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Milan


Milan (Italian: Milano; Milanese dialect: Milán) is the main city in northern Italy, and is located in the plains of Lombardy, the most populated and developed region in Italy. The city proper has about 1,308,311 inhabitants (2004), but the population of the urban area including the hinterland is about 4 million and is called La Grande Milano (Greater Milan, 1,981 square kilometres). The metropolitan area, called the Città Regione (The City Region) claims more than 9.4 million inhabitants (this is an ambitious definition of Milan's metropolitan area, perhaps not very comparable with figures claimed for metros outside Italy).

Milan's name has for many centuries been recorded as Mailand, which is still the German name of the city today. It comes from the Celtic Mid-lan (meaning "in the middle of the plain") and was known as Mediolanum by the Romans.

Its province lies in the western part of Lombardy; it covers an area of 1,982 km2 and has a population of 3,839,818 (2004); in 1991, the population was 3,738,685. The province comprises 188 communes, ranging in population (2001) from Milan Municipality (1,308,311) to Nosate (638); the city of Milan has lost 113,084 inhabitants (8.3 percent), from 1991 to 2001.

The town is famous for fashion firms and shops (via Montenapoleone) and the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele on the Piazza Duomo, reputed to be the world's oldest shopping mall. Milan is one of the world capitals of fashion, like New York City, Paris, London and Rome, and design. Indeed the English word milliner is derived from the name of the city. Another famed product of the city is the traditional Christmas sweet cake called Panettone. Milan is also famous for the Alfa Romeo motorcar and for its silk production.

Inhabitants of Milan are referred to as "Milanesi" and nicknamed "Meneghini".

History

It is presumed Milan was originally founded by the Celts of Northern Italy around 600 BCE and was conquered around 222 BCE by the Romans, who gave it the name of Mediolanum. In the 4th century CE, at the time of the bishop Saint Ambrose and emperor Theodosius I, the city was briefly the capital of the Western Roman Empire. At that time Milan was the second largest city in Europe, with more than 300,000 inhabitants. St Ambrose is now the Patron Saint of the city. His feast day is the 7th of Decmeber.

In the 11th century, after the Ostrogothic and Lombard periods, the city regained its importance and led other Italian cities in gaining semi-independence from the Holy Roman Empire. During the Plague of 1349 Milan was one of the few places in Europe that was untouched by the epidemic, but it was deeply affected by the plagues of 1402 (50,000 deaths), 1542 (80,000), 1576 (17,000) and 1629 (also known as Great Plague of Milan, 70,000 deaths). During the Renaissance Milan was ruled by dukes of the Visconti and Sforza families, who had artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Bramante at their service. After trying to conquer the rest of northern Italy in the 15th century, Milan was conquered by France, and then later on by Austria (Habsburg), then given in the early 16th century to the Spanish Habsburg line to rule.

In the 18th century Austria replaced Spain as Milan's overlord, because the Spanish line of Habsburgs died out. But the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars saw the city annexed into the French satellite states of the Cisalpine Republic, which later became the Kingdom of Italy. After this period, Milan was part of the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia under Austrian rule. Milan eventually became one of the main centers of Italian nationalism, claiming independence and the unification of Italy.

In 1859 (after the second of the Wars of Italian Independence) Austrian rule was ended by the Kingdom of Sardinia (which transformed into the kingdom of Italy in 1861).

As a critical industrial center of Italy, Milan was target of continuous carpet bombing during World War II. The city was bombed even after Pietro Badoglio surrendered to the allied forces in 1943. In fact, Milan was part of Mussolini's Italian Social Republic puppet state, and an important command centre of the German Army stationed in Italy. When war in Italy was finally over, April 25, 1945, Milan was heavily damaged and entire neighborhoods such as Precotto and Turro were destroyed. After the war, the city was reconstructed and has again become an important financial and industrial centre of Italy. See also: Rulers of Milan.

Demographics

Milan is a very diverse city, being the second largest city in Italy, but it is the most industrial and main financial centre of the country. Many immigrants come from Asian and North African nations. A small percentage comes from Latin America. The city is 85% Italian, 4% from other EU countries, and the remainder include Romanian, Egyptian, Filipino, Sri Lankan, Chinese, and Albanian.

Economy

Milan is the centre of much finance, the seat of the Italian Stock Exchange (la Borsa Valori) and its hinterland is an avant-garde industrial area. Fiera Milano, the city's Exhibition Center and Trade Fair complex, is one of the most important in the world. This new fairground, in the north-western suburb of Pero and Rho (opened in April 2005), is Europe's largest open construction project, making Fiera Milano the largest trade fair complex in the world.

