, his childhood neighborhood, is a middle class community with better employment rates and higher incomes as opposed to the lower class status of larger Flint.[23] [24] However, those who reject this criticism note Moore's inconsistency in discussing his hometown, noting that he spoke of growing up in Davison in the Flint Voice in 1982, as well as point out Davison's proximity[25], as Davison is a suburb within 10 miles of Flint. As expressed in the 1570 Catholic handbook Catechism of the Council of Trent:. Critics also note that he identifies himself as being from Flint, using Flint in his handle and signing e-mails as "The Man from Flint" [21] and mentioning it in the introductions he has written for books.[22]. Some argue that the idea of universal culpability of the death of Jesus Christ is one of the principal underlying doctrines of Christianity, and has been fundamental to Catholic teaching since the 1st century. [19] [20].

However there two problems with Gibson's statement:. Given Moore's frequent suggestion that rich people should be taxed at a higher rate, critics, including websites like MooreWatch, have accused him of hypocrisy for doing this. Some were also skeptical of Gibson's intentions because of his ambiguous statements regarding the Holocaust and his father's allged denial of it.[5] [6]. Although the reason for him doing this has never been identified, it is a quite common method of reducing property taxes. So that, really, anyone who transgresses has to look at their own part or look at their own culpability.” This only added to the controversy, though Gibson tried to avoid it by filming his own hands driving the nails into the cross. In 2004, Moore transferred the deeds of his New York City home to a private corporation that was formed specifically for this purpose. But when you look at the reasons Christ came, he was crucified — he died for all mankind and he suffered for all mankind. Anybody who knows me knows that, you know - who's gonna believe that? Just crazy people are going to believe it - crazy people who tune-in to the Fox News Channel." [17] [18].

I want to be as truthful as possible. I know it's not true - I mean, I've never owned a share of stock in my life. I think it’s meant to just tell the truth. Moore stated on C-SPAN, "Michael Moore own Halliburton stock? See, that's like a great comedy line. When asked himself whether or not his movie would be offensive to Jews today, Gibson replied, “It’s not meant to. In the Peter Schweizer book Do As I Say (Not As I Do): Profiles in Liberal Hypocrisy, Schweizer includes a tax return of Moore's showing that Moore and his wife are in control of a variety of stocks, among them such companies as Halliburton. Supporters also point to the many positive portrayals of Jews in the film, such as Simon (who helps Jesus carry the cross), Mary Magdelene, Mary, Peter, Veronica (the woman who gives the cloth to Jesus), and of course Jesus himself. [16].

Some Orthodox Jews, such as Rabbi Daniel Lapin and Michael Medved disagree that the movie was anti-semitic and have spoken out in support of it. Their allegation is that he primarily includes interviews and speeches that are heavily edited to create a negative image of the subject being portrayed and present misleading or false facts. For example, a scene where Jews cruelly push Jesus off of a bridge is in Emmerich's work, but not in the Gospels. Hardy and Jason Clarke criticize Moore for, they allege, being untruthful in his film productions, especially with respect to Bowling for Columbine (the book's release predated Fahrenheit 9/11). The filmmakers defend that this depiction reflects the spirit and letter of the Christian New Testament Scriptures, though others disagree with that characterization. In their book Michael Moore Is a Big Fat Stupid White Man, David T. The Jewish community was concerned with the charge of deicide, which was the cause of many pogroms in history, and a number of other issues:. Bush?".

Several fundamentalist Protestant groups have criticized the film for its Catholic and ecumenical overtones. Get it, Mr. Some Jewish groups have expressed concern that the film blames the death of Jesus on the Jews as a group, which, they have said, could fan anti-Semitism. They are the REVOLUTION, the Minutemen, and their numbers will grow — and they will win. This movie is considered controversial by some Jewish and Christian groups. In a memo released on his personal website, Moore said "The Iraqis who have risen up against the occupation are not 'insurgents' or 'terrorists' or 'The Enemy'. (Emmerich received beatification in 2004, though her visions were not considered as material for the process, since they were written down by another, who appears to have elaborated on them.) Details beyond primary textual sources are to be expected in dramatizations of historical events, but the trend and tenor of non-source material can assist in understanding the general tendencies of the creators. A recent controversy surrounds Michael Moore's public comments about the Iraq insurgency and terrorists.

