Morocco

University of Karueein, in Fez, has been a center for Islamic studies for more than 1,000 years. Much of the drive for computer-driven vehicles has been led by DARPA with their Grand Challenge race. Al-Akhawayn, founded in 1993 by King Hassan II and King Fahd of Saudi Arabia, is an English-medium, American-style university comprising about 1,000 students. In order to limit deaths, there has been a push for self-driving automobiles. The oldest and in some ways the most prestigious is "Mohammed V University" in Rabat -along with Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane (a private university)-, with faculties of law, sciences, liberal arts, and medicine. A much higher number of accidents result in injury or permanent disability. Morocco has about 230,000 students enrolled in 14 public universities. The death toll is expected to nearly double worldwide by 2020.

The country's illiteracy rate has been stuck at around 50% for some years but reaches as high as 90% among girls in rural regions. This figure increases annually in step with rising population and increasing travel, but the rate per capita and per mile travelled decreases steadily. Nevertheless, many children --particularly girls in rural areas-- still do not attend school. Despite technological advances, there is still significant loss of life from car accidents: About 40,000 people die every year in the U.S., with similar trends in Europe. Education in Morocco is free and compulsory through primary school (age 15). There are also tests run by organizations such as IIHS and backed by the insurance industry. Casablanca is the center of commerce and industry and the leading port; Rabat is the seat of government; Tangier is the gateway to Morocco from Spain and also a major port; Fez is the cultural and religious center; and the dominantly "Berber" Marrakech is a major tourist center. There are standard tests for safety in new automobiles, like the EuroNCAP and the US NCAP tests.

Most people live west of the Atlas Mountains, a range that insulates the country from the Sahara Desert. Since then, most research has focused on absorbing external crash energy with crushable panels and reducing the motion of human bodies in the passenger compartment. As a result of national education reforms entering into force in late 2002, English will be taught in all public schools from the fourth year on. Systematic research on crash safety started in 1958 at Ford Motor Company. English, while still far behind French and Spanish in terms of number of speakers, is rapidly becoming the foreign language of choice among educated youth. Brakes are hydraulic so that failures are slow leaks, rather than abrupt cable breaks. About 20,000 Moroccans in the northern part of the country speak Spanish as a second language in parallel with Tarifit. For example, modern engine compartments are open at the bottom so that fuel vapors, which are heavier than air, vent to the open air.

It also is widely used in education and government. Early safety research focused on increasing the reliability of brakes and reducing the flammability of fuel systems. French, which remains Morocco's unofficial second language, is taught universally and still serves as Morocco's primary language of commerce and economics. Both safety modifications of the roadway are thought to be too expensive by most funding authorities, although these modifications could dramatically increase the number of vehicles that could safely use a high-speed highway. Approximately 10 million (1 third of the population), mostly in rural areas, speak Berber --which exists in Morocco in three different dialects (Tarifit, Tashelhiyt, and Tamazight)-- either as a first language or bilingually with the spoken Arabic dialect. Shoulder-belted passengers could tolerate a 32G emergency stop (reducing the safe intervehicle gap 64-fold) if high-speed roads incorporated a steel rail for emergency braking. The country's distinctive Arabic dialect is called Moroccan Arabic. Automated control has been seriously proposed and successfully prototyped.

Morocco's official language is classical Arabic. Cars have two basic safety problems: They have human drivers who make mistakes, and the wheels lose traction near a half gravity of deceleration. Most of the 100,000 foreign residents are French or Spanish; many are teachers or technicians. The first recorded automobile fatality was Bridget Driscoll on 1896-08-17 in London and the first in the United States was Henry Bliss on 1899-09-13 in New York City, NY. Morocco's Jewish minority has decreased significantly and numbers about 7,000 (See History of the Jews in Morocco). Joseph Cugnot crashed his steam-powered "Fardier" against a wall in 1770. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7th and 11th centuries and established their culture there. Accidents seem as old as automobile vehicles themselves.

Most Moroccans are Sunni Muslims of Arab, Berber, or mixed Arab-Berber stock. Millions have been able to reach medical care much more quickly when transported by ambulance. Morocco is the fourth most populous Arab country, after Egypt Sudan and Algeria. Automobiles were a significant improvement in safety on a per passenger mile basis, over the horse based travel that they replaced. In 1999 the Moroccan Government admitted that over 500,000 children under the age of 15 were in the labor force^[3]. Other R&D efforts in alternative forms of power focus on developing fuel cells, alternative forms of combustion such as GDI and HCCI, and even the stored energy of compressed air (see water Engine). Though working towards change, Morocco historically has utilized child labor on a large scale. As of 2005, The car is still in production and achieves around 60 mpg.