Milan was included in a list of ten "Alpha world cities" by Peter J. Taylor and Robert E. Lang of the Brookings Institution in the economic report "U.S. Cities in the 'World City Network'" (Key Findings, Full Report).

Famous Businesses of Milan

  • Giorgio Armani
  • Dolce & Gabbana
  • Prada
  • Gianni Versace
  • Pirelli
  • Telecom Italia
  • Fiera Milano
  • Alemagna
  • Alfa Romeo
  • Motta
  • Mediaset
  • Bugatti
  • Corriere della Sera/RCS
  • Giangiacomo Feltrinelli Editore
  • Arnoldo Mondadori Editore
  • Eni
  • Ferrovie Nord Milano
  • Banca Intesa
  • Mediobanca
  • Aermacchi

Architecture & Places

Principal churches

  • Duomo (Milan cathedral)
  • Sant'Alessandro
  • Basilica di Sant'Ambrogio
  • Santa Maria delle Grazie (with Leonardo's "Last Supper")
  • San Babila
  • San Bernardino alle Ossa
  • Basilica di Sant'Eustorgio
  • Basilica di San Lorenzo Pirelli Tower, Milan
  • San Marco
  • Santuario di Santa Maria dei Miracoli
  • Santa Maria del Carmine
  • Basilica di San Nazaro Maggiore
  • Santa Maria presso San Satiro
  • San Sebastiano
  • San Simpliciano
  • Santo Stefano Maggiore

Famous monuments

  • Alessandro Manzoni in Piazza San Fedele
  • Colonne di San Lorenzo
  • Disc of Pomodoro
  • Fontana del Piermarini in Piazza Fontana
  • Mazzini's monument in Piazza della Repubblica
  • Monumento Cinque Giornate
  • Napoleone of Canova in Brera
  • Oldrado da Trasseno del Palazzo della Ragione
  • San Carlo Borromeo in Piazza Borromeo
  • Leonardo's monument in Piazza della Scala
  • Roman amphitheatre (scant remains)
  • Archi di Porta Nuova
  • Leonardo da Vinci's Horse Statue at Hippodrome
  • "The Needle and the Yarn" in Piazza Cadorna

Notable architecture

  • Duomo
  • Castello Sforzesco (Sforza Castle)
  • Ca' Granda (University of Milan)
  • Palazzo della Ragione
  • Palazzo Reale
  • Teatro alla Scala
  • Central Station (the biggest Italian station)
  • Palazzo Serbelloni
  • Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
  • Velasca Tower
  • Pirelli Tower (seat of Lombardy Region and the highest italian skyscraper)
  • New Milan Fair Complex of M. Fuksas (in Rho-Pero)

Culture & Art

A greengrocer in central Milan with a sign in Milanese, the local dialect, claiming to be 'the oldest greengrocer of Milan' (l'ortolán püŝee vêcc de Milan)

Milan is one of the most important centres in the world for Opera lirica, with its famous Teatro alla Scala (La Scala, theatre).

The Biblioteca Ambrosiana contains drawings and notebooks by Leonardo da Vinci among its vast holdings of books, manuscripts, and drawings, and is one of the main repositories of European culture. The city is also the home of the Brera Academy of Fine Arts.

In the church Santa Maria delle Grazie can be found one of the most famous paintings of Leonardo da Vinci: The Last Supper (it: "Cenacolo").

Museums & Exhibitions

  • Pinacoteca di Brera
  • Pinacoteca Ambrosiana
  • Galleria d'Arte Moderna
  • Triennale di Milano
  • Castello Sforzesco
  • Museo Egizio
  • Museo Poldi Pezzoli
  • Museo della Preistoria e Protostoria
  • Museo d’Arte Antica
  • Palazzo Reale
  • Museo Teatro alla Scala
  • Padiglione di Arte Contemporanea
  • Museo di Storia Naturale
  • Museo della Scienza e della Tecnica "Leonardo da Vinci"
  • Galleria Vinciana
  • Museo Bagatti Valsecchi
  • Museo degli Strumenti Musicali
  • Museo delle Arti Decorative
  • Museo Archeologico
  • Museo di Milano
  • Museo di Storia Contemporanea
  • Museo del Risorgimento

Theaters

  • Teatro alla Scala
  • Arcimboldi
  • Piccolo teatro
  • Teatro Lirico
  • Teatro Carcano
  • CRT - Teatro dell'Arte
  • Manzoni
  • Ventaglio Nazionale
  • Nuovo
  • Nuovo Piccolo Teatro
  • Piccolo Teatro di Milano
  • San Babila
  • Smeraldo
  • Ciak
  • Della 14a
  • Filodrammatici
  • Litta
  • Olmetto
  • Out Off
  • L'Elfo
  • Porta Romana
  • Franco Parenti
  • Teatro Studio
  • Verdi

Universities

  • Politecnico di Milano
  • Università Statale
  • Università Statale Milano-Bicocca
  • Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
  • Università Bocconi
  • Scuola Superiore di Direzione Aziendale - Bocconi
  • Università I.U.L.M.
  • Università C.Cattaneo L.I.U.C.
  • Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele
  • L.U.C. Beato Angelico
  • Accademia delle Belle Arti di Brera
  • Conservatorio Superiore "G. Verdi" di Milano
  • Istituto Europeo di Design
  • I.S.E.F.

