Kill Bill

In the United States Kill Bill: Volume 1 was released as a DVD on April 13, 2004 while Volume 2 was released August 10, 2004. Palestinian authorities and Arafat's Jordanian doctor denied reports that Arafat was brain dead and had been kept on life support.
. Various sources speculated that Arafat was comatose, in a "vegetative state", or dead. Beatrix stands a while, wiping the odd tear from her cheek, and returns to the house to collect her daughter and start their new life. In the ensuing days, Arafat's health was the subject of wild speculation. Bill walks unsteadily away, collapses, and dies in silence. On November 3 he lapsed into a gradually deepening coma.

Bill accepts his fate, knowing he has lost. According to one of his doctors, Arafat was suffering from Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), an immunologically-mediated decrease in the number of circulating platelets to abnormally low levels. As the victim walks away, he lasts only until his fifth step, whereupon his heart explodes inside his chest. Following visits by other doctors, including teams from Tunisia, Jordan, and Egypt, and agreement by Israel not to block his return, Arafat was taken on October 29 aboard a French government jet to the Percy military hospital near Paris. The technique can be described as five blows to pressure points on the body, most notably the chest. His condition deteriorated in the following days and he became unconscious for 10 minutes on October 27. Following a brief undeclared scuffle with swords, Beatrix disables Bill using the fatal "Five Point Palm Exploding Heart Technique", taught to her without Bill's knowledge by Pai Mei. First reports of Arafat's treatment by his doctors for what his spokesman said was 'flu' came on October 25, 2004 after he vomited during a meeting.

The poignant but established tension between their mutual intent to kill each other, and the tenderness and remains of their old romance, sets the emotional stage for the final scene, in which they talk, and realise that they are going to fight until one dies. Arafat's accounts in Paris. He comments in explanation for his actions, "When I told you the story of when I thought you were dead, didn't you get how badly I felt?… There are consequences to breaking the heart of a murdering bastard… You experienced some of them…" (A killer herself, Beatrix probably understood this logic inside all along, and does not contest the answer). In October 2003, French government prosecutors opened a money-laundering probe of Suha Arafat after Tracfin alerted the prosecutors to untaxed transfers of nearly $1.27 million each with some regularity from Switzerland to Mrs. Bill deprecates her attempts to find a 'normal' life, and compares Beatrix with Clark Kent (Superman), saying that she was trying to hide her true, destined identity. Arafat accused Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon of spreading rumors about money-laundering involed the transfer of funds to herself to distract media attention away from corruption allegations against himself. She tells him why she tried to retire: how she realized upon becoming pregnant that she must put her daughter's future above Bill, and leave behind the assassin's life. In an interview with the London-based newspaper Al Hayat, Mrs.

Bill, acting the gentleman-killer, says he still has questions but doubts she can be honest about the answers, and therefore abruptly shoots her with a dart containing truth serum. Claims by unnamed sources in the PA Finance Ministry stated that Arafat's wife, Suha, receives a stipend of $100,000 each month from the PA budget. The child fallen asleep, Beatrix returns to the living room and has a strange conversation with Bill, during which they agree they have "unfinished business". The reform of the financial management of the PA is the objective of several key conditions attached to the EU financial assistance." [16]. falls asleep. The EU "remains convinced that deepening reform in the PA and improving its financial management and audit capacities is the best preventive strategy against the misuse of funds and corruption. Met with a family scene rather than aggression, Beatrix is overcome with emotion upon finding her daughter and her mission is temporarily put on hold while her attention shifts entirely to B.B., spending hours alone with her and watching a movie with her until B.B. An investigation by the European Union into claims that EU funds were misused by the Palestinian Authority has found no evidence that funds were diverted to finance terrorist activities.

However, she finds that Bill is expecting her, with a surprise: B.B., their four-year-old daughter, whom Beatrix had thought was murdered during the wedding chapel attack, is alive and well, apparently delivered while Beatrix was comatose (the audience had been left with this revelation during Bill's conversation with Sofie Fatale at the very end of Volume 1). Arafat turn over the investments as a condition of further aid." [15]. Beatrix drives to Bill's home, prepared to kill him. They demanded that Mr. He tells her without hesitation, saying that he does this because Bill would want him to. Arafat gave in to pressure from aid donors such as the European Union and from his finance minister, Salam Fayyad, the IMF's former representative in the territories. Beatrix visits, introduces herself, and asks him in a very respectful manner, where Bill is. Mr.

The story shifts to Mexico and to Esteban, a pimp who raised Bill and was a friend of his mother. Arafat to hand over the holdings was like pulling teeth. Therefore, it appears as if Tarantino is applying irony to the deaths of numbers three and four of Beatrix's death list.). According to Salam Fayyad, a former World Bank official who Arafat appointed finance minister in 2002, Arafat's commodity monopolies could accurately be seen as gouging his own people, "especially in Gaza which is poorer, which is something that is totally unacceptable and immoral." [14] According to Hanan Ashrawi, a former member of Arafat's cabinet "Getting Mr. Likewise, narrative logic might suggest that Elle fell to the same black mamba that killed Budd. Though Arafat has always lived modestly, Dennis Ross, former Middle East negotiator for Presidents Bush and Clinton, stated that Arafat's "walking-around money" financed a vast patronage system. However, considering Beatrix's codename is "Black Mamba," it could be said that she killed him after a fashion, and if she had not come after him in the first place, he would still be alive. And none of these dealings were made public".