Morocco has an unemployment rate of 12.1% (2004 Data) and a 1999 estimate by the CIA puts 19% of the Moroccan population under the poverty line^[2]. The first hybrid vehicle available for sale in the USA was the Honda Insight. Morocco is a party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention and in 1992 Morocco passed legislation designed to implement the Convention. Current research and development is centered on "hybrid" vehicles that use both electric power and internal combustion. This represents 10 % of the total area and 27 per cent of the arable lands of the surveyed territory and 1.5 per cent of Morocco's total arable land. Battery powered cars have used lead-acid batteries which are greatly damaged in their recharge capacity if discharged beyond 75% on a regular basis and NiMH batteries. A UN survey^[1] estimated cannabis cultivation at about 1340 square kilometres in Morocco's five northern provinces. Attempts at building viable battery-powered electric vehicles continued throughout the 1990s (notably General Motors with the EV1), but cost, speed and inadequate driving range made them uneconomical.

This activity represents 0.57 per cent of Morocco's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), estimated at US$ 37.3 billion. Brazil is the only country which produces ethanol-running cars, since the late 1970s. The cannabis is typically processed into hashish. In the United States, alcohol fuel was produced in corn-alcohol stills until Prohibition criminalized the production of alcohol in 1919. Morocco ranks among the world’s largest producers and exporters of cannabis, and its cultivation and sale provide the economic base for much of the population of northern Morocco. Of course, certain measures are available to increase this efficiency, such as different camshaft configurations, altering the timing/spark output of the ignition, or simply, using a larger fuel tank. The country's third largest source of revenue is tourism. Therefore, if your vehicle is capable of 300 miles on a 15-gallon tank, the efficiency is reduced to approximately 150 miles.

Its second largest source of income is from nationals living abroad who transfer money to relatives living in Morocco. Further, the use of higher levels of alcohol requires that the automobile carry/use twice as much. Morocco's largest industry is the mining of phosphates. There has been some concern that the ethanol-gasoline mixtures prematurely wear down seals and gaskets. The agreement is expected to enter into force in January 2006. All petrol fuelled cars can run on LPG. The United States Senate approved by a vote of 85 to 13 on July 22, 2004 the Free Trade Agreement with Morocco, which will allow for 98% of the two-way trade of consumer and industrial products to be without tariffs. Most cars that are designed to run on gasoline are capable of running with 15% ethanol mixed in, and with a small amount of redesign, gasoline-powered vehicles can run on ethanol concentrations as high as 85%.

Morocco has signed Free Trade Agreements with the European Union (to take effect 2010) and the United States of America. Many cars that currently use gasoline can run on ethanol, a fuel made from plant sugars. See also List of cities in Morocco and Western Sahara. Diesel-powered cars can run with little or no modification on 100% pure biodiesel, a fuel that can be made from vegetable oils. Other cities include Agadir, Essaouira, Fes, Marrakech, Meknes, Oujda, Ouarzazat, Safi, Tangier, Tiznit, Salè and Tan-Tan. With heavy taxes on fuel, particularly in Europe and tightening environmental laws, particularly in California, and the possibility of further restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions, work on alternative power systems for vehicles continues. Morocco's capital city is Rabat, and its largest city is the main port of Casablanca. For example, in the 1950s, Chevrolet shared hood, doors, roof, and windows with Pontiac; the LaSalle of the 1930s, sold by Cadillac, used the cheaper mechanical parts made by the Oldsmobile division.

Internationally, this is only recognized by four countries (see History of Western Sahara). The makes shared parts with one another so that the larger production volume resulted in lower costs for each price range. Morocco claims that the Western Sahara is part of its territory and refers to that as its Southern Provinces. Sloan who established the idea of different makes of cars produced by one firm, so that buyers could "move up" as their fortunes improved. To the south lies the Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony that was annexed by Morocco in 1975 (see Green March). It was Alfred P. Most of the population lives to the north of these mountains, while to the south is the desert. Cars are not merely continually perfected mechanical contrivances; since the 1920s nearly all have been mass-produced to meet a market, so marketing plans and manufacture to meet them have often dominated automobile design.