Transportation

Airports

The city has a large international airport known as Malpensa International Airport (MXP), located in the northern suburb of Busto Ariszio and connected to the downtown with the "Malpensa Express" railway service (from Cadorna Station). Malpensa was designed by the famous Ettore Sottsass. Milan also has the Linate Airport (LIN) within the city limits (for European and domestic traffic), connected with bus line 73 (from S. Babila). A third airport is Orio al Serio (BGY), close to the city of Bergamo. Vergiate, Bresso, and Parma are further airports in the region. The main 3 airports of Milano (Malpensa, Linate and Orio) comprise the largest and most important hub in Italy, both for passengers and cargo.

Subways, tramways, and buses

Milan's transportation system (M-S-R Lines) S Lines map.

Milan has 3 subway lines (M1 - red, M2 - green, M3 - yellow) and the system, called Milan Metro - "M", running for more than 80 km. There is also a light metro-service, "Metrò S. Raffaele", connecting the S. Raffaele Hospital with the Cascina Gobba station (M2). Extensions of lines 1, 2 and 3 are under construction, to create more than 15 km of track with 10 new stations. Line 5 is also under construction, to be finished in the first half of 2008. Lines 4 (linking downtown with Linate Airport) and 6 are in planning stages.

Greater Milan also has one of the most extensive tramway systems in the world, with more than 286 km of track, and 20 lines.

93 bus lines cover over 1,070 km between them. The local transportation authority (ATM) transported more than 600 million passengers in 2003 .

National Railway

Milan is one of the most important railway hubs of Italy, and the 5 major stations of Milan are among Italy's busiest:

  • Milano Centrale (passenger station - the second busiest Italian station)
  • Milano P.ta Garibaldi (passenger station)
  • Milano Lambrate (passenger station)
  • Milano Rogoredo (passenger station and cargo station)
  • Milano Greco (passenger station)
  • Milano San Cristoforo (passenger and cargo station)
  • Milano Porta Romana (passenger and cargo station)
  • Milano Certosa (passenger station)
  • Milano Smistamento/Scalo Farini (cargo-trains).

Three new stations for passenger service are under construction:

  • Milano Romolo
  • Milano Tibaldi
  • Milano/Rho Fiera

High speed train lines are under contruction all across Italy, and new lines will open from Milan to Rome and Naples, and from Milan to Torino. The stations for the TAV (Treni ad Alta Velocità - High Speed Trains) will be:

  • Milano Rogoredo (for the south)
  • Milano Certosa and Milano/Rho Fiera (for the west)

A line from Milan to Venice and then to Trieste is under construction. At the end of the work, the TAV station for Milan to the east will be:

  • Milano Pioltello

Regional-Metropolitan Railway services

The Suburban Railway Service ( "S" Lines, a service similar to the French RER and German S-Bahn), composed of 8 suburban lines and 10 more scheduled for 2008, connects the "Greater Milan" to cities such as Como and Varese. The Regional Railway Service ( "R"), instead, links Milan with the rest of Lombardy and the national railway system. The "Passante ferroviario" is an underground railway serving a couple of "S" lines and is very much like another subway line (and is even marked as such on subway maps), except that it is connected to the FNME and Trenitalia suburban networks.

Taxis

Milan has an efficient Taxi service, operated by private companies and licensed by the City of Milan (Comune di Milano). All taxis are the same color: white. Prices are based on time elapsed and distance traveled.

Sports

Football is the most important sport in Italy, and Milan is home to 2 world-famous football teams: A.C. Milan and Internazionale. Milan is the only city in Europe whose teams have won both the European Cup and the Intercontinental Cup. Both teams play at Giuseppe Meazza - San Siro Stadium (85,700). Many of the strongest Italian football players were born in Milan, in the surrounding metropolitan area, or in Lombardy: Valentino Mazzola, Renzo De Vecchi, Paolo Maldini, Giuseppe Meazza, Giacinto Facchetti, Gianni Rivera, Paolo Rossi, Luigi Riva, Gaetano Scirea, Giuseppe Bergomi, Walter Zenga, Antonio Cabrini, Roberto Donadoni, Gianluca Vialli, Silvio Piola, Virginio Rosetta, Giampiero Boniperti, Giuseppe Dossena, Gabriele Oriali, Giuseppe Signori, Ugo Locatelli, Giampiero Marini, Aristide Guarneri, Paolino Pulici, Marcello Lippi, Giovanni Trapattoni, Franco e Giuseppe Baresi, Luigi Cevenini, Virgilio e Giuseppe Fossati, Giovanni Ferrari...