(At first, it may seem disappointing that Budd was not directly killed by Beatrix. The head of the investigation stated that "although the money for the portfolio came from public funds like Palestinian taxes, virtually none of it was used for the Palestinian people; it was all controlled by Arafat. Her pending death is implied but not stated. and the Cayman Islands. Elle is left blinded and ranting, shut in Budd's isolated desert trailer with the black mamba. The team claimed that part of the Palestinian leader's wealth was in a secret portfolio worth close to $1 billion — with investments in companies like a Coca-Cola bottling plant in Ramallah, a Tunisian cell phone company and venture capital funds in the U.S. Walking past the black mamba on the floor, Beatrix takes her own sword and abandons the trailer and Elle, who is smashing things and screaming, unable to locate her enemy. In 2003 a team of American accountants — hired by Arafat's own finance ministry — began examining Arafat's finances.

Swords locked, Beatrix's hand suddenly darts out and snatches out Elle's remaining eye, blinding her. [13]. Elle and Beatrix clash briefly but furiously with the legendary Hanzō swords. The IMF did not claim that there were any improprieties and it specifically stated that most of the funds have been used to invest in Palestinian assets, both internally and abroad. Elle maliciously tells Beatrix that she got her revenge when she poisoned Pai Mei's food, killing him (Pai Mei and possibly Bill were Beatrix's masters in the martial arts). In 2003 the International Monetary Fund (IMF) conducted an audit of the Palestinian Authority and stated that Arafat diverted $900 million in public funds to a special bank account controlled by Arafat and the PA Chief Economic Financial Advisor. We learn that years before, Pai Mei had snatched out Elle's eye for insulting him. business magazine "Forbes" [11] ranked Arafat as sixth on its 2003 list "Kings, Queens and Despots" [12], estimating his personal wealth to "at least $300 million", without indicating its source for this claim.

Elle and Beatrix have a brief conversation while standing apart. The U.S. The fight is made fairer when Beatrix finds Budd's own Hanzō sword in amongst the junk, inscribed "To my brother Budd, the only man I have ever loved - Bill", which he had claimed to Bill he had pawned some years ago. In August 2002, the Israeli Military Intelligence Chief claimed that Arafat's personal wealth was USD $1.3 billion [10], though he provided no substantiation for this claim. In the ensuing fight between the two women, Elle has Beatrix's sword. On September 22, 2003, The Wall Street Journal published article by former chief of Romanian intelligence Ion Mihai Pacepa "The KGB’s Man" PDF alleging that he was trained by the KGB, which "in the mid-1960s decided to groom him as the future PLO leader.". As she opens the door, Beatrix attacks her, kicking her back inside. Arafat's support from Arab leaders tended to increase whenever he was pressured by Israel; for example, in 2003 when Israel declared it had taken the decision, in principle, to remove him from the Israeli-controlled West Bank.

The phone call is over, and Elle picks up the Hanzō sword and money to leave the trailer. The most frequent criticism of Arafat was that he was corrupt to the detriment of the Palestinian people. She also says that if Bill goes to a certain cemetery, he will be standing at "the final resting place of Beatrix Kiddo." This is the first time in the series that Beatrix's name is spoken without the audio being bleeped. However, he remained by far the most popular Arab leader among the general populace. Bill calls her cell phone, and she feigns sympathy and tells him that his brother Budd was killed by a black mamba left in his camper by Beatrix, but that Beatrix herself is now dead and buried too. In the last few years growing disenchantment with Arafat and his peers had surfaced within the general Arab press. Elle lectures Budd as he dies, telling him her main regret is that "maybe the greatest warrior I have ever met, met her end at the hands of a bushwhackin', scrub, alcky [alcoholic] piece of shit like you", then bends to collect the money prior to leaving. At various times he had come under withering criticism from Arab leaders and press.

However, she double crosses him, planting a lethal black mamba in the suitcase with the money, and when he begins to check the payment, the angered snake strikes him three times. Arafat had a mixed relationship at best with the leaders of other Arab nations. Elle, along with Budd, believes her to be dead, and is meeting Budd to buy Beatrix's Hanzō sword. [9]. She hikes back to Budd's isolated desert trailer in time to see Elle pulling up in her Trans Am and Budd standing in the doorway. Bush dismissed Arafat as a negotiating partner: "The real problem is that there is no leadership that is able to say 'help us establish a state and we will fight terror and answer the needs of the Palestinians'". Back in the coffin, Beatrix uses one of his lessons, breaking a thick wooden board at short range, to eventually overcome her panic and drive a fist through the coffin lid before clawing her way to the surface. President George W.

The training is extremely rigorous, with many hardships. On July 18, 2004, in an interview in Le Figaro, U.S. Bill convinces him to accept Beatrix for training, though it appears he fought his former master as part of the "discussion." At first scathing about her flaws, he comes to respect her and teaches her apparently all he knows. Many feel this was due to the fact that he secretly supported the attacks, a belief that was widespread among all the Palestinian militant organizations who did not take Arafat's call seriously. Pai Mei was revered as one of the greatest martial arts instructors (a classic example of the Elderly Martial Arts Master stock character). He issued such a call on May 8, 2002, but, as was the case before, it was largely ignored. Flashback to many years before, Bill is taking Beatrix to Pai Mei's temple. With that, and a promise that he would issue a call in Arabic to the Palestinians to halt attacks on Israelis, Arafat was released.

