Diego Maradona

. This is not a unique mathematical process, hence it is possible for two designs to have the same circle-packing, and yet different crease pattern structures.
. Once this figure is computed, the creases which are then used to obtain the base structure can be added.
. Using optimization algorithms, a circle-packing figure can be computed for any uniaxial base of arbitrary complexity. A columnist for the sports daily Olé welcomed Maradona's hosting a TV show in 2005, noting that "for the first time, he seems to have found his place in the world outside the football pitch". For a specific class of origami bases known as 'uniaxial bases', the pattern of allocations is referred to as the 'circle-packing'.

This quote from former teammate Jorge Valdano summarizes the feelings of many:. Rather, what is more important is the allocation of regions of the paper and how these are mapped to the structure of the object being designed. Hounded for years by yellow journalism, Maradona even fired a compressed-air rifle against reporters who, so he claimed, invaded his privacy. Paradoxically enough, when origami designers come up with a crease pattern for a new design, the majority of the smaller creases are relatively unimportant and added only towards the completion of the crease pattern. Broadcaster Alejandro Dolina was the first to denounce the unfairness of this treatment. Although not intended as a substitute for diagrams, folding from crease patterns is starting to gain in popularity, partly because of the challenge of being able to 'crack' the pattern, and also partly because the crease pattern is often the only resource available to fold a given model, should the designer choose not to produce diagrams. Maradona was renowned for his modesty, and worked until he turned ninety, so the comparison was often unfavorable to the footballer. The main starting point for such technical designs is the crease pattern (often abbreviated as 'CP'), which is essentially the layout of the creases required to form the final model.

Dr. This method of origami design was pioneered by Robert Lang, Meguro Toshiyuki and others, and allows for the creation of extremely complex multi-limbed models such as many-legged centipedes, human figures with full complement of fingers and toes, and the like. Commentators in Argentina have often compared Maradona to Esteban Laureano Maradona (1895–1995), a physician who helped indigenous communities achieve better health standards, and was the recipient of the 1987 UN Medicine for Peace prize. With advances in origami mathematics however, the basic structure of a new origami model can be theoretically plotted out on paper before any actual folding even occurs. Tens of thousands more have become members via the Church's official web site. In the early days of origami, development of new designs was largely a mix of trial-and-error, luck and serendipidity. - "despues de Diego" or After Diego - for its founding 200 members. Technical origami, also known as origami sekkei, is a field of origami that has developed almost hand-in-hand with the field of mathematical origami.

In Buenos Aires, fans organized the "Church of Maradona." Maradona's 43rd birthday in 2003 marked the start of the Year 43 D.D. For example, the Miura map fold is a rigid fold that has been used to deploy large solar panel arrays for space satellites. When scolded by a friend for taking the prank too far (by elaborating on the passion of Jesus), the fake priest retorts: "But I was talking about Maradona". The problem of rigid origami ("if we replaced the paper with sheet metal and had hinges in place of the crease lines, could we still fold the model?") has great practical importance. In the Argentine film Son of the Bride (El Hijo de la Novia), an actor who impersonates a Catholic priest says to a bar patron: "they idolized him and then crucified him". [1]. In Argentina, Maradona is often talked about in terms reserved for legends. Folding a flat model from a crease pattern has been proven by Marshall Bern and Barry Hayes to be NP complete.

Ever since 1986, it is common for Argentines abroad to hear Maradona's name as a token of recognition, even in remote places. For instance, the problem of flat-foldability (whether a crease pattern can be folded into a 2-Dimensional model) has been a topic of considerable mathematical study. Bush's presence in Argentina, wearing a Stop Bush T-shirt. The practice and study of origami encapsulates several subjects of mathematical interest. He has declared his opposition to imperialism, notably during the 2005 Summit of the Americas in Mar del Plata, Argentina, where he protested George W. Also, these papers are extremely thin and compressible, allowing for thin, narrowed limbs as in the case of insect models. He became friends with Fidel Castro while in treatment in Cuba, and has a tattoo of Ernesto Che Guevara on his right arm. As these papers are floppy to start with, they are often backcoated or resized with methylcellulose or wheat paste before folding.

In later years, Maradona has shown sympathy to left-wing ideologies. Artisan papers such as unryu, lokta, hanji, gampi, kozo, saa have long fibres and are often extremely strong. Since he seldom used his right foot for any decisive action, defenders were confounded the few times he did. Both types of foil materials are suitable for complex models. Maradona's kicking had a mixture of precision and power that enabled him to score many free kicks. Foil-backed paper is available commercially but not tissue foil. Another trademark was the Rabona or reverse-cross pass (shot behind the leg that holds all the weight), with which he provided several assists, such as the powerful cross for Ramón Díaz's headed goal in the 1984 friendly match against Switzerland. A second piece of tissue can be glued onto the reverse side to produce a tissue/foil/tissue sandwich.