  • The famous Monza Formula One circuit is located in the suburbs. It one of the world's oldest car racing circuits, and one of the most famous. The capacity for the F1 races is around 137,000 spectators.
  • Olimpia Milano is a successful European basketball team that have won 3 European Cups, a World Cup, 3 Winners' Cups, 2 Korac Cups and 25 National Championships. It is the most important Italian team and one of the top 5 in Europe. Olimpia play at the Forum (capacity 14,000).
  • The Amatory Rugby Club Milano have won 18 National Championships and are the most famous and important Rugby team in Italy.
  • Different ice hockey teams from Milan have won 30 National Championships between them. The Vipers Milano have won the last 4 national championships, the Alpenliga and several Coppa Italia, and are the leaders of that sport in Italy. They play at the Agora Stadium (capacity 4,500) during the regular season, and at the Forum during playoffs .
  • Every year, Milan hosts the Bonfiglio Trophy Under 18 Tennis Tournament. It is the most important youth tournament in the world, and is played at the Milan Tennis Club. The central court has a capacity of 8000. Past winners include Tacchini, Kodes, Panatta, Barazzutti, Moreno, Borg, Smid, Lendl, Forget, Curier, Ivanisevic, Kafelnikov, and Coira.

Milan and Lombardy are candidates for the Summer Olympic Games of 2016 (Milan-Lombardy 2016).

Stadia

  • Autodromo Nazionale Monza - car and motorcycle racing - 137,000
  • San Siro - only football - 85,700
  • Arena Civica - Athletic, Rugby, Football, 30,000
  • Brianteo - Athletic, Football - 18,568
  • Ippodromo del Trotter - Horse Racing - 16,000
  • Ippodromo del Galoppo - Horse Racing - 15,000
  • Forum di Assago - Basket, Ice Hockey, Volley, Music - 13,000 to 16,000
  • MazdaPalace - Basket, Volley - 13,500
  • Velodromo Vigorelli - Cycling, American Football - 12,000
  • PalaLido - Basket - 5,000
  • Agorà - Ice Hockey - 4,000
  • Nuovo Giuriati - Rugby - 4,000


There are other stadiums and multiuse palaces located in the metropolitan area, the biggest being Monza Brianteo Stadium (18,000 seats), the PalaDesio (10,000) and Geas Stadium (8,500).

Communication & media

Newspapers

  • Corriere della Sera (daily)
  • Il Giorno (daily)
  • Il Giornale (daily)
  • Libero (daily)
  • Il Sole 24 Ore (daily)
  • Milano Finanza (daily)
  • La Padania (daily)
  • La Gazzetta dello Sport (daily, sports only)
  • Metro (daily)

Magazines

  • Panorama (weekly)
  • La Settimana Enigmistica (weekly)
  • TV Sorrisi & Canzoni (weekly)
  • Oggi (weekly)
  • Marie Claire (weekly)
  • AnnaBella (weekly)
  • Explora (monthly)
  • Focus (monthly)

TV and radio

  • Mediaset (National Hdq)
  • RAI (Milan Regional Hdq)
  • MTV (South-Europe Hdq)
  • Sky Italia (National Hdq)
  • Radio Deejay (National Hdq)
  • R101
  • Radio 105
  • Radio 24

Sister cities

Milan has 14 sister cities:

  • Bethlehem, Palestine
  • Birmingham, Great Britain, Birmingham's Partner City page
  • Boston, Massachusetts, United States
  • Chicago, Illinois, United States
  • Krakow, Poland
  • Dakar, Senegal
  • Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • Lyon, France
  • Melbourne, Australia
  • Osaka, Japan
  • Saint Petersburg, Russia
  • São Paulo, Brazil
  • Shanghai, China
  • Tianjin, China
  • Tel Aviv, Israel
  • Thessaloniki, Greece
  • Toronto, Canada