Budd puts Beatrix in a wooden coffin and buries her alive, after subduing her by threatening to burn her eyes with mace if she does not acquiesce, but offering to bury her with a flashlight if she does. Rather, a combination of British and American security personnel would ensure that the wanted men remained imprisoned in Jericho. She agrees, with one condition: Beatrix "must suffer to her last breath.". Arafat was finally allowed to leave his compound on May 3, 2002 after intense negotiations led to a settlement[8]: six militants wanted by Israel, who had been holed up with Arafat in his compound, would not be turned over to Israel, but neither would they be held in custody by the Palestinian Authority. Subduing her with an injection, he phones Elle Driver, commenting that having captured Beatrix, he has the "greatest sword ever made" and will sell it to her for one million dollars. Marwan Barghouti emerged as a leader during the Al-Aqsa intifada but Israel had him arrested and sentenced to 4 life terms. But when she sneaks up to kill Budd after work at his isolated trailer, he is in fact ready and ambushes her with a shotgun, firing non-lethal rock salt into her chest immediately after the door is opened. Persistent attempts by the Israeli government to identify another Palestinian leader to represent the Palestinian people failed; and Arafat was enjoying the support of groups that, given his own history, would normally have been quite wary of dealing with him or of supporting him.

He philosophically comments she knows where he is, saying "That woman deserves her revenge…and we deserve to die.". Israel then launched a major military offensive into the West Bank (see "Operation Defensive Shield".). Budd, now retired from assassination and a small town nightclub bouncer (and a drinker according to Elle), seems unconcerned. Ariel Sharon, who had previously demanded that Arafat speak out strongly in Arabic against suicide bombings, declared that Arafat "assisted the terrorists and made himself an enemy of Israel and irrelevant to any peace negotiations". He visits Budd (aka "Sidewinder", played by Michael Madsen), later revealed to be his brother -- they have not spoken for a long time and last time was on bad terms -- and warns him, telling him to be careful: she is coming. Shortly afterward, attacks carried out by Palestinian militants killed more than 135 Israeli civilians. Moving to the present, Bill hears of O-Ren Ishii's and Vernita Green's deaths, he knows Beatrix is going down the list. Israel ignored what it deemed to be a facile offer.

Reassured, with irony in the soundtrack and slight tears of happiness in her eyes, Beatrix dons her veil and is lost to us, as the camera tracks back and we see the remainder of her former assassin colleagues at Bill's command approaching the small Texas chapel and begin to fire…. Supporters of this declaration saw this offer, which included recognition of Israel by the Arab states, as a historic opportunity for comprehensive peace in the region, while critics of this offer say that it would constitute a heavy blow to Israel's security, while not even guaranteeing Israel the cessation of suicide bombing attacks. They talk as past lovers, Bill assures her he will "try to be nice", and even offers to attend the wedding, letting Beatrix introduce him to the bridegroom as her "father". In March 2002, the Arab League made an offer to recognize Israel in exchange for Israeli retreat from all territories captured in the Six-Day War and statehood for Palestine and Arafat's Palestinian Authority. He has tracked her down despite her attempt to leave him and her life as an assassin behind. On May 6, 2002, the Israeli government released a report, based in part on documents captured during the Israeli occupation of Arafat's Ramallah headquarters, with copies of papers signed by Arafat authorizing funding for the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades' activities. Taking a break from her wedding rehearsal, Beatrix is surprised to see Bill, her former boss and lover, on the front porch of the chapel, playing his flute. Some allege that activities of these groups were tolerated by Arafat as a means of applying pressure on Israel (see PLO and Hamas.) Some Israeli government officials opined in 2002 that the Fatah's faction Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades began attacks on Israel to compete with Hamas.

The segment is shot in black-and-white, with a relaxed pace. They appeared to be out of Arafat's influence and control and were actively fighting with Arafat's Fatah group. We return to the wedding chapel, and see for the first time what happened there before the attack. In the 1990s, these groups seemed to threaten Arafat's capacity to hold together a unified secular nationalist organization with a goal of statehood. After the same brief introduction sequence that started Vol.1, the flashback to the shooting at the wedding chapel, she begins the film by speaking directly to the camera as she is driving, reviewing the events of Kill Bill: Volume 1 and stating that she has one more death on her list, and is on her way; when she gets there she will "Kill Bill.". Arafat's ability to adapt to new tactical and political situations, was perhaps exemplified by the rise of the Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad organizations, Islamist groups espousing rejectionist opposition to Israel and employing new tactics such as suicide bombing, often intentionally targeting non-military targets, such as malls and movie theaters, to increase the psychological damage. Kill Bill: Volume 2 continues the story of Beatrix (The Bride) and her quest for vengeance. The complex and fragile web of relations between the U.S., Israel, Saudi Arabia, and other Arab states also contributed to Arafat's longevity as Palestinian leader.