One of Maradona's trademark moves was dribbling full-speed as a left wing, and on reaching the opponent's goal line, delivering accurate passes to his teammates that many times proved lethal. Related to this is tissue foil, which is made by gluing a thin piece of tissue to kitchen aluminium foil. In Maradona's time defenses became more athletic, so both dribbling and securing possession of the ball required additional speed and the ability to think under stress. Foil-backed paper, just as its name implies, is a sheet of thin foil adhered to a sheet of thin paper. His goal against Italy in the 1986 World Cup demonstrated this. The weight of kami is slightly less than that of copy paper, making it suitable for a wider range of models. Maradona could convert fragile possessions into goals. It is commonly coloured on one side and white on the other; however, duo coloured kami and patterned kami exist and can be used effectively for colour-changed models.

He was also a wizard with the ball and could manage himself in limited spaces, attracting defenders only to quickly dash out of the melee (as in the second goal against England), or pass to a free teammate who would take the ball and score, like Burruchaga did to secure the 1986 World Cup. Kami is sold in prepackaged squares of various sizes ranging from 2.5 cm to 25 cm or more. This is illustrated by his two goals against Belgium in the 1986 World Cup. This technique allows for a more rounded sculpting of the model, which becomes rigid and sturdy when dry. His strong legs and low center of gravity gave him additional advantage in short sprints. Heavier weight papers of 100 gsm or more can be wetfolded. Short and stocky, Maradona had a very strong physique and could withstand physical pressure better than almost all players. Normal copy paper with weights of 70–90 gsm can be used for simple folds, such as the crane and waterbomb.

When Maradona resumed public appearances shortly afterwards, he displayed a notably thinner figure. Although almost any laminar material can be used for folding, the choice of material used greatly affects the folding and final look of the model. On March 6, 2005, it was announced that Maradona underwent gastric bypass surgery in a clinic in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. A list of techniques is accumulating in the origami tech tree. Maradona has always had a tendency to put on weight, and has displayed a remarkable level of obesity since the late 1990s. Most origami folds can be broken down into simpler steps. He returned to Cuba in May. Influenced by the purity and beauty of Origami, and Japanese design principles, Orikaso processes can be used to create functional and useful products.

After he showed improvement, Maradona was taken off the respirator on April 23, and remained in intensive care for several days before being discharged on April 29. Taking Origami developments into the 21st Century, designer Jay Cousins created a simpler form of Origami in plastic - dubbed orikaso. Days after the heart attack, a nurse was caught taking photos of Maradona with a cellular telephone and was promptly fired by the hospital managers. In one version, Sadako wrote a haiku that translates into English as:. Scores of fans gathered around the clinic. The tale of Sadako has been dramatized in many books and movies. On April 18, 2004, doctors reported that Maradona had suffered a major heart attack following a cocaine overdose; he was admitted to intensive care in a Buenos Aires hospital. A group of one thousand paper cranes is called senbazuru in Japanese.

Between 2002 and 2005, Maradona spent most of this time in Cuba. Every year the statue is adorned with thousands of wreaths of a thousand origami cranes. Since the 1990s, Maradona has been battling a cocaine addiction, which included spells in Swiss and Cuban detox clinics. While her effort could not extend her life, it moved her friends to make a granite statue of Sadako in the Hiroshima Peace Park: a young girl standing with her hand outstretched, a paper crane flying from her fingertips. In marked contrast to the athleticism he showed during his years as a football player, since his retirement Maradona has been plagued by a series of health problems. Sadako was buried with a wreath of 1,000 cranes. [4], [5]. Her classmates continued folding cranes in honor of their friend.

After the divorce, Claudia embarked on a career as a theater producer, and Dalma is seeking an acting career; she has expressed her desire to attend the Actor's Studio in Los Angeles. Sadako folded 644 cranes before she died. [3]. It is said that what made the girl truly special in her effort was her additional wish to end all such suffering, to bring peace and healing to the victims of the world. Diego had spells on trial with Blackburn Rovers and Dunfermline Athletic. However, it was not just for herself that she wished healing. (The Italian courts had so ruled in 1993, after Maradona refused to undergo DNA tests for proving or disproving his paternity.) He met Diego for the first time in May 2003 after the 17 year old tricked his way onto a golf course in Naples where Maradona was playing. Hearing the legend, she decided to fold 1,000 cranes so that she could live.