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Milan has 14 sister cities:. When the eggs hatch, the newborn nymphs drop to the ground, where they burrow and start another cycle.
There are other stadiums and multiuse palaces located in the metropolitan area, the biggest being Monza Brianteo Stadium (18,000 seats), the PalaDesio (10,000) and Geas Stadium (8,500). She may do so repeatedly, until she has laid several hundred eggs. Milan and Lombardy are candidates for the Summer Olympic Games of 2016 (Milan-Lombardy 2016). After mating, the female cuts slits into the bark of a twig and deposits her eggs there. Many of the strongest Italian football players were born in Milan, in the surrounding metropolitan area, or in Lombardy: Valentino Mazzola, Renzo De Vecchi, Paolo Maldini, Giuseppe Meazza, Giacinto Facchetti, Gianni Rivera, Paolo Rossi, Luigi Riva, Gaetano Scirea, Giuseppe Bergomi, Walter Zenga, Antonio Cabrini, Roberto Donadoni, Gianluca Vialli, Silvio Piola, Virginio Rosetta, Giampiero Boniperti, Giuseppe Dossena, Gabriele Oriali, Giuseppe Signori, Ugo Locatelli, Giampiero Marini, Aristide Guarneri, Paolino Pulici, Marcello Lippi, Giovanni Trapattoni, Franco e Giuseppe Baresi, Luigi Cevenini, Virgilio e Giuseppe Fossati, Giovanni Ferrari... Only the males have tymbals and "sing" to attract females.

Both teams play at Giuseppe Meazza - San Siro Stadium (85,700). When they molt, they shed their skins, and the abandonded skins can often be found left on trees, still clinging to the bark. Milan is the only city in Europe whose teams have won both the European Cup and the Intercontinental Cup. On a nearby plant, they molt one last time and emerge as an adult. Milan and Internazionale. In the final nymphal instar, they construct an exit tunnel to the surface and emerge. Football is the most important sport in Italy, and Milan is home to 2 world-famous football teams: A.C. The nymphs feed on root juices and have strong front legs for digging.

Prices are based on time elapsed and distance traveled. Most of this time, the animals spend underground as nymphs at depths ranging from about 30 cm (1 ft) up to 2.5 m (about 8½ ft). All taxis are the same color: white. the Magicicada goes through a 13- or even 17-year life cycle. Milan has an efficient Taxi service, operated by private companies and licensed by the City of Milan (Comune di Milano). Some species have much longer life cycles, e.g. The "Passante ferroviario" is an underground railway serving a couple of "S" lines and is very much like another subway line (and is even marked as such on subway maps), except that it is connected to the FNME and Trenitalia suburban networks. Most cicadas go through a life cycle that lasts between two to five years.

The Regional Railway Service ( "R"), instead, links Milan with the rest of Lombardy and the national railway system. The fact that only males produce the cicadas' distinctive sound prompted Xenophon to remark "Blessed are the cicadas, for they have voiceless wives.". The Suburban Railway Service ( "S" Lines, a service similar to the French RER and German S-Bahn), composed of 8 suburban lines and 10 more scheduled for 2008, connects the "Greater Milan" to cities such as Como and Varese. (This amazing sound has frequently inspired haiku poets in Japan to write about them.) They modulate their noise by wiggling their abdomens toward and away from the tree that they are on. At the end of the work, the TAV station for Milan to the east will be:. Some cicadas produce sounds louder than 100 dB. A line from Milan to Venice and then to Trieste is under construction. Their "singing" is actually a kind of stridulation: they vibrate these membranes with strong muscles; their body serves as a resonance body greatly amplifying the sound.

The stations for the TAV (Treni ad Alta Velocità - High Speed Trains) will be:. Male cicadas have loud noisemakers called "tymbals" on their sides. High speed train lines are under contruction all across Italy, and new lines will open from Milan to Rome and Naples, and from Milan to Torino. Cicadas are also one of the only insects known to cool themselves by sweating. Three new stations for passenger service are under construction:. Cicadas have prominent eyes set wide apart on the sides of the head, short antennae protruding between or in front of the eyes, and membranous front wings. Milan is one of the most important railway hubs of Italy, and the 5 major stations of Milan are among Italy's busiest:. the Pomponia imperatoria from Malaysia.

The local transportation authority (ATM) transported more than 600 million passengers in 2003 . Adult cicadas, sometimes called imagines, are usually between 2 and 5 cm (1 to 2 inches) long, although there are some tropical species that reach 15 cm (6 in), e.g. 93 bus lines cover over 1,070 km between them. 38 species from 5 genera populate New Zealand, and all of the species are endemic to New Zealand and the surrounding islands (Norfolk Island, New Caledonia). Greater Milan also has one of the most extensive tramway systems in the world, with more than 286 km of track, and 20 lines. Another American species is the Apache Cicada (Diceroprocta apache). Lines 4 (linking downtown with Linate Airport) and 6 are in planning stages. These periodical cicadas have an extremely long life cycle of 13 or 17 years and emerge in large numbers.

