Paintball

Be sure to familiarize yourself with the terms used by other players beforehand. Some minor judo administrations exist, such as the BJC-MAC (British Judo Council - Martial Arts Circle). Every paintball field has its own lingo for various obstacles, bunkers, and landmarks that are unique to the site. Judo clubs can also be administered by the British Judo Council (BJC), which is popular in the north of England. "Mercy" - This is yelled by the shooter if s/he holds an upper hand on an opponent within a close range; this is done to give the enemy a chance to surrender without being shot. In Great Britain, the British Judo Association (BJA) is the largest Judo Association and the only one affiliated to the IJF. "tricked out" - A term used to describe a gun that has numerous upgrades and enhancements, oftentimes providing dubious or non-existent performance benefits. Each national organization in the US has its own promotion requirements, but they still have the same belt rank system.

The snake is a unique setup because it allows a player to advance a considerable distance while still being protected from being hit from most locations on the field. The other national organizations are USJF, United States Judo Federation, and USJA, United States Judo Association. "Snake" (n)- In hyperball, speedball, and airball a snake is a long, low structure (less then 1 meter/3 feet high) usually located either in the middle or to one or both sides of a field. One is USA Judo, which also has state organizations which host state tournaments and other judo related activities. This allows referees with sound-activated timers to monitor rate of fire during games. In the US, there are several different national organizations. In response to the popularity of ramping (and the difficulty of catching violators), some organizations have abandoned a strict semi-auto-only policy and adopted a 15 ball-per-second cap in its place. The international organization of judo is the IJF, or the International Judo Federation.

Many "ramp boards" also incorporate elaborate schemes to conceal this feature from tournament referees, including a simple "panic button" trigger press sequence to turn ramping off before a marker can be confiscated and tested, and randomized rate of fire to mask the fact that the trigger activity doesn't match the actual firing of paintballs. Judo, uniquely among combat sports, puts equal emphasis on the initial throwing and the final pinning and submitting phases of combat, ideally enabling practitioners to dominate grappling-fights from the get-go. "Ramping" (v)- A feature enabled in many aftermarket electronic marker 'mod boards' that functions as de-facto full-auto; while in ramping mode, pulling the trigger faster than a preset lower limit (typically 5 or more times a second) causes the marker to "ramp" to its maximum preset rate of fire, which can exceed 20 balls per second, or to fire as quickly as the hopper can supply balls to the breech. It should be noted that the ability to throw an opponent to his back and apply a pinning technique is of enormous importance in these kinds of competitions, as is the ability to finish off a downed opponent with strikes or a submission-move. "Maxed" (n)(v)- In tournament play, a team successfully eliminating all opposing players, losing none of their own players and successfully hanging the opponent's flag within the allotted game time is said to have "maxed" the other team (that is, they have achieved the maximum points possible in the game). Karo Parisyan, an Armenian-born judoka now fighting in the Ultimate Fighting Championship, has demonstrated the application of judo techniques to mixed martial arts in the United States. It can also be used to describe a situation in which an individual or team excercised a great advantage to defeat the other player or team. Hidehiko Yoshida, an Olympic gold medalist in 1992 and World Judo Champion in 1999, is well-known in PRIDE Fighting Championships, as is Fedor Emelianenko, PRIDE's current heavy weight champion.

It is often used to describe someone who has been marked several times. Due to their knowledge in ne-waza/grappling and tachi-waza/standing-grappling, various accomplished judo practitioners have also competed in mixed martial arts matches. "Lit up" - An expression connotating overwhelming victory. Even in the controlled environments of a match or dojo training session, injuries can easily occur due to a lapse in focus or overzealous application of a technique. These electronic laser systems help prevent chopping in markers and help markers reach higher rates of fire consistently. However, while throws executed with proper break falls on soft mats can seem light and graceful, their more practical application on a hard surface (and potentially with greater intent to harm) could be very dangerous. If a ball enters the breech, the laser will be reflected back into the eye, indicating that a ball is ready to be fired. Proponents believe this contributes to judo being underrated as a method of self-defense.