Naples, 1986), as was claimed by his mother, Cristiana Sinagra. By the time she was twelve in 1955, she was dying of leukemia. During the divorce proceedings, Maradona admitted he was the father of Diego Sinagra (b. She was then, a hibakusha -- an atom bomb survivor. [2]. Sadako was exposed to the radiation of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima as an infant, and it took its inevitable toll on her health. Diego and Claudia traveled together to Napoli for a series of homages in June 2005. The origami crane (折鶴 orizuru in Japanese) has become a symbol of peace because of this legend, and because of a young Japanese girl named Sadako Sasaki.

Daughter Dalma has since asserted that the divorce was the best solution for all, as her parents remained on friendly terms. Legend says that anyone who folds one thousand paper cranes will have their heart's desire come true. Diego and Claudia divorced in 2004. Japan has launched a satellite named tsuru (crane). In his autobiography, Maradona admits not always being faithful to Claudia, even though he refers to her as the love of his life. The crane is auspicious in Japanese culture. 1989). One of the most famous origami designs is the Japanese crane.

1987) and Giannina Dinorah (b. The model, contrary to common theory of traditional origami, involved cutting and gluing. Maradona married long-time fiancée Claudia Villafañe on November 7, 1989 in Buenos Aires, after she gave birth to their daughters, Dalma Nerea (b. Masao Okamura, an origami historian, was able to recreate the model. Almost all guests were drawn from the worlds of football and show business. A three volume wood cut book, "Ranma-Zushiki", published in 1734, contained two pictures that were identified by Yasuo Koyanagi in 1993 as the Tamatebako model. In subsequent programs, he led the ratings with only one exception. Recent historians have uncovered the lost origami Tamatebako, a model from the folk tale of "Urashima-Taro and the Tamatebako".

His main guest on opening night was Pelé; the two had a friendly chat, showing no signs of past differences. Modern origami has attracted a worldwide following, with ever more intricate designs and new techniques such as 'wet-folding,' the practice of dampening the paper somewhat during folding to allow the finished product to hold shape better, and variations such as modular origami also known as unit origami, where many origami units are assembled to form an often decorative whole. On 15 August 2005, Maradona made his debut as host of a talk-variety show on Argentine television, La Noche del 10 ("The Night of the #10"). His work was promoted through the studies of Gershon Legman as published in the seminal books of Robert Harbin Paper Magic and more so in Secrets of the Origami Masters which revealed the wide world of paperfolding in the mid 1960s. Maradona remains aloof of day-to-day activities. The work of Akira Yoshizawa of Japan, a prolific creator of origami designs and writer of books on origami, inspired a modern renaissance of the craft. With Maradona staying very close to the players, Boca went on to win the 2005 Apertura title, the Copa Sudamericana and the Recopa. Friedrich Fröbel, founder of the kindergartens, recognized paper binding, weaving, folding, and cutting as teaching aids for child development during the early 1800s.

His contract began 1 August 2005, and one of his first reccomendations proved to be very effective: he was the one who decided to hire Alfio Basile as the new coach. His methods, which involved sheets of round paper that were folded into spirals and curved shapes, have influenced modern origami artists like Kunihiko Kasahara. On 22 June 2005, it was announced that Maradona would return to Boca Juniors as a sports vice president in charge of managing the First Division roster (after a disastrous 2004–05 season, which coincided with Boca's centenary). Joseph Albers, the father of modern color theory and minimalistic art, taught origami and paper folding in the 1920s and 30s. Maradona has won other polls, including a 2002 FIFA poll in which his second goal against England was chosen as the best goal ever scored in a World Cup; he also won the most votes in a poll to determine the All-Time Ultimate World Cup Team. The Japanese do not see origami as an art form, but rather as an integrated part of their culture and tradition. Even though Argentine officials have claimed that FIFA hinted that it would grant the request, the authorization was denied. Modern origami has broken free from the traditional linear construction techniques of the past, and models are now frequently wet-folded or constructed from materials other than paper and foil.

In 2001, the Argentine Football Association asked FIFA for authorization to retire jersey number 10 as a homage to Maradona. Sometimes the most complex origami models must be folded from foil instead of paper; this allows more layers before the paper becomes impractically thick. (For more on FIFA's handling of the issue, see this Sports Illustrated article.). An origami design can be as simple as a party hat or paper airplane, or as complex as a model of the Eiffel Tower, a leaping gazelle or a stegosaurus that takes an hour and a half to fold. Maradona cried foul and left the awards ceremony as soon as his prize was awarded. The earliest known European origami is probably the baptismal certificate of 16th century, represented by a little bird (pajarita in Spanish or cocotte in French). Then, in an unannounced move, FIFA appointed a "Football Family" committee, which voted to elect Pelé alongside the Argentine. In Korea, ancestral tablets made of paper, known as jibang (지방), were folded in a prescribed manner handed down the family line for use in ancestral worship ceremonies.