For Catholics, the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich are not considered part of the oral Apostolic Tradition and therefore Roman Catholics are not compelled to accept them as true lest they be outside the faith. These same critics have pointed out that, at a time when the people of the United States, including both major political parties, were coming together following the attacks, Moore was still focused on the electoral politics of 2000. Most of these details have been taken from Roman Catholic Tradition and the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, who vividly described Jesus’ Passion in the book The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ according to the Meditations of Anne Catherine Emmerich (Sulzbach, 1833). If someone did this to get back at Bush, then they did so by killing thousands of people who DID NOT VOTE for him! Boston, New York, DC, and the planes' destination of California — these were places that voted AGAINST Bush!" This has been interpreted by some critics as Moore implying that an attack against areas that had voted for Bush would have been justifiable. (Where possible, the source of these details is indicated in parentheses after the entry.). They did not deserve to die. $25 million, financed entirely by Gibson. This just is not right.

The film was shot at Rome’s Cinecitta Studios and various locations in Italy, much of it in Matera, on a budget of U.S. On September 12th, 2001, the day after the September 11th terrorist attacks against New York City and Washington, DC, Michael Moore posted a message on his website that included the passage (since redacted from the message on the site): "Many families have been devastated tonight. Crew:. The conservative evangelical Christian group Focus on the Family urged a letter writing campaign directed at Michael Moore and published his home address in a July 2004 newsletter. Cast:. The caustic tone of these criticisms quickly drew counter-criticisms from OpEdNews.com articles like Deception; Desperate Right Wing Attacks on Fahrenheit 9/11 and How Many Lies Can Christopher Hitchens Tell? as well as an eFilmCritic article Defending Truth: Slate's Chris Hitchens does a hatchet job on Michael Moore and a Columbus Free Press editorial. Australian photographer Ken Duncan was invited by Mel Gibson to be present during filming and offers limited edition prints [3] and a book full of photography shot on location. Dave Kopel has compiled a list of alleged deceits in Fahrenheit 9/11, and Slate.com's Christopher Hitchens compiled a similar list.

to undergo several hours of application of the appliances that would make it look like he had been viciously flayed. Moore's style has also come under fire from those who claim that when making his films, he unfairly edits and re-sequences events in order to twist or misrepresent the words of his targets or interviewees. The complex full-body makeup required the actor to be awake at 2 a.m. The feature-length essayed form was pioneered by Nick Broomfield and was adopted by documentarians such as Louis Theroux, who himself worked with Moore on Michael Moore's TV Nation. During the scourging scene, Caviezel was actually whipped twice and still bears scars. This is a potential criticism from more traditionalist documentary makers, who prefer a more observational style in which the filmmaker remains hidden behind the camera. He separated his shoulder while filming a scene in which Jesus falls and the cross lands on his back. Moore's documentary style is an involved, essayed form, as much about Moore himself and his opinion as they are about the subject at the heart of the film.

Caviezel suffered numerous injuries and ailments during the production, including pneumonia. These include the films Michael Moore Hates America, Celsius 41.11, and FahrenHYPE 9/11. Jim Caviezel, the American actor playing Jesus, is, like Mel Gibson, a devout Catholic. With Moore's success, there have been some works criticising his books and films. There was a traditional Catholic priest on set during the entire filming, and sources state that there were a number of non-Christians in the cast and crew who converted to Christianity. [15]. [You] gotta leave it alone.” Many critics saw this as a missed opportunity for Mel Gibson; Gibson's supporters contend that Sawyer was asking a loaded question and got the response she wanted. Two weeks later, after her opinion piece was adopted by the right-wing, Yasmin wrote another piece saying that although she objected to Moore's "crass remarks", she supported his stance on guns and the Iraq war.

gotta leave it alone, Diane. [14]. I love him.. Writing in The Independent she said she was enraged when Moore said, during an appearance on stage in London, that the plane passengers on 9/11 were "scaredy-cats" because they were mostly white; that if there had been more black people on the flights they would have "crushed" the hijackers. One called Hutton Gibson “an old man with strange views.” Even ABC’s newsanchor Diane Sawyer was sternly rebuked by Mel Gibson during the airing of a special about The Passion of the Christ when she brought up some of Hutton Gibson’s statements, ostensibly to give Mel the opportunity to say "I don't agree with my father on that." Instead, he said “He’s my father.. On 6 January 2003, Yasmin Alibhai-Brown criticized Moore for perpetuating stereotypes of black people. Friends close to both Gibsons say that although Mel Gibson loves his father dearly and abides by the biblical dictum "honor thy father and mother," they disagree on a number of subjects. However, Moore's supporters have described these attacks as hypocritical, pointing out that public figures of Moore's stature (including many of his critics) are often paid much higher honoraria by sponsors for their appearances and very few of them are on record as having donated the money to the causes they support [13].