Most of the south east portion of the country is in the Sahara Desert and as such is generally sparsely populated and unproductive economically. Developed by Bosch, these electronic systems have enabled automobiles to drastically reduce exhaust emissions while increasing efficiency and power. The Atlas Mountains run down the backbone of the country, from the south west to the north east. The chief exception to this was electronic engine management, which entered into wide use in the 1960s, when electronic parts became cheap enough to be mass-produced and rugged enough to handle the harsh environment of an automobile. The Rif mountains occupy the region bordering the Mediterranean from the north-west to the north-east. For the most part, "new" automotive technology was a refinement on earlier work, though these refinements were sometimes so extensive as to render the original work nearly unrecognizable. To the north, Morocco is bordered by and controls part of the Strait of Gibraltar, giving it power over the waterways in and out of the Mediterranean sea. Since 1960, the number of manufacturers has remained virtually constant, and innovation slowed.

Off the Atlantic coast the Canary Islands belong to Spain, whereas Madeira to the north is Portuguese. After 1930, the number of auto manufacturers declined sharply as the industry consolidated and matured. There are also four Spanish enclaves on the Mediterranean coast: Ceuta, Melilla, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera and Peñón de Alhucemas, as well as several islands including Perejil and Chafarinas. For example, front-wheel drive was re-introduced by Andre Citroën with the launch of the Traction Avant in 1934, though it appeared several years earlier in road cars made by Alvis and Cord, and in racing cars by Miller (and may have appeared as early as 1897). Algeria borders Morocco to the east and southeast. By the 1930s, most of the technology used in automobiles had been invented, although it was often re-invented again at a later date and credited to someone else. These 16 regions are:. Key developments included electric ignition and the electric self-starter (both by Charles Kettering, for the Cadillac Motor Company in 1910-1911), independent suspension, and four-wheel brakes.

As part of a 1997 decentralization/regionalization law passed by the legislature, 16 new regions were created, although the full details and scope of the reorganization are limited. Through the period from 1900 to the mid 1920s, development of automotive technology was rapid, due in part to the hundreds of small manufacturers competing to gain the world's attention. Three additional provinces, Ad Dakhla (Oued Eddahab), Boujdour, and Es Smara, as well as parts of Tan-Tan and Laayoune, primarily fall within Moroccan-claimed Western Sahara. Early automobiles were often referred to as 'horseless carriages', and did not stray far from the design of their predecessor.
. The large scale, production-line manufacturing of affordable automobiles was debuted by Oldsmobile in 1902, then greatly expanded by Henry Ford in the 1910s. Morocco is divided into 37 provinces and 2 wilayas:. Steam, electric, and gasoline powered autos competed for decades, with gasoline internal combustion engines achieving dominance in the 1910s.

. A major breakthrough came with the historic drive of Bertha Benz in 1888. See also: List of political parties in Morocco. This patent did more to hinder than encourage development of autos in the USA. Opposition political parties are legal and several have arisen in recent years. Patent 549160). The King of Morocco can dissolve government and deploy the military, among other responsibilities. Selden was granted a United States patent for a two-stroke automobile engine (U.S.

Morocco is a constitutional monarchy, with a popularly-elected parliament. On 5 November 1895, George B. The attacks left 33 civilians dead and more than 100 people injured. The first automobile patent in the United States was granted to Oliver Evans in 1789; in 1804 Evans demonstrated his first successful self-propelled vehicle, which not only was the first automobile in the US but was also the first amphibious vehicle, as his steam-powered vehicle was able to travel on wheels on land and via a paddle wheel in the water. In 2003, Morocco's largest city, Casablanca, suffered from Casablanca terrorist attacks. Electric vehicles were produced by a small number of manufacturers. Morocco was granted Major non-NATO ally status in June 2004 and signed free trade agreements with the United States and the European Union. It was in Birmingham also that the first British four wheel petrol-driven automobiles were built in 1895 by Frederick William Lanchester who also patented the disc brake in the city.

It now houses the Tangier American Legation Museum. It was here that the term horsepower was first used. owned abroad.
Meanwhile, notable advances in steam power evolved in Birmingham, England by the Lunar Society. The United States legation (consulate) in Tangier is the first property the U.S. Henry Ford was notoriously against the American patent system, and Selden's case against Ford went all the way to the Supreme Court, who ruled that Ford and everyone else was free to build automobiles without paying royalties to Selden, since automobile technology had improved since Selden's patent, and no one was building those antiquated designs. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson were the American signatories. Selden received his patent and later sued the Ford Motor Company for infringing his patent.