In the same year, Maradona was voted Player of the Century in an official FIFA poll conducted on the Internet, garnering 53.6% of the votes. The earliest known Japanese origami is probably ceremonial paper folding, such as noshi (熨斗), which started in Muromachi era (1392-1573). In 2000, Maradona published his autobiography Yo Soy El Diego ("I am El Diego"), which became an instant bestseller in his home country. The earliest known traditions of paper folding were of ritual origin. Maradona and Coppola parted ways acrimoniously, and they still refer to the end of their relations as an "open wound". The "invention" of paper folding probably followed soon after the invention of paper itself. Coppola oversaw the biggest contracts of Diego's career, but also was involved in the drug scandals. .

After breaking up with Cyterszpiller, Diego hooked up with Guillermo Coppola, a bank employee who started representing players as a hobby and evolved into a major agent. It's also possible to create folds from triangular paper. On his advice, Maradona started charging for interviews, a move that generated some controversy. Contrary to most popular belief, traditional Japanese origami, which has been practiced since the Edo era (1603-1867), has often been less strict about these conventions, sometimes cutting the paper during the creation of the design (Kirigami 切り紙) or starting with a rectangular, circular, or other non-square sheets of paper. He set up Maradona Producciones but did not score any major successes with merchandising, as counterfeiters would quickly imitate any product that came on the market. In general, these designs begin with a square sheet of paper, whose sides may be different colors, and proceed without cutting the paper. Jorge Cyterszpiller, a childhood friend, was Diego's first agent. Origami only uses a small number of different folds, but they can be combined in a variety of ways to make intricate designs.

On January 26, 1997, Maradona discussed on live Ecuadorian TV with Ecuadorian president Abdalá Bucaram about playing in Bucaram's Barcelona SC team, but nothing ever came out of this, as Bucaram was ousted by a coup d'état. The word literally means "paper folding" in Japanese and refers to all types of paper folding, even those of non-Japanese origin. He retired from football on October 30, 1997. The goal of this art is to create a given result using geometric folds and crease patterns. He also attempted to work as a coach on two short stints, leading Mandiyú of Corrientes (1994) and Racing Club (1995) without much success.
Origami (折り紙 or 折紙 origami "paper folding") is the art of paper folding. Maradona left Napoli in 1992, after serving a 15-month ban for failing the drug test for cocaine, and played for Sevilla FC (1992–93), Newell's Old Boys (1993) and Boca Juniors (1995–97).

In Naples, where he is still beloved (having brought the local team their first scudetto), he also faced a scandal regarding an illegitimate son and was the object of some suspicion over his friendship with the Camorra, the local mafia. This allegation was never proved, and many attribute his comment ("they cut off my legs") to Diego's anger at being suspended. On this matter, he has suggested that he had an agreement, on which FIFA later reneged, to allow him to use the drug for weight loss before the competition in order to be able to play, so that the World Cup would not lose prestige because of his absence. He arrived at the 1994 World Cup and played two games (scoring one goal) before being sent home after failing a drug test for ephedrine doping.

Maradona also captained Argentina in the 1990 World Cup, leading his team to the final, where they lost 1–0 to West Germany. The two goals were ranked 6th in Channel 4's 100 Greatest Sporting Moments in 2002. Argentina went on to defeat England 2-1 in that game. This goal was voted Goal of the Century in a 2002 online poll conducted by FIFA.

He ran half the length of the pitch, passing five English players (Glenn Hoddle, Peter Reid, Kenny Sansom, Terry Butcher, and Terry Fenwick) as well as goalkeeper Peter Shilton. In contrast, however, Maradona's second goal was an uncontroversial and impressive display of footballing skill. I told them, 'Come hug me, or the referee isn't going to allow it.'" [1]. He recalled thinking right after the goal that "I was waiting for my teammates to embrace me, and no one came .

However, on 22 August 2005 Maradona acknowledged on his new television talk show that he hit the ball with his hand purposely and that he immediately knew the goal was illegitimate. He later claimed it was the "Hand of God" and described it as "A little of the hand of God, and a little of the head of Maradona," implying that God was ultimately responsible for the goal, because the referee had missed the handball offense. Action replay footage showed that the first goal was scored with the aid of his hand. However, it was the two goals he scored in the quarterfinal game against England which cemented his legend.