The elder Gibson is extremely outspoken against the post-Vatican II Roman Catholic Church, even writing a scathing criticism of the late Pope John Paul II (Karol Józef Wojtyła,) whom the elder Gibson called "Garrulous Karolus the Qur'an Kisser." Hutton Gibson even labeled the Second Vatican Council a Masonic plot launched by the Jews to take over the Roman Catholic Church. Moore has been criticized by some conservatives for the public speaking fees he receives. But, arguably, the strongest criticism directed at Mel Gibson was due to his refusal to denounce the views of his father, Hutton Gibson, who espouses doubts concerning the number of Jews killed during the Holocaust. Moore responded, saying Fahrenheit 451 is the temperature at which paper catches fire but that Fahrenheit 9/11 is the temperature at which freedom burns. Many critics contend that the habits worn by Maia Morgenstern and Monica Bellucci, who portrayed Mary Magdalene in the film are similar to the habits worn by Augustinian nuns, and were a tribute to Emmerich. Ray Bradbury has also complained about Moore's adaptation of his Fahrenheit 451 title without permission [12], calling him a "screwed asshole." However, such permission is not legally required and Bradbury himself is the author of several books whose titles are taken from works by other writers. Dictated to a writer by a sickly, stigmatic, and virtually illiterate German Augustinian nun named Anne Catherine Emmerich (1774–1824,) the book chronicled Emmerich's visions of Christ’s Passion, which sometimes depicted the Jews as even more vicious and bloodthirsty than the oppressive Romans who ruled Judaea at the time. [11].

Arguably, the most controversial of those was "The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ". Moore denied that this was done in the film, but is said to have slightly corrected the text for the DVD release. Gibson intended the movie to be faithful to the New Testament, but did use elements culled from extra-biblical sources to flesh out the screenplay. In Bowling for Columbine, on-screen text was allegedly altered in a Bush-Quayle campaign ad, and footage edited into it from a non-campaign ad, in order to make it seem racist. In an interview filmed for the PAX documentary about the making of the film, Morgenstern said that she had read the script with her father and they both found it "beautiful, very poetic, and very philosophical.". Similar allegations of deceptive editing, staging or scripting scenes, or altering the original intent of the speaker in the video have also been made by critics about Moore's film Bowling for Columbine [10]. However, Jewish Romanian actress Maia Morgenstern (who played Mary), who is the daughter of a Holocaust survivor, rejects these criticisms. Moore set up a rebuttal "war room" [8] to support the content in Fahrenheit 9/11 and counter criticisms [9].

The film was seen by many critics to be nothing less than a modern-day Passion play that propagates the Jews' guilt of deicide. government. In addition to the attacks of anti-Semitism from many Jews and liberal Christians, Gibson’s traditionalist Catholic beliefs were also a frequent target by critics. While it gathered generally favorable reviews from movie critics [7] and many awards, some opponents described the film as a deceptive and inaccurate portrayal of the U.S. Icon Films distributed it in the United Kingdom. Moore's body of work has attracted a great deal of criticism and praise, especially after the release of his film Fahrenheit 9/11 in 2004. In Canada, Equinox Films was the distributor. With the 2004 election over, Moore continues to collect information on the War in Iraq and the Bush administration.

In fact, the film was completed before a distributor, Newmarket Films, agreed to release it in the U.S. The event was chronicled in the documentary film This Divided State.. Because of the subject, the graphic violence in the film, and, most of all, because the actors in the film spoke Aramaic, Gibson reportedly had difficulty finding a company to distribute it in the United States. Death threats, bribes and lawsuits followed. In addition to directing, Gibson co-produced and co-wrote the screenplay with Benedict Fitzgerald. A fight for his right to speak ensued and resulted in massive public debates and a media blitz. Mel Gibson played many crucial roles in getting The Passion of the Christ made, and it has been called “Mel’s labor of love.” Gibson personally committed an estimated $40m to $50m of his own resources to finance and advertise the film. Quite possibly the most controversial stop during the tour was Utah Valley State College in Orem, Utah.

. John Kerry eventually won the state of Michigan by 3%. Similarly, critics rate it a B− [2], but users of Yahoo! rate it a B+. Nonetheless, the generally increased turnout in the election ensured that the percentage of youth voting was little different than in 2000, albeit at a higher numerical level. According to the website RottenTomatoes.com only 51% of critics praised the film but 76% of users loved it [1]. Large numbers of young adults registered to vote, and by a strong percentage voted for John Kerry (Kerry 54%, Bush 44%). Critics were polarized over the film. The "Underwear" tour was a popular success.