Line 5 is also under construction, to be finished in the first half of 2008. The best-known North-American genus is Magicicada, however. Extensions of lines 1, 2 and 3 are under construction, to create more than 15 km of track with 10 new stations. Most of the North American species are in the genus Tibicen—the annual or dog-day cicadas (named after the "Dog Days" because they emerge in late July and August). Raffaele Hospital with the Cascina Gobba station (M2). There are some 200 species in 38 genera in Australia, about 100 in the Palaearctic and exactly one species in England, the New Forest Cicada (Melampsalta montana), which is widely distributed throughout Europe, where about 2,000 species are known (some 600 in Germany alone). Raffaele", connecting the S. The largest cicadas are in the genera Pomponia and Tacua.

There is also a light metro-service, "Metrò S. There are many thousands of species of cicadas. Milan has 3 subway lines (M1 - red, M2 - green, M3 - yellow) and the system, called Milan Metro - "M", running for more than 80 km. . The main 3 airports of Milano (Malpensa, Linate and Orio) comprise the largest and most important hub in Italy, both for passengers and cargo. Cicadas live in temperate to tropical climates. Vergiate, Bresso, and Parma are further airports in the region. A cicada is any of several insects of the order Hemiptera, suborder Homoptera, with small eyes wide apart on the head and transparent well-veined wings.

A third airport is Orio al Serio (BGY), close to the city of Bergamo. Babila). Milan also has the Linate Airport (LIN) within the city limits (for European and domestic traffic), connected with bus line 73 (from S. Malpensa was designed by the famous Ettore Sottsass.

The city has a large international airport known as Malpensa International Airport (MXP), located in the northern suburb of Busto Ariszio and connected to the downtown with the "Malpensa Express" railway service (from Cadorna Station). In the church Santa Maria delle Grazie can be found one of the most famous paintings of Leonardo da Vinci: The Last Supper (it: "Cenacolo"). The city is also the home of the Brera Academy of Fine Arts. The Biblioteca Ambrosiana contains drawings and notebooks by Leonardo da Vinci among its vast holdings of books, manuscripts, and drawings, and is one of the main repositories of European culture.

Milan is one of the most important centres in the world for Opera lirica, with its famous Teatro alla Scala (La Scala, theatre). Cities in the 'World City Network'" (Key Findings, Full Report). Lang of the Brookings Institution in the economic report "U.S. Taylor and Robert E.

Milan was included in a list of ten "Alpha world cities" by Peter J. This new fairground, in the north-western suburb of Pero and Rho (opened in April 2005), is Europe's largest open construction project, making Fiera Milano the largest trade fair complex in the world. Fiera Milano, the city's Exhibition Center and Trade Fair complex, is one of the most important in the world. Milan is the centre of much finance, the seat of the Italian Stock Exchange (la Borsa Valori) and its hinterland is an avant-garde industrial area.

The city is 85% Italian, 4% from other EU countries, and the remainder include Romanian, Egyptian, Filipino, Sri Lankan, Chinese, and Albanian. A small percentage comes from Latin America. Many immigrants come from Asian and North African nations. Milan is a very diverse city, being the second largest city in Italy, but it is the most industrial and main financial centre of the country.

See also: Rulers of Milan. After the war, the city was reconstructed and has again become an important financial and industrial centre of Italy. When war in Italy was finally over, April 25, 1945, Milan was heavily damaged and entire neighborhoods such as Precotto and Turro were destroyed. In fact, Milan was part of Mussolini's Italian Social Republic puppet state, and an important command centre of the German Army stationed in Italy.

The city was bombed even after Pietro Badoglio surrendered to the allied forces in 1943. As a critical industrial center of Italy, Milan was target of continuous carpet bombing during World War II. In 1859 (after the second of the Wars of Italian Independence) Austrian rule was ended by the Kingdom of Sardinia (which transformed into the kingdom of Italy in 1861). Milan eventually became one of the main centers of Italian nationalism, claiming independence and the unification of Italy.

After this period, Milan was part of the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia under Austrian rule. But the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars saw the city annexed into the French satellite states of the Cisalpine Republic, which later became the Kingdom of Italy. In the 18th century Austria replaced Spain as Milan's overlord, because the Spanish line of Habsburgs died out. After trying to conquer the rest of northern Italy in the 15th century, Milan was conquered by France, and then later on by Austria (Habsburg), then given in the early 16th century to the Spanish Habsburg line to rule.