O-Ren dies, her last words being, "That really was a Hattori Hanzō sword..." The Bride then tortures the half-Japanese, half-French Sofie Fatale (played by Julie Dreyfus), one of Bill's lovers and O-Ren's lawyer, second lieutenant, and best friend, leaving her mutilated but alive, to tell Bill that she is coming for him. When the Al-Aqsa Intifada, or Second Palestinian Intifada, was launched (2000-present), the peace process completely collapsed. Although injured in the exchange, The Bride finally ends the duel with a swing that slices off the top of O-Ren's head, exposing her brain (later censored in some versions). In a move widely criticized and even by a member of his negotiating team and Cabinet, Nabil Amr, Arafat rejected Barak's offer and refused to make a counter-offer. She then pursues O-Ren outside to a snow-covered zen garden. Also included in the offer was a return of a number of refugees and compensation for the rest. In a nightclub named the "House of Blue Leaves," The Bride kills or maims all but one of O-Ren's bodyguards, known as the Crazy 88. In addition, under the Israeli proposal, Israel would retain some control of the Palestinian state's borders, customs, and defense.

Flying from Okinawa directly to Tokyo, Japan, The Bride locates O-Ren Ishii (aka "Cottonmouth", played by Lucy Liu), a half-Chinese-American, half-Japanese woman raised on an American military base, orphaned by the yakuza, and now "the boss of all bosses," ruler of the Tokyo underworld. Israel would annex the resting 9-10% of the West Bank encompassing large settlement blocs, in exchange for land in the Negev. He says, ritually presenting it to her, "If, on your journey, you should encounter God, God will be cut.". The final proposal proffered by Barak would have meant establishment of Palestinian State on 90-91% of the West Bank and the whole of the Gaza Strip. Hattori Hanzō was Bill's teacher, and despite having sworn an oath many years before, to never create "something that kills people" again, he feels an obligation to help her for having trained him and agrees to make one final weapon for her, the best sword he ever made. Due partly to his own politics (Barak was from the leftist Labor Party, whereas Netanyahu was from the rightist Likud Party) and partly due to immense pressure placed by American President Bill Clinton, Barak offered Arafat a Palestinian state in the majority of the West Bank and all of the Gaza Strip with an outlying suburb of East Jerusalem as its capital. Once she regains her full strength, she travels to Okinawa, Japan where she asks master swordsmith Hattori Hanzō (played by Sonny Chiba) to come out of retirement to make one final katana (samurai sword) with which to accomplish her revenge. Arafat continued negotiations with Netanyahu's successor, Ehud Barak, at the Camp David 2000 Summit.

This is far from easy - her legs are extremely weak and will barely move, much less support her body. The resulting Wye River Memorandum of 23 October 1998 detailed the steps to be taken by the Israeli government and PA to complete the peace process. She overcomes her physical weakness to kill her would-be rapist, then Buck, and finally takes the keys to Buck's "Pussy Wagon" (the car mentioned previously) and escapes, launching her quest to eliminate her former associates. President Bill Clinton intervened, arranging meetings with the two leaders. It transpires that Buck, the hospital orderly, has been selling her body for sex while she was in a coma. In 1998, U.S. She hears footsteps approaching so she pretends to be unconscious. Netanyahu allegedly sought to obstruct the transition to Palestinian statehood outlined in the Israel-PLO accord.

She awakens suddenly and almost immediately realises she has lost her baby. Palestinian-Israeli relations grew even more hostile as a consequence of continued conflict. The Bride is still in a coma after four years. In mid-1996, Benjamin Netanyahu was elected Prime Minister of Israel. We flash back 6 months. The mass media uses both terms. When you grow up, if you still feel raw about it, I'll be waiting.". translate the title as "president".

But you can take my word for it, your mother had it coming. interpret the title as "chairman" while Palestinians and the U.N. For that I'm sorry. Israel and the U.S. The child, who has come in at the noise and witnessed the killing, is told by The Bride "It was not my intention to do this in front of you. After 1996, Arafat's title as Palestinian Authority leader was "head" (Arabic Ra'is). Suddenly Vernita fires a concealed gun at The Bride, but misses, and The Bride responds by throwing a knife which kills her. The following elections scheduled for January 2002 were later postponed; the stated reason being inability to campaign due to the emergency conditions imposed by the al-Aqsa intifada and Israel Defense Force incursions and restrictions on freedom of movement in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

The child is sent to her room as both adults pretend nothing is going on, then over coffee discuss that the past betrayal of The Bride by Vernita cannot be undone, and they agree to meet up for a fight to the death. However, because Hamas and other opposition movements chose not to participate in the presidential election, the choices were limited. Vernita, a retired member of the same assassination squad now apparently turned mother and housewife, is shocked but rapidly recovers, their vicious fight to the death interrupted by her young child Nikki returning from elementary school. Independent international observers reported the elections to have been free and fair. Fox) who answers. On January 20, 1996, Arafat was elected president of the PA, with an overwhelming 88.2 percent majority (the only other candidate was Samiha Khalil) [7]. She rings on a door in a suburban street, and attacks the woman (Vernita Green, aka "Copperhead", played by Vivica A. On July 24, 1995, his wife Suha gave birth to a daughter, who was named Zahwa after his deceased mother.