Others simply passed on The Passion Recut because the original version was already available on DVD and VHS. This provoked public denunciations from the Michigan Republican Party and attempts to convince the government that Moore should be arrested for buying votes, but since Moore did not tell the 'slackers' involved whom to vote for, just to vote, district attorneys refused to get involved. Even edited, the Motion Picture Association of America still deemed the film too violent to give a PG-13 rating, so Gibson released it without a rating, which limited it due to policies of some chains and independent theaters to not show unrated films. The tour gave away ramen and underwear to people who promised to vote. However, this version was not terribly successful (just 950 theaters in North America, averaging just 10 viewers per showing,) and was quickly pulled from theaters. During September and October 2004, Moore spoke at universities and colleges in swing states during his "Slacker Uprising Tour". Mel Gibson removed approximately five minutes of the most graphic footage in an effort to broaden the audience of the film. Moore wrote a daily column chronicling his impressions of the convention in USA Today.

An edited version of the film was released on March 11, 2005 as The Passion Recut. Moore also attended the 2004 Republican National Convention, where he was criticized (and promptly booed by the audience) in a speech by Senator John McCain as "a disingenuous film-maker". It is also one of the few movies to lose and then regain the #1 box-office ranking (it regained the top spot, as expected, on the 2004 Easter Weekend). Moore was a high-profile guest at the 2004 Democratic National Convention, prominently seated in a box with former President Jimmy Carter and his wife. Taking $370m in the U.S., it became the highest-grossing R-rated film ever made, and had, for a time, the eighth highest all-time domestic gross (it has since dropped to tenth place). Also, during an October 27 stop in Portland, OR, Moore called the private phone number of radio host Lars Larson, given to him by a member of the audience. After months of interest and controversy (primarily over alleged anti-Semitism and the film's heavy gore) that led to record pre-release sales, the movie opened in the United States on February 25 (Ash Wednesday, the beginning of Lent), 2004. Bush military service controversy).

It was filmed on location in Matera, Italy and Cinecittà Studios, Rome, Italy. Moore drew attention when charging publicly that Bush was AWOL during his service in the National Guard (see George W. The movie was released with subtitles. (Moore joined Bill Maher on the latter's television show in kneeling before Nader to plead with him to stay out of the race.) Although Moore has claimed he is not a Democrat (although he registered as a Democrat in 1992 [6]), on January 14, Moore endorsed General Wesley Clark for the Democratic nomination. The film’s dialogue is in Latin, Hebrew, and Aramaic, which was Jesus' mother tongue. In the 2004 election, Moore changed his mind about Nader and urged him not to run, so as not to split the liberal vote and permit George Bush to be re-elected. It is directed by Mel Gibson. He has said in an interview that his intention was to run for president of the organization and dismantle it after winning.

The Passion of the Christ (2004) is a film about the last twelve hours of the life of Jesus Christ. Moore became a lifetime member of the National Rifle Association after the Columbine High School Massacre. Jesus' execution was done in haste (Mk.15:25; Jn 19:31). In exchange for jumping in the show's "traveling mosh pit," Republican Alan Keyes won the endorsement of Moore's television series The Awful Truth in 2000, although Moore does not endorse Keyes' views. 23:48) of Jews are sorrowful about Jesus' crucifixion. He left Nader's employment on bad terms, but Moore vociferously supported Nader's campaign for the United States presidency in 2000. 23:27) and all the multitudes (Lk. After Moore's departure from Mother Jones, he became an employee of Ralph Nader.

A great multitude of the people (Lk. Moore has authored three best-selling books:. 19:1-8 ff.). He also directed the music videos for System of a Down's "Boom!" and "All the Way to Reno" from R.E.M.. 15:15, as against Jn. [5]. Jesus was scourged as part of the Roman crucifixion procedure once Pilate ordered his execution (Mk. He was threatened with arrest during the shooting of "Sleep Now in the Fire", which was filmed on Wall Street; the city of New York had denied the band permission to play there, even though the band and Moore had secured a federal permit to perform.

Pilate was known to use violence to enforce Roman rule (Lk 13:1). Moore has directed several music videos, including two for Rage Against the Machine for songs from "The Battle of Los Angeles": "Sleep Now in the Fire" and "Testify". Jesus is questioned by Annas and Caiaphas about his disciples and his teaching and then taken to Pilate (Jn.18:19, 24, 28) [No Sanhedrin trial or question of Jesus' divinity]. Hefner First Amendment Award in Arts and Entertainment, for being the executive producer and host of The Awful Truth, where he was also described as "muckraker, author and documentary filmmaker.". 18:3). In 1999 Moore won the Hugh M. Jesus is arrested by Temple guards and Roman soldiers (Jn. The show was performed around midday local time, which due to the time difference made it a late-night show in the UK.

the opposite of the film's claim he could lead a revolt.]. This show had a similar format to The Awful Truth but also incorporated phone-ins and a live stunt each week. [N.B. Another 1999 series, Michael Moore Live was aired in the UK only on Channel 4, though it was broadcast from New York. 11:48). It aired in 1999 and 2000. Caiaphas fears that a riot could provoke the Romans to destroy the Temple (Jn. His other series was The Awful Truth, which satirized actions by big corporations and politicians.