Morocco was the first nation to recognize the fledgling United States in 1777 and has the oldest non-broken friendship treaty with the country, the Moroccan-American Treaty of Friendship, which has been in effect since 1783. Selden didn't build a single car until 1905, when he was forced to do so due to the lawsuit. Gradual political reforms in the 1990s resulted in the establishment of a bicameral legislature in 1997. The first American automobile with gasoline-powered internal combustion engines was supposedly designed in 1877 by George Baldwin Selden of Rochester, New York, who applied for a patent on the automobile in 1879. See History of Western Sahara. They were inspired by Daimler's Stalhradwagen of 1889, which was exhibited in Paris in 1889. Morocco virtually annexed Western Sahara during the late 1970s, but final resolution on the status of the territory remains unresolved. In 1890, Emile Levassor and Armand Peugeot of France began series-producing vehicles with Daimler engines, and so laid the foundation of the motor industry in France.

The Spanish enclave of Ifni in the south became part of the new Morocco in 1969. From about 1890-1895 about 30 vehicles were built by Daimler and his innovative assistant, Maybach, either at the Daimler works or in the Hotel Hermann, where they set up shop after having a falling out with their backers. His rule would be marked by political unrest, and the ruthless government response earned the period the name "the years of lead". In 1889, he built two vehicles from scratch, with several innovations. Hassan II became King of Morocco on March 3, 1961. Daimler built a car in 1886 - a new horse carriage fitted with his new high-speed 4-stroke engine. The internationalized city of Tangier was reintegrated with the signing of the Tangier Protocol on October 29, 1956. Because France was more open to the automobile in general, more were built and sold in France than by Benz himself in Germany.

Through agreements with Spain in 1956 and 1958, Moroccan control over certain Spanish-ruled areas was restored, though attempts to claim other Spanish colonial possessions through military action were less successful. Emile Roger of France, already producing Benz engines under license, now added the Benz car to his line of products. The Kingdom of Morocco recovered its political independence from France on March 2, 1956 and on April 7 of that year France officially relinquished its protectorate in Morocco. They were powered with four-stroke engines of his own design. France allowed Mohammed V to return in 1955, and the negotiations that led to Moroccan independence began the following year. Appromixately 25 were built until 1893, when his first four-wheeler was introduced. France's exile of the highly respected Sultan Mohammed V in 1953 and his replacement by the unpopular Mohammed Ben Aarafa, whose reign was perceived as illegitimate, sparked active opposition to the French protectorate. Benz, after building his first three-wheeled car in 1885, built improved versions in 1886 and 1887, and went into production in 1888 -- the world's first vehicle to do so.

That party subsequently provided most of the leadership for the nationalist movement. The internal-combustion-engined car really can be said to have begun with Benz and Daimler in 1886, for their vehicles were successful, they went into series-production, and they inspired others. A manifesto of the Istiqlal (Independence) Party in 1944 was one of the earliest public demands for independence. But if all of the above experiments hadn't taken place, the development of the automobile wouldn't have been retarded by so much as a moment, since they were unknown experiments that went no further than the testing stage. Many Moroccan Goumiere assisted the Americans in both World War I and World War II. Although nothing more than a toy, it is said to have operated somewhat successfully, unlike Murginotti's and Deboutteville's vehicles. Nationalist political parties, which subsequently arose under the French protectorate, based their arguments for Moroccan independence on such World War II declarations as the Atlantic Charter (a joint U.S.-British statement that set forth, among other things, the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live). The same year, Enrico Bernardi, another Italian, installed a similar engine on his son's tricycle.

By the same treaty, Spain assumed the role of protecting power over the northern and southern (Saharan) zones on November 27 that year. Also about 1884, an Italian by the name of Murginotti installed an IC engine on a tricycle, but it appears the engine wasn't powerful enough to make the vehicle move. A second "Moroccan crisis" provoked by Berlin, increased European Great Power tensions, but the Treaty of Fez (signed on March 30, 1912) made Morocco a protectorate of France. No one else knew of the vehicles and experiments until years later. Recognition by the United Kingdom in 1904 of France's "sphere of influence" in Morocco provoked a German reaction; the "crisis" of 1905-6 was resolved at the Algeciras Conference (1906), which formalized France's "special position" and entrusted policing of Morocco jointly to France and Spain. No more vehicles were built by the two men, and their venture went completely unnoticed and their patent unexploited. France showed a strong interest in Morocco as early as 1830. However, during the vehicle's first test, the frame broke apart, the vehicle literally "shaking itself to pieces," in Malandin's own words.