In the opening of the film, The Bride is driving a car identified by its body-work as the "Pussy Wagon". In 1994, Arafat moved to the territory controlled by the Palestinian Authority (PA) — the provisional entity created by the Oslo Accords. Elle is furious at the change, as she clearly hates Beatrix, but acquiesces. Arafat returned to Palestine as a hero to some but a traitor and collaborator to others. He adds that if she wakes up, then they will kill her all over again. (See: Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition.) The following year Arafat was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize along with Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin. Bill later sends Elle Driver (aka "California Mountain Snake", played by Daryl Hannah) to finish off the comatose Bride in the hospital, but recalls her as she is about to administer poison, deciding at the last second that killing her while she lies helpless would be dishonorable. In return Prime Minister Rabin, on behalf of Israel, officially recognized the PLO.

The groom and the rest of the wedding party are murdered while she herself is shot in the head by Bill, and left for dead. Prior to signing the accords, Arafat as Chairman of the PLO and as its official representative signed two letters renouncing violence and officially recognizing Israel on September 9, 1993. Bill, her former boss and lover, tracks her down and finds her about to marry, and arranges for the Vipers to gate-crash the chapel and slay those within. In the early 1990s Arafat engaged the Israelis in a series of secret talks and negotiations that led to the 1993 Oslo Accords calling for the implementation of Palestinian self rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip over a five year period. Beatrix Kiddo, also known as The Bride, codename "Black Mamba" is a former member of "The Deadly Viper Assassination Squad." (It is not clear if the Squad are disbanded or still active: with one in a coma, another working as a low-income bouncer, another apparently a housewife and mother, and another running her own yakuza operation, it is possible that the group had disbanded at some time after the Massacre at Two Pines). The pilot and several passengers were killed and Arafat received several broken bones and other injuries.
. Arafat narrowly escaped death again in 1992 as his aircraft crash-landed in the Libyan desert during a sandstorm.

As is common in Tarantino films, they are not arranged in chronological order. disregarding his claims of being a partner for peace. Kill Bill is divided into ten chapters, five chapters per volume. attack on Iraq, alienating many of the Arab states, and leading to the U.S. The film was shot over the course of eight months, with scenes filmed on location in North America, Japan, and China. Prior to the Gulf War of 1991, Arafat opposed the U.N. Waking from a coma four years later, The Bride is determined to kill all those involved, including Bill, her former mentor, boss and lover, but does not realize her daughter is still alive and in his care. During the 1991 Madrid Conference, Israel conducted open negotiations with the PLO for the first time.

With the rest of the wedding party slain, Bill administers the coup de grâce, a bullet in the head, cutting off her attempts to tell him she is pregnant with his baby. [6]. Uma Thurman plays Beatrix Kiddo, "The Bride", seeking bloody revenge against Bill (played by David Carradine) and her former associates the Deadly Viper Assassination Squad for their ruthless slaying of the wedding party after they gate-crashed her wedding rehearsal. In 1990 Arafat married Suha Tawil, a Palestinian Orthodox Christian working for the PLO in Tunis, who converted to Islam before marrying him. . However, on April 2, 1989, Arafat was elected by the Central Council of the Palestine National Council (the governing body of the PLO) to be the president of the proclaimed State of Palestine. Meanwhile, some conservative critics decried its extremely graphic and exaggerated depictions of violence. Arafat's statement indicated a shift from one of the PLO's primary aims — the destruction of Israel (as in the Palestinian National Covenant) — towards the establishment of two separate entities, an Israeli state within the 1949 armistice lines and a Palestinian state in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.

In particular, the film's unusual and pop culture-heavy dialogue was subject to heavy criticism. administration, which insisted on the recognition of Israel as a necessary starting point in the Camp David peace negotiations. Others, however, felt that Tarantino's homage to Asian cinema was overly indulgent, or that it was a new low in cinematic morality. Arafat's December 13 statement was encouraged by the U.S. Reviews were mostly positive, with some reviewers regarding it as a cinematic masterpiece. In a December 13, 1988 address, Arafat accepted UN Security Council Resolution 242, promised future recognition of Israel, and renounced "terrorism in all its forms, including state terrorism" [5]. Volume 1 grossed $70 million in its American release while Volume 2 grossed $66 million. On November 15, 1988, the PLO proclaimed the independent State of Palestine, a government-in-exile for the Palestinians which laid claim to the whole of Palestine as defined by the British Mandate of Palestine, rejecting the idea of partition.

Volume 1 was released on October 10, 2003 and Volume 2 was released on April 16, 2004. Although the Intifada was a spontaneous uprising against Israeli occupation, within weeks Arafat was attempting to direct the revolt, and Israelis believe that it was mainly because of Fatah forces in the West Bank that the civil unrest was able to continue for the duration. It was written and filmed as a single movie, but was edited and released as two films, due in part to the very long running time of the original single-film version. This was particularly useful during the First Intifada in December, 1987. Kill Bill is the fourth film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino, and stars Uma Thurman. During the 1980s, Arafat received assistance from Iraq and Saudi Arabia, which allowed him to reconstruct the badly-battered PLO. ^  1 ContactMusic.com "Tarantino Brings Kill Bills Together". In Operation Wooden Leg, IAF F-15s bombed his headquarters in Tunis leaving 73 people dead; Arafat had gone out jogging that morning.