14:2). The series was aired on NBC in 1994 for 9 episodes and again for 8 episodes on FOX in 1995. Because Jesus is popular with the people at large, he is arrested clandestinely at night to avoid a riot (Mk. Between 1994 and 1995 he directed and hosted the television series TV Nation, which followed the format of news magazine shows but covered topics they avoid. However, historians hold that Pilate was known for his rough treatment of Jews in general, and was responsible for crucifying hundreds of Jews during his reign. Moore expects to complete Fahrenheit 9/11½ in 2006 or 2007. Pontius Pilate is portrayed as a thoughtful, temperate man who ultimately agrees to crucify Jesus because he does not want to risk a Jewish rebellion on the one hand, and a Christian rebellion on the other. We're communicators, and it's up to us to start doing it now."[4] The sequel, like the original, will concern the war in Iraq and terrorism.

The High Priest is shown as if he a were a member in good-standing of the Jewish community; historians note that the High Priest at the time was in the service of the Roman government, having been appointed by the Roman-client King Herod. They weren't told the truth. However this is also true of the Roman soldiers. He said, "Fifty-one percent of the American people lacked information [in this election], and we want to educate and enlighten them. Many Jews who do not follow Jesus, such as the High Priest, Caiaphas, are portrayed as physically ugly, perhaps drawing on stock anti-Semitic stereotypes of Jews. Fahrenheit 9/11½ (pre-production): On November 11, 2004 Moore told the Hollywood trade publication Daily Variety that he is also planning a sequel to Fahrenheit 9/11. In general, the people are too clean, and have too many teeth. [2] [3].

The multilingual sign should typically have gone around his neck, etc. At least two major pharmaceutical companies, Pfizer and GlaxoSmithKline, have ordered their employees not to grant any interviews to Moore. Jesus should have carried only the crossbeam, not the entire cross (as the vertical part would have remained permanently in place, ready for future victims). Sicko (filming): Moore is currently working on a film about the American healthcare system from the viewpoint of mental healthcare, focusing particularly on the managed-care and pharmaceutical industries, under the working title Sicko. The nails should have pierced his wrists or entered at an angle through the crevice in the palm next to the thumb and extending through the bones of the wrist, which the Greek diction of the Gospels allows. The title of the film alludes to the classic book Fahrenheit 451 (about a future totalitarian state in which books are banned; paper begins to burn at 451 degrees Fahrenheit) and the pre-release subtitle of the film confirms the allusion: "The temperature at which freedom burns." At the box office, Fahrenheit 9/11 remains by far the highest-grossing documentary of all time, taking in close to $200 million worldwide, including domestic box office revenue of $120 million. Various modern scholars would claim Jesus should have been entirely naked, as described in the Gospel of John (19:23-24), where the undergarment remains and the soldiers, unable to divide a single article of clothing, cast lots for it. Moore also said he wanted to be supportive of his "teammates in non-fiction film." However, Fahrenheit received no Oscar nomination for Best Picture.

Many details of the crucifixion fail to incorporate the last century's worth of research. Since November 2 was less than nine months after the film's release, it would be disqualified for the Documentary Oscar. Jesus' route follows the Fourteen Stations of the Cross of Catholic tradition, despite the fact that some claim that many of them are not historical. He stated he wanted the movie to be seen by a few million more people, preferably on television, by election day. Pilate and Jews had had several fierce disagreements, and Jewish authorities had also complained of Pilate to Tiberius in Rome. Moore later announced that Fahrenheit 9/11 would not be in consideration for the 2005 Academy Award for Documentary Feature, but instead for the Academy Award for Best Picture. There are no direct facts supporting the view, but however the depiction is not unrealistic. Fahrenheit was awarded the Palme d'Or, the top honor at the Cannes Film Festival; it was the first documentary film to win the prize since 1956.

Pilate is depicted not only as sympathetic to Jesus (as the gospels maintain) but as fearing the reaction of Rome, should complaints of brutality reach the capital. Bush and Osama bin Laden. However, the conversation is started in Aramaic by Pilate, while the switch to Latin is made by Jesus. Fahrenheit 9/11: Fahrenheit 9/11 examines America in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, particularly the record of the Bush administration and alleged links between the families of George W. A more likely common language would have been the Hellenistic Greek (or Koine=common) spoken somewhat widely around the Mediterranean, and in the remnant of a former Greek empire. It was praised by most critics for illuminating a subject slighted by the mainstream media, but it was attacked by some opponents who claim it is inaccurate and misleading in its presentations and suggested interpretations of events. Some Jews, under Roman occupation, would have been able to converse to some extent in Latin. It also enjoyed great commercial and critical success for a film of its type and became, at the time, the highest-grossing mainstream-released documentary (a record now held by Moore's Fahrenheit 9/11).