Throughout the 1986 World Cup, Maradona asserted his dominance and was widely regarded as the best player of the tournament. Maradona led the Argentine national team to victory in the 1986 World Cup, the team winning 3–2 in the final against West Germany. Napoli were also runners-up in the Italian Championship twice (1987/88 and 1988/89). Napoli won their only Italian Championships (1986/87 and 1989/1990), a Coppa Italia (1987), a UEFA Cup (1989) and an Italian Supercup (1990).

Barcelona's management was not satisfied with Maradona, and in 1984 transferred him to SSC Napoli, where he became an adored star, lifting the team to its most successful era. However, Maradona had an unhappy tenure in Barcelona: first a bout with hepatitis, and then an ill-timed tackle by Athletic Bilbao's Andoni Goikoetxea that put Maradona's career on the line; Diego's physical strength and willpower made it possible for him to be back on the pitch after only 14 weeks. In 1983, under coach César Luis Menotti, Barcelona and Maradona won the Copa del Rey (Spain's annual national cup competition), beating Real Madrid. Later in the year, Maradona was transferred to FC Barcelona.

Although the team convincingly beat Hungary and El Salvador to progress to the second round, they were defeated in the second round by Italy (1:2), the side which eventually won the cup, and Brazil (1:3), during which game Maradona was sent off for kicking an opponent. In the first round, Argentina, as defending champions, lost to Belgium 0-1. In 1982, Maradona played his first World Cup tournament. At age 18, he played the Football World Youth Championship for Argentina, and was the star of the tournament, shining in their 3–1 final win over the USSR team.

He debuted with the Argentina national football team ("la selección"), at age 16, against Hungary. At age 15,Maradona made his debut with Argentinos Juniors, where he played between 1976 and 1981 before his transfer to the club that he supported, Boca Juniors, where he played during the remainder of the 1981 season and 1982 and secured his first league title. As a ball-boy in first division games, he amused spectators by showing his wizardry with the ball during the halftime intermissions. He became a staple of the cebollitas, the junior team of Buenos Aires side Argentinos Juniors.

At age 10, Maradona was spotted by a talent scout while he was playing in his neighborhood club Estrella Roja. He has two younger brothers, Hugo (el turco) and Eduardo (Lalo), both of whom were also professional footballers. He was the first son after three girls. Diego Armando Maradona was born in Villa Fiorito, a shantytown in the southern outskirts of Buenos Aires, to a poor family who had relocated from Corrientes Province.

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. He is regarded as one of the best—and one of the most controversial—players in the history of the game. Diego Armando Maradona (October 30, 1960, Lanús, Buenos Aires), nicknamed El Diez, Pelusa and El Diego, is a former Argentine football player.

Retrieved August 20, 2005. "Zidane, Ronaldo to appear on Maradona TV show", Reuters/Yahoo! (August 19, 2005). Retrieved August 17, 2005. 'El Diez emprende dos nuevos desafíos', ESPN Deportes (July 28, 2005).

2005 Argentine Senate "Domingo Faustino Sarmiento" recognition for lifetime achievement. England; second goal). 2002 "FIFA Goal of the Century" (1986 (2–0) v. 2000 "FIFA best football player of the century", people's choice.

1999 Argentine Sports Writers' Sportsman of the Century. 1996 Golden Ball for services to cccfootball (France Football). 1986 World Player of the Year (World Soccer Magazine). 1986–1987 Best Footballer in the World (Onze).

1986 European Footballer of the Year (France Football). 1986 Golden Ball for Best Player of the FIFA World Cup. 1986 Argentine Sports Writers' Sportsman of the Year. 1979, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1992 South American Footballer of the Year (El Mundo, Caracas).

1979–1981, 1986 Argentine Football Writers' Footballer of the Year. 2005 Boca Juniors (Football vice-president). 1995 Racing Club de Avellaneda. 1994 Mandiyú de Corrientes.

1993 Copa Artemio Franchi. 1990 FIFA World Cup runner-up. 1986 FIFA World Cup winner. 1979 FIFA World Youth Championship.

1991 Italian Super Cup (SSC Napoli). 1990 Italian league (SSC Napoli). 1989 UEFA Cup (SSC Napoli). 1988 Italian top-scorer (SSC Napoli).

1987 Italian Cup (SSC Napoli). 1987 Italian league (SSC Napoli). 1981 Argentine league (Boca Juniors). Argentina second-highest goal-scorer (held the record until surpassed by Gabriel Batistuta).

21 appearances in four FIFA World Cup Championships (1982, 1986, 1990, 1994). 1977–1994 Argentina (91 appearances, 34 goals).