Blonde, who used an identical razor to cut off a police officer's ear. Arafat again narrowly survived an Israeli attack in 1985. When Beatrix is buried alive in "Chapter Seven: The lonely grave of Paula Schultz", the razor she pulls from her boot to escape is a reference to Michael Madsen's character in "Reservoir Dogs", Mr. In September 1982, during the Israeli offensive into Lebanon, the Americans and Europeans brokered a cease-fire deal in which Arafat and the PLO were allowed to leave Lebanon; Arafat and his leadership eventually arrived in Tunisia, which remained his center of operations up until 1993. When facing the shotgun-wielding assassin Karen, Beatrix calls herself "the deadliest woman in the world." In Pulp Fiction, Mia Wallace describes her character in the failed television pilot "Fox Force Five" as "the deadliest woman in the world with a knife.". Arafat did not return to Lebanon personally after this second expulsion, though many Fatah fighters did. The flute which Bill is seen playing both outside the chapel and prior to Beatrix's training is the same flute carried by another of David Carradine's characters, Caine, of Kung Fu fame. Instead of being expelled by Israel, this time Arafat was expelled by a fellow Palestinian working for Hafez al-Assad.

During Bill's interrogation of Beatrix, he says that she is a "natural born killer," a reference to the movie Natural Born Killers, for which Tarantino wrote the initial screenplay. Arafat actually returned to Lebanon a year after he was evicted from Beirut, this time establishing himself in Tripoli. The prop used as Beatrix's Hattori Hanzō sword in Kill Bill was later reused as Miho's nameless sword in the screen adaptation of Sin City. During the Israeli siege of Beirut (1982), the United States and European powers brokered a deal guaranteeing safe passage for Arafat and the PLO to exile in Tunis. In Pulp Fiction, Butch Coolidge finds a samurai sword in a Los Angeles pawn shop. Arafat himself narrowly escaped with assistance from the Saudis and Kuwaitis. Budd falsely claims to have pawned his Hattori Hanzō sword in El Paso, Texas. The Civil War's first phase ended for Arafat with the siege and fall of the Palestinian refugee camp of Tal al-Zaatar.

Jackson's character was also rumored to be Jules from Pulp Fiction, because of that character's desire to "walk the earth.". During the Civil War, Arafat allied the PLO with Lebanese Muslim groups, however, fearing a loss of power Syria's President Assad switched sides, and sent in his army to help the right-wing Christian Phalangists. Jackson has a cameo appearance in the movie as Rufus, an organist in the El Paso Chapel. After having taken control over West Beirut, and under siege by the Israeli army, Arafat declared Beirut to be the "second Stalingrad." Beirut ended up in much ruin as a result of subsequent Israeli artillery and aerial bombardment with close to 17,000 civilians dead. Samuel L. The PLO played an important part in the Lebanese Civil War. When the Bride appears with Budd's sword in the fight with Elle Driver, another Ennio Morricone track is heard, one that is featured in The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. The PLO was admitted to full membership in the Arab League in 1976.

Music from Ennio Morricone's score for A Fistful of Dollars plays in a scene in Volume 2 in which Budd shoots the Bride with rock salt. Do not let the olive branch fall from my hand." His speech increased international support of the Palestinian cause. Tarintino, an obvious Bruce Lee fan paying homage to the success of asian cinema with Kill Bill, has the vindicated "Game of Death" incarnation of Lee, deafeating the discriminated "Black Mask" version of Lee. In the same year, Arafat became the first representative of a nongovernmental organization to address a plenary session of the UN General Assembly, and Arab heads of state recognized the PLO as "the sole legitimate spokesman of the Palestinian people." In his UN address, Arafat condemned Zionism, but said, "Today I have come bearing an olive branch and a freedom fighter's gun. This was due to the anti-Asian Hollywood at the time as Kato usually had to wear his black mask and did not get many lines or close ups with his mask off. Arafat denied responsibility for terrorist acts committed by these groups. Bruce Lee's was not succesful in the US, he was snubbed for the lead role in the Kung Fu TV series for David Carradine (Bill). Israel claimed that Arafat was in ultimate control over these organizations and hence had not abandoned terrorism.

These two homages to Bruce Lee's work combine in the Crazy 88 fight to pit Bruce Lee's first screen incarnation (Kato) against his last (Game of Death). The Fatah movement continued to launch attacks against Israeli civilians and the security forces within the West Bank and Gaza Strip; moreover, in the late 1970s numerous leftist Palestinian organizations appeared which carried out attacks against civilian targets both within Israel and outside of it. The accompanying music during the en-masse swordfight is also a nod to the series, which used Al Hirt's jazzy trumpet rendition of Rimsky-Korsakov's "Flight of the Bumblebee" as its theme. In 1973-4, Arafat closed Black September down, ordering the PLO to withdraw from acts of violence outside Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, because overseas attacks attracted too much bad publicity. The masks worn by the members of the Crazy 88 are the same style that Bruce Lee's character Kato wore in the TV series The Green Hornet. The killings were internationally condemned and Arafat publicly disassociated himself and the PLO from such attacks. The Bride's yellow tracksuit is from Bruce Lee's Game of Death. A number of sources, including Mohammed Daoud and Benny Morris, have stated that Black September was an arm of Fatah used for terrorist operations.