This is historically unlikely, although not impossible. In the United States, it won the 2002 Academy Award for Documentary Feature. In the film, Jesus and Pilate converse in Latin. Bowling for Columbine won the Anniversary Prize at the Cannes Film Festival and France's Cesar Award as the Best Foreign Film. In any case, his workshop is tidier than real-life establishments of this nature tend to be. Bowling for Columbine: Moore's 2002 film Bowling for Columbine, probes the culture of guns and violence in the States. Whether he actually was a carpenter (and if so, what kind, and for what employers) is a point of current discussion among historians. Among others, he targeted Nike for outsourcing shoe production to Indonesia.

Jesus is shown working as a carpenter, specifically as an independent craftsman (making tables). The Big One: In 1997, Moore directed The Big One, which documents the tour publicizing his book Downsize This! Random Threats from an Unarmed American, where he criticized mass layoffs despite record corporate profits. (John 20:25-27). The film was one of the last featuring Canadian-born actor John Candy. This detail is not present in the Bible — it only tells of the arrival of the women at the tomb, where Jesus is nowhere to be found, though it can be assumed from the later Resurrection appearances where Jesus is described as having `the mark of the nails in his hands`. Canadian Bacon: In 1995, Moore released a satirical film, Canadian Bacon, which featured a fictional US president (played by Alan Alda) engineering a fake war with Canada in order to boost his popularity. The final scene of the movie shows Jesus leaving the tomb after the Resurrection. The influence of Rafferty, who co-directed the 1982 cult classic documentary film The Atomic Café, can be seen in Moore's satirical use of archival footage taken from vintage B-movies, television commercials, and newsreels that has since become a hallmark of his documentaries.

In the Gospels it is only reported that the curtain at the Holy of Holies was split. Bush. The earthquake described by Matthew causes a huge fissure to split the Temple down the center. Moore was largely taught the craft of filmmaking by his cinematographer Kevin Rafferty, who is ironically also a first cousin of President George W. James 1:15 "Then, after desire has conceived, it gives birth to sin; and sin, when it is full-grown, gives birth to death.". The documentary was an extremely ambitious undertaking for someone who had never attended film school or worked in any capacity in the movie industry. Cf. Smith, former CEO and president of General Motors.

Yet another interpretation holds that the baby is representative of original sin (the curse Jesus came to remove by his sacrifice). "Roger" is Roger B. It is weird, it is shocking, it’s almost too much–just like turning Jesus over to continue scourging him on his chest is shocking and almost too much, which is the exact moment when this appearance of the Devil and the baby takes place.” Another interpretation held by some viewers was that the baby was actually the Antichrist, symbolically being nurtured on the hatred of Jesus by the crowds. Since then Moore has been known as a critic of the neoliberal view of globalization. Instead of a normal mother and child you have an androgynous figure holding a 40-year-old ‘baby’ with hair on his back. Roger & Me: Moore first became famous for his controversial 1989 film Roger & Me, a documentary about what happened to Flint, Michigan, after General Motors closed its factories and opened new ones in Mexico, where the workers were paid much less. What is more tender and beautiful than a mother and a child? So the Devil takes that and distorts it just a little bit. He also dabbled in acting, following a supporting role as a perverted man-child who agrees to be part of the scheme concocted by John Travolta and Lisa Kudrow in Lucky Numbers (2000).

No mention of this is in the Gospels, and Mel Gibson is reported to have said “it’s evil distorting what’s good. Moore and his family live in a $1 million apartment in New York City. The devil is shown carrying an “Ugly Baby” during Christ’s flogging. Since 1990, Moore has been married to producer Kathleen Glynn (born April 10, 1958 in Flint), with whom he has one daughter, Natalie (born 1981). In the film Jesus builds a table in a rather modern style — one that one would sit at using chairs, but his mother tells him that “it’ll never catch on.”. Some of this money provided partial funding for his first film project, Roger and Me. The crucified criminal who mocked Jesus was shown being pecked at mercilessly by a raven. But he finally accepted a settlement of $58,000--the amount of anticipated trial costs--from the magazine's insurance company.