During the Renaissance Milan was ruled by dukes of the Visconti and Sforza families, who had artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Bramante at their service. During the Plague of 1349 Milan was one of the few places in Europe that was untouched by the epidemic, but it was deeply affected by the plagues of 1402 (50,000 deaths), 1542 (80,000), 1576 (17,000) and 1629 (also known as Great Plague of Milan, 70,000 deaths). In the 11th century, after the Ostrogothic and Lombard periods, the city regained its importance and led other Italian cities in gaining semi-independence from the Holy Roman Empire. His feast day is the 7th of Decmeber.

St Ambrose is now the Patron Saint of the city. At that time Milan was the second largest city in Europe, with more than 300,000 inhabitants. In the 4th century CE, at the time of the bishop Saint Ambrose and emperor Theodosius I, the city was briefly the capital of the Western Roman Empire. It is presumed Milan was originally founded by the Celts of Northern Italy around 600 BCE and was conquered around 222 BCE by the Romans, who gave it the name of Mediolanum.

. Inhabitants of Milan are referred to as "Milanesi" and nicknamed "Meneghini". Milan is also famous for the Alfa Romeo motorcar and for its silk production. Another famed product of the city is the traditional Christmas sweet cake called Panettone.

Indeed the English word milliner is derived from the name of the city. Milan is one of the world capitals of fashion, like New York City, Paris, London and Rome, and design. The town is famous for fashion firms and shops (via Montenapoleone) and the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele on the Piazza Duomo, reputed to be the world's oldest shopping mall. The province comprises 188 communes, ranging in population (2001) from Milan Municipality (1,308,311) to Nosate (638); the city of Milan has lost 113,084 inhabitants (8.3 percent), from 1991 to 2001.

Its province lies in the western part of Lombardy; it covers an area of 1,982 km2 and has a population of 3,839,818 (2004); in 1991, the population was 3,738,685. It comes from the Celtic Mid-lan (meaning "in the middle of the plain") and was known as Mediolanum by the Romans. Milan's name has for many centuries been recorded as Mailand, which is still the German name of the city today. The metropolitan area, called the Città Regione (The City Region) claims more than 9.4 million inhabitants (this is an ambitious definition of Milan's metropolitan area, perhaps not very comparable with figures claimed for metros outside Italy).

The city proper has about 1,308,311 inhabitants (2004), but the population of the urban area including the hinterland is about 4 million and is called La Grande Milano (Greater Milan, 1,981 square kilometres). Milan (Italian: Milano; Milanese dialect: Milán) is the main city in northern Italy, and is located in the plains of Lombardy, the most populated and developed region in Italy.
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Lyon, France. Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Dakar, Senegal. Krakow, Poland.

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Radio 24. Radio 105. R101. Radio Deejay (National Hdq).

Sky Italia (National Hdq). MTV (South-Europe Hdq). RAI (Milan Regional Hdq). Mediaset (National Hdq).

Focus (monthly). Explora (monthly). AnnaBella (weekly). Marie Claire (weekly).

Oggi (weekly). TV Sorrisi & Canzoni (weekly). La Settimana Enigmistica (weekly). Panorama (weekly).

Metro (daily). La Gazzetta dello Sport (daily, sports only). La Padania (daily). Milano Finanza (daily).

Il Sole 24 Ore (daily). Libero (daily). Il Giornale (daily). Il Giorno (daily).

Corriere della Sera (daily). Nuovo Giuriati - Rugby - 4,000. Agorà - Ice Hockey - 4,000. PalaLido - Basket - 5,000.

Velodromo Vigorelli - Cycling, American Football - 12,000. MazdaPalace - Basket, Volley - 13,500. Forum di Assago - Basket, Ice Hockey, Volley, Music - 13,000 to 16,000. Ippodromo del Galoppo - Horse Racing - 15,000.

Ippodromo del Trotter - Horse Racing - 16,000. Brianteo - Athletic, Football - 18,568. Arena Civica - Athletic, Rugby, Football, 30,000. San Siro - only football - 85,700.

Autodromo Nazionale Monza - car and motorcycle racing - 137,000. Past winners include Tacchini, Kodes, Panatta, Barazzutti, Moreno, Borg, Smid, Lendl, Forget, Curier, Ivanisevic, Kafelnikov, and Coira. The central court has a capacity of 8000. It is the most important youth tournament in the world, and is played at the Milan Tennis Club.

Every year, Milan hosts the Bonfiglio Trophy Under 18 Tennis Tournament. They play at the Agora Stadium (capacity 4,500) during the regular season, and at the Forum during playoffs . The Vipers Milano have won the last 4 national championships, the Alpenliga and several Coppa Italia, and are the leaders of that sport in Italy. Different ice hockey teams from Milan have won 30 National Championships between them.

The Amatory Rugby Club Milano have won 18 National Championships and are the most famous and important Rugby team in Italy. Olimpia play at the Forum (capacity 14,000). It is the most important Italian team and one of the top 5 in Europe. Olimpia Milano is a successful European basketball team that have won 3 European Cups, a World Cup, 3 Winners' Cups, 2 Korac Cups and 25 National Championships.