The scene of The Bride standing in the middle of fifty-plus people and still winning the fight is similar to the chambara scenes of countless old Japanese samurai movies. In September 1972, the Black September group killed 11 Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympic Games. When any battle turns deadly his hands turn red and the siren-like music is played. The PLO mounted intermittent cross-border attacks against Israeli targets, including civilians, from there. Through sheer will and intense training the hero retrains himself and his hands as lethal weapons. Because of Lebanon's weak central government, the PLO was able to operate virtually as an independent state. The siren-like music is actually an homage to "The Five Fingers of Death," one of the first Kung Fu movies released in the United States (1973) The hero is attacked and left crippled, his hands smashed. Following the expulsion from Jordan, Arafat relocated the PLO to Lebanon.

The "Ironside" theme music was written by Quincy Jones. See also History of Jordan and Black September. The siren-like musical sequence denoting The Bride's encounters with her nemesis is from the theme of police drama Ironside (TV series), starring Raymond Burr as a detective who is confined to a wheelchair after a sniper attack. By September 24, the Jordanian army achieved dominance and the PLA agreed to a series of ceasefires [4]. Near the end of the opening credits, a silhouette evokes Citizen Kane. Navy dispatched the Sixth Fleet to the eastern Mediterranean and Israel deployed troops to aid Hussein, if necessary. It is written as "La vengeance est un plat qui se mange froid". The fighting was mainly between the Jordanian army and the PLA; the U.S.

The earliest known use of the proverb in print is from the novel Les Liaisons Dangereuses (1782) by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos. In the ensuing civil war, the PLO had the active support of Syria, which sent a force of around 200 tanks into Jordan to aid them. Hot as you are, you're liable to end up with indigestion." However the origin of the proverb is difficult to determine, possibly Sicilian, Spanish or Pashtun. On that same day, Arafat became supreme commander of the Palestine Liberation Army (PLA), the regular military force of the PLO. Lee Van Cleef's character paraphrases the quote saying, "Somebody once wrote that revenge is a dish that has to be eaten cold. On September 16, King Hussein declared martial law. It is also used in the Spaghetti Western Death Rides a Horse (1968) (Kill Bill used music from Death Rides a Horse). Other Arab governments attempted to negotiate a peaceful resolution, but continuing fedayeen actions in Jordan (such as the destruction by the PFLP, on September 12, of three international airliners hijacked and held in Dawson's Field in Zarqa) prompted the Jordanian government to take action to regain control over its territory.

"Revenge is a dish best served cold.- Old Klingon Proverb" – This proverb as it is referenced is from Star Trek VI, as well as Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. Open fighting erupted in June of 1970. Halicki. Jordan considered this a growing threat to its sovereignty and security and attempted to disarm the Palestinian militias. During the scene where the sheriff is driving to the chapel, the view from the car with the pilot glasses on the dashboard is taken from the 1974 film Gone in 60 Seconds by H.B. In the 1960s tensions between Palestinians and the Jordanian government had greatly increased; heavily armed Palestinian resistance elements (fedayeen) had created a virtual "state within a state" in Jordan, eventually controlling several strategic positions in Jordan, including the oil refinery near Az Zarq. This decision was made at a late stage and as a result, the scene had to be reanimated. Arafat became commander-in-chief of the Palestinian Revolutionary Forces two years later and, in 1973, the head of the PLO's political department.

David Carradine has confirmed at several conventions and special screenings that the killer of O-Ren's father in the anime sequence is Bill. By the late 1960s, Fatah had come to dominate the PLO, and at the Palestinian National Congress in Cairo on February 3, 1969 Arafat was appointed Palestinian Liberation Organization leader, replacing Ahmad Shukeiri. In Volume Two Bill muses that the Crazy 88 simply "thought it [the name] sounded cool.". Many young Palestinians joined as the ranks and armaments of Fatah swelled. However, 44 and 44 make 88, a lucky number. Amid the post-war environment, the profiles of Arafat and Fatah were raised by this important turning point, as he came to be regarded as a national hero who dared confront Israel. So there's 44 Chinese people and 44 Japanese people! But that's part of the mythology I would only go into if I wrote a book." This is significant in that 4 in Japanese (shi) is a homophone for death, and is considered a very unlucky number. The battle was covered in detail by Time magazine, and Arafat's face appeared on the cover, bringing the wider world their first image of the man.

In Japan, it is most often associated with the 88-temple Shikoku pilgrimage; While some critics have tried to argue that there are not actually eighty-eight members of the group, this has been contradicted by an interview given by Quentin Tarantino to Eiga HIHO magazine, "because O-Ren is half-Chinese and half-Japanese, so is her army. Despite the high Palestinian death toll, Fatah considered themselves victorious because of the Israeli army's eventual withdrawal. The Crazy 88: in China the number "88" is an auspicious number, much like 7 in the west. In 1968, Fatah was the target of an Israeli Defense Force operation in the Jordanian village of Al-Karameh ("honor" in Arabic language) in which 150 relatively poorly armed Palestinians and 29 Israeli soldiers were killed. The "Color Cut" of this film segment is highly sought after by fanatical US Kill Bill fans, but is still currently unavailable outside Japan (other than through legally-questionable internet sharing). After the Six-Day War, Arafat is said to have escaped Israel by crossing the Jordan River dressed as a woman carrying a baby. While the American cut of the movie shows the violent battle at the House of Blue Leaves in black and white, the Japanese cut shows it in color. Fatah's first operation was an unsuccessful attempt to blow up an Israeli water pump station in 1965.