Emmerich, chapter 43, and the apocryphal Acts of Pilate, also known as the Gospel of Nicodemus.). [1] Moore later sued for wrongful dismissal, seeking $2 million. (Cf. In 2003, the Star-Ledger printed an opinion piece by Paul Mulshine where he quoted Paul Berman who stated that Moore had been fired, following a series of clashes with people on the magazine's staff, which included a dispute over Moore's refusal to publish an article by Berman that was mildly critical of the Sandinistas' human rights record, a piece the magazine, before Moore's arrival, had commissioned. The names assigned to the thieves crucified with Christ, Dismas and Gesmas (also Gestas), are traditional but are not given in Scripture. In 1986, when Moore became the editor of Mother Jones, a liberal political magazine, he moved to California and the Voice was shut down. (Reportedly a mistake in the filming that Gibson decided “looked good”.). After dropping out of University of Michigan-Flint (where he was majoring in fictional influences in literature and wrote for the student newspaper entitled The Michigan Times), at 22 he founded the alternative weekly magazine The Flint Voice (which soon changed its name to The Michigan Voice).

When they are flipped face-down, Jesus and the cross seem to levitate above the ground, and when flipped back-down, both land with high impact on the ground. For his Eagle Project, he filmed a documentary pointing out various safety hazards and issues within his community. After Jesus is nailed to the cross but before it has been raised, Roman soldiers flip the cross and Jesus over. Michael Moore is also an Eagle Scout, which is the highest rank awarded by the Boy Scouts in the United States, and an achievement of which he is still very proud. (Emmerich chapter 38.). By the end of his term both had resigned. When Jesus’ right arm does not extend far enough to reach a nail hole on the cross, a Roman soldier dislocates the arm at the shoulder by pulling it with a rope until the palm is over the hole. That same year, he ran for and won a seat on the Davison school board on a platform based on firing the high school's principal, John B McKenna, and vice principal, Kanje Cohen.

(Emmerich describes seven falls and also the encounter with Mary, chapters 31–36.). He then attended Davison High School, where he was active in both drama and debate, graduating in 1972. Though these events are traditionally accepted in the Roman Catholic Church as part of the Stations of the Cross, they are never mentioned in the Gospels; however, Simon of Cyrene was compelled to complete the task of carrying Jesus' cross (which is mentioned in the Gospels). Moore, an Irish American, was brought up a Roman Catholic and attended a Diocesan seminary at age 14. Also, Mary goes to Jesus so that she may comfort him. His uncle was one of the founders of the United Automobile Workers labor union and was part of the famous Flint Sit-Down Strike. While travelling along the Via Dolorosa, Jesus falls under the weight of the cross three times. At the time, Flint was home to many General Motors factories, where his mother was a secretary, and both his father and grandfather were employed.

(Emmerich, chapter 34, which also includes her offering Jesus a drink.). Michael Moore was born in Flint, Michigan, and grew up in a suburb called Davison. This event does not appear in any Bible narrative, but is a depiction of the Roman Catholic tradition of Veronica's Veil. . Along the Via Dolorosa, the image of Jesus’ face is transferred to a cloth given to him by a woman. Bush administration. Emmerich, chapter 36.). He is widely known for his outspoken, critical views of big corporations, gun violence, and his critique of the incumbent George W.

(Cf. Michael Moore (born April 23, 1954) is an American film director, author, and social commentator. Only Simon’s name, place of origin, and the fact that he helped Jesus carry the cross are in all three Synoptic Gospels. And 92 percent of us don't own a passport."[31]. Simon of Cyrene, who helps Jesus carry the cross and puts his arm around him, is debased, treated poorly by a Roman soldier, and called “Jew” with a sneer. National Geographic produced a survey which showed that 60 percent of 18-25 year olds don't know where Great Britain is on a map. Along the Via Dolorosa, Jesus is repeatedly rope whipped by a trailing Roman soldier. Our stupidity is embarrassing.

(Emmerich, chapter 23.). We don't know about anything that's happening outside our country. After the scourging, Mary wipes up the blood of Jesus with towels provided by Pilate’s wife. We Americans suffer from an enforced ignorance. The Gospels state only that he was scourged (see flagellation), though they do state that Christ was "almost unrecognizable" after that day. in thrall to conniving, thieving, smug pricks. During the scourging scene Jesus is nearly flayed alive, back and front, by a variety of whip implements, some with embedded shells, glass and nails. Describing Americans to the Daily Mirror, "They are possibly the dumbest people on the planet..

The gospel of Matthew only mentions a message from Pilate’s wife delivered while Pilate is hearing the case.). When asked what he thought about when he was called a traitor, he responded, “I’m an Eagle Scout and I’m overweight.” [30]. Emmerich, chapter 19. You weren't threatened; I wasn't being threatened, and that's the only time, because ultimately if it was your child…would you give up your child to secure Fallujah?"
— On the television program Late Night with Conan O'Brien, June 25, 2004. (Cf. I think most Americans — I just saw the latest poll today — 54% now believe that [invading Iraq] wasn't the wisest thing to do — it wasn't certainly in self-defense. Pilate is shown discussing with his wife the fragility of his relationship with Tiberius Caesar, emphasizing orders Caesar gave him to avoid uprisings in Judea. And the agreement that they make with us is that we never send them into harm's way unless it is absolutely necessary.