Reflective sends a laser across the breech from one eye. Without the kicking and punching so common to other martial arts, except in atemi-waza, which is taught to black belts, judo is often portrayed as friendlier than, for instance, karate. When a ball enters the breech of the marker, it breaks the laser, telling the marker that a ball is ready to be fired. A World Championship or Olympic match lasts only 5 minutes, but will leave participants exhausted. Breakbeam incorporates two eyes which send a laser across the breech to one another. Despite the literal meaning of judo being "the gentle way", competition judo is one the roughest and most demanding of sports. There are two types; breakbeam and reflective. The judges can make a decision to change the score or penalty given by the referee.

"eye/eyes/ACE" (n) - A laser detection system installed on electronic markers. All scores and penalties are given by the referee. "chop a snake" - A process in which one player will fire over the head of an opponent located behind a snake, pinning him down, while another will advance along the lengh of the snake eliminating the opponent. Penalties may be given for being inactive during the match or using illegal techniques and fighting must be stopped if a participant is outside the designated area on the mat (tatami). Many markers have special technology to prevent them from firing before a paintball has fed completely or to reduce the speed of the bolt so that it can't break a partially fed paintball. If there is no ippon or submission, the one with the highest score wins. Chops are usually caused by a marker shooting too fast for the speed at which the loader can feed it, or sometimes by misshapen paint that does not feed properly or low pressure or mechanical failure that causes the bolt to actuate more than once in quick succession. An automatic ippon is also granted when one's opponent submits (which frequently occurs when strangle holds / arm locks are used).

The force of the bolt of the marker moving forward will then cut the paintball in half inside the marker's chamber, creating a rather unpleasant mess that will prevent the marker from shooting accurately until cleaned. Pinning an opponent, with both shoulders on the mat, for 25 seconds (20 if you previously scored a waza-ari, since two half-points will complete your ippon) results in an ippon. "chop" - Sometimes a marker may fire when a paintball has only fed partially into the breech. After the throw occurs and is scored, combat may continue on the ground. Necessary because hits on hard equipment may not be noticed by the player, and hits that do not leave a mark do not count, so a player may need another person to check to see if a hit broke when it is on an area of the body the player cannot readily see. If there is no score during this period, then the decision (majority vote) of the referee and two corner judges is used. "paint check" (v) - When an official or another player inspects a player for hits. Finally, if both players have identical scores, the match is resolved by having the contestants continue fighting in a sudden death overtime called the Golden Score period where the first contestant to get any score wins.

If the teammates are looking the wrong way, or there are no teammates left, an opposing player can often run straight up to the player's bunker without the player seeing him and "bunker" the player by shooting directly over or around the side of the cover. If they are also equal in yukos, kokas break the tie. "bunker" (v) - When a player is behind a bunker, the bunker blocks that player's view of the field in front of him, forcing the player to occasionally look out from behind the bunker (and risk being hit) or rely on teammates to prevent opposing players from advancing through that area. At match end, if one player has scored a waza-ari and the other has not, the player with the waza-ari wins, but if they are equal in that regard (both with zero or one) yukos are used to break the tie. In speedball, vrtually all objects placed on an otherwise empty grass field are "bunkers", and in most modern speedball tournaments, bunkers are inflatable vinyl obstacles (like river rafts with more basic and varied shapes). Rather, they are used as tiebreakers if the match ends before an ippon is scored. In wooded play, a bunker may be a large fallen log, a collection of wood, a constucted obstacle of wood, barrels, or other material, or even a dug-out depression in the ground. Yukos and kokas are not fractional points in that they do not accumulate to equal a waza-ari or ippon-- in fact a waza-ari beats any number of yukos and a yuko beats any number of kokas.

"bunker" (n) - A non-natural obstacle on the field of play suitable for use as cover. Technically speaking, a waza-ari is a half-point, two of which will earn the match. Sometimes refered to as "Extra Love". Anything else, such as landing your opponent on the hip or shoulder, will be waza-ari (技有), yuko (有効) or koka (効果) (waza-ari being the highest of the 3, koka the lowest) or even no score. A player may receive bonus balls due to the increasingly fast rate of fire of markers in tournament play, walking through a spot another player is shooting, or occasionally by being intentionally shot by an opponent. This will score an ippon (一本), a full point that wins the match. "bonus ball" (v)- Hits a player receives after being eliminated, usually while leaving the field of play. The object in a judo match is to throw your opponent to the ground.