Her name is also mentioned by Bill before he shoots her in the head, and "Kiddo" turns out to be her actual last name rather than a simple mark of affection to a former lover and partner. Arafat worked hard in Kuwait to establish the groundwork for Fatah's future financial support by enlisting contributions from the many Palestinians working there, who gave generously from their high salaries in the oil industry (ibid., p.91). However, The Bride's real name is present on her boarding pass for her flights to Okinawa and Tokyo. According to journalist John Cooley, the name means "victory" and is also an acrostic taken from the initials, read backwards, of Harahkat al-Tahrir al Filistini (H-T-F, letters are reversed in FaTaH due to the negative meaning of the H-T-F root in Arabic.), meaning the Palestine Liberation Movement.² Fatah dedicated itself to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state and the destruction of the state of Israel. The Bride's boarding pass (click for a larger view). During this first half of Kill Bill, The Bride's real name is bleeped out when characters say it. In Kuwait in 1959, with the help of friends Yahia Ghavani and Khalil al-Wazir (Abu Jihad) [3], together with a group of refugees from Gaza, Arafat founded one of the groups that became al-Fatah. It is directed by Kazuto Nakazawa, who also directed the Linkin Park video for "Breaking The Habit", with the animation studio Production I.G, producers of Ghost in the Shell among other works. Arafat had decided that the best way for Palestinians to gain control of Palestine was for them to fight and not rely on support from Arab governments.

The film also features an anime sequence explaining O-Ren's tragic backstory. After Suez, Arafat moved to Kuwait, where he found work as a civil engineer and eventually set up his own contracting firm. The Japanese release of Volume 1 begins with a dedication to Japanese director Kinji Fukasaku. Fathi Arafat founded the Palestinian Red Crescent and was involved in the humanitarian aspect of the conflict. Arafat's younger brother Dr. By 1956, Arafat graduated with a bachelor's degree in civil engineering and served as a second lieutenant in the Egyptian Army during the Suez Crisis.[2] Later, in 1956, at a conference in Prague, he donned the keffiyeh, the traditional chequered head-dress which was to become his emblem.

After returning to university, Arafat joined the Muslim Brotherhood and served as president of the Union of Palestinian Students from 1952 to 1956. Arafat felt that he had been "betrayed by these [Arab] regimes". He was disarmed and turned back by Egyptian military forces, who refused to allow the poorly trained partisans to enter the war zone. But by 1946 he had become a Palestinian nationalist and was procuring weapons in Egypt to be smuggled into Palestine in the Arab cause.[1] During the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, Arafat left university and, along with other Palestinians, sought to enter Palestine to fight for Palestinian independence.

He later claimed to have sought to better understand Judaism and Zionism by engaging in discussions with Jews and reading publications by Theodor Herzl and other Zionists. Arafat attended the University of King Fuad I (later renamed Cairo University). The marriage did not last, and when his father married once more, Arafat's sister Inam was left in charge of the upbringing of her siblings. When he was eight, his father re-married and the family moved back to Cairo.

In Jerusalem, they lived in a house near the Western Wall and the Al-Aqsa Mosque or Temple Mount, a holy site to Jews, Christians and Muslims. Arafat was four when his mother died, and he and his father moved to Jerusalem from Cairo, where the family had been living. A birth certificate registered in Cairo, Egypt shows August 24, 1929 as his date of birth and Cairo as the place. Arafat claimed to have been born in Jerusalem on August 4, 1929; some of his legal personal documentation states the same.

His father was a Palestinian textile merchant and his mother came from a prominent Palestinian family. Arafat was the fifth or sixth (sources disagree) of seven children. .
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Still others accused him of being a deeply corrupt politician or a weak leader who made too many concessions to the Israeli government during efforts to settle the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. While his supporters viewed him as a heroic freedom fighter who symbolized the national aspirations of the Palestinian people, his opponents often described him as an unrepentant terrorist with a long legacy of promoting violence. Arafat was a controversial and polarizing figure throughout his lengthy career. Yasser Arafat (Arabic: ياسر عرفات‎) (August 4 or August 24, 1929 – November 11, 2004), born Mohammed Abdel-Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini (محمد عبد الرؤوف القدوة الحسيني) and also known by the kunya Abu `Ammar (أبو عمّار), was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (1969–2004); President¹ of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) (1993–2004); and a co-recipient of the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize.

ISBN 9993251305. Wallach, Janet and John Wallach, Arafat: In the Eyes of the Beholder, Carol Pub Group, 1990. ISBN 1883642108. Rubinstein, Danny and Dan Leon The Mystery of Arafat, Steerforth Press, 1995.

ISBN 0195166892. and Judith Colp Rubin, Yasir Arafat: A Political Biography, Oxford University Press, 2003. Rubin, Barry M. ISBN 0283062207.

Hart, Alan, Arafat, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1994. ISBN 1852279249. Gowers, Andrew and Tony Walker, Arafat: The Biography, Virgin Books, 2005. ISBN 1582340498.

Aburish, Said K., Arafat: From Defender to Dictator, Bloomsbury Publishing, 1998.