It has been a matter of contention between some traditionalists and other parties both inside and outside the Church. "Our young people who go off to war and who join the service, we need to honor them because they're willing to risk their lives to protect us, to defend us, so we can have this way of life. The identification of Mary Magdalene with the adulterous woman is not explicit in the text, nor is not official Catholic dogma. The Awful Truth (1999). Mary Magdalene is shown as “the woman taken in adultery” saved from execution by Jesus’ famous “let him who is without sin cast the first stone” statement. TV Nation (1994). Although this was a common caricature of Herod in medieval Passion plays and even in Jesus Christ Superstar, it does not appear in the Gospels and is contrary to the historical record regarding Antipas. Fahrenheit 9/11½ (projected for 2007).

Herod Antipas is portrayed as a mincing, lisping, effeminate homosexual, complete with a “boy-toy”. Sicko (projected for 2006). (Emmerich, chapter 17.). Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004) "Palme d'Or" in Cannes. When Jesus is first brought before Pontius Pilate, Pilate beholds his bloody, bruised condition and asks members of the Sanhedrin (the high council of the Jewish temple in Jerusalem) if they always beat prisoners prior to trial. Bowling for Columbine (2002). (Emmerich mentions a similar event in chapter 13.). Lucky Numbers (2000).

The movie depicts some Jews as opposing the absence of the Sanhedrin’s quorum, thereby challenging the legality of the trial and intimating that Jesus was not being treated fairly by Jewish leadership. And Justice for All (1998). (Emmerich reports that he “fled as if a thousand furies were at his heel” and later mentions Satan standing at his side to drive him to despair, chapter 14.) What happened here is that Judas went and hung himself and then his body later fell down and split open. The Big One (1997). Acts states that his body also fell, causing him to burst open and spill out his bowels. Canadian Bacon (1995). Matthew reports that Judas committed suicide by strangulation, presumed to be from hanging. Pets or Meat: The Return to Flint (1992) (TV).

Judas is tormented by “children” whose morphing facial features suggest they are demons, driving him to suicide. Roger & Me (1989). (Taken from Anne Catherine Emmerich, The Dolorous Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ, chapter 3.). ISBN 0743272927. A Jewish Temple guard, sent to apprehend Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane, drops him from a small bridge suspended from a chain. Simon & Schuster. This was a reference to Genesis 3:15, the Protoevangelion.[4]. The Official Fahrenheit 9/11 Reader.

In the Garden, Jesus crushes a serpent's head. Moore, Michael (2004). (In Luke 4:13, it is said that the Devil left Jesus “for a time”, and many theologians reason that Satan’s moment was in the Garden, but this encounter is not recorded in the Gospel.). ISBN 0743271521. During Jesus’ distress in the Garden of Gethsemane, Satan is shown speaking to him. Simon & Schuster. Reverend William Fulco - translated script into Latin and reconstructed Aramaic. Will They Ever Trust Us Again?.

Francesco Frigeri - production designer. Moore, Michael (2004). Caleb Deschanel - director of photography. ISBN 0446532231. Benedict Fitzgerald - co-screenwriter. Warner Books. Mel Gibson - director, co-producer, co-screenwriter. Dude, Where's My Country?.

Claudia Gerini - Claudia Procles. Moore, Michael (2003). Luca Lionello - Judas. ISBN 0060392452. Francesco DeVito - Peter. Regan Books. Hristo Jivkov - John. Stupid White Men ...and Other Sorry Excuses for the State of the Nation!.

Rosalinda Celentano - Satan. Moore, Michael (2002). Mattia Sbragia - Caiphas. ISBN 0060988096. Hristo Naumov Shopov - Pontius Pilate. Perennial. Monica Bellucci - Mary Magdalene. Adventures In A TV Nation.

Maia Morgenstern - Mary, the mother of Jesus. Moore, Michael; & Glynn, Kathleen (1998). James Caviezel - Jesus, the Christ. ISBN 0060977337. Perennial (Harper Edition). Downsize This! Random Threats from an Unarmed American.

Moore, Michael (1996). Dude, Where's My Country? (2003), an examination of the Bush family's relationships with Saudi royalty, the Bin Laden family, and the energy industry, and a call-to-action for liberals in the 2004 election. Stupid White Men (2001), a critique of American domestic and foreign policy, and. Downsize This! (1996), about politics and corporate crime in the United States,.