For the first time, Morocco became a state of some interest in itself to the European Powers. The patent, and presumably the vehicle, contained many innovations, some of which wouldn't be used for decades. The Maghreb had far greater proven wealth than the unknown rest of Africa and a location of strategic importance affecting the exit from the Mediterranean. This one consisted of two four-stroke, liquid-fueled engines mounted to an old four-wheeled horse cart. After the Napoleonic Wars, Egypt and the North African maghreb became increasingly ungovernable from Constantinople, the resort of pirates under local beys, and as Europe industrialized, an increasingly prized potential for colonization. In 1884, Delamare-Deboutteville and Malandin built and patented a second vehicle. Successful Portuguese efforts to control the Atlantic coast in the 15th century did not profoundly affect the Mediterranean heart of Morocco. As they tested the vehicle, the tank hose came loose, resulting in an explosion.

The building now houses the Tangier American Legation Museum. In 1883, Edouard Delamare-Deboutteville and Leon Malandin of France installed an internal-combustion engine powered by a tank of city gas on a tricycle. The United States legation (consulate) in Tangier is the first property the American government ever owned abroad. Reithmann had been experimenting with IC-engines as early as 1852. Signed by John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, it has been in continuous effect since 1783. There is some evidence, although not conclusive, that one Christian Reithmann, an Austrian living in Germany, had built a four-stroke engine entirely on his own by 1873. The Moroccan-American Treaty of Friendship stands as the U.S.'s oldest non-broken friendship treaty. He knew nothing of Beau de Rochas's patent or idea, and came upon the idea entirely on his own; in fact, he began thinking about it in 1861, but abandoned the idea until the mid-1870's.

Morocco was the first nation to recognize the fledgling United States as an independent nation in 1777. Most historians agree that Nikolaus Otto of Germany built the world's first four-stroke engine. In 1684 they annexed Tangier. Beau de Rochas never built a single engine. The Alaouites succeeded in stabilizing their position, and while the kingdom was smaller than previous ones in the region it remained quite wealthy. In fact, hardly anyone knew of it to begin with. Morocco was facing aggression from Spain and the Ottoman Empire that was sweeping westward. He printed about 300 copies of his pamphlet and they were distributed in Paris, but nothing came of this, with the patent expiring soon after and the pamphlet disappearing into total obscurity.

The Alaouite Dynasty eventually gained control. The four-stroke engine had already been written down and patented in 1862 by the Frenchman Beau de Rochas in a long-winded and rambling pamphlet. The empire collapsed, however, with a long running series of civil wars. In 1888/1889, he built a second car, this one with seats, brakes and steering, and a four-stroke engine of his own design. Smaller states of the region, such as the Berghouata and Banu Isam, were conquered. It was tested in Vienna in September of 1870. First the Almoravids, then the Almohads would see Morocco rule most of Northwest Africa, as well as large sections of Islamic Iberia, or Andalous. In 1870, he built a crude vehicle, with no seats, steering or brakes, but it was spectacular for one reason: it was the world's first internal-combustion-engine-powered vehicle fueled by gasoline.

Morocco would reach its height under a series of Berber origin dynasties that would replace the Arab Idrisids. He developed the idea of using gasoline as a fuel in a two-stroke internal-combustion engine. Morocco became a centre of learning and a major regional power. The next innovation comes in the 1860s, with Siegfried Marcus, a German working in Vienna, Austria. The country soon broke away from the control of the distant Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad under Idris ibn Salih who founded the Idrisid Dynasty. If he did, he most certainly didn't use gasoline, as this was not well-known and was considered a waste product. Arabs invaded what became modern Morocco in the seventh century, bringing their civilization and Islam, to which most of the Berbers converted, forming states such as the Kingdom of Nekor. Lenoir is said to have tested liquid fuel, such as alcohol, in his stationary engines; but it doesn't appear he used them in his vehicle.