The capacity for the F1 races is around 137,000 spectators. It one of the world's oldest car racing circuits, and one of the most famous. The famous Monza Formula One circuit is located in the suburbs. Milano Pioltello.

Milano Certosa and Milano/Rho Fiera (for the west). Milano Rogoredo (for the south). Milano/Rho Fiera. Milano Tibaldi.

Milano Romolo. Milano Smistamento/Scalo Farini (cargo-trains). Milano Certosa (passenger station). Milano Porta Romana (passenger and cargo station).

Milano San Cristoforo (passenger and cargo station). Milano Greco (passenger station). Milano Rogoredo (passenger station and cargo station). Milano Lambrate (passenger station).

Milano P.ta Garibaldi (passenger station). Milano Centrale (passenger station - the second busiest Italian station). I.S.E.F. Istituto Europeo di Design.

Verdi" di Milano. Conservatorio Superiore "G. Accademia delle Belle Arti di Brera. Beato Angelico.

L.U.C. Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele. Università C.Cattaneo L.I.U.C. Università I.U.L.M.

Scuola Superiore di Direzione Aziendale - Bocconi. Università Bocconi. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Università Statale Milano-Bicocca.

Università Statale. Politecnico di Milano. Verdi. Teatro Studio.

Franco Parenti. Porta Romana. L'Elfo. Out Off.

Olmetto. Litta. Filodrammatici. Della 14a.

Ciak. Smeraldo. San Babila. Piccolo Teatro di Milano.

Nuovo Piccolo Teatro. Nuovo. Ventaglio Nazionale. Manzoni.

CRT - Teatro dell'Arte. Teatro Carcano. Teatro Lirico. Piccolo teatro.

Arcimboldi. Teatro alla Scala. Museo del Risorgimento. Museo di Storia Contemporanea.

Museo di Milano. Museo Archeologico. Museo delle Arti Decorative. Museo degli Strumenti Musicali.

Museo Bagatti Valsecchi. Galleria Vinciana. Museo della Scienza e della Tecnica "Leonardo da Vinci". Museo di Storia Naturale.

Padiglione di Arte Contemporanea. Museo Teatro alla Scala. Palazzo Reale. Museo d’Arte Antica.

Museo della Preistoria e Protostoria. Museo Poldi Pezzoli. Museo Egizio. Castello Sforzesco.

Triennale di Milano. Galleria d'Arte Moderna. Pinacoteca Ambrosiana. Pinacoteca di Brera.

Fuksas (in Rho-Pero). New Milan Fair Complex of M. Pirelli Tower (seat of Lombardy Region and the highest italian skyscraper). Velasca Tower.

Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II. Palazzo Serbelloni. Central Station (the biggest Italian station). Teatro alla Scala.

Palazzo Reale. Palazzo della Ragione. Ca' Granda (University of Milan). Castello Sforzesco (Sforza Castle).

Duomo. "The Needle and the Yarn" in Piazza Cadorna. Leonardo da Vinci's Horse Statue at Hippodrome. Archi di Porta Nuova.

Roman amphitheatre (scant remains). Leonardo's monument in Piazza della Scala. San Carlo Borromeo in Piazza Borromeo. Oldrado da Trasseno del Palazzo della Ragione.

Napoleone of Canova in Brera. Monumento Cinque Giornate. Mazzini's monument in Piazza della Repubblica. Fontana del Piermarini in Piazza Fontana.

Disc of Pomodoro. Colonne di San Lorenzo. Alessandro Manzoni in Piazza San Fedele. Santo Stefano Maggiore.

San Simpliciano. San Sebastiano. Santa Maria presso San Satiro. Basilica di San Nazaro Maggiore.

Santa Maria del Carmine. Santuario di Santa Maria dei Miracoli. San Marco. Basilica di San Lorenzo Pirelli Tower, Milan .

Basilica di Sant'Eustorgio. San Bernardino alle Ossa. San Babila. Santa Maria delle Grazie (with Leonardo's "Last Supper").

Basilica di Sant'Ambrogio. Sant'Alessandro. Duomo (Milan cathedral). Aermacchi.

Mediobanca. Banca Intesa. Ferrovie Nord Milano. Eni.

Arnoldo Mondadori Editore. Giangiacomo Feltrinelli Editore. Corriere della Sera/RCS. Bugatti.

Mediaset. Motta. Alfa Romeo. Alemagna.

Fiera Milano. Telecom Italia. Pirelli. Gianni Versace.

Prada. Dolce & Gabbana. Giorgio Armani.