Paintball is ranked ahead of snowboarding by a large margin. Of course the IJF was created largely based on the earlier European Judo Union where weight classes had also been used for many years. According to the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association International's (SGMA) 2005 stats, paintball is the third most popular 'extreme sport' in the world, following skateboarding and inline skating. In 1961, Uchida represented the United States at the International Judo Federation meetings in Paris, where the IJF adopted weight classes for all future championships. Growing Popularity. In 1953, Stone and Uchida successfully petitioned the Amateur Athletic Union to accept judo as a sport, with their weight class system as an official component. Good equipment does lend a competitive edge, but it is possible to get good results with relatively inexpensive equipment, and skill trumps gear quality. In the 1940s Henry Stone and Yosh Uchida, the head coaches at Cal and SJSC, developed a weight class system for use in the frequent competitions between the schools.

Many players believe that more expensive and higher quality equipment determines how well a person plays.
Collegiate competition in the United States, especially between UC Berkeley and San Jose State, contributed towards refining judo into the sport seen at the Olympic Games and World Championships. Quality of Equipment. Over 78 Kg. Many fields forbid the use of full-auto markers, which are illegal in many countries (for example the UK). up to and including 78 Kg. Paintball fields require anyone near the field to wear a face mask, and that markers shoot at a velocity of less than 300 feet per second. Over 70 Kg.

As long as the players follow the rules, paintball is an entirely safe sport. up to and including 70 Kg. Recent statistics from various insurance companies have proven that paintball is actually safer than traditional sports, such as football. Over 63 Kg. Another common misconception of paintball is that it is dangerous. up to and including 63 Kg. Injury and Danger. Over 57 Kg.

Tournaments include aspects of traditional sports: players wear bright colors as fans watch the action behind safety netting and film crews record nearly all top competitive events for DVD or TV. up to and including 57 Kg. And "scenario" paintball games seek to re-enact historic wars and battles, not to encourage violence. Over 52 Kg. Today's markers are generally not designed to mimic firearms. up to and including 52 Kg. Paintball fields do not tolerate physical violence (contact with an opponent is usually forbidden) nor even verbal abuse. Over 48 Kg.

The paintball community generally works to dispel this image, increasing the public's exposure to paintball is seen as crucial to breaking down stereotypes. Women Up to and including 48 Kg. Additionally, paintball has been used for close combat training by both law enforcement agencies and terrorist groups. Over 100 Kg. One common misconception is that paintball simulates war and encourages violence, thanks largely to vandalism, and the small, but noticeable resemblance of markers to firearms and the donning of camouflage for woodsball. up to and including 100 Kg. War and Violence. Over 90 Kg.

Various misconceptions are held by players as well as people who have never seen a paintball marker. up to and including 90 Kg. Paintball has proved to be an extremely safe sport and its good record comes from the uncompromising emphasis on safety. Over 81 Kg. Chronographs or "Chronos" can be found from $60-250 and can greatly help the safety of everyone playing. up to and including 81 Kg. It is recommended that everyone playing outlaw games, get their guns "chronoed" or speed check before playing. Over 73 Kg.

Many players involved in outlaw games will tend to have their guns firing "hot" or above this speed. up to and including 73 Kg. The allowed speeds usually range from around 250 Feet Per Second to the highest allowed speed of 300 FPS. Over 66 Kg. This reduces the possibility of mask failure, and will leave less of an injury when you are hit. up to and including 66 Kg. Besides mandatory use of masks, fields require that markers don't fire above certain speeds. The eight divisions are: Men Up to and including 60Kg Over 60 Kg.

Do not be surprised if you are pushed down or otherwise covered by players and/or refs. Men and women compete separately (although they often train together), and there are several weight divisions. Players or refs will come running to help. Judo became an Olympic sport for men in 1964 and, with the persistence of an American woman by the name of Rusty Kanokogi and many others, a sport for women as well in 1988 (both years given were the years that Judo was a demonstration event followed by an official medal event 4 years later). If your mask falls off during a game, drop to your knees and cover your eyes with your arm or hands while yelling for assistance and/or a ceasefire repeatedly. Although a fully featured martial art, judo has also developed as a sport. A ref or another player will lead you to a safe area. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu remained rather aloof to later changes in international Judo rules which added emphasis to the standing phase of the fight, and thus remains a distinctive form of Judo to this day.

If you find your mask is covered with paint, sweat, or dirt, and you cannot see well enough to safely get off the field, stand with both hands in the air and yell (usually "Fogged!") for assistance. The terms Judo and Jiu-jitsu were at that time interchangeable. Under no circumstances should eye protection ever be removed on a live field. He taught Judo to Carlos Gracie (1902-94) and others in Brazil. This means players must wear only paintball-specific goggles and facemasks at all times while playing, even if they are out. At this time, groundfighting (newaza) was very popular and not yet limited by the rules. Safety is paramount while playing paintball and is strictly enforced. Mitsuo 'Count' Maeda introduced Judo to Brazil in the early 20th Century.

If you think you may have been hit the ref of the current game will run over and complete a "paint check" to evaluate whether you have been marked or not. In Austria, Julius Fleck and others developed a system of throwing intended to extend Judo that they called Judo-do. The idea is to get as close to the opponent as possible, as fast as you can, so that you can catch the other player off guard, giving them little to no time to react, and giving you little to no chance to miss due to the close range. Teaching in France, Mikonosuke Kawaishi developed an alternative approach to instruction that continued to teach many techniques banned in modern competition. This refers to running/charging up to the bunker or barricade that an opposing player is behind and tagging them at very close range. A sub-style of Kodokan Judo that developed in Japanese inter-scholastic competition is known as Kosen judo (高專柔道) with the same range of techniques but greater latitude permitted for Ne-waza (ground technique). Another popular move is "bunkering". Kano took the name Judo from Jikishin Ryu Judo, which is an older school but not really seen outside of Japan.

Moves such as a 'run through', where a player sprints down the field shooting as many of the opposing team as he can, have developed over time and are now very important plays. Jigoro Kano's Kodokan Judo (講道館) is not the only style of judo. If you catch an opponent off guard, you are free to fire at him. The dan (black belt) ranks are awarded after doing an exam supervised by independent judges of the national judo association. In almost all tournament play, there is no surrender rule. Once both parts have been completed it is possible for a Judoka to be promoted. Keep in mind that while waiting for a response you can still be hit by other opponents. Judokas also have to compete in a grading competition against people of a similar grade.

However, if they refuse and attempt any hostile action (such as turning to fire at you), you may fire upon them. In most Western countries, Judokas have to pass an exam which is normally assesed by the Sensei (Teacher) within the Dojo. If your opponent complies (verbally, see above or by raising their hand or marker), they are considered marked and are out of the match. Corner judges on the corners of the mat also have a white and blue flag to indicate to which competitor a point should go when it is unclear whom it should be awarded to. Some fields require that if you are within a certain distance of an unaware opponent, you must demand their surrender (by yelling "Surrender!") before you may open fire. Points are also awarded to white or blue. This is you and one other teammate are eliminated from the current round for cheating. In both cases this does not indicate their rank, but is to enable the judges and spectators to tell the opponents apart during a fight.

In most instances a penalty of 1 for 1 will be called. In some competitions the older system whereby one competitor wears a white sash and the other a blue sash remains in place. This is cheating in its lowest form and could get you banned from the field. In competition one judoka wears a blue suit while the other wears white. Some people, when hit, will wipe off the paint and continue playing. Jigoro Kano was the inventor of the kyu - dan grading system, that soon got adapted by other martial arts such as karate. If you believe that you have tagged another player, but they are not calling themeselves out, you can always shout for a paint check on that person. Historically, a woman's belt had a white stripe at its centre in some countries, while in most of them this habit has been discontinued.

If you are lucky, a paintball will simply bounce off of you, and will not count as a hit. All dan grades may wear the black belt; sixth- through eighth- dans may alternately wear a red-and-white belt, while those ranked ninth- dan and above may wear a solid red belt. You should always check to see if a paintball that has hit you has indeed broken. In Japan, all adult kyu grades wear either white or brown belts. Remember that even if you are not marked, exclaiming "I'm hit" will eliminate you from the game. Some European countries additionally use a red belt to signify a complete beginner. In some cases, depending on the field's rules, being checked by a referee does not make you invulnerable. In the UK and most of Europe the belt grading colours run like this: White, Yellow, Orange, Green, Blue, Brown and then Black.

Usually, if there is any spot that isn't clearly a hit or larger than a quarter, it will not be considered a hit. In some countries, the nine colours run from grey through white, light blue, blue, yellow, orange, green, purple, and brown. A referee will come over and make a judgment call. Judoka are ranked according to skill and knowledge of judo, that grade being reflected in the colour of his belt: There are two divisions of grades, the student grades (kyu, 級), and the master grades (dan, 段). If you believe the paintball broke before impact, or if you cannot see the area to confirm a hit, then you should call for a paint check (by yelling "paint check"). Because this allows a merciful exit to the match, injuries related to these holds are quite rare. Generally if you are marked (hit) anywhere on your body, or on anything you are carrying (marker, hopper, pods) and the paintball broke upon impact, you have been marked. When this occurs, the match is over, and the tapping player has lost, but the chokehold or joint lock ceases.

. In randori and shiai (tournament) practice, when an opponent successfully executes a chokehold or joint lock, one "taps out" by tapping the mat or one's opponent at least twice in a manner that clearly indicates the submission. For information on tactics, see paintball strategy. Also for reasons of safety, chokeholds, jointlocking - and the sacrifice (sutemi) techniques, which can be very spectacular, are often subject to age and/or rank restrictions; in the United States, one must be 13 or older to use chokeholds, and 17 or older, or hold the rank of Shodan (first grade black belt) or higher to use armlocks. These are the most common regulations, and do not include tips for playing. Striking techniques (called atemi-waza) such as kicking and punching, along with knife and sword techniques are retained in the katas taught to higher ranking judoka (for instance, in the kime-no-kata), but are forbidden in contest (and usually prohibited in randori), for reasons of safety. Variations of the following rules are in effect at most fields. In randori, players (known as judoka) may attack each other with any judo throw or grappling technique.

When playing at a field for the first time, be sure to check up on the field rules. A kind of sparring is practiced in judo, known as randori (乱取り), meaning "free practice". Major scenario and tournament events may sometimes occur at other locations like fairgrounds, military bases, or stadiums, essentially creating a temporary paintball park, including the trained staff and insurance found at permanent commercial paintball parks. The groundwork techniques are divided into: attacks against the joints or joint locks (kansetsu-waza, 関節技), strangleholds or chokeholds (shime-waza, 絞技), and holding or pinning techniques (osaekomi-waza, 押込技). Private landowners may also be liable for injuries sustained on their property, especially if there are any fees for play. Sacrifice techniques are divided into those in which the thrower falls directly backwards (ma-sutemi-waza, 真捨身技) and those in which he falls onto his side (yoko-sutemi-waza, 橫捨身技). While less expensive, and often less structured than play at a commerical facility, due to the lack of standards, instruction, and oversight, the vast majority of injuries incured by paintball players occur in a "renegade" setting. Standing techniques are divided in hand techniques (te-waza, 手技), hip techniques (koshi-waza, 腰技) and foot/leg techniques (ashi-waza, 足技).

Some players play on private land, often refered to as "renegade" play. Nage-waza is divided in two groups of techniques, standing techniques (tachi-waza, 立技) and sacrifice techniques (sutemi-waza, 捨身技). Commercial fields adhere to specific safety and insurance standards and have employed staff (often called referees) whose job is to make sure players are instructed in proper play and play in a manner that insures all participants' safety. While Judo includes a variety of rolls, falls, throws, pins, chokes, joint-locks, and methods of percussion, the primary focus is on throwing (nage-waza, 投げ技), and groundwork (ne-waza,寝技). Additionally, some commercial fields offer fast-paced indoor game play, often with multiple rooms. In some matches, when there are not enough blue judogis availible, one judoka may be given a colored sash or alternately colored belt to differentiate himself from the other. A paintball park may be an area of woods, a complex of speedball fields, or a combination. Before competition, a blue judogi is assigned to one judoka per match for ease of distinction by judges and referee.

Most players play, and most scenario games and tournaments occur, at commercial, insured paintball parks. The jacket is intended to withstand the stresses of throwing and grappling, and is as a result much thicker than that of a karategi. While these two groups differ in style of play and appearance, the most devoted members of both groups may spend thousands of dollars per year not only on paintball equipment, but also on travel to paintball events. The judogi consists of white cotton drawstring pants and a white quilted cotton jacket fastened by a colored belt indicative of kyu or dan rank. These frequent participants can generally be divided into two groups: Scenario players and tournament players. This judogi was created at the Kodokan and similar uniforms were later adopted by many other martial arts. According to the Sporting Goods Manufacturer's Association, of the approximately 10 million people who participate in paintball annually, only about 15% (1.5 million) of them play 15 or more times per year. Judoka (Judo practitioners) wear white cotton uniforms called Judogi (which means Judo uniform in Japanese) for practicing Judo.

Recreational players may play at commercial, insured paintball parks, or on private land (often referred to as "renegade"). This balanced theory of combat has made Judo a popular choice for many. The recreational class of player encompasses a range of levels of involvement in the sport, from occasional players like members of church groups or people attending birthday or bachelor parties, through more regular players who may own their own entry-level equipment, but do not play in tournaments. Judo's balance between both the standing and ground phases of combat gives judoka the ability to take down opponents who are standing up and then pin and submit them on the ground. Players usually fall into three categories: recreational, scenario or big game, and tournament. Judo's Balanced Approach to Fighting. The leagues consist of a whole circuit of paintball tournaments, but smaller regional and locally-sponsored tournaments are very common. Actual fighting, albeit within safety rules, is considered to be much more effective than only practicing techniques, since fighting full-strength develops the muscles and cardio-vascular system on the physical side of things, and it develops strategy and reaction time on the mental side of things.

The major leagues are National Professional Paintball League (NPPL), Paintball Sports Promotions™ (PSP), and Millennium Series. Half the combat time is spent fighting on the ground, called ne-waza and the other half standing up, called tachi-waza. Due to the competitive nature, most tournament players use high-end markers capable of higher rates of fire. Judo emphasizes fighting (randori) as its main form of training. There is a set number of people on each team (commonly three, five or seven), and modern tournament play is primarily speedball. Fighting. Tournament paintball is played by the same rules as normal paintball, but in a more competitive environment. They enable the one applying the choke to force the adversary into unconsciousness and even death.

The Millennium Series, the Nordic Series, the former European X-Ball League, the Centurio Circuit, the XSPL, the Paintball Association in the UK and many more leagues exist and draw large numbers of teams and fans. Chokes/strangulations are Judo's deadliest techniques. These aren't the only leagues, however, as most regions both inside and outside the USA have leagues. Chokes/Strangulations. Current professional and semi-professional leagues, such as the NXL (National X-Ball League), NPPL (National Professional Paintball League), NCPA (National Collegiate Paintball Association), CFOA (Carolina Field Owners Association) the NEPL (New England Paintball League),the WPL (World Paintball League) and the SPPL (Scenario Paintball Players League), regularly hold high-class, well-organized events. For these reasons Judo considers joint locks to be important techniques. Some paintball parks have added dedicated reball fields. Also, some joints, such the elbows, can be broken, maiming your adversary so he cannot any longer attack you effectively or put up a defence.

A reball is more expensive than a paintball, but since they can be reused, they are cheaper over the long term. Joint locks are effective combat techniques since they enable you to control your opponent through pain-compliance. While they do not break open to leave a paint mark on players, the lack of filling makes them useful for indoor locations where accumulation of paint from broken paintballs would be a problem. Even so, some Judoka still enjoy learning and fighting each other informally using these banned techniques. Reballs are approximately the same size and weight of a paintball, but do not contain a paint filling. Over the years it was discovered that attacking those other joints would not only result in many injuries to the athletes, but also would gradually wear the joints down over time. A "reball" is a solid, dense-foam substitute for a paintball. In times past, Judo allowed many other joints to be attacked too such as the knees, spine and others.

The first team to reach a set point total (commonly 5 or 7 points), or the team with the highest point total after game time has elapsed, wins the match. Elbow locks are considered safe-enough to do at nearly full-force to induce a submission. The X-Ball Light variant has one period, typically 15 minutes long. Joint Locks. X-Ball has taken root at the national level, although variations are found in regional and local competition. It is your job to break through his 'guard' and pin or submit him, and it is his job to submit you from where he is, to roll you over and get on top of you or to simply break out and get back up to his feet and fight from there if that is what he wants to do. Players who receive penalties are not permanently removed from the game, but placed in a hockey-like penalty box for several minutes. Clearly you do not have control of him in this position even though you are 'on top', so it is not considered a pin.

Unlike most tournament formats that forbid players to communicate with people on the sidelines, X-Ball allows a coach to advise players on the field. Also, to make things even worse for you, there are various attacking techniques he can launch against you from this position, which is called 'Do-osae' (body squeeze) in Japanese and 'The Guard' in English. Teams of up to 18 players field five players at a time. What if, for example, his friends who are nearby happen to drop in to 'pay you a little visit'? You won't be able to get away. The winner is the team with the most victories after two 16- to 20-minute halves. However, if the person you are holding down has wrapped his legs around any part of your lower body or your trunk, he is pinning you as much as you are pinning him since you cannot get up and flee unless he lets go. A newer tournament format, X-Ball pits two teams against each other in multiple rounds of Center Flag played one after another until time runs out. This also flows from the theory that you will be striking a pinned opponent, and after 10 seconds will have possibly weakened him somewhat with strikes, at least enough to merit giving some points.

Popular non-Xball center-flag formats include:. In a match, if you pin your opponent for less than 25 seconds you get points depending on how long, with the minimum being 10 seconds. Teams play several other teams, accumulating points in each game for acts such as being the first to get the flag, bringing the flag to the goal, eliminating opposing players, and having uneliminated players left at the end of the game. The reason for requiring such a long pin is that in order to be able to hit the person underneath you effectively, you have to have full control of him for a long time. The most common tournament formats pit two teams of three, five, or seven players against each other. If a pin is held for 25 seconds, the person doing the pinning wins the match. Woodsball tournaments, the original and once the most popular format, have largely given way to speedball fields, whose inflatable bunkers can be moved between matches or tournament stages. Pins are considered important since in a real fight the person on top who has control of the person beneath can hit him with knees, forearms, the head and so on.

Modern tournament paintball has developed in earnest since roughly 1990. Pins. The largest is probably "Oklahoma D-Day" which drew more than 3,500 in 2005, plays across 700 acres of land and includes some 15 "paintball tanks" and pontoon-built landing craft. In the ground phase, which is considered the secondary phase of combat, the opponents try to hold, or get the opponant to submit either by using arm locks (leg locks are not allowed) or by chokes and strangulations. Skirmish Paintball in Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania holds several every year, including The Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of Normandy, which drew more than 3,000 attendees in 2005. The Ground Phase. Scenario games can last hours or even days, and bigger games often have player re-insertions at set intervals. Therefore points are given for lesser throws in the standing phase of combat.

Scenario paintball games are often larger-scale re-enactments of historical battles involving hundreds of people, such as the Battle of Normandy, or modern scenarios such as storming a building and rescuing hostages. In actual fact, this kind of victory is very difficult to achieve if the opponents are equally matched. Most national and local tournaments and leagues are built around speedball. If a judoka executes a powerful yet fully controlled throw, he can win a match outright due to the theory that he has displayed enough superiority. The close quarters foster a lot of movement and "bunkering", or running up to an opposing player's bunker and eliminating them from close range. Be that as it may, another reason to throw the opponent is to shock his body through smashing him forcefully onto the ground. Artificial barriers (bunkers), often inflatable, are placed throughout the field for players to move between and hide behind. Thus, the main reason for throwing the opponent is to control him and put yourself in a dominant position above him where you have more potential to inflict damage on him than he does on you.

Speedball is a faster, closer-quarters game than woodsball and is played on a field about the size of a basketball court or two. The main purpose of the throwing techniques (nage waza) is to take an opponent who is standing on his feet, mobile and dangerous, down onto his back where he cannot move any more. Woodsball games generally take more time than speedball games. punches, kicks etc) are not allowed due to their certainty of injury, but judoka are supposed to 'take them into consideration' while training by, for example, not fighting in a bent-over position for long, since this position is vulnerable to knee-strikes and others. Woodsball, paintball's original format, is generally played in a wooded area large enough to hold dozens of players. Strikes (i.e. The team that eliminates all of the players on the other team wins. Some judoka, however, are very skilled in combining takedowns with submissions, where a submission technique is begun standing and finished on the ground.

The winner is the team that brings the flag to the opponent's end of the field. Even though standing joint-lock and choke/strangulation submission techniques are legal in the standing phase, they are quite rare due to the fact that they are much harder to apply standing than throws are. Similar to Capture the Flag, the game starts with a single flag at the center of the field instead of one at each end. In the standing phase, which is considered the initial phase, the opponents try to throw each other to the ground. Victory is achieved by being the first team to hang the opponents' flag on the designated location at or near their own starting location. The Standing Phase. Teams start on opposing sides and attempt to acquire the opponents' flag while protecting their own. Some judoka can become quite skilled in one phase and be rather weak in the other, depending on where their interests most lie, although most are rather balanced between the two.

The classic schoolyard game, with a paintball twist. Each phase requires its own mostly separate techniques, strategies, randori, conditioning and so on, although some special training is devoted to 'transitional' techniques to bridge the gap. . Judo assumes that there are two main phases of combat: the standing (tachi-waza) and the ground (ne-waza) phase. The first tournament with a cash prize was held in 1983. Jujitsu techniques which relied solely on superior strength were discarded or adapted in favour of those which involved redirecting the opponent's force, off-balancing the opponent, or making use of superior leverage. The first paintball game was played in New Hampshire in 1981 by Bob Gurnsey, Hayes Noel, Charles Gaines, and nine others, who used markers built to tag cattle or trees. Kano saw jujutsu as a disconnected bag of tricks, and sought to unify it according to some principle; he found it in the notion of "maximum efficiency".

Once marked by a paintball, a player is eliminated from the game. For example, if the attacker was to push against his opponent he would find his opponent stepping to the side and allowing (usually with the aid of a foot to trip him up) his momentum to throw him forwards (the inverse being true for pulling). Paintball is a sport whose participants use markers to shoot paintballs (roughly marble-sized, .68 caliber, gelatin capsules filled with colored polyethylene glycol) at other players. Judo takes from jujutsu ("gentle art") the principle of using one's opponent's strength against him and adapting well to changing circumstances. 90% of paintball players are 12-24 years old. To English speakers, Judo and Jujutsu would mean "the easy way", as in the easiest way to accomplish something. 85% of paintball players are male. Thus Judo literally means "the gentle way", or "the way of giving way", and may also be defined as "the way of suppleness", "the way of flexibility, or "the way of adaptability".

Baseball — 9.7 million participants (just 1.01% more than paintball). The word Judo is composed of two kanji: "ju", which means gentleness or giving way, and "dō" (道), meaning way of life (the same character as the Chinese "tao"). Tackle Football — 5.4 million participants. Although two years would pass before it would be called by that name, and Kano had not yet been accorded the title of "master" in the Kito ryu (起倒流) -- Iikubo would come to the temple to help teach three days per week, this was the founding of the Kodokan (講道館) or "place for learning the way.". Paintball had approximately 9.6 million participants in 2004