During this time, however, the high mountains of most of modern Morocco remained unsubdued, and stayed in the hands of their Berber inhabitants. It seems to have been powered by city lighting-gas in bottles, and was said by Lenoir to have "travelled slower than a man could walk, with breakdowns being frequent." Lenoir, in his patent of 1860, included the provision of a carburettor, so liquid fuel could be substituted for gas, particularly for mobile purposes, i.e., vehicles. In the 5th century AD, as the Roman Empire declined, the region fell to the Vandals, Visigoths, and then Byzantine Greeks in rapid succession. In about 1863, Lenoir installed his engine in a vehicle. The arrival of Phoenicians heralded a long engagement with the wider Mediterranean, as this strategic region formed part of the Roman Empire, as Mauretania Tingitana. Etienne Lenoir produced the first successful internal-combustion engine in 1860, and within a few years, about 400 were in operation in Paris. North Africa and Morocco were slowly drawn into the wider emerging Mediterranean world by Phoenician trading colonies and settlements in the late Classical period. It was not very successful, as was the case with the British inventor, Brown, and the American inventor, Morey, who produced clumsy IC-engine-powered vehicles about 1826.

In the classical period modern Morocco was known Mauretania, although this should not be confused with the modern country of Mauretania. He subsequently used it to develop the world’s first vehicle to run on such an engine, one that used a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen to generate energy. The Berbers, often referred to in modern ethnic activist circles as "Amazigh," are more commonly generically as Berber or by their regional ethnic identity, such as Chleuh. In 1806 Fransois Isaac de Rivaz, a Swiss, designed the first internal combustion engine (sometimes abbreviated "ICE" today). Modern genetic analyses have confirmed that various populations have contributed to the present-day population, including, in addition to the main ethnic groups - Berbers and Arabs - Phoenicians, Sephardic Jews, and sub-Saharan Africans. In 1771 he designed another steam-driven car, which ran so fast that it rammed into a wall, producing the world’s first car accident. Many theorists believe the Berber language probably arrived at roughly the same time as agriculture (see Berber), and was adopted by the existing population as well as the immigrants that brought it. The first self-propelled car was built by [[--70.49.56.157 00:57, 4 February 2006 (UTC)]] 00:54, 4 February 2006 (UTC)]] in 1769—it could attain speeds of up to 6 km/h.

The area of modern Morocco was made by slave labor and Spanish imigrants and has been inhabited since Neolithic times, at least 8000 BC, as attested by signs of the Capsian culture, in a time when the Maghreb was less arid than it is today. Steam-powered self-propelled cars were devised in the late 18th century. The name Morocco in many other languages originates from the name of the former capital, Marrakech. These inventors are: Karl Benz on July 3, 1886 in Mannheim, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart (also inventors of the first motor bike) and in 1888/89 German-Austrian inventor Siegfried Marcus in Vienna, although Marcus didn't go beyond the prototype stage.
. For historical references, historians used to refer to Morocco as Al Maghrib al Aqşá (The Furthest West). Even though Karl Benz is credited with the invention of the modern automobile, several other German engineers worked on building the first automobile at the same time. Al Maghrib (meaning The West) is commonly used. The modern automobile powered by the Otto gasoline engine was invented in Germany by Karl Benz.

The full Arabic name of the country translates to The Western Kingdom. . . The biggest two companies are General Motors (GM) and Toyota. Its status is disputed, pending a United Nations referendum. As of 2005 there are 500 million cars worldwide (0.074 per capita), of which 220 million are located in the United States (0.75 per capita). Morocco claims ownership of Western Sahara and has administered most of the territory since 1975. It is the main source of transportation across the world.

It borders Algeria to the east, though the Algerian border is closed, Western Sahara to the south, the Mediterranean Sea and Spain to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to its west. An automobile has seats for the driver and, almost without exception, one or more passengers. It has a long coastline on the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea. Earlier terms for automobile include 'horseless carriage' and 'motor car'. The Kingdom of Morocco (Arabic المملكة المغربية) is a country in northwest Africa. The term is derived from Greek 'autos' (self) and Latin 'movére' (move), referring to the fact that it 'moves by itself'. Morocco (1930 film). Different types of automobiles include cars, buses, trucks, vans, and motorcycles, with cars being the most popular.

Music of Morocco. An automobile is a wheeled vehicle that carries its own motor. List of writers from Morocco. Cuisine of